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Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care. 61(3):558-566, September 2006
There is considerable uncertainty about the indications for cranial computed tomography (CT) scanning in patient with minor traumatic brain injury
(TBI). This analysis involves an evidence-based comparison of several strategies for selecting patients for CT with regard to effectiveness and cost.
Craniopharyngioma is associated with increased risk for obesity. The risk is significantly increased after near total surgical intervention and/or radiation therapy. Among 16 patients diagnosed with craniopharyngioma in our center between 1993 and 2003, all but 3 developed obesity after surgery.
Esthesioneuroblastoma (olfactory neuroblastoma) is an uncommon neuroectodermal tumor. Its biological activity ranges from indolent growth to local recurrence and rapid widespread metastasis.
Disability & Rehabilitation Volume 28, Number 19 / October 2006 1221 - 1229
This paper presents a case report of collaborative work between speech and language therapy
(SLT) and music therapy (MT) in the case of an individual presenting with complex communication difficulties and lability caused by
pseudo-Parkinsonian vascular disease.
In our study we hypothesized that statins improve endothelial function in patients with lacunar infarctions (LI). Cerebral and systemic endothelial function was determined before and after 3-months treatment with
atorvastatin.
are few data on long-term cognitive outcomes after first-ever stroke. We aimed to study long-term cognitive transitions, rates of cognitive change, and factors associated with incident dementia and cognitive impairment no dementia
(CIND) 2 years after first-ever stroke.
Recent measurements in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients suggest a primary reduction in brain metabolism is responsible for reduced cerebral blood flow and low oxygen extraction surrounding the
hematoma.
The aim of the study was to evaluate whether leukoaraiosis (LA) is a risk factor for symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage
(sICH) in patients treated with thrombolysis for acute stroke.
Many advances were made in stroke prevention strategies during the 1990s, and yet temporal trends in stroke incidence and case-fatality have not been reported in the United States.
Dizziness, vertigo, and imbalance are common presenting symptoms in the emergency department. Stroke is a leading concern even when these symptoms occur in isolation.
To evaluate risk factors for ischemic stroke by its subtypes may contribute to more effective prevention of ischemic stroke, but few prospective studies have characterized risk factors for specific subtypes of ischemic stroke.
Biochemical markers of acute neuronal injury may aid in the diagnosis and management of acute ischemic stroke. Serum samples from the National Institute for Neurological Disorders and Stroke
(NINDS) recombinant tissue plasminogen activator Stroke Study were analyzed for the presence of 4 biochemical markers of neuronal,
glial, and endothelial cell injury.
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) can be a devastating complication associated with thrombolytic therapy for acute ischemic stroke. We hypothesized that patients with lower prethrombolysis cerebral blood flow
(CBF) were at a higher risk of symptomatic ICH (sICH).
Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) modulates various biological processes. In the present study, we assessed the hypothesis that LLLT after induction of stroke may have a beneficial effect on ischemic brain tissue.
Astrocytes respond to traumatic brain injury (TBI) by altered gene expression, hypertrophy and proliferation that occur in a gradated fashion in relation to the severity of the injury.
Abnormalities in cognition, academic performance and brain volumetrics have been reported in children with chronic epilepsy. The nature and degree to which these problems may be present at epilepsy onset or may instead become more evident over time remains to be determined.
The study of the brain bases for normal musical listening has advanced greatly in the last 30 years. The evidence from basic and clinical neuroscience suggests that listening to music involves many cognitive components with distinct brain substrates.
Statins reduce the risk for myocardial infarctions and stroke which may in part depend on cholesterol-independent
(pleiotropic) vasoprotective effects. Here, we review evidence to suggest that the abrupt discontinuation of statin medication exerts negative vascular effects in patients with acute vascular events.
Ischemic stroke is an uncommon but devastating complication of myocardial infarction (MI). It is possible that delay in the acute revascularization of these patients influences the risk of
peri-MI ischemic stroke independent of size of infarction or residual ventricular function.
In rural America, patients are often first seen at a small community hospital and then transferred to a tertiary care center by helicopter for further care. If acute clinical research were feasible during the aerial interhospital transport, more patients might be enrolled in trials at a critical earlier stage.
We examined cases of severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy (SMEI) for exon deletions or duplications within the sodium channel SCN1A gene by multiplex
ligation-dependent probe amplification.
Double cortex is a neuronal migration disorder, associated with impaired cognitive function and seizures, and characterized by a subcortical band of neurons.
Of 67 consecutive patients with spontaneous CSF hypovolemia (SCH), 11 (16.4%) had subdural hematoma
(SDH). Patients with SDH were older (p = 0.005), more likely to be male (p = 0.035), and displayed longer time to diagnosis of SCH (p = 0.019) than those without
SDH.
We used magnetoencephalography to study contralesional auditory reorganization in three men with chronic unilateral ischemic lesions of the auditory cortex.
The relationship between endothelial dysfunction and stroke subtypes is unclear. We prospectively measured brachial flow-mediated vasodilation
(FMD) in 143 patients with acute ischemic stroke and 40 controls.
We compared clinical features and prognosis of 72 adults with a first-ever seizure presentation comprising multiple discrete seizures within 24 hours to 425 patients presenting with a single seizure.
To use transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to investigate the hypothesis that sleep deprivation increases cortical excitability in people with epilepsy.
To determine the frequency of early neurologic deterioration with infarct expansion
(ENDIE) and poor outcomes among ischemic stroke patients not treated with reperfusion therapies because of rapidly improving or mild symptoms (RIMS) and to study the predictive value of hyperacute MRI in these patients.
We systematically assessed the effects of CSFs on functional outcome and haematology measures in patients with acute or subacute stroke enrolled into randomised controlled trials.
The pathophysiology of vascular lesions after balloon angioplasty remains poorly understood. A major limitation of most experimental studies in this regard is that injury was assessed in healthy arteries.
Appropriate fluid management of patients with traumatic brain injury
(TBI) presents a challenge for many clinicians. Many of these patients may receive osmotic diuretics for the treatment of increased intracranial pressure or develop sodium disturbances, which act to alter fluid balance.
Nutrition in Clinical Practice, Vol. 21, No. 5, 2006 450-461
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common injury among children. Most TBIs are mild and do not require hospitalization. However, whether or not the patients require acute hospitalization, TBIs may have long-lasting consequences.
Predictive power of self-measured blood pressure at home (home BP) for cardiovascular disease risk has been reported to be higher than casual-screening BP. However, the differential prognostic significance of home BP in the morning (morning BP) and in the evening (evening BP), respectively, has not been elucidated. In the Ohasama study, 1766 subjects (40 years) were followed up for an average of 11 years.
The question as to whether there is a clear pathway from SAH to vasospasm to cerebral infarction to poor outcome seems so obvious to neurosurgeons as to make it one not worth asking.
The findings from this preliminary study support similar findings in the coronary vasospasm literature as well as the hypothesis that a predisposition toward cerebral vasospasm may be related partially to genetic factors, which needs to be confirmed in a larger study.
The elucidation of predictive factors of cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
(SAH) is a major area of both clinical and basic science research. It is becoming clear that many factors contribute to this phenomenon.
Cerebral vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia remain common complications of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
(SAH), and yet therapies for cerebral vasospasm are limited. Despite a large number of clinical trials, only calcium antagonists have strong evidence supporting their effectiveness.
In an effort to help clarify the current state of medical therapy for cerebral vasospasm, the authors reviewed the relevant literature on the established medical therapies used for cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
(SAH), and they discuss burgeoning areas of investigation.
Vasospasm following cerebral aneurysm rupture is one of the most devastating sequelae and the most common cause of delayed ischemic neurological deficit
(DIND).
PEDIATRICS Vol. 118 No. 3 September 2006, pp. 961-970
Previous studies have demonstrated that indomethacin lowers the incidence and decreases the severity of intraventricular hemorrhage, as well as improves the cognitive outcome, in prematurely born male infants.
PEDIATRICS Vol. 118 No. 3 September 2006, pp. 951-960
There is an urgent need for a bedside method to assess the effectiveness of neonatal therapies designed to improve cerebral development in very low birth-weight infants.
To prospectively evaluate regional alterations in the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of cortical gray and white matter and subcortical structures that are known to be involved in mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, Volume 12, Supplement 1, July 2006, pp. 43-45(3)
A tele-rehabilitation system has been designed for general use. The service can extend the rehabilitation treatment of patients affected by neurological diseases such as stroke or multiple sclerosis to their home, while under the control, supervision and responsibility of a hospital.
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 13, Number 9, September 2006, pp. 1002-1008(7)
Neurological patient populations are usually described by diagnosis or in terms of functional disability measures but rarely by their clinical syndromes.
PEDIATRICS Vol. 118 No. 3 September 2006, pp. 971-977
The purpose of this work was to assess the long-term impact of childhood lead exposure on the neurosubstrate of language function and brain organization.
European Journal of Endocrinology, Vol 155, Issue 4, 559-566
Hypopituitarism frequently follows pituitary neurosurgery (NS) and/or irradiation. However, the frequency of hypothalamic–pituitary dysfunction after NS of non-pituitary intracranial tumors is unclear.
Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment of Epilepsy Sep 2006, Vol. 12, No. 7: 673-677
To evaluate the effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine, specifically the traditional herbal formulation
Bu-yang-huan-wu-tang, for treating epilepsy stemming from cerebrovascular dysfunction.
Southern Medical Journal. 99(9):1007-1012, September 2006
This paper explores the possibility that bed sharing may carry particular risks for children with special healthcare needs
(CSHCN). Two cases of CSHCN who may have sustained adverse health effects from bed sharing are described.
In view of the herpes simplex virus' neurotropism for the limbic system and the temporal lobe, little is known about potential negative effects of this necrotizing encephalitis on affective functioning and health-related quality of life
(HRQoL) after recovery.
The relation between atherosclerosis and brain atrophy remains unclear in patients with risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Objective: This study was performed to clarify the relation between brain atrophy and carotid atherosclerosis.
Pediatric Radiology Volume 36, Number 9 / September, 2006 940-946
Background In contrast to adults, intraparenchymal haemorrhage (IPH) is at least as common as ischaemic stroke in children. There is often uncertainty about the most appropriate modality for imaging in the acute stage.
Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. Highlights From the 2nd Federal TBI Interagency Conference. 21(5):437-451, September/October 2006
The purpose of this article is to outline the principles of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), to summarize the existing use of TMS as a prognostic indicator and as a therapeutic device in clinical populations, and to highlight the potential of repetitive TMS
(rTMS) as an intervention for traumatic brain injury.
Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. Highlights From the 2nd Federal TBI Interagency Conference. 21(5):403-407, September/October 2006
The purpose of this review article is to discuss the novel dynamics in the area of traumatic brain injury medicine and how rapid changes in biotechnology will influence the lives of persons with traumatic brain injury.
Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. Highlights From the 2nd Federal TBI Interagency Conference. 21(5):398-402, September/October 2006
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important source of morbidity in the Iraq and Afghanistan wars. Although penetrating brain injuries are more readily identified, closed brain injuries occur more commonly. Explosion or blast injury is the most common cause of war injuries.
Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. Highlights From the 2nd Federal TBI Interagency Conference. 21(5):388-397, September/October 2006
Advances in neuroimaging techniques hold significant promise for improving understanding of disorders of consciousness arising from severe brain injuries. We review neuroimaging studies of the vegetative state (VS) and minimally conscious state (MCS), and findings in an unusual case of late emergence from MCS.
Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. Highlights From the 2nd Federal TBI Interagency Conference. 21(5):379-387, September/October 2006
In 1998, an NIH sponsored Consensus Conference on Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Rehabilitation identified 30 different areas of needed research. A comprehensive review of recently generated research knowledge in the field of TBI has shown that a large number of Class III and IV evidence studies have been published, but relatively few of the more scientifically rigorous Class I or II studies.
Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. Highlights From the 2nd Federal TBI Interagency Conference. 21(5):375-378, September/October 2006
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important public health problem in the United States and worldwide. The estimated 5.3 million Americans living with
TBI-related disability face numerous challenges in their efforts to return to a full and productive life. This article presents an overview of the epidemiology and impact of
TBI.
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. 2006;18:1734-1748.)
The abrupt onset of a novel event captures attention away from, and disrupts, ongoing task performance. Less obvious is that intentional task switching compares with novelty-induced behavioral distraction.
Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care. 61(3):567-571, September 2006
Despite clear evidence in critical care that blood transfusion has an adverse impact on outcome, neurosurgical textbooks still recommend transfusion of patients with traumatic brain injury
(TBI) to a hematocrit (HCT) of 30%. There is little empirical evidence to support this practice. The current study addresses transfusion requirements in TBI in terms of neurologic outcome.
Neuroradiology Volume 48, Number 9 / September, 2006
Mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) is a common neurological
(neurotraumatological) diagnosis. As well as different subjective symptoms, many patients develop neuropsychological dysfunction with objective impairment of attention, memory and certain executive functions.
The Clinical Neuropsychologist Volume 20, Number 4 / December 2006 798 - 815
This study examined the capacity of the Seashore Rhythm Test (SRT) and the Speech-Sounds Perception Test
(SSPT) to detect insufficient effort in a clinical sample. Forty-six participants with financially compensable mild head injury who obtained scores indicative of insufficient effort on multiple measures were compared to 49 participants with brain injury who were not involved in litigation.
The Clinical Neuropsychologist Volume 20, Number 4 / December 2006 816 - 830
The present study used a known-groups design to examine the accuracy of the Portland Digit Recognition Test
(PDRT) in the detection of malingering in traumatic brain injury
(TBI).
The Clinical Neuropsychologist Volume 20, Number 4 / December 2006 831 - 847
The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a dose-response relationship between potential monetary compensation and failure on psychological indicators of malingering in traumatic brain injury.
The Clinical Neuropsychologist Volume 20, Number 4 / December 2006 858 - 872
Green, Rohling, Lees-Haley, and Allen (2001) suggested that scores on a test of effort, the Word Memory Test
(WMT), explains more variance in outcome after brain injury than does injury severity.
The Clinical Neuropsychologist Volume 20, Number 4 / December 2006 702 - 715
The construct validity of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status
(RBANS) was investigated in a sample of 210 acute ischemic stroke patients seen on an inpatient rehabilitation unit. Intercorrelations between the six index scores were found to be relatively consistent with previously published work.
Memory for past events may be based on retrieval accompanied by specific contextual details (recollection) or on the feeling that an item is old (familiarity) or new (novelty) in the absence of contextual details. There are indications that recollection, familiarity, and novelty involve different medial temporal lobe
subregions, but available evidence is scarce and inconclusive.
The Journal of Neuroscience, September 13, 2006, 26(37):9538-9547
Brains adapt to new situations by retuning their neurons. The most common form of neuronal adaptation, typically observed with repetitive stimulations of passive sensory organs, is depression (responses gradually decrease until stabilized). We studied cortical adaptation when stimuli are acquired by active movements of the sensory organ.
Australasian Radiology, Volume 50, Number 5, October 2006, pp. 481-483(3)
A 20-year old woman presented with acute right hemiplegia 10 weeks after intrauterine fetal death at 34-weeks gestation (G1P0). A brain MRI showed a typical acute infarct in the left middle cerebral artery territory.
Child's Nervous System Volume 22, Number 9 / September, 2006 1065-1071
Neuronavigation has become a cornerstone of neurosurgery. Navigation systems are categorized into two main groups: those based on preoperative imaging and those based on real-time intraoperative acquired images.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 27:1622-1627, September 2006
Functional MR imaging has been used to study patterns of hippocampal activation that distinguish pathologic from normal memory loss in the elderly population. Our objective was to assess whether hippocampal atrophy confounds measurements of hippocampal activation in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
American Journal of Neuroradiology 27:1782-1787, September 2006
Our aim was to determine whether diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) changes associated with transient ischemic attack (TIA) are reversible or correspond to permanent tissue injury.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 27:1741-1745, September 2006
To assess patient radiation exposure in comprehensive stroke imaging using multidetector row CT
(MDCT) combining standard CT of the head, cerebral perfusion (CTP), and CT angiography
(CTA) studies.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 27:1681-1684, September 2006
Reproducible animal models with appropriate neck size are crucial for preclinical assessment of aneurysm therapies. Our purpose was to determine whether the neck size of
elastase-induced aneurysms could be controlled by adjusting the position of the temporary occlusion balloon.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 27:1612-1616, September 2006
Intra-arterial therapies for acute ischemic stroke are increasingly available. Intravenous therapy (IV) followed immediately by intra-arterial therapy (IA) has been shown to be safe, but such therapy is resource intensive. Selecting the best patients for this therapy may be accomplished with the use of baseline
neuroimaging.
Neuroradiology Volume 48, Number 9 / September, 2006 653-660
The aim of the present study was to determine whether intracranial aneurysms are distended after coil embolization and to evaluate the distensibility of ruptured aneurysms treated with endovascular coiling.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 27:1672-1674, September 2006
The association between the formation of intracranial aneurysms and situations of increased blood flow in certain areas of the brain is well accepted today. It has been seen in association with arteriovenous malformations of the brain, carotid occlusion, and Moyamoya disease.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 27:1712-1716, September 2006
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), a rare progressive degenerative disease, is caused by persistent infection with a defective measles virus. The correlation between the clinical staging and MR imaging is usually poor. The aim of the study was to investigate the role of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in the early detection of white matter damage in SSPE in the presence of normal findings on conventional imaging.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 27:1725-1728, September 2006
Patients who have benign enlargement of the subarachnoid spaces (BESS) have long been suspected of having an increased propensity for subdural hematomas either spontaneously or as a result of accidental injury. Subdural hematomas in infants are often equated with nonaccidental trauma (NAT).
International Journal of Rehabilitation Research. 29(3):237-242, September 2006
Sensory training post-stroke has been favourably reported in the literature for the hemiparetic upper limb. Little is known, however, of the usefulness of such techniques in the lower limb.
International Journal of Rehabilitation Research. 29(3):243-246, September 2006
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of physical therapy on the quality of life of patients presenting with a motor deficit caused by ischemic stroke at the median cerebral artery.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2006;77:1191-1193
To analyse the influence of apolipoprotein (APOE) 4 status on the cognitive and behavioural functions usually impaired after moderate and severe traumatic brain injury
(TBI).
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2006;77:1180-1184
Intelligence was assessed in a group of 74 people with head injury, 16 years after injury (mean 16.77 years; range 10–32 years), and compared with their performance when assessed at an early stage in recovery (mean 1.05 years).
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2006;77:1150-1156
Whether the association between mild hyperhomocysteinaemia and ischaemic stroke is the consequence of a predisposing genetic background or is due to the confounding influence of established predisposing factors remains to be determined.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2006;77:1122-1128
To measure microstructural differences in the brains of participants with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) compared with an age-matched control group using an optimised DTI technique with fully automated image analysis tools and to investigate the correlation between diffusivity measurements and neuropsychological performance scores across groups.
Brain and Cognition Volume 61, Issue 3 , August 2006, Pages 280-285
The functional link between the amygdala and hippocampus in humans has not been well documented. We examined the effect of unpleasant loud noise on hippocampal and amygdaloid activities during picture encoding by means of
fMRI, and on the correct response in humans.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 27:1700-1702, September 2006
Digital subtraction angiography through the central artery of the ear was performed to show
elastase-induced aneurysms in 34 rabbits. Twenty-eight (82%) aneurysms in which common origins of the bilateral common carotid artery
(CCA) were found were well shown.
Brain and Cognition Volume 61, Issue 3 , August 2006, Pages 298-304
The aim of the present behavioural experiment was to evaluate the most lateralized among two phonological (phoneme vs. rhyme detection) and the most lateralized among two semantic (living vs. edible categorization) tasks, within the dominant hemisphere for language.
Brain and Cognition Volume 61, Issue 3 , August 2006, Pages 305-311
When neurologically normal individuals bisect a horizontal line as accurately as possible, they reliably show a slight leftward error. This leftward inaccuracy is called pseudoneglect because errors made by neurologically normal individuals are directionally opposite to those made by persons with visuospatial neglect (Jewell & McCourt, 2000).
Brain and Cognition Volume 61, Issue 3 , August 2006, Pages 262-268
This study examined if subcortical stroke was associated with impaired facial emotion recognition. Furthermore, the lateralization of the impairment and the differential profiles of facial emotion recognition deficits with localized thalamic or basal ganglia damage were also studied.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 27:1766-1769, September 2006
Magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy can be used to determine the side of seizure onset in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Some patients with abnormal MR spectroscopy findings also have contralateral abnormalities, which in some cases have been reported to normalize after temporal lobe resection.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 27:1693-1699, September 2006
Endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms by using detachable coils has become an accepted alternative to surgery. To reduce the rate of aneurysm recanalization after treatment, biologically active
polyglycolic/polylactic acid–covered platinum coils have been proposed.
Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. Technologies of Prognostication. 21(4):334-349, July/August 2006
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is being used to evaluate individuals after acute traumatic brain injury. These studies have shown that changes in certain brain metabolites are associated with poor neurologic outcomes.
Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. Technologies of Prognostication. 21(4):298-314, July/August 2006
This study compared the accuracy of artificial neural networks to multiple regression and classification and regression trees in predicting outcomes of 1644 patients in the Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems database 1 year after injury.
Until relatively recently, critical care practitioners have focused on the survival of their patients and not on long-term outcomes. The incidence of chronic neurocognitive dysfunction has been underestimated and underreported, and only recently has it been studied in critically ill patients. However, neurocognitive outcomes have been the subject of extensive investigation in other medical populations for many years.
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