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American Journal of Neuroradiology 28:1455-1461, September 2007
MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) and dynamic susceptibility-contrast MR imaging
(DSC-MR imaging) are functional in vivo techniques for assessing tumor metabolism and vasculature characteristics. Because tumor hypoxia is influenced by tortuous, degraded, swollen, and angiogenic tumor vasculature, regions of abnormal perfusion parameters should coexist with changes in lactate and creatine metabolite levels.
V24-invariant natural killer T (NKT) cells are potentially important for antitumor immunity. We and others have previously demonstrated positive associations between NKT cell presence in primary tumors and long-term survival in distinct human cancers.
Journal of Neuro-Oncology, Volume 84, Number 1, August 2007 , pp. 31-37(7)
The prognosis of malignant gliomas remains poor, despite the progress of surgery and radiotherapy. Chemotherapy has been shown to prolong an overall survival, but the benefits are still small.
Journal of Neuro-Oncology, Volume 84, Number 1, August 2007 , pp. 71-77(7)
To evaluate if timing of chemotherapy with Temozolomide (TMZ) was able to modify the outcome of glioblastoma
(GBM), we analyzed two comparable series of supratentorial GBM patients, treated with surgery and radiotherapy, in which the administration of TMZ has been performed in the first group at first relapse and in the second group in newly diagnosed cases.
Journal of Neuro-Oncology, Volume 84, Number 1, August 2007 , pp. 63-69(7)
To explore the usefulness of multivoxel 3D proton MR spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in assessing the recurrent contrast-enhancing areas at the site of the previously treated
gliomas.
Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics 2007 Volume : 3 Issue : 2 Page : 102-104
Ependymoma are rare glial neoplasm, it rarely metastasize outside the central nervous system. We present a case of anaplastic ependymoma with extraneural metastases with review of literature. A ten-year-old male child presented with anaplastic ependymoma of choroid plexus and treated with craniospinal radiotherapy in 1998. He had intracranial recurrence in 2004, confirmed by biopsy.
Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention 16, 1730-1734, September 1, 2007
Evidence for familial aggregation of glioma has been documented in both case-control and cohort studies and occurs apart from the well-described rare inherited genetic syndromes involving
glioma: neurofibromatosis type 1 and 2, tuberous sclerosis, Turcot's syndrome, and
Li-Fraumeni syndrome.
Journal of Virology, October 2007, p. 10729-10741, Vol. 81, No. 19
Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders. Identification of possible therapeutic tools is important in the search for a potential treatment for these diseases. Congo red is an azo dye that has been used for many years to detect abnormal prion protein in the brains of diseased patients or animals.
Journal of Virology, October 2007, p. 10424-10436, Vol. 81, No. 19
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the leading viral cause of birth defects, affecting primarily the central nervous system (CNS). To further understand this CNS pathology, cells from glioblastoma cell lines T98G and A172, the astrocytic glioblastoma cell line CCF-STTG1
(CCF), and the neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y (SY5Y) were infected with
HCMV.
Journal of Neuro-Oncology, Volume 84, Number 1, August 2007 , pp. 41-47(7)
Atypical and anaplastic meningiomas frequently recur in the relatively short-term after surgery. We have followed such postoperative cases by short-interval repeated MRI and have performed stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for progressive tumors as a salvage therapy.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 28:1602-1605, September 2007
A common isolated reported finding in brain imaging studies on developmentally delayed children is delayed
myelination. We hypothesized that brain MR imaging scans of these children would show delayed subcortical myelination of white matter with specific involvement of the subcortical U-fibers as these represent terminal zones of myelination and are the last areas to
myelinate.
Elevated serum calcium levels at admission in patients with stroke have been associated with less severe clinical deficits and with better outcomes; however, the relationship between serum calcium levels and volumetric measurement of cerebral infarct size on neuroimaging has not been studied, to our knowledge.
Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics Year : 2007 Volume : 3 Issue : 2 Page : 121-123
This study was mainly framed to study the difference in tumor volumes as seen on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance
(MR) and their significance in planning.
Journal of Biological Rhythms, Vol. 22, No. 3, 246-258 (2007)
Work-related operations requiring extended wake durations, night, or rotating shifts negatively affect worker neurobehavioral performance and health. These types of work schedules are required in many industries, including the military, transportation, and health care. These industries are increasingly using or considering the use of mathematical models of neurobehavioral performance as a means to predict the neurobehavioral deficits due to these operational demands, to develop interventions that decrease these deficits, and to provide additional information to augment existing decision-making processes.
Here I have reviewed how good luck, bad luck and barriers determined my research directions in stroke over the last 30 or so years. Good luck should be exploited, and very often barriers can be not just overcome but put to good use as well. It is crucial for the young researcher to find mentors as good as I have had, and to move around to gain a broad experience, and for the experienced researchers to bring on the younger generation as I have tried to do.
Sublethal injury induces tolerance to a subsequent lethal insult, a phenomenon termed preconditioning (PC). PC occurs within hours (early tolerance) or days (delayed tolerance) after the inducing stimulus. In the brain, delayed tolerance has been studied extensively, but very little is known about early tolerance. We investigated whether the proinflammatory agent lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a well-established inducer of delayed tolerance, can also induce early tolerance and, if so, whether nitric oxide (NO) is involved in its mechanisms.
Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy
(CADASIL) is a hereditary arteriopathy, which mainly involves the brain causing stroke and dementia. Mice expressing the mutated protein display early dysfunction in vasoreactivity in resistance arteries, but studies of patients have been inconclusive so far.
Genomewide DNA linkage analysis identified a susceptibility locus for intracranial aneurysm (IA) on chromosome 19q13 in the Finnish population, a region including the kallikrein gene cluster. We investigated the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms
(SNPs) in the kallikrein gene cluster with IA in the Finnish population.
Pediatric Surgery International Volume 23, Number 6 / June, 2007
The concentration of metabolites of neurohormones in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an index of turnover of substances in brain parenchyma. The raised intracranial pressure in hydrocephalic children may cause alteration in the metabolism of
neurohormones. Serotonin and its metabolite 5-HIAA have been studied extensively in CSF of patients with neuropsychiatric diseases.
Haemophilia, Volume 13, Number 5, September 2007 , pp. 552-559(8)
We conducted a review of a single institutional experience of patients with haemophilia presenting with suspected intracranial haemorrhage
(ICH) who underwent computed tomographic (CT) neuro-imaging. We found that over a 9-year period (1996-2004) 43 patients with haemophilia presented 73 times with suspected
ICH: 10 presented multiple times (range: 2-9 times).
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine 20 (5): 499-502 (2007)
The use of valproic acid (VPA) (also known as Depakote, Depakene, and others) frequently results in elevated plasma ammonia. In some people, hyperammonemia may be clinically significant, resulting in hyperammonemic encephalopathy, which may be severe.
Various anticonvulsant medications have been associated with paradoxical aggravation of epileptic seizures in therapeutic doses and toxic concentrations. Lamotrigine has been reported to exacerbate seizures and myoclonic seizures in generalized epilepsy in a child with localization-related epilepsy.
Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, Volume 116, Number 4, October 2007 , pp. 263-267(5)
A child whose left temporal lobe contained mesial, anterior and basal structures but lacked
superio-lateral cortex had intractable epilepsy secondary to a porencephalic cyst. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) shows equivalent current dipoles
(ECDs) as dipole modeling for temporal lobe epilepsy rather than in an exact location.
Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, Volume 116, Number 3, September 2007 , pp. 144-149(6)
Data on the role of Chlamydia pneumoniae in patients with ischemic stroke are inconsistent. We investigated the presence of anti-C. pneumoniae antibodies in young adults with ischemic stroke.
J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 19:249-265, August 2007
This report reviews the state of the literature and opportunities for research related to the cognitive correlates of functional status. The prediction of functional capacity on the basis of cognitive test performance is an important aspect of neuropsychological assessment. Moreover, functional impairment or "disability" is an essential part of dementia case finding.
Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology. 29(9):602-607, September 2007
Low-grade gliomas (LGGs) comprise nearly 35% of pediatric brain tumors and often occur in young children. Many cannot be resected and radiation therapy can be associated with excessive toxicity in children. Centrally located tumors in young children, and those that progress after radiation remain therapeutic challenges. This phase 2 feasibility trial investigated dose intense, sequential chemotherapy in children with
LGG.
Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, Volume 116, Number 3, September 2007 , pp. 157-163(7)
In this study a cancellation task in a virtual environment was applied to describe the pattern of search and the kinematics of hand movements in eight patients with right hemisphere stroke.
Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases 12 September 2007
In 2002, two cases of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) were diagnosed in inhabitants of a tick endemic area on the island of
Aspö in south-east Sweden. During the previous 25 y, only 2 other cases of TBE had been diagnosed in that region of Sweden. To investigate the presence and evolution of seroprevalence of antibodies to TBE virus
(TBEV), we compared inhabitants' anti-TBEV immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels in blood samples drawn in 1991 and 2002.
Molecular Cancer Research 5, 891-897, September 1, 2007
In a previously published insertional mutagenesis screen for candidate brain tumor genes in the mouse using a Moloney mouse leukemia virus encoding platelet-derived growth factor
(PDGF)-B, the Sox10 gene was tagged in five independent tumors. The proviral integrations suggest an enhancer effect on Sox10. All Moloney murine leukemia
virus/PDGFB tumors had a high protein expression of Sox10 independently of malignant grade or tumor type.
The term vasospasm is commonly used to describe constriction of cerebral blood vessels after subarachnoid hemorrhage which results in the restriction of blood flow and ischemia in affected portions of the brain.
Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, Volume 51, Number 9, October 2007 , pp. 1273-1276(4)
This report addresses whether intracranial pulse pressure amplitudes are associated with brain energy metabolism, examined by intracerebral
microdialysis. We present a 65-year-old female with an aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage
(SAH) from a left posterior communicating artery (PCOM) aneurysm.
Traumatic aneurysms of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) were retrospectively reviewed in an effort to identify patients at high risk of ACA aneurysm.
Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology, Volume 133, Number 9, September 2007 , pp. 653-661(9)
Relapsed high-risk neuroblastoma patients still have a poor prognosis. This phase-II trial assessed a new topotecan containing chemotherapy approach in patients with active disease.
Few prospective studies have reported risk factors for intracerebral hemorrhage
(ICH), and results are inconsistent. We studied risk factors for ICH in a pooled cohort of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
(ARIC) and the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS).
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism Vol. 92, No. 9 3611-3617
We tested the hypothesis that the APOB T71I, A591V, P2712L, R3611Q, E4154K, and N4311S polymorphisms associate with risk of ischemic stroke in the general population and performed in vivo human LDL turnover studies of E4154K heterozygotes vs. K4154K
homozygotes.
Several international studies point at the efficacy of bicycle helmets in reducing head injuries. In Sweden, observational studies show that from 1988 to 1996 helmet use increased in all categories of cyclists. The objectives of this study were to analyse the trends of bicycle-related head injuries based on their main diagnosis and external cause of injury by different age groups.
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 14, Number 9, September 2007 , pp. 1022-1028(7)
The aim of this study was to assess cardiac autonomic control in patients with epilepsy before and after withdrawal of antiepileptic drugs
(AEDs). The study was prospective, randomized and double blinded. Spectral analysis of heart rate variability
(HRV) in 24 h ECG-registration before and after withdrawal of AEDs was used to assess autonomic cardiac control.
Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology, Volume 133, Number 9, September 2007 , pp. 627-633(7)
The aim of this study was to assess glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase
(GRx) and protein oxidation (POx) levels in patients with glioblastoma multiforme
(GBM) and transitional meningioma (TM) and to compare with normal brain tissues.
PEDIATRICS Vol. 120 No. 3 September 2007, pp. 609-616
Ischemic perinatal stroke is a disorder associated with significant long-term neurologic morbidity. With an estimated incidence of 1 in 2300 to 5000 births, stroke is more likely to occur in the perinatal period than at any time in childhood. The incidence of ischemic perinatal stroke ranks second only to that of strokes in the elderly population.
Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol 25, No 26 (September 10), 2007: pp. 4127-4136
Glioma has been considered resistant to chemotherapy and radiation. Recently, concomitant and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy with temozolomide has become the standard treatment for newly diagnosed
glioblastoma. Conversely (neo-)adjuvant PCV (procarbazine,
lomustine, vincristine) failed to improve survival in the more chemoresponsive tumor entities of anaplastic oligoastrocytoma and
oligodendroglioma.
European Radiology, Volume 17, Number 8, August 2007 , pp. 1968-1978(11)
Craniosynostoses are the most frequent craniofacial malformations. However, with a prevalence of 3-6 cases per 10,000 live births they are amongst the rarely seen diseases and their definite diagnosis thus poses a challenge to the physician.
Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery, Volume 109, Issue 8, Pages 708-712
The authors report a case of cerebellar cavernous malformation associated with moyamoya disease. An adolescent male with moyamoya disease had undergone bilateral direct and indirect extracranial–intracranial anastomosis at 11 years of age, and the course had been uneventful until MRI detected the appearance of a cavernous malformation in the cerebellum 3 years later.
Spontaneous recovery and possible fluctuation in left visual neglect, and its relation to stroke severity, basic activities of daily living
(ADL) and extended ADL were examined at 10 days, at 3, 6, and 12 months after onset.
Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, Volume 13, Number 5, July 2007 , pp. 257-262(6)
A telehealth network based at the Medical College of Georgia was established in 2003 to treat stroke patients in remote hospitals. In the first three years, more than 400 patients were evaluated at nine rural hospitals.
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism Vol. 92, No. 9 3560-3567
The incidence of nonfatal stroke and cardiac events, and prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and cardioprotective medication were compared between cohorts of
GH-deficient (GHD) patients and population controls.
We have shown previously that blockade of epidermal growth factor receptor
(EGFR) cooperates with a pan-selective inhibitor of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) in
EGFR-driven glioma. In this communication, we tested EGFR-driven glioma differing in PTEN status, treating with the EGFR inhibitor erlotinib and a novel dual inhibitor of PI3Ka and mTOR (PI-103).
The aim of this study was to evaluate the blood flow characteristics of intracranial vertebral basilar artery (V-BA) in healthy Chinese adults with transcranial color Doppler flow imaging
(TCDFI) and provide reference values of healthy people of different ages and genders.
Cryptococcus neoformans variety gattii (C. gattii) causes infection in predominantly immunocompetent individuals. The majority of cases present with headache due to meningitis and its natural history normally follows an indolent course.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 28:1489-1493, September 2007
Patients with intracranial hypotension (IH) demonstrate intracranial venous enlargement with a characteristic change in contour of the transverse sinus seen on routine T1-weighted sagittal imaging. In
IH, the inferior margin of the midportion of the dominant transverse sinus acquires a distended convex appearance; we have termed this the venous distension sign
(VDS). This is distinct from the normal appearance of this segment, which usually has a slightly concave or straight lower margin. This sign is introduced, and its performance as a test for the presence of this disease is evaluated.
Amyloidosis is an uncommon disorder that ultimately leads to fatal multiorgan failure. Ischemic strokes have been sporadically described but are not well characterized. The purpose of this study was to review the pathophysiologic relationship between primary systemic amyloidosis and ischemic stroke, and to determine how often stroke is the first defining manifestation.
Although hospital outcome relationships have been explored for a variety of procedures and interventions, little is known about the association between annual stroke admission volumes and stroke mortality. Our aim was to determine whether facility type and hospital volume was associated with stroke mortality.
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 17 (SCA17) is associated with an expansion of
CAG/CAA trinucleotide repeats in the gene encoding the TATA-binding protein. In this quantitative characterization of eye movements in SCA17 mutation carriers, we investigated whether eye movement abnormalities originate from multiple lesion sites as suggested by their phenotypic heterogeneity.
To identify two forms of hemispatial neglect, attentional and intentional, in healthy volunteers using frontal and parietal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
(rTMS).
Elevated serum calcium levels at admission in patients with stroke have been associated with less severe clinical deficits and with better outcomes; however, the relationship between serum calcium levels and volumetric measurement of cerebral infarct size on neuroimaging has not been studied, to our knowledge.
Various anticonvulsant medications have been associated with paradoxical aggravation of epileptic seizures in therapeutic doses and toxic concentrations. Lamotrigine has been reported to exacerbate seizures and myoclonic seizures in generalized epilepsy in a child with localization-related epilepsy.
A 25-year-old woman was admitted with confusion, headache, and vomiting. Physical examination showed disorientation to time and place, difficulty following commands, and neck stiffness.
To determine the efficacy and safety of tadalafil when taken on demand by men with erectile dysfunction (ED) secondary to traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI).
Repair of the injured spinal cord by regeneration therapy remains an elusive goal. In contrast, progress in medical care and rehabilitation has resulted in improved health and function of persons with spinal cord injury (SCI).
The three methods of brain preservation for aortic arch surgery - straight deep hypothermic circulatory arrest
(DHCA) without perfusion adjuncts, retrograde cerebral perfusion, and antegrade cerebral perfusion-remain controversial. Patients in this report underwent surgery solely with
DHCA.
American Journal of Surgical Pathology. 31(9):1363-1370, September 2007
Schwannomas are benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors believed to be composed purely of cells with ultrastructural features of Schwann cells; these tumors are believed to develop eccentrically from the surface of nerves and not to contain axons, other than immediately beneath the capsule. This concept has recently been disputed in cases associated with neurofibromatosis type 2.
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 14, Number 9, September 2007 , pp. 1002-1007(6)
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of disability. Inflammation of the vessel wall following neutrophil adhesion to vascular endothelium may contribute to ischemic damage. We studied the effect of a platelet inhibitor and an angiotensin II receptor antagonist: alone or in combination, on the adhesion of neutrophils to endothelial cell line in stroke patients.
The presence of concomitant hydrocephalus in cases with spinal cord tumors is relatively rare. Here, we describe a case of myxopapillary ependymoma of the cauda equina starting with communicating hydrocephalus in a 14-year-old boy.
Journal of Sleep Research, Volume 16, Number 3, September 2007 , pp. 319-326(8)
The aim of the study was to identify craniofacial and pharyngeal anatomical factors directly related to obstructive sleep apnoea
(OSA). The design and setting was a hospital-based, case-controlled study.
We have previously described the identification of a nucleoside analog transcriptional inhibitor ARC (4-amino-6-hydrazino-7--D-ribofuranosyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]-pyrimidine-5-carboxamide) that was able to induce apoptosis in cancer cell lines of different origin.
Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, Volume 116, Number 4, October 2007 , pp. 226-230(5)
Experimental studies suggest increased cerebral production of inflammatory cytokines after prolonged seizures. Whether a single non-prolonged seizure in human patients is associated with activation of cytokine network is still unknown.
Brain metastasis is the most commonly occurring intracranial tumor whose incidence seems to be increasing. With standard therapy, the average survival time of patients is 8 months, and treatment often leads to neurologic dysfunction in long-term survivors, emphasizing the need for novel therapeutics.
Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, Volume 116, Number 4, October 2007 , pp. 243-247(5)
Although hyperhomocyst(e)inemia had been proven to be a potent risk factor for ischemic stroke, it is still controversial which subtype of stroke is associated with
hyperhomocyst(e)inemia. The aim of this study was to clarify the association between plasma homocyst(e)ine
(Hcy) levels and stroke subtypes according to TOAST classifications based on MRI findings.
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a role in neuronal survival, plasticity and
neurogenesis. The BDNF gene contains a common Val66Met polymorphism; the Met allele is associated with lower depolarization-induced BDNF release and differences in memory functions and brain morphology. We hypothesized that the Met allele is associated with poor recovery from subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Evidence of a causal relation between serum cholesterol and stroke is inconsistent. We investigated the relation between total serum cholesterol and both stroke severity and poststroke mortality to test the hypothesis that hypercholesterolemia is primarily associated with minor stroke.
Adventitial vasa vasorum and plaque vascularization have been established as predictors of unstable atheromasic lesions in
cerebro- and cardiovascular patients. Ultrasound contrast agents provide reliable information on tissue perfusion and microcirculation. We used contrast ultrasound duplex scanning to identify carotid plaque
vascularization.
Information about the expression of atherosclerosis in different arteries is important. The impact of cardiovascular risk factors is artery-related, and the assessment of arterial structure and function in peripheral arteries are increasingly used as surrogate markers for coronary atherosclerosis and the risk of developing heart attack.
PEDIATRICS Vol. 120 No. 3 September 2007, pp. 584-593
Although cerebellar hemorrhagic injury is increasingly diagnosed in infants who survive premature birth, its long-term neurodevelopmental impact is poorly defined. We sought to delineate the potential role of cerebellar hemorrhagic injury in the long-term disabilities of survivors of
prematurity.
Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, Volume 116, Number 4, October 2007 , pp. 239-242(4)
The value of transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography in assessing patients with Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
(IIH) is uncertain. We sought to determine the contribution of TCD to their evaluation.
Increased circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) have been associated with a low cardiovascular risk and may be involved in endothelial cell regeneration. The present study was designed to evaluate the prognostic value of EPC in acute ischemic stroke.
Serum angiogenin (ANG) levels were measured with ELISA in 30 cerebral infarction patients at different time points (within 48 h and on days 3, 7 and 14 after onset of cerebral infarction) and in 20 control subjects.
Infiltration of T lymphocytes is a key feature in transplant rejection and in several autoimmune disorders, but the role of T lymphocytes in traumatic brain injury
(TBI) is largely unknown. Here we studied trafficking of immune cells in the brain after experimental
TBI.
Experimental models of traumatic brain injury (TBI) have been utilized to characterize the behavioral derangements associated with brain trauma. Several studies exist characterizing motor function in the controlled cortical impact
(CCI) injury model of TBI, but less research has focused on how CCI affects exploratory behavior.
Background: Selective cerebral perfusion (SCP) may enhance the neuroprotective benefits of hypothermia during aortic surgery. However, despite its widespread adoption, there is no consensus regarding optimal implementation of SCP. We used a survival porcine model to explore the physiologic characteristics and behavioral benefits of various protocols involving hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA) and SCP.
Urinary incontinence (UI) is a common and distressing problem after stroke. Although there is evidence of new, effective UI poststroke rehabilitation intervention, it is unknown whether occupational therapists
(OTs)' and physical therapists (PTs)' actual practices reflect best practices. We sought to determine the extent to which OTs and PTs identify, assess, and treat UI after stroke and to identify personal and organizational predictors of UI problem identification, best-practice assessment, and intervention.
Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases 28 June 2007
We report the case of a 2-y, 11-month-old boy with G1P[8] rotavirus infection accompanied by acute
meningoencephalitis. Substitutions in both the VP4 and VP7 genes were found in the identified strain. A commonly circulating G1P[8] rotavirus with such mutations might be associated with the pathogenesis of CNS complications, including
meningoencephalitis.
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a member of mosquito-borne Flavividae. To date, the mechanisms of the early events of JEV infection remain poorly understood, and the cellular receptors are unidentified. There are evidences that the structure of the virus attachment proteins
(VAP), envelope glycoprotein of mosquito-borne flaviviruses is very similar, and the vector-virus interaction of mosquito-borne flaviviruses is also very similar.
A witnessed fall backwards of an infant from a sitting position resulted in the subdural hematoma and retinal hemorrhages characteristic of presumed shaken baby syndrome. Violent shaking is not necessary to produce these findings.
Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common primary malignant brain tumor and despite treatment with surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, the median survival of patients with glioblastoma multiforme is 1 year.
Unexpected cases of bullous pemphigoid (BP) have been reported in adult patients with various neurological disorders suggesting a possible relationship between these diseases.
Australasian Radiology, Volume 51, Number 5, October 2007 , pp. 458-464(7)
The purpose of this study was to document how children in Australia with medulloblastoma are being treated and to evaluate the quality of radiotherapy
(RT) delivered.
Australasian Radiology, Volume 51, Number 5, October 2007 , pp. 406-411(6)
Early and non-invasive evaluation of hydatid infestation of brain and spine is of paramount importance, especially in endemic areas. We present a spectrum of imaging findings in neurohydatidosis with a brief review of literature.
European Radiology, Volume 17, Number 8, August 2007 , pp. 2192-2194(3)
Primary calvarial or intra-osseous meningiomas are uncommon lesions often confused preoperatively with other primary or secondary bone tumors of the skull.
European Radiology, Volume 17, Number 8, August 2007 , pp. 2112-2125(14)
Many disease processes manifest either primarily or secondarily by cranial nerve deficits. Neurologists, ENT surgeons, ophthalmologists and
maxillo-facial surgeons are often confronted with patients with symptoms and signs of cranial nerve dysfunction. Seeking the cause of this dysfunction is a common indication for imaging.
European Radiology, Volume 17, Number 8, August 2007 , pp. 2126-2135(10)
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) is beneficial in the lateralization of the epileptogenic zone in temporal lobe epilepsy; however, its role in extratemporal and, especially,
MRI-negative epilepsy has not been established.
It remains controversial whether left-sided valvular thickening (VaT) is a risk factor for ischemic stroke. Little is known about the relationship between VaT and the recurrent adverse event rate in medically treated patients with stroke.
Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, Volume 116, Number 4, October 2007 , pp. 217-220(4)
Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an effective treatment for intractable epilepsy. It is unknown whether acute response is correlated with the amplitude of output current. The purpose of this study was to determine if the output current of VNS is correlated with percent reductions in seizure frequency and response.
Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, Volume 116, Number 3, September 2007 , pp. 137-143(7)
The present study revealed the changes in cerebral oxygen metabolism before and after
ventriculo-peritoneal shunt (VPS) using 15O positron emission tomography (15O-PET).
It has been reported that only half of the non-ambulatory stroke patients admitted to inpatient rehabilitation in Australia learn to walk again [1]. Treadmill walking with partial weight support via an overhead harness is a relatively new intervention that is designed to train walking. The main objective of this randomised controlled trail is to determine whether treadmill walking with partial weight support via an overhead harness is effective at establishing independent walking
(i) more often, (ii) earlier and (iii) with a better quality of walking, than current physiotherapy intervention for non-ambulatory stroke patients.
Chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) can lead to an insidious decline in motor and sensory function in individuals even years after the initial injury and is accompanied by a slow and progressive cytoarchitectural destruction. At present, no pathological mechanisms satisfactorily explain the ongoing degeneration.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 28:1271-1279, August 2007
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of the spinal cord in patients harboring spinal arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) was carried out to evaluate the feasibility of this new technique to determine the displacement of the spinal cord tracts and to correlate morphologic and functional DTI data (fractional anisotropy [FA] and apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC]) with the clinical symptoms.
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 14, Number 9, September 2007 , pp. 971-975(5)
The superimposed clinical features of motor neuron disease (MND) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration
(FTLD) comprise a rare neurological overlap syndrome that represents a diagnostic challenge to neurologists.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 28:1313-1319, August 2007
Cerebral white matter changes, termed leukoaraiosis (LA), appearing as areas of increased signal intensity in T2-weighted MR images, are common in elderly subjects, but the possible correlation of LA with cognitive or motor deficit has not been established. We hypothesized that histogram and
voxel-based analyses of whole-brain mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) maps calculated from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) could be more sensitive tools than visual scales to investigate the clinical correlates of LA.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 28:1384-1387, August 2007
The purpose of this study was to retrospectively compare the packing performance of helical Guglielmi detachable coil
(GDC) 18 (thickness, 0.0135-0.015 inch) with the packing performance of both helical GDC 10 (thickness, 0.010 inch) and complex
Trufill/Orbit coils (thickness, 0.012 inch).
American Journal of Neuroradiology 28:1207-1212, August 2007
Although not useful for the evaluation of coiled aneurysms, CT angiography (CTA) is far superior to MR angiography
(MRA) for the evaluation of aneurysms after surgical clipping. Using the latest multidetector row scanners and optimized imaging parameters, CTA can often effectively depict and follow small aneurysm remnants; demonstrate
patency, stenosis, or vasospasm in the adjacent parent vessels; and provide surveillance of the entire cerebrovasculature for de novo aneurysms after surgical clipping. Despite these advances, conventional angiography remains the gold standard for the evaluation of surgically treated aneurysms and should be liberally used to resolve any cases of diagnostic uncertainty on noninvasive imaging.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 28:1304-1305, August 2007
A patient undergoing coil occlusion of a left internal carotid artery aneurysm was investigated by continuous arterial spin labeling MR imaging to evaluate perfusion territory mapping. Labeling was restricted to the left- or right-sided carotid artery by use of a separate neck coil. Before
embolization, perfusion contrast was largely restricted to the labeled hemisphere. After
embolization, perfusion contrast was created symmetrically in both hemispheres on labeling the right side, verifying sufficient collateral supply.
The purpose of the present study was to determine whether preoperative cerebral hemodynamic impairment and reactive oxygen species produced during carotid endarterectomy
(CEA) correlate with development of postoperative cerebral
hyperperfusion.
Journal of Cardiac Surgery, Volume 22, Number 5, September/October 2007 , pp. 417-418(2)
Cerebral swelling after cardiopulmonary bypass might trigger a critical cerebral consequence resulting from intracranial space-occupying lesion. We experienced a 75-year-old woman who suffered from a delayed left hemiplegia after mitral valve replacement. Urgent diagnostic imaging revealed the presence of a brain tumor with perifocal cerebral edema. Fluid shifts occurring within a few days after the cardiopulmonary bypass, manifesting the focal cerebral edema, played a key role in this unique clinical course.
Cerebral infarction is usually due to arterial occlusion. Prompt treatment with thrombolytic drugs can restore blood flow and improve recovery from an infarct.
Patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy may require intracranial investigations with subdural electrodes. These must be correctly localized with respect to the brain cortical surface and require appropriate monitoring. For this purpose, coregistration techniques, which fuse preimplantation 3D magnetic resonance imaging scans with postimplantation computed tomography scans, have been implemented. In order to reduce localization errors due to the fusion process, we used a coregistration method based on the maximization of mutual information (MI) in 11 patients with extratemporal epilepsy who were invasively investigated.
New England Journal of Medicine Volume 357:874-884 August 30, 2007 Number 9
The Saline versus Albumin Fluid Evaluation study suggested that patients with traumatic brain injury resuscitated with albumin had a higher mortality rate than those resuscitated with saline. We conducted a post hoc follow-up study of patients with traumatic brain injury who were enrolled in the study.
International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 3 May 2007
Awareness may lack in some stroke patients who are not capable of evaluating the nature and severity of illness. Thus, unawareness may have different forms such as
anosognosia, neglect, and alexithymia or unawareness of emotions. In this study we investigated the relationship among
anosognosia, neglect, alexithymia, and cognition.
International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 4 May 2007
Neuropathological studies suggest that the association between neurodegenerative brain damage and clinical symptoms may be stronger in women than in men; therefore women are more likely to express neurodegeneration as clinical dementia. Furthermore, a recent 18F-FDG PET study explored gender differences in the regional cerebral metabolic rate of glucose
(rCMRglc) in patients with Alzheimer's disease and found that, at the same level of severity of cognitive impairment, men showed a significantly greater hypometabolism than women. This suggests that men can compensate more pathology than women.
We present our experience with the treatment of 13 patients with Dandy-Walker syndrome. The common presenting symptom and associated central nervous system anomaly were enlargement of head and occipital
encephalocele, respectively.
A variety of surgical interventions have been recommended for patients with Chiari malformations
(CMs). In this study, we have evaluated the intraoperative findings and clinical outcome in different-aged patients with CMs undergoing posterior fossa decompression.
Although the pathophysiological heterogeneity of stroke may be highly relevant to the development of acute-phase therapies, discriminating between ischemic stroke subtypes soon after onset remains a challenge. We conducted a study of the accuracy of a clinical diagnosis of lacunar stroke in the first 6 hours after symptom onset.
The posterior fossa syndrome (PFS) is a well-known clinical consequence of posterior fossa surgery that has only been reported in a limited number of cases with a nontumoral etiology. It consists of transient cerebellar
mutism, behavioral abnormalities and personality changes.
Even though endovascular coils have been widely used for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms, the cellular and molecular responses of aneurysms to the coils after embolization remain poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to understand the mechanism of apoptosis in aneurysms embolized with platinum coils in the rabbit model of
elastase-induced aneurysms.
There has been speculation that the risk of secondary symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage
(SICH) may be increased after thrombolytic therapy in ischemic stroke patients who have cerebral microbleeds
(CMBs) on T2*-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Because of this concern, some centers withhold potentially beneficial thrombolytic therapy from these patients.
Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 32(9):700-702, September 2007
We present a case of subacute middle cerebral artery infarct, which demonstrates restricted diffusion on MRI and reperfusion hyperemia in the posterior half of the lesion on angiography. Tc-99m ethyl cysteinate dimer
(ECD) SPECT obtained shortly after the MRI failed to demonstrate perfusion defects in the regions demonstrating reperfusion hyperemia on angiography, underestimating the true size of the infarct.
Current Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Volume 18, Issue 2, Pages 107-116 (2007)
Acute encephalitis, also known as meningo-encephalitis and encephalomyelitis, constitutes a medical emergency. While the presence of focal neurological signs and seizures may differentiate it from encephalopathy, the involvement of other sites, such as the meninges (brain tissue) and spinal cord
(myelitis) may make clinical differentiation difficult.
Clinical Cancer Research 13, 5162-5169, September 1, 2007
Neuroblastoma is an aggressive childhood disease of the sympathetic nervous system. Treatments are often ineffective and have serious side effects. Because
resveratrol, a natural plant product, has been reported to have limited toxicity at chemotherapeutic levels, we investigated its efficacy in the treatment of neuroblastoma as well as its underlying mechanism of action.
Insulin resistance and glucose intolerance are highly prevalent after stroke, contributing to worsening cardiovascular disease risk and a predisposition to recurrent stroke. Treadmill exercise training
(T-AEX) increases aerobic capacity (VO2 peak) in chronic stroke patients, suggesting intensity levels that may be adequate to improve glucose metabolism. We compared the effects of a progressive
T-AEX intervention to an attention-matched stretching intervention (CONTROL) on glucose tolerance and indices of insulin sensitivity in stroke survivors.
International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 14 Aug 2007
While depression and apathy are common after stroke, past studies have done little to examine the influence of these two symptoms on functional outcome respectively. This study was designed to examine the effect of depression or apathy on functional recovery after stroke in 237 Japanese stroke patients.
Current Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Volume 18, Issue 2, Pages 86-93 (2007)
Tonic-clonic status epilepticus (TCSE) can be defined as a condition in which prolonged or recurrent
tonic-clonic seizures (TCS) persist for 30min or more. The earlier the treatment is initiated the more easily it is resolved. It is most common in children, mentally handicapped, and those with structural cerebral pathology especially in the frontal lobes. In known epileptics, TCSE can be precipitated by drug withdrawal or non-compliance, inter-current illness, alcohol and drug toxicity, metabolic derangement, or progression of an underlying pathology. The principles of management include rapid cessation of the seizure to prevent primary neuronal injury diagnosis and treatment of the underlying condition, and prevention of relapse with appropriate anticonvulsant therapy.
Journal of Nuclear Medicine Vol. 48 No. 9 1468-1481
Malignant gliomas and metastatic tumors are the most common brain tumors. Neuroimaging plays a significant role clinically. In low-grade tumors, neuroimaging is needed to evaluate recurrent disease and to monitor anaplastic transformation into high-grade tumors. In high-grade and metastatic tumors, the imaging challenge is to distinguish between recurrent tumor and treatment-induced changes such as radiation necrosis.
Somatostatin receptors, especially the sst2A subtype, are present on most
meningiomas. The addition of somatostatin inhibits meningioma growth in vitro in some studies. There have been anecdotal reports of octreotide inhibiting growth in
meningiomas.
Trauma is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity, with traumatic brain injury
(TBI) and uncontrolled hemorrhage responsible for the majority of these deaths. Recombinant activated factor VIIa
(rFVIIa) is being investigated as an adjunctive hemostatic treatment for bleeding refractory to conventional replacement therapy in trauma patients. TBI is a common component of polytrauma injuries. However, the combination of TBI with polytrauma injuries is associated with specific risk factors and treatment modalities somewhat different from those of polytrauma without
TBI.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 28:1388-1390, August 2007
We describe a technique to bypass aneurysm neck using the HyperForm balloon to perform balloon- or
stent-assisted endovascular treatment of complex large or giant aneurysms with very wide neck in which other methods would fail to obtain an access distal to the aneurysm.
Recent concepts about cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation in communicating hydrocephalus
(CoHy), which is also termed "restricted arterial pulsation hydrocephalus," suggest reduced arterial pulsations of subarachnoid vessels with a smaller amount of CSF shifted in subarachnoid spaces during the early systole. The postulated restriction of subarachnoid arterial pulsations in CoHy should induce a smaller motion artifact and reduced local stream effects in CSF in magnetic resonance
(MR) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI).
Measurements have been carried out in six subjects at magnetic fields of 1.5, 3 and 7 T, with the aim of characterizing the variation of T2* with field strength in human brain. Accurate measurement of T2* in the presence of macroscopic magnetic field inhomogeneity is problematic due to signal decay resulting from through-slice
dephasing. The approach employed here allowed the signal decay due to through-slice dephasing to be characterized and removed from data, thus facilitating an accurate measurement of T2* even at ultrahigh field.
EEG-correlated fMRI can provide localisation information on the generators of epileptiform discharges in patients with focal epilepsy. To increase the technique's clinical potential, it is important to consider ways of optimising the yield of each experiment while minimizing the risk of false-positive activation. Head motion can lead to severe image degradation and result in false-positive activation and is usually worse in patients than in healthy subjects. We performed general linear model fMRI data analysis on simultaneous EEG–fMRI data acquired in 34 cases with focal epilepsy.
The accurate mapping of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activations to anatomical structures is critical for fMRI studies of brain organization. In the commonly used functional space analysis method, functional images are realigned to a functional reference image and processed in low-resolution functional space. The average functional activations are then projected into high-resolution anatomical space for visualization.
Simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging
(fMRI) has become a widely used application in spite of EEG perturbations due to electromagnetic interference in the MR environment. The most prominent and disturbing artifacts in the EEG are caused by the alternating magnetic fields (gradients) of the MR scanner. Different methods for gradient artifact correction have been developed. Here we propose an approach for the systematic evaluation and comparison of these gradient artifact correction methods. Exemplarily, we evaluate different algorithms all based on artifact template subtraction — the currently most established means of gradient artifact removal.
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in human brain and has been implicated in several neuropsychiatric disorders. In vivo human brain GABA concentrations are near the detection limit for magnetic resonance spectroscopy (∼1
mM), and because of overlap with more abundant compounds, spectral editing is generally necessary to detect
GABA. In previous reports, GABA spectra edited by J-difference spectroscopy vary considerably in appearance.
The majority of patients with previous ischemic stroke are expected to benefit significantly from long-term statin therapy. However, discontinuation of medication therapy frequently occurs in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of discontinued statin therapy on clinical outcome in patients discharged after an acute ischemic stroke.
Data regarding the association between blood pressure level and incidence of stroke subtype, especially primary intracerebral hemorrhage
(PICH) subtypes, is sparse. This population-based study explored the relationship between blood pressure and the incidence of cerebral infarction, and
PICH, with lobar and nonlobar location.
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