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Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases First Published on: 26 September 2008
An outbreak of Chikungunya fever occurred in north-east Italy in the summer of 2007. Only 1 fatal case was observed, in an 83-y-old male hospitalized with encephalitis. Viral genome was detected at high level (1.5times108 copies/ml) in the cerebrospinal fluid 7 d after symptoms onset.
Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal First Published on: 26 September 2008
To examine differences in the morbidity and mortality of stroke between the Finnish- and Swedish-speaking populations in Turku, taking into account the socioeconomic differences between these groups.
The ketogenic diet (KD) is an established, effective nonpharmacologic treatment for intractable childhood epilepsy. The KD is provided differently throughout the world, with occasionally significant variations in its administration.
Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) accounts for 3 to 12% of all epilepsies. In 2004, we identified a mutation-harboring Mendelian gene that encodes a protein with one EF-hand motif (EFHC1) in chromosome 6p12.
Few studies have prospectively examined the risk of recurrent stroke associated with patent foramen ovale. We present the results of the Spanish right-to-left shunt (RLSh) multicenter study.
Journal of Oncology Volume 2008 (2008), Article ID 417137, 5 pages doi:10.1155/2008/417137
Newly developed systemic treatment regimens might lead to improved survival also in the subgroup of breast cancer patients that harbour brain metastases.
Acta Neurologica Scandinavica Published Online: 24 Sep 2008
The role of classical antineuronal antibody determinations to confirm the paraneoplastic aetiology of a neurological syndrome is well established. However, the value of antineuronal antibody estimation during follow-up of paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) is not known.
Acta Neurologica Scandinavica Published Online: 25 Sep 2008
Motor fluctuations in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease may be successfully treated with subcutaneous apomorphine infusion or intraduodenal levodopa/carbidopa infusion. No comparative trials of these two alternatives were performed.
Stroke doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.503698
Cerebral artery aneurysms rupture when wall tension exceeds the strength of the wall tissue. At present, risk-assessment of unruptured aneurysms does not include evaluation of the lesions shape, yet clinical experience suggests that this is of importance.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis First Published on: 26 September 2008
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a process that leads to the functional disability of the individual in a relatively short period of time, with a very important limitation of autonomy and affecting the quality of life.
Clinical and Experimental Metastasis 0262-0898 (Print) 10.1007/s10585-008-9210-2
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy and second leading cause of cancer death in women. Ninety percent of mortality in breast cancer is often associated with metastatic progression or relapse in patients.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis First Published on: 26 September 2008
We report the clinical and electrophysiological features of a large Turkish family with genetically confirmed X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA). Family members were identified by field work.
Primary Care and Community Psychiatry, Volume 13, Issue 3 September 2008 , pages 97 - 99
Pathologicalal gambling (PG) is a psychiatric disorder characterized by loss of control of gambling with a big repercussion on personal life. Various recent studies have demonstrated the relationship between impulse control disorders (ICDs) and pharmacologic treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD).
Skull base chondrosarcomas are rare tumors and individual experience with their management is limited. We present a series of such tumors treated at our institution.
The objective of the study is to describe our experience in the surgical management of foramen magnum meningiomas with regard to the clinical-radiological findings, the surgical approach and the outcomes after mid-term follow up.
The authors describe the case of a 70-year-old male who developed a peculiar syndrome characterized by pathological gambling (PG), delusional parasitosis and adipsia with mild frontal symptoms.
The sensed presence of a 'Sentient Being' has been hypothesized to be the transient awareness of the right hemispheric equivalent of the left hemispheric sense of self. When the clinical context is supportive for the expression of anomalous cognition, the experience is reported frequently by patients who display complex partial epileptic-like symptoms and signs following a mild closed head injury.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of childhood death and disability worldwide. In the United States, childhood head trauma results in approximately 3,000 deaths, 50,000 hospitalizations, and 650,000 emergency department (ED) visits annually.
This case report describes a patient who sustained severe head trauma with diffuse axonal injury (DAI). Examination with magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (MR-DTI), 6 days post-injury, showed a severe reduction in fractional anisotropy (FA) in the rostral pons containing the corticospinal tract, which correlated to the patient's severe hemiparesis.
Methionine (Met) loading increases total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) and assesses homocysteine metabolism. We tested the hypothesis that pre- or post-Met tHcy will predict recurrent stroke or coronary artery disease (CAD) in a subgroup analysis of the Vitamin Intervention for Stroke Prevention (VISP) trial.
Glioblastomas exhibit a remarkable tendency toward morphologic diversity. Although rare, pseudoepithelial components (adenoid or epithelioid) or true epithelial differentiation may occur, posing a significant diagnostic challenge.
Most pregnant women with epilepsy require antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy. Present guidelines recommend optimizing treatment prior to conception, choosing the most effective AED for seizure type and syndrome, using monotherapy and lowest effective dose, and supplementing with folate.
The international Health Outcomes in Pregnancy and Epilepsy (HOPE) was established to learn more about the effects that seizure medications (also called antiepileptic drugs or AEDs) might have on the developing baby.
Spinal Cord advance online publication 30 September 2008; doi: 10.1038/sc.2008.112
Randomized, double-blinded animal experiment for neural functional recovery from spinal cord injury (SCI) through vaccination with immature dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with homogenate protein of spinal cord (hpDCs) in mice.
Spinal Cord advance online publication 30 September 2008; doi: 10.1038/sc.2008.113
To assess the effects of exercise therapy (ET) on motor control and functional ability of the upper extremity in patients with cervical spinal cord injury (SCI).
The aim of this work is to provide a general view of the conceptual elaborations on disablement in the 20th century and to discuss the role of these different contributions in developing the current concepts of disablement.
Neurological Sciences Volume 29, Number 4 / September, 2008 271-273
Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma (SEH) has not been reported under anti-thrombotic therapy with acetyl-salicylic acid (ASA) in a dosage of 50 mg/d.
Neurological Sciences Volume 29, Number 4 / September, 2008 219-227
To assess whether Parkinson Disease (PD) patients are impaired at perceiving emotions from facial and prosodic cues and whether any putative defective performance concerns recognition of a particular emotion.
Neurological Sciences Volume 29, Number 4 / September, 2008 263-267
A 60-year-old man with progressive gait ataxia and mild pyramidal signs showed at MRI a pontine lesion with post-contrast enhancement in the left middle cerebellar peduncle.
Neurological Sciences Volume 29, Number 4 / September, 2008 245-249
We have sought to relate C-reactive protein (CRP), a peripheral marker of inflammation frequently elevated in stroke patients, with aetiology and prognosis of acute cerebral infarction.
A retrospective study on solid central nervous system haemangioblastomas was performed to characterize clinical features, treatment strategies and outcome in these rare lesions.
Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology Published Online: 18 Sep 2008
ICD shocks occurring in conscious patients (as in the case of well-tolerated arrhythmias, electromagnetic interference, or oversensing) have a deleterious impact on the quality of life.
Journal of Neural Transmission 0300-9564 (Print) 10.1007/s00702-008-0121-9
mtDNA common variation is inconsistently reported to modify the risk of Parkinson’s disease (PD). We evaluated the impact of the mitochondrial
haplogroups, subhaplogroups, coding and non-coding single-nucleotide polymorphisms on PD risk in 241 PD patients and 277 control subjects.
European Radiology 0938-7994 (Print) 10.1007/s00330-008-1183-7
The aim of the study was to test the reliability of intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) detection with C-arm-mounted flat-detector computed tomography (FD-CT) in the angio suite as compared to multislice CT (MSCT).
Child's Nervous System 0256-7040 (Print) 10.1007/s00381-008-0713-6
Optic nerve sheath diameter has been linked with intracranial pressure in previous studies. Measurement of sheath diameter using transorbital ultrasound is proposed as a clinical assessment indicator of developing hydrocephalus in the paediatric population.
People with epilepsy have various education needs and must adopt many self-management behaviors in order to control their condition. This study evaluates WebEase, an Internet-based, theory-driven, self-management program for adults with epilepsy.
The effectiveness and costs of very early rehabilitation after stroke are unknown. This study assessed the cost effectiveness of very early mobilisation in addition to standard care (VEM) compared with standard care alone (SC).
The annual risk of stroke or cardiovascular events has been reported to be over 10% in middle cerebral artery stenosis. However, the prognosis of patients with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) remains unclear.
Journal of Neuro-Oncology 0167-594X (Print) 10.1007/s11060-008-9699-x
We have applied boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) to malignant brain tumors. Here we evaluated the survival benefit of BNCT for recurrent malignant glioma (MG).
Chinese Journal of Cancer Research Volume 8, Number 4 / December, 1996 284-286
We performed simultaneous one-stage thoracic-cranial surgery on ten cases of lung cancer with brain metastases during the period of 1990 to 1994. Surgical mortality was 0% with low morbidity.
t is unclear whether 16-detector row CT angiography (CTA) can replace digital subtraction angiography (DSA) to assess the feasibility of endovascular treatment (EVT) in the acute phase after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Although in benign multiple sclerosis (BMS) locomotor disability is absent or only minimal, subclinical cognitive impairment seems to occur in many cases. Diffusion tensor (DT) MRI enables us to quantify the extent of "actual" tissue damage, which goes undetected when using conventional MRI.
Atrial fibrillation (AF) may be present within a subset of patients with presumed cryptogenic TIA or stroke and remains undetected by standard diagnostic methods. We hypothesized that AF may be an under-recognized mechanism for cryptogenic TIA/stroke.
Treatment of wide-necked aneurysms by endovascular coil embolization usually requires mechanical aids in order to protect the parent artery from occlusion due to extension of coils or thrombosis.
European Journal of Emergency Medicine. 15(5):261-267, October 2008
To determine the frequency of early seizure recurrence (ESR) and to evaluate predictors of ESR among patients attending the Emergency Department (ED) for seizure.
There are few published data on the incidence of fatal and nonfatal stroke in American Indians. The aims of this observational study were to determine the incidence of stroke and to elucidate stroke risk factors among American Indians.
Hypofractionated conformal stereotactic radiotherapy (HCSRT) is an established method of treating brain lesions such as arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and brain metastases
Journal of Neuro-Oncology 0167-594X (Print) 10.1007/s11060-008-9701-7
We investigated the effect of increased tumor perfusion using dynamic susceptibility-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (DSC-MRI) in glioblastoma (GBM) patients on the surrounding ipsilateral brain tissue with respect to perfusion of the normal, unaffected contralateral brain and of the tumor.
Integrative Cancer Therapies, Vol. 7, No. 3, 172-181 (2008)
Because of the number of sufferers and high mortality rate, the standard care and new therapeutic options in the treatment of brain metastasis from lung cancer are the subject of intense research.
Neurocritical Care 1541-6933 (Print) 10.1007/s12028-008-9147-y
Tirilazad is a non-glucocorticoid, 21-aminosteriod that inhibits lipid peroxidation. It had neuroprotective effects in experimental ischemic stroke and reduced angiographic vasospasm after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).
Several studies have shown serum urate to be an independent risk factor for vascular disease, but others have not, although a stronger association in women than in men has been a consistent finding.
Acta Neurologica Belgica 2008, No 1 (Vol. 108/1) p.9-16
Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900), one of the most profound and influential modern philosophers, suffered since his very childhood from severe migraine. At 44 he had a mental breakdown ending in a dementia with total physical dependence due to stroke.
Acta Neurologica Belgica 2008, No 1 (Vol. 108/1) p.17-20
In epileptic patients fractures are six times more frequent than in the general population. Known predisposing factors are anticonvulsant drugs, malnutrition, lack of physical activity and sunlight exposure.
A 63-year-old man with a history of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and a prosthetic aortic valve was hospitalized because of a mastoiditis, complicated by meningitis and epileptic seizures.
Acta Neurologica Belgica 2008, No 1 (Vol. 108/1) p.21-23
Limbic encephalitis (LE) is frequently associated with malignancy. Non-paraneoplastic LE is less common and in this form, voltage-gated potassium channel (VGKC) antibodies are usually found.
Acta Neurologica Belgica 2008, No 1 (Vol. 108/1) p.5-8
The aim of this study was to investigate personality, by means of the Rorschach Psychodiagnostic test, in a consecutive series of fourteen patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) submitted to bilateral deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (DBS
STN).
Acta Neurologica Belgica 2008, No 1 (Vol. 108/1) p.33-33
What do you think is the diagnosis of the patient ? A 27-year-old female presented with 2 monthsold history of a tender nodule in the left parietal scalp region.
Neurocritical Care 1541-6933 (Print) 10.1007/s12028-008-9134-3
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most feared complication of oral anticoagulant therapy (OAT). While anticoagulated patients have increased severity of bleeding following ICH, they may also be at increased risk for thromboembolic events (TEs) given that they had been prescribed OAT prior to their ICH.
NEJM Volume 359:1317-1329 September 25, 2008 Number 13
Intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase is the only approved treatment for acute ischemic stroke, but its efficacy and safety when administered more than 3 hours after the onset of symptoms have not been established. We tested the efficacy and safety of alteplase administered between 3 and 4.5 hours after the onset of a stroke.
Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. 23(5):286-293, September/October 2008
A preliminary investigation of the psychometric properties of the Cognitive and Linguistic Scale (CALS), a measure of cognitive and linguistic recovery following brain injury in children and adolescents.
Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. 23(5):329-338, September/October 2008
Evaluate an intervention to improve an alliance between an interdisciplinary team and clients with traumatic brain injury attending post-acute brain injury rehabilitation.
Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. 23(5):273-285, September/October 2008
The purpose of this study was to understand the barriers and facilitators of communication and collaboration between speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and neuropsychologists (NPs) in rehabilitation settings.
Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. 23(5):312-328, September/October 2008
Preliminary research with the Categorization Program (CP) indicated that this therapeutic modality is beneficial in improving cognitive abilities in survivors of moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study provides additional evidence for the use of the CP in postacute TBI cognitive rehabilitation.
Since coils were approved for aneurysm treatment, materials and techniques developed rapidly. It still remains an open question whether one material or method is superior.
A 42-year-old man with refractory epilepsy experienced a 1-min generalized tonic-clonic seizure followed by persistent inspiratory stridor and cyanosis while being monitored in our epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU).
To describe five patients with ictal aphasia and one patient with ictal amnesia, who had focal positron emission tomography (PET) hypermetabolism but no clear ictal activity on electroencephalography (EEG).
Positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) shows widespread hypometabolism even in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients with mesial temporal foci. 18F-trans-4-fluoro-N-2-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl) piperazin-1-yl]ethyl-N-(2-pyridyl)cyclohexane carboxamide (18F-FCWAY) PET may show more specific 5-HT1A-receptor binding reduction in seizure initiation than in propagation regions. 18FCWAY PET might be valuable for detecting epileptic foci, and distinguishing mesial from lateral temporal foci in MRI-negative patients with TLE.
Mutations in the gene encoding phospholipase A2 group VI (PLA2G6) are associated with two childhood neurologic disorders: infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD) and idiopathic neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA).
Children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) have an increased prevalence of central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities. The extent to which this problem is due to CNS maldevelopment, prenatal ischemia, postnatal chronic cyanosis and/or multiple exposures to cardiopulmonary bypass is unknown.
Impaired homocysteine metabolism is associated with a number of vasculopathies including extracranial aneurysms. We analyzed the possible association of nine genetic variants of homocysteine metabolism with the occurrence of intracranial aneurysms.
For the clinician, the diagnosis of arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) in children is a challenge. Prompt diagnosis of pediatric AIS within 6 hours enables stroke-specific thrombolytic and neuroprotective strategies.
Experimental and epidemiological evidence suggests that homocysteine (tHcy) may be a causal risk factor for atherosclerosis. B-vitamin supplements reduce tHcy and improve endothelial function in short term trials, but the long-term effects of the treatment on vascular structure and function are unknown.
We evaluated the role of interictal rhythmical midline theta (RMT) in the identification of frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) and its differentiation from temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and nonepileptic controls.
To investigate the effect of sleep stage on the properties of high-frequency oscillations (HFOs) recorded from depth macroelectrodes in patients with focal epilepsy.
Whipple's disease of the brain is one of the most challenging neurological diagnoses. "Is it
Whipple's disease?" is a frequent question, but rarely is the answer yes. The neurological manifestations do not help to distinguish primary from secondary
Whipple's disease of the brain, and although MR brain scanning with gadolinium is mandatory, it can be normal and any abnormalities are non-specific.
In this article we summarise nervous system histology in health and disease and acquaint the reader with developments in the staining techniques that are in current use, particularly immunostains.
International Journal of Cancer Published Online: 17 Sep 2008
Neuroblastoma is a rare embryonal tumor of childhood for which risk factors are not well known. Using a nested case-control design, we investigated prenatal, perinatal and neonatal risk factors in detail by linking 245 pediatric neuroblastoma cases identified in the Swedish Cancer Register diagnosed in the year 1973-1995 with the Swedish Medical Birth Register.
Neurocritical Care 1541-6933 (Print) 10.1007/s12028-008-9142-3
We investigated the feasibility and utilization of conductive plastic electrodes (CPEs) in patients undergoing continuous video-electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring in the intensive care unit (ICU), and assessed the quality of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) images obtained during this period.
Neurocritical Care 1541-6933 (Print) 10.1007/s12028-008-9138-z
Posttraumatic vasospasm (PTV) is a relatively common event following traumatic brain injury (TBI) that has been strongly correlated with worse neurological outcome in many studies.
Neurocritical Care 1541-6933 (Print) 10.1007/s12028-008-9140-5
To study the correlation between a dynamic index of cerebral autoregulation assessed with blood flow velocity (FV) using transcranial Doppler, and a tissue oxygenation index (TOI) recorded with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS).
Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology. 30(9):712-715, September 2008
Extracerebral masses involving the skull base in children and adolescents are rare. We report on a 4-month-old infant who was diagnosed with a large extracerebral mass in the anterior fossa.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:1100-1106
Assessment of patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is predominantly done using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). While the GCS is universally accepted for assessment of severity of traumatic brain injury, it may not be appropriate to rely on the GCS alone when assessing patients with mTBI in prehospital settings and emergency departments.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:1117-1121
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) is commonly associated with
Parkinson's disease (PD), and recent studies have suggested that RBD in PD is associated with increased cognitive impairment, waking EEG slowing, autonomic impairment and lower quality of life on mental health components. However, it is unclear whether the association of RBD in PD has implications for motor manifestations of the disease.
Gene expression was determined for 52 newly diagnosed GBMs by using DNA microarrays, and the relationship to enhancement pattern and survival was analyzed. This study was approved by the institutional review board and was HIPAA compliant; informed consent was obtained.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:1180-1185
The model of care for patients with mild-to-moderate head injury and CT-detected lesions that do not require an immediate intervention is a matter of debate. This study compared the effects on outcome of a model based either on observation in a neurosurgical unit (NSU) or in a peripheral hospital (PH), making use of neurosurgical expertise via a teleradiology system.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:1128-1133
Aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) can be associated with acute global and regional decrease in cerebral perfusion. Furthermore, cerebral vasospasm may lead to development of delayed ischaemic deficits.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:1144-1147
Differentiating between first seizure, epilepsy and a non-epileptic event is a challenging clinical exercise for many physicians as it may lead to different therapeutic implications. This study aims to investigate the agreement between the initial diagnosis at the accident and emergency (A&E) department and the final diagnosis following inpatient neurological evaluation of seizure disorders.
The perioperative course of patients undergoing intracranial surgery is frequently complicated by hypertensive episodes. Dexmedetomidine (DEX), an {alpha}-2 adrenoreceptor agonist, is gaining popularity in neuroanesthesia, because its sympatholytic and antinociceptive properties may improve hemodynamic stability at critical moments of surgery.
Journal of Neuro-Oncology 0167-594X (Print) 10.1007/s11060-008-9700-8
The efficacy and toxicity of hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (HSRT) in combination with whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT), for the treatment of 1-4 brain metastases, using a non invasive fixation of the skull, was investigated.
Meyer's loop, the most vulnerable part of the optic radiations during approaches to the temporomedial region, extends to the tip of the temporal horn and is often encountered in epilepsy surgery.
For certain brainstem lesions, a diagnostic biopsy is required for treatment planning. We reviewed the indications, safety, and diagnostic effectiveness of a transcerebellar stereotactic biopsy using local anesthesia and sedation.
To evaluate the role of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in the management of recurrent or residual intracranial hemangioblastomas, we assessed tumor control, survival, and complications in 32 consecutive patients.
THE HARVARD NEUROSURGICAL Service at Brigham and Women's Hospital and Children's Hospital Boston has a distinguished history, beginning in 1912 when Dr. Harvey Cushing became surgeon-in-chief at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital.
Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNT) occurs rarely in the cerebellum. We describe a rare case of cerebellar DNT that developed contrast enhancement after long-term observation and discuss the underlying mechanism and clinical relevance of this unusual phenomenon.
The posterior meningeal artery (PMA) normally arises from the vertebral artery; however, its origin varies considerably as the result of its embryological development. This gains clinical significance when associated with vascular pathology.
Meningiomas that occur over the convexity of the brain are the most common meningiomas, but little has been published about their contemporary management.
To prospectively evaluate the effects of shunting on the neuropsychological performance of patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (INPH), to compare their performance with that of healthy individuals, and to estimate the predictive utility of putatively important factors.
The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether clinical speech deficits after brain injury are associated with functional speech reorganization.
Paraophthalmic aneurysms may exert mass effect on the optic apparatus. Although surgical clipping and endovascular coiling of these aneurysms can be complicated by immediate postoperative visual deterioration, endovascular coil embolization has the unique risk of visual complications later (>24 h) in the perioperative period.
With the objective of investigating the utility of CXCR4, a chemokine receptor known to mediate glioma cell invasiveness, as a molecular marker for peritumoral disease extent in high-grade gliomas, we sought to characterize the expression profile of CXCR4 in a large panel of tumor samples and determine whether CXCR4 expression levels within glioblastoma multiforme might correlate with radiological evidence of a more extensive disease process.
Arteriovenous malformations of the basal ganglia and thalamus are often managed with radiosurgery or observation, without consideration of microsurgery.
Conflicting perspectives about the diagnosis and prognosis of the persistent vegetative state (PVS) as well as end-of-life (EOL) decision-making were disseminated in the Terri Schiavo case. This study examined print media coverage of these features of the case.
To search for CDKL5 gene mutations in boys presenting with severe early-onset encephalopathy and intractable epilepsy, a clinical picture very similar to that already described in girls with CDKL5 mutations.
Journal of Neuro-Oncology 0167-594X (Print) 10.1007/s11060-008-9693-3
This phase II study was designed to determine the overall survival time of adults with supratentorial glioblastoma treated with the immune modulator, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid stabilized with polylysine and carboxymethylcellulose (poly-ICLC), in combination with and following radiation therapy (RT).
Valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy is an unusual but serious complication that may occur in people with normal liver-associated enzyme levels, despite normal therapeutic doses and serum levels of valproate.
European Journal of Pediatrics 0340-6199 (Print) 10.1007/s00431-008-0833-8
We report on a 6-year-old boy with nephrotic syndrome (NS) who developed Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) concomitantly with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES).
European Journal of Pediatrics 0340-6199 (Print) 10.1007/s00431-008-0828-5
Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN), a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, is present on the surface of tumor cells where it stimulates adjacent fibroblasts to produce matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).
Clinical and Translational Oncology Volume 10, Number 8 / August, 2008 512-514
Abstract In a smoking adult with a lung mass, brain masses are usually diagnosed as brain metastases of lung origin. Nevertheless, differential diagnosis between cerebral abscesses cannot be performed based on clinical symptoms or imaging technologies, and histological diagnosis is essential.
A comprehensive evaluation of cranial magnetic resonance imagings (MRIs) of 23 patients with intracranial hypotension (IH) was performed, and the evolution of the abnormalities on follow-up MRIs was correlated with the clinical outcome.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 22, Issue 4 August 2008 , pages 535 - 541
Selective amygdalohippocampectomy (SelAH) is now widely used in the surgical treatment of patients with medically intractable medial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE).
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 22, Issue 4 August 2008 , pages 497 - 507
Raised body temperature is a common occurrence after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). It is widely accepted that experimental evidence points to a harmful effect of raised temperature both during and after TBI.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 22, Issue 4 August 2008 , pages 529 - 534
Abstract
A wide range of treatment modalities are employed in the treatment of chronic subdural haematoma (CSDH). A rational and evidence-based treatment strategy has the potential to optimise treatment for the individual patient and save resources.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 22, Issue 4 August 2008 , pages 520 - 528
Although increasingly used, the precise role of radiotherapy in the management of meningiomas is still disputed. The objective of this study, therefore, was to appraise the evidence for adjuvant radiotherapy in benign and atypical intracranial meningiomas, and to compare and contrast it with the current opinion and practice of neurosurgeons in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 22, Issue 4 August 2008 , pages 557 - 562
Malignant gliomas are the commonest primary brain tumours in adults and harbour a dismal prognosis. So far, established parameters with predictive significance for prognosis do not include the neurological functional assessment of patients.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 22, Issue 4 August 2008 , pages 1 - 12
Throughout the ages, art and neuroscience have had a delicate yet definite relationship with reciprocal influence. By virtue of their superior power of observation, artists have often preserved neurological signs through detailed brush strokes or meticulous carvings long before it is described in scientific literature.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 22, Issue 4 August 2008 , pages 508 - 519
Continuous infusion of intrathecal baclofen (ITB) via a subcutaneously implanted pump has developed over the last 20 years as a powerful tool in the management of spasticity in various adult and paediatric neurological conditions.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 22, Issue 4 August 2008 , pages 575 - 577
Infantile myofibromatosis (IM) is a rare pathological entity characterized by solitary or multiple nodular skin, soft tissues or bony lesions. Craniovertebral (CV) junction lesions are rare.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 22, Issue 4 August 2008 , pages 486 - 496
Temperature has a major effect on survival in all animal species. Despite wide variations in climate, organ temperature is regulated 'tightly' by homeostatic mechanisms controlling heat production and conservation, as well as heat loss.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 22, Issue 4 August 2008 , pages 580 - 581
We present the case of a 28-year-old man with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhoea due to aqueduct stenosis and a pulsion diverticulum of the lateral ventricle into the frontal air sinus. He was successfully treated with an endoscopic third ventriculostomy and open repair of the defect.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 22, Issue 4 August 2008 , pages 582 - 584
We present a case of two separate closed parietal meningoceles without communication to the CNS and not in the midline. This is the first such case reported in the literature.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 22, Issue 4 August 2008 , pages 599 - 601
The authors describe a novel approach to stereotactic biopsy of lesions of the lateral pons and medial cerebellar peduncle, and its diagnostic success without morbidity. A contralateral approach laterally expands the accessible infratentorial area. It may also confer a theoretical reduction in neurological deficit with passage through non-dominant right hemisphere.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 22, Issue 4 August 2008 , pages 578 - 579
We describe 8 years follow-up of a case of arachnoid cyst developing after spinal subarachnoid haemorrhage. The cyst was removed by hemilaminectomy; an arachnoid cyst of the same size was again observed by MRI 2 weeks later. We suggest that conservative approach could be the best choice.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 22, Issue 4 August 2008 , pages 596 - 598
We report a case of brain abscess due to multiple pathogens including Entamoeba species, Eikenella corrodens and Prevotella species. Patient had odontogenic infection without any site of amoebic infestation. Complete recovery was achieved with surgical treatment and antimicrobial therapy.
Delirium is a common disorder in the early phase of stroke. Given the presumed cholinergic deficiency in delirium, we tested treatment with the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor rivastigmine.
The liver X receptors (LXRs) belong to the nuclear receptor superfamily and act as transcriptional regulators of cholesterol metabolism in several tissues. Recent work also has identified LXRs as potent antiinflammatory molecules in macrophages and other immune cells.
The mammalian brain and spinal cord contain heterogeneous populations of cycling, immature cells. These include cells with stem cell-like properties as well as progenitors in various stages of early glial differentiation.
The purpose of this retrospective study was to report the morphological characteristics and results of surgical and endovascular treatment of basilar artery (BA) trunk saccular aneurysms.
Since the underlying mechanisms of febrile seizure (FS) having multi-factorial aetiology yet remains unclear, we conducted this prospectively designed cross-sectional study to determine if there was any simultaneous change in zinc (Zn) concentration (conc.) in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) among the FS children in comparison to their matched non-seizure febrile (NSF) peers.
The purpose of the current study was to examine overall survival (OS) and time to local failure (LF) in patients who received salvage stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for recurrent brain metastases (BM) after initial management that included whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT).
Intracranial haemorrhages (ICH) in children with haemophilia are rare, and the outcome is variable, ranging from no apparent impairment to death. The aim of this investigation was to identify if children with haemophilia and ICH, have any long-term problems with motor function, visual motor integration or strengths and difficulties compared with a control group.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis First Published on: 16 September 2008
We improved standard treatment approaches by systematically addressing cognitive and behavioral change in association with frontal and temporal dysfunction in ALS. We evaluated the profile of inchange 198 ALS patients with a 20-minute screen exam.
Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine September 2008 Volume 9, Number 3
The purpose of this study was to compare measures of lesion volume obtained by means of 1.5-T MR imaging to those obtained by the Cavalieri method, 6 weeks after experimental spinal cord injury.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis First Published on: 16 September 2008
With non-invasive functional imaging techniques, neuroscience has reached a new era of connecting anatomy and function. Although other techniques bear the advantage of either higher temporal or spatial resolution, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is the most widely used non-invasive brain imaging technique.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis First Published on: 16 September 2008
An abnormally elevated level of resting energy expenditure (REE, measured by indirect calorimetry) has been reported in a subset of patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (SALS).
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis First Published on: 16 September 2008
The increased incidence of ALS in military veterans of the first Persian Gulf War raised speculation that they may have a 'Persian Gulf' variant of ALS with atypical clinical features.
Journal of Neurosurgery September 2008 Volume 9, Number 3
Although there has been considerable experience with anterior approaches to ventral intradural, extramedullary, and pial-based spinal lesions, there is no information in the literature regarding the safety and feasibility of the resection of an intramedullary tumor via an anterior approach.
Canadian Journal of Cardiology September 2008, Volume 24 Issue 9: 705-708
Statin therapy in patients with coronary artery disease or in those at risk for cardiovascular disease is associated with a reduced incidence of ischemic stroke.
Pediatric Emergency Care. 24(9):621-623, September 2008
Cranial nerve lessions often accompany head trauma. Nevertheless, isolated involvement of the sixth nerve without any cranial or cervical fracture is rare. Nerve injury could occur at the sites of the dural entry points and at the petrous apex during down- or upward movement of the brain caused by violent linear force to the head.
Journal of Neurosurgery September 2008 Volume 109, Number 3
The WingSpan stent is a new self-expandable neurovascular stent designed for endovascular treatment of intracranial atheromatous lesions. The authors report their experience with the use of this stent for the endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms.
Journal of Neurosurgery September 2008 Volume 109, Number 3
The association of vitreous and/or subhyaloid hemorrhage with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has been frequently identified since the original description by Terson in 1900. In this prospective clinical study the authors examined the actual incidence of Terson hemorrhage in patients suffering aneurysmal SAH, they attempted to identify those parameters that could predispose its development, and they evaluated its prognostic significance in the overall patients' outcome.
Journal of Neurosurgery September 2008 Volume 109, Number 3
Melanocytomas are rare tumors of the central nervous system that are believed to arise from leptomeningeal melanocytes. A young girl presented with a contrast-enhancing cystic mass in the temporal horn of the left lateral ventricle.
Journal of Neurosurgery September 2008 Volume 109, Number 3
The authors report a rare case of pial single-channel arteriovenous fistula presenting with significant brain edema. A 51-year-old woman was admitted with a 5-day history of headache and nausea, followed by consciousness disturbance.
Future Neurology, Volume 3, Number 5, September 2008 , pp. 537-550(14)
It is common knowledge that ischemic stroke has major social and economic consequences. However, until now, translation of experimental studies into clinical reality has been sorely lacking.
Journal of Neurosurgery September 2008 Volume 109, Number 3
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with depressed aerobic metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction. Normobaric hyperoxia (NBH) has been suggested as a treatment for TBI, but studies in humans have produced equivocal results.
Acta Neurologica Scandinavica Published Online: 16 Sep 2008
To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of the treatment with valproic acid (VPA) in patients with status epilepticus (SE) or acute repetitive seizures (ARS) comparing it with phenytoin (PHT) treatment.
Journal of Neurosurgery September 2008 Volume 109, Number 3
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) induces cerebral vascular dysfunction reflected in altered responses to vasodilators such as acetylcholine and hypercapnia.
Acta Neurologica Scandinavica Published Online: 16 Sep 2008
Hypertension has been associated with impaired cognition. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy were applied to assess white matter abnormalities in treated vs untreated hypertension and if these correlated with neuropsychological performance.
Journal of Neurosurgery September 2008 Volume 109, Number 3
The goal of this study is to review the surgical management and outcome of patients who were treated for large orbitocranial osteomas at Gulhane Military Medical Academy over a period of 7 years.
Journal of Neurosurgery September 2008 Volume 109, Number 3
Arteriovenous malformations are generally considered to be cured following angiographically proven complete resection. However, rare instances of AVM recurrence despite negative findings on postoperative angiography have been reported in both children and adults.
NEJM Volume 359:1225-1237 September 18, 2008 Number 12
Prolonged lowering of blood pressure after a stroke reduces the risk of recurrent stroke. In addition, inhibition of the renin–angiotensin system in high-risk patients reduces the rate of subsequent cardiovascular events, including stroke. However, the effect of lowering of blood pressure with a renin-angiotensin system inhibitor soon after a stroke has not been clearly established.
NEJM Volume 359:1238-1251 September 18, 2008 Number 12
Recurrent stroke is a frequent, disabling event after ischemic stroke. This study compared the efficacy and safety of two antiplatelet regimens - aspirin plus extended-release dipyridamole (ASA-ERDP) versus clopidogrel.
The two most commonly used aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage grading scales are the Hunt and Hess and World Federation of Neurological Societies scales.
An intracranial aneurysm that hemorrhages into the subintimal layer of the blood vessel is a rare clinical entity. Such a hemorrhage is distinct from dissecting aneurysms or pseudoaneurysms of the cerebral circulation and may represent an aneurysm in the process of rupturing.
Long-term follow-up studies in patients with brain arteriovenous malformations (AVM) have been scarce and without proper statistical estimates of mortality.
Thromboembolism is one of the most common and serious complications associated with the endovascular embolization of intracranial aneurysms. We report our clinical experiences with intra-arterial tirofiban infusion during aneurysm embolization.
The reasons for neuropsychological deficits after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are fairly unknown. Cholinergic basal forebrain (BFB) neurons are essential for attention, memory, and emotion. We investigated possible changes in the cholinergic BFB and its hippocampal and neocortical terminals after experimental SAH.
Critical Pathways in Cardiology: A Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine. 7(3):173-177, September 2008
In January 2005, the Massachusetts Department of Public Health announced the designation of approved hospitals as Primary Stroke Services (PSS), based on verifiable demonstration of care pathways for acute ischemic stroke.
Journal of Oncology Volume 2008 (2008), Article ID 942618, 4 pages
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) carries a dismal prognosis despite the current standard of multimodality treatments. Recent studies showed promising results to a regimen consisting of a VEGF inhibitor, (bevacizumab) and a topoisomerase I inhibitor (irinotecan) [BI] in recurrent GBM.
To characterize patterns and determinants of normal and abnormal cognitive development in children with new onset epilepsy compared to healthy controls.
Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) patients show reduced breathing drive during sleep, decreased hypoxic and hypercapnic ventilatory responses, and autonomic and affective deficits, suggesting both brainstem and forebrain injuries.
Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology. 21(5):537-543, October 2008
The purpose of this review is to summarize current approaches to the anesthetic management of functional neurosurgery and to describe the application of an [alpha]-2-adrenergic agonist dexmedetomidine in the anesthetic management of functional neurosurgical procedures.
The sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) is an accessory inspiratory muscle, but it is not investigated systematically in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
Electromyography (EMG) is considered a relatively safe procedure based primarily on clinical experience. Literature review reveals few reported complications from bleeding or hematoma formation. No evidence-based guidelines exist for EMG procedures in patients who are taking anticoagulant or antiplatelet medications.
Transplantation. 86(5):647-651, September 15, 2008
Prognostic implications of cryptococcal antigen and outcomes associated with central nervous system (CNS) cryptococcal lesions in solid organ transplant recipients have not been fully defined.
Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) is a surrogate marker of subclinical atherosclerosis and a strong predictor of stroke and myocardial infarction. The object of this study was to determine the association between carotid IMT and 702 single nucleotide polymorphisms in 145 genes.
Complications after stroke have been shown to impede rehabilitation, lead to poor functional outcome, and increase cost of care. This inception cohort study sought to investigate the prevalence of immobility-related complications during the first year after severely disabling stroke in relation to functional independence and place of residence.
The extent of variation in the interventional treatment of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) is unknown, so we explored patterns of treatment at 4 neuroscience centers in one European country.
We describe the clinical, diagnostic, and outcome features of a cohort of white patients with idiopathic moyamoya disease treated in a German institution.
Stroke doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.521203
Previous studies suggested a male predominance in childhood ischemic stroke, mirroring gender differences in adults but were limited by small sample sizes or unconfirmed diagnoses. We sought to study gender within a large international series of confirmed cases of pediatric ischemic stroke.
Telemedicine is increasingly used to provide acute stroke expertise for hospitals without full-time neurological services. Teleconsulting through mobile laptop computers may offer more flexibility compared with hospital-based services, but concerns about quality and technical reliability remain.
Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases First Published on: 29 August 2008
Three patients presented seizures during ertapenem therapy. They were classified as probably-related in 1 case and as possible-related in the others. Convulsions appeared after 1 week of therapy at usual doses with 1 or 2 events, and were observed only among patients with CNS disorders and renal insufficiency.
International Journal of Epidemiology, doi:10.1093/ije/dyn189
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. The burden of TBI is greatest in low- and middle-income countries (LAMIC), yet little is known about patient outcomes in these settings.
To examine the clinical and radiologic findings of patients with developmental venous anomaly (DVA) associated with intracranial haemorrhage but unrelated to cavernoma.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) affects people of all ages, but whether the wide range of age at onset is due to distinct diseases or merely reflects phenotypic variability of the same disorder is still unknown.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:1093-1099
Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) still represents the most feared complication of thrombolysis. Our aim was to review the literature regarding clinical, biological and imaging predictors of ICH following thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:1100-1106
Assessment of patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is predominantly done using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). While the GCS is universally accepted for assessment of severity of traumatic brain injury, it may not be appropriate to rely on the GCS alone when assessing patients with mTBI in prehospital settings and emergency departments.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:1117-1121
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) is commonly associated with
Parkinson's disease (PD), and recent studies have suggested that RBD in PD is associated with increased cognitive impairment, waking EEG slowing, autonomic impairment and lower quality of life on mental health components.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:1180-1185
The model of care for patients with mild-to-moderate head injury and CT-detected lesions that do not require an immediate intervention is a matter of debate.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:1110-1116
The aim of this PET H215O study was to determine the changes in brain activation pattern related to this unconscious increase in motor speed observed in the context of urgency in patients with PD.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:1128-1133
Aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) can be associated with acute global and regional decrease in cerebral perfusion. Furthermore, cerebral vasospasm may lead to development of delayed ischaemic deficits.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:1144-1147
Differentiating between first seizure, epilepsy and a non-epileptic event is a challenging clinical exercise for many physicians as it may lead to different therapeutic implications.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:1159
A 68-year-old woman with no history of headache, hypertension or medications consulted our hospital for general malaise. No abnormalities were detected in any examination.
Spinal Cord advance online publication 16 September 2008; doi: 10.1038/sc.2008.114
To examine the relationship between body image and leisure time physical activity (LTPA) among men with spinal cord injury (SCI). Specifically, to examine the moderating function of the perceived impact of body image on quality of life (QOL).
Since Korsakoff's (1889/1955) first descriptions of confabulation at the end of the 19th century, all attempts to understand this neuropsychological disorder have focused on memory dysfunctions.
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