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Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. Technologies of Prognostication. 21(4):315-333, July/August 2006
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in adults and children. Predicting outcome after TBI is difficult, but it is important for acute management, counseling of family members, and provision of rehabilitation services.
The 'lacunar hypothesis' has been challenged, since small (diameter <15 mm) subcortical infarcts can be produced by middle cerebral artery disease
(MCAD) or cardioembolism (CE), while a larger infarct can occur without evidence of MCAD or CE.
To determine the longitudinal association of poststroke fatigue with activities of daily living
(ADL), instrumental ADL (IADL) and perceived health-related quality of life
(HRQoL) and to establish whether this relationship is confounded by other determinants.
Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. Technologies of Prognostication. 21(4):361-374, July/August 2006
It is becoming increasingly clear that genetic factors modify outcome after traumatic brain injury
(TBI). The best known example of this is the association between the apolipoprotein E4 allele
(APOE 4 [varepsilon]) and poorer outcomes.
Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. Technologies of Prognostication. 21(4):350-360, July/August 2006
Clinicians are often expected to project patients' clinical outcomes to allow effective planning for future care. This can be a challenge in patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury
(TBI) who are often unable to participate reliably in clinical evaluations.
The concept of neural reorganization after brain damage is already well established, and many previous studies have successfully reported the translocation of the neural activation in the motor-related cortices during motor tasks using functional imaging modalities.
Antiepileptic drugs have been reported to affect cerebral metabolism. We performed 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) before and after lamotrigine administration to investigate its effects on cerebral glucose metabolism in patients with
drug-naïve idiopathic generalized epilepsy.
Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, Volume 114, Number 3, September 2006, pp. 157-168(12)
A review of long-term open-label studies was performed with the aim of detecting differences in efficacy and/or tolerability of new antiepileptic drugs
(AEDs).
Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, Volume 60, Number 5, October 2006, pp. 584-589(6)
The aim of this study was to assess the therapeutic efficacy of the serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
(SNRI), milnacipran, on both cognitive impairment and depression in post-stroke depression
(PSD) patients.
Patients with a hemispheric infarct and massive space-occupying brain oedema have a poor prognosis. Despite maximal conservative treatment, the case fatality rate may be as high as 80%, and most survivors are left severely disabled.
Non-randomised studies suggest that decompressive surgery reduces mortality substantially and improves functional outcome of survivors.
Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, Volume 114, Number 3, September 2006, pp. 193-197(5)
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is characterized by abnormal elevation of intracranial pressure without any underlying etiologic factor. Papilledema is the major clinical finding whereas neuroradiological imaging findings are almost always normal.
J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 18:333-341, August 2006
This study aimed to establish the neuropsychological and neurobehavioral profile of individuals who develop aggression following traumatic brain injury. In a prospective cohort study, 134 brain-injured individuals who exhibited aggression were compared to 153 individuals who had sustained comparable injuries but were not aggressive.
Journal of Neurotrauma Sep 2006, Vol. 23, No. 9: 1295-1303
The aim of this study was to quantify the potential reduction in sample size that can be achieved by adjustment for predictors of outcome in traumatic brain injury
(TBI) trials.
Journal of Neurotrauma Sep 2006, Vol. 23, No. 9: 1283-1294
Activin A is a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily and has been demonstrated to be elevated during inflammation and to have neuroprotective properties following neural insults.
Journal of Neurotrauma Sep 2006, Vol. 23, No. 9: 1330-1342
Traumatic brain injury is a leading cause of death and disability in the United States. Pathological examinations of humans and animal models after brain injury demonstrate hippocampal neuronal damage, which may contribute to cognitive impairments.
J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 18:420-422, August 2006
The spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA) can be manifested in neuropsychiatric symptoms. Among 76 SCA patients presenting to a university ataxia center, depressive symptoms characterized SCA3.
J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 18:409-416, August 2006
The relationship between epilepsy and psychosis is not well defined. Sensory gating is a possible endophenotype for psychosis, and has not been fully examined in epileptic patients.
Documentation of the hospitalizations rates following a stroke provides the inputs required for planning health services and to evaluate the economic efficiency of any new therapies.
To use back-to-back diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and PET to obtain quantitative measures of the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) within DWI lesions, and to assess the perfusion-metabolism coupling status by measuring the cerebral blood flow and the oxygen extraction fraction within DWI lesions.
To examine the association between hippocampal volumes, general brain atrophy, and apolipoprotein E
(APOE) polymorphism in patients with a remote traumatic brain injury
(TBI).
To compare the efficacy and safety of rivastigmine (3 to 6 mg/day) vs placebo over 12 weeks in patients with traumatic brain injury and persistent cognitive impairment.
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society (2006), 12: 697-706
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) survivors often report psychosocial and emotional changes, including a diminished capacity for decision making. However, systematic investigations into the nature of the changes have been limited to those patients surviving SAH secondary to aneurysms of the anterior communicating artery.
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society (2006), 12: 657-667
Cognitive impairments in patients with basal ganglia dysfunction are primarily revealed where performance relies on internal, voluntary control processes. Evidence suggests that this also extends to impaired control of more automatic processes, including visuospatial attention.
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society (2006), 12: 609-621
This study examined the impact of childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI) on self-regulation and social and behavioral functioning, and the role of self-regulation as a predictor of children's social and behavioral functioning.
To describe a patient with West Nile virus encephalitis that resulted in opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome with persistent ocular oscillation on electroencephalography during stage 2 sleep.
Antiepileptic drugs have been reported to affect cerebral metabolism. We included patients who were newly diagnosed as having idiopathic generalized epilepsy or who had not taken an antiepileptic drug after the diagnosis was made.
To determine whether amateur boxing and severity of hits are associated with elevated levels of biochemical markers for neuronal injury in cerebrospinal fluid.
Patients with lesions of the right hemisphere often show signs of left-sided unilateral neglect. Left-sided neglect may impair the ability of patients to live independently and entails a poor functional outcome.
Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, Volume 60, Number 5, October 2006, pp. 636-638(3)
A middle-aged man presented with Ganser symptoms. He had been involved in a car crash and was seeking disability insurance benefits. Extensive testing with malinger instruments revealed that he performed below chance on simple memory tests and endorsed a variety of nonexistent symptoms.
Journal of Neurotrauma Sep 2006, Vol. 23, No. 9: 1366-1378
Statins (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA [HMG-CoA] reductase inhibitors) inhibit the rate-limiting step in the mevalonate pathway, conversion of HMG-CoA to
mevalonate, by competitive inhibition with the enzyme HMG-CoA
reductase.
Clinical Cancer Research Vol. 12, 5174-5181, September 1, 2006
Procarbazine hydrochloride (PCB) is one of the few anticancer drugs with activity against high-grade
gliomas. This study was conducted to determine if the maximum tolerated dose and pharmacokinetics of PCB are affected by the concurrent use of enzyme-inducing antiseizure drugs
(EIASD).
Disability & Rehabilitation Volume 28, Number 18 / September 2006 1103 - 1108
Symmetry tendencies in human movement have generally been regarded as a constraint to upper limb motor performance. However, several recent studies have suggested that this phenomenon might be utilized in the rehabilitation of individuals with motor disability due to unilateral brain injury.
The surgical management of occlusive hydrocephalus caused by massive cerebellar infarction remains controversial. The procedures that are more commonly used to avoid progressive neurological deterioration are based on transient external ventricular drainage or the placement of permanent shunt systems
Opinions vary regarding the indications for surgical evacuation of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhages
(ICH) and whether or not penumbra zones surround them.
Glomus jugulare tumors are generally considered slow-growing, benign lesions. However, their pronounced local aggressiveness frequently results in severe neurological deficits.
Neurosurgical resources are concentrated in tertiary referral centers, whereas emergencies identified from district general hospitals are traditionally referred by telephone consultation
(TC). Recent advances in communication technology offer the alternative options of teleradiology
(TR) and video consultation (VC).
Although radiation injury after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), including radiation necrosis (RN), is often treated with surgical resection, detailed outcome data are lacking after resection of symptomatic radiation-injured regions with imaging characteristics suspicious for RN after SRS for arteriovenous malformations (AVM). We present outcomes in seven such patients.
The performance of five newer helmets was compared with the baseline VSR-4 helmet in 10 reconstructed cases of National Football League (NFL) collisions causing concussion. The laboratory reconstructions were conducted to determine changes in concussion risk with newer football helmets.
The Journal of Neuroscience, September 6, 2006, 26(36):9312-9322
The release of glutamate from astrocytes activates synchronous slow inward currents
(SICs) in hippocampal pyramidal neurons, which are mediated by the NMDA receptor and represent a nonsynaptic mechanism to promote the synchronization of neuronal activity.
To evaluate which presentation indices, demographics, and clinical information predict 12-month outcome in poor-grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
(SAH), and to provide a preoperative index of prognosis.
The Journal of Neuroscience, September 6, 2006, 26(36):9130-9134
Elevated levels of corticosteroid hormones, presumably occupying both mineralocorticoid receptors
(MRs) and glucocorticoid receptors (GRs), have been reported to impair synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus as well as the acquisition of hippocampus-dependent memories.
There is no published data in the neurosurgical literature describing the incidence, treatment, or outcome of contaminating a bone flap. We reviewed our departmental experience to determine methods of prevention and assess our treatment strategies.
This study aimed to examine early effects of ex vivo-expanded bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells
(EPCs) on focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Anti-epileptic medications encompass a wide range of drugs including anticonvulsants, benzodiazepines, enzyme inducers or inhibitors, with a variety effects, including induction of cytochrome P450 and other enzyme, which may lead to catabolism of vitamin D and hypocalcemia and other effects that may significantly effect the risk for low bone mass and fractures.
Locomotor adaptability ranges from the simple and fast-acting to the complex and long-lasting and is a requirement for successful mobility in an unpredictable environment. Several neural structures, including the spinal cord, brainstem, cerebellum, and motor cortex, have been implicated in the control of various types of locomotor adaptation.
A VIRTUAL REALITY system has been devised to superimpose a computer-generated rendering of a volumetric target to be surgically approached or resected on a real-time video image of the surgical field.
Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery Volume 108, Issue 6 , September 2006, Pages 576-579
A 68-year-old woman developed right pulsatile exophtalmos in the early course of facial and head trauma. Investigations by visual evoked potentials suggested the presence of a bilateral prechiasmatic lesion. Intraocular pressure rapidly increased and a high-flow carotid-cavernous fistula was evident at carotid angiography.
Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery Volume 108, Issue 6 , September 2006, Pages 543-548
Despite recent literature supporting the likely role of the insula in many functions, the actual participation of this multimodal lobe in the brain functioning remains unclear, i.e. has the insula an essential or compensable role?
Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery Volume 108, Issue 6 , September 2006, Pages 539-542
Traumatic brain injury is one of the major causes of death and disability among young people. Methylphenidate, a neural stimulant and protective drug, which has been mainly used for childhood attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, has shown some benefits in late psychosocial problems in patients with traumatic brain injury.
Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery Volume 108, Issue 6 , September 2006, Pages 549-552
Intravenous thrombolytic therapy has been widely recommended as a standard treatment for acute ischemic stroke in most clinical practice guidelines. However, the experience in Asia is still limited. We report the first prospective case series of thrombolytic therapy in a developing Asian country.
Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery Volume 108, Issue 6 , September 2006, Pages 558-563
Analyses of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and tau protein in patients with hyperacute ischemic stroke, their association with infarct volume, severity of the neurological deficit, the neurovascular status and functional outcome.
Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery Volume 108, Issue 6 , September 2006, Pages 580-582
Peritoneal catheter placement for the treatment of hydrocephalus can nowadays be performed
laparoscopically. We report our experience using a single trocar technique, with emphasis to a modification applied especially for the obese patients.
We present a rare case of cervical dural arteriovenous fistula (C-DAVF) presenting with brainstem dysfunction. We discuss the details of the case and review previous articles on
C-DAVF.
International Journal of Rehabilitation Research. 29(3):195-200, September 2006
Children with physical disabilities generally require more care, attention and direct supervision than children without disabilities. Research demonstrates that these higher care-giving demands are associated with poorer psychological and physical health states for parents and other family members. Assistive technologies may have a role in mitigating caregiver stress and burden by improving functional performance, social interaction and autonomy in children with physical disabilities.
International Journal of Rehabilitation Research. 29(3):237-242, September 2006
Sensory training post-stroke has been favourably reported in the literature for the hemiparetic upper limb. Little is known, however, of the usefulness of such techniques in the lower limb.
International Journal of Rehabilitation Research. 29(3):247-249, September 2006
Stroke can have consequences in all areas of a person's life. If not coped with optimally, this life event will have a deleterious effect on the quality of life. The aim of this study was to improve understanding of appraisal and coping, post-stroke. Ten individuals were purposely recruited upon admission for a first stroke to participate in this qualitative study.
International Journal of Rehabilitation Research. 29(3):255-259, September 2006
The objective of this study was to attempt the analysis of the ground-foot reaction forces in hemiplegic patients in routine gait re-education conditions, with and without supporting this process with typical orthopaedic aids.
International Journal of Rehabilitation Research. 29(3):251-254, September 2006
Spasticity is velocity and acceleration dependent, and it is therefore important to execute physiotherapeutic exercises at a relatively low and constant velocity.
International Journal of Rehabilitation Research. 29(3):243-246, September 2006
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of physical therapy on the quality of life of patients presenting with a motor deficit caused by ischemic stroke at the median cerebral artery.
To evaluate which presentation indices, demographics, and clinical information predict 12-month outcome in poor-grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
(SAH), and to provide a preoperative index of prognosis.
Although radiation injury after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), including radiation necrosis (RN), is often treated with surgical resection, detailed outcome data are lacking after resection of symptomatic radiation-injured regions with imaging characteristics suspicious for RN after SRS for arteriovenous malformations (AVM). We present outcomes in seven such patients.
Neuropsychological Rehabilitation Volume 16, Number 5 / October 2006 579 - 593
Gaining awareness of deficits was explored in 10 people with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury
(TBI) using a semi-structured interview and interpretative phenomenological analysis.
Neuropsychological Rehabilitation Volume 16, Number 5 / October 2006 561 - 578
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between patients' compliance and awareness and outcome of brain injury rehabilitation. Subjects were 98 patients who underwent a holistic neuropsychological outpatient rehabilitation
programme.
Neuropsychological Rehabilitation Volume 16, Number 5 / October 2006 537 - 560
A systematic review of the evidence on substance misuse prevalence in patients with traumatic brain injury
(TBI) and outcomes associated with this population is presented. Building upon an earlier review of the area by Corigan (1995), this review is limited to research published between 1994 and 2004.
Neuropsychological Rehabilitation Volume 16, Number 5 / October 2006 505 - 536
Errorless learning has been shown to be very successful in the rehabilitation of memory problems particularly in patients with severe forms of memory impairment. Much of this research has focused on testing knowledge of specific details studied, ignoring any additional, higher-level knowledge that patients may have acquired during the learning process.
Disability & Rehabilitation Volume 28, Number 17 / September 2006 1035 - 1040
To compare the responsiveness of several functional health status measures frequently used in stroke research, namely the Barthel Index (BI), Functional Independence Measure
(FIM), Frenchay Activities Index (FAI) and Stroke-Adapted Sickness Impact Profile 30 (SA-SIP 30).
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability in the developed world and as a result is the focus of intensive research. Historically, investigators in the field have focused on the effects of energy deprivation on the neuronal population, but, in recent times, as imaging techniques have become more advanced, a greater appreciation of the extent of non-neuronal injury has emerged.
Journal of Psychopharmacology, Vol. 20, No. 5, 690-692 (2006)
Sodium valproate is a commonly used anticonvulsant, particularly in the management of childhood refractory epilepsy. There is a good literature base regarding its haematological effects in this group of patients including the potential for toxic effect on the bone marrow. Valproate is increasingly being used in the treatment of psychiatric conditions, particularly bipolar affective disorder.
Most studies to date support a protective role of physical activity in reducing stroke risk. However, they were not able to take into account combined work and leisure activity.
New England Journal of Medicine Volume 355:928-939 August 31, 2006 Number 9
Saccular intracranial aneurysms, abnormal focal outpouchings of cerebral arteries, cause substantial rates of morbidity and mortality. Recently, major changes have occurred in the way we think about and treat this disease. Previous concepts about the natural history, particularly the risk of rupture of certain aneurysms, have been challenged.
The vulnerability of the brain is considered to be increased after trauma. The present study was undertaken to determine whether intracranial volume insults in the posttraumatic period led to increased metabolic disturbances if intracranial compliance was decreased.
Journal of Neurotrauma Aug 2006, Vol. 23, No. 8: 1185-1200
We provide a critical analysis of the relevance of S100B in acute brain injury emphazising the beneficial effect of its biological properties. S100B is a calcium-binding protein, primarily produced by glial cells, and exerts auto- and paracrine functions.
Journal of Neurotrauma Aug 2006, Vol. 23, No. 8: 1201-1210
Mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) is a major public health problem in the United States. A significant subset of MTBI patients develop persistent and distressing neurological, cognitive, and behavioral symptoms, known as the post-concussion syndrome (PCS).
Journal of Neurotrauma Aug 2006, Vol. 23, No. 8: 1233-1240
Chronic cognitive impairment is an enduring aspect of traumatic brain injury
(TBI) in both humans and animals. Treating cognitive impairment in the post-traumatic stages of injury often involves the delivery of pharmacologic agents aimed at specific neurotransmitter systems.
Journal of Neurotrauma Aug 2006, Vol. 23, No. 8: 1241-1253
Controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury, a model of contusive brain injury in humans, is being used with increasing frequency in mice to investigate post-traumatic cell damage and death and to evaluate treatment strategies.
Seizure Volume 15, Issue 6 , September 2006, Pages 387-392
Levetiracetam (LEV) is approved for use as add-on therapy in adult patients with partial epilepsy. It is apparent from clinical trials that up to 8% of previously drug-resistant patients may be rendered seizure-free by adding-on
levetiracteam.
Seizure Volume 15, Issue 6 , September 2006, Pages 434-442
Aim of the study was to assess the efficacy and safety of levetiracetam as add-on treatment in patients with partial-onset epilepsy in clinical practice.
Seizure Volume 15, Issue 6 , September 2006, Pages 420-427
Neocortical development is a highly complex process encompassing cellular proliferation, neuronal migration and cortical organization. At any time this process can be interrupted or modified by genetic or acquired factors causing malformations of cortical development
(MCD).
Seizure Volume 15, Issue 6 , September 2006, Pages 359-365
Eyelid myoclonia with absences (EMA) and juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) are two separate epileptic syndromes included in the new classification of epilepsies and epileptic syndromes by ILAE in 2001.
Seizure Volume 15, Issue 6 , September 2006, Pages 366-375
An explorative study to assess the value of a model for the automatic detection and characterization of heart rate (HR) changes during seizures in severe epilepsy.
Seizure Volume 15, Issue 6 , September 2006, Pages 376-386
The prevalence of epilepsy in people with an intellectual disability (ID) is apparently higher than in the general population. The outlook for individuals with both epilepsy and ID depends on the presence of any associated conditions. However, there have been few epidemiological studies of the prevalence of epilepsy and associated problems within a representative adult ID population to inform the development of policy.
Seizure Volume 15, Issue 6 , September 2006, Pages 405-408
Hippocampal sclerosis (HS) has been described as a relevant factor for the development of
topiramate-related depression and cognitive deficits. The aim of our study was to clarify whether patients with temporal lobe epilepsy
(TLE) and HS were also at risk during therapy with levetiracetam (LEV).
Seizure Volume 15, Issue 6 , September 2006, Pages 397-404
To investigate the factors, including those associated with ictal scalp EEG results, related to surgical outcome in patients with pathologically proven mesial temporal sclerosis.
Seizure Volume 15, Issue 6 , September 2006, Pages 393-396
To analyse the lateralising value of unilateral manual automatism (UMA), its relation to contralateral dystonia and the hand by which the UMA was performed.
Seizure Volume 15, Issue 6 , September 2006, Pages 416-419
To describe clinical characteristics and lateralizing value of peri-ictal electrode manipulation automatism
(EMA) in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and compare our data with ictal manual automatisms described in the literature.
Seizure Volume 15, Issue 6 , September 2006, Pages 428-433
Levetiracetam (LEV) is a new antiepileptic drug highly effective as add-on treatment in refractory partial epilepsies. In animal models, LEV is effective against absence seizures. A limited number of case reports and series indicate that LEV reduces seizure frequency in patients with generalized epilepsies.
Seizure Volume 15, Issue 6 , September 2006, Pages 462-467
Ictal spitting is rarely reported in patients with epilepsy. More often it is observed in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy
(TLE) and is presumed to be a lateralizing sign to language nondominant hemisphere.
The restricted radiation tolerance of the anterior visual pathways represents a unique challenge for ablating adjacent lesions with single-session
radiosurgery. Although preliminary studies have recently demonstrated that multisession radiosurgery for selected perioptic tumors is both safe and effective, the number of patients in these clinical series was modest and the length of follow-up limited. The current retrospective study is intended to help address these shortcomings.
Experience with gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for prolactinomas is limited because of the efficacy of medical and surgical intervention. Patients who are refractory to medical and/or surgical therapy may be treated with
GKRS. We characterize the efficacy of GKRS for medically and surgically refractory
prolactinomas.
Critical cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) hypovolemia may cause acute postoperative clinical deterioration in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients after craniotomy for microsurgical aneurysm clipping. We sought to identify risk factors for critical CSF hypovolemia and determine this syndrome's effect on clinical outcome.
Intradural pseudoaneurysms have a malignant natural history and can be difficult to treat if parent vessel deconstruction is not feasible. These lesions often involve a long arterial segment and lack a defined saccular component that would safely accommodate the introduction of embolization coils. The current report describes the successful endovascular treatment of these lesions using a strategy of Neuroform stent reconstruction.
The surgical benefit to pseudo-occlusion of the internal carotid artery (ICA) is controversial. Because the benefit of carotid endarterectomy for pseudo-occlusion of the ICA remains uncertain, we examined the use of carotid stenting as a possible alternative treatment for this condition.
Hemorrhagic complications were analyzed in 106 procedures of 99 patients treated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) or stenting for intracranial arterial
stenoses.
Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 14:724-733, September 2006
Cerebrovascular disease is increasingly recognized as a common cause of cognitive impairment and dementia in later life either alone or in conjunction with other pathologies, most often Alzheimer disease (AD). Progress in the field has been limited by difficulties in terminology; for example, use of the term dementia necessitates the presence of memory impairment, which is the norm in AD, but not in cognitive disorders associated with cerebrovascular disease.
Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Volume 8, Number 5, September 2006, pp. 492-500(9)
The aim of this study was to investigate the risk of acute stroke in subgroups of patients treated for hypertension and type 2 diabetes in primary care.
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