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Paediatric neurological chronic conditions are often associated with physical, cognitive, psychological and behavioural difficulties that may affect quality of life (QOL) of children and their families. In this study, we compare parental report of difficulties and rehabilitation in children with various epileptic syndromes or treated for a benign or malignant brain tumour.
The idea of physical trauma being involved in the causation of multiple sclerosis (MS) had been discussed since the earliest description of the illness. Despite the ongoing debate, the proposed association between physical and especially head trauma and MS failed to be proved or to be refuted conclusively.
Journal of Neural Transmission 0300-9564 (Print) 10.1007/s00702-008-0140-6
Since little is known concerning regulation of immunological parameters in rapid changing psychiatric states like panic attacks, we measured cytokines at different time points in healthy subjects, which underwent experimental panic induction using the CCK-4 paradigm.
The types of visual impairment followings stroke are wide ranging and encompass low vision, eye movement and visual field abnormalities, and visual perceptual difficuilties.
The Stroke Cognitions Questionnaire Revised (SCQR) was developed to assess the frequency of positive and negative cognitions of stroke patients. This paper aims to examine the construct validity, internal consistency, test - retest and inter-rater reliability of the SCQR.
Attention is often impaired in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The P300 wave (an endogenous, event-related potential) is a correlate of attention which is usually recorded during an oddball paradigm, where the subject is instructed to detect an infrequent target stimulus presented amongst frequent, standard stimuli. Modifications of the P300 wave's latency and amplitude in TLE have been suggested, but it is still not known whether the source regions also differ.
Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulae are rare, acquired lesions that may present with intracranial haemorrhage or progressive neurological deficits. Their cause is uncertain, although they are often associated with intracranial venous thrombosis.
Chronic meningitis is defined as the persistence of clinical symptoms and signs of meningitis, with or without abnormal cerebrospinal fluid, for more than four weeks. In as many as one third of cases, no cause is found. In the remainder, infective, neoplastic and so-called aseptic disorders may be identified. Important infective causes include partially treated bacterial
(pyogenic), tuberculous, syphilitic, Lyme and fungal meningitis.
Sarcoidosis, Behçet’s disease, vasculitis and drugs are major non-infective, non-malignant causes.
Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal First Published on: 22 November 2008
Previous reports suggest that left ventricular function changes during the course of a subarachnoid haemorrhage. The aim of this study was to evaluate left ventricular function with tissue Doppler echocardiography at two timepoints during the acute phase of a subarachnoid haemorrhage.
Clinical and Experimental Hypertension, Volume 30, Issue 8 November 2008 , pages 711 - 719
Low blood pressure has been found to be associated with cognitive decline and dementia in cross-sectional studies. Two mechanisms have been proposed to interpret this association: blood pressure levels decrease during the course of the dementia process, and low blood pressure induces or accelerates cognitive decline by lowering cerebral blood flow. Results of the prospective studies are contradictory.
Stress is among the most frequently self-reported precipitants of seizures in patients with epilepsy. This review considers how important stress mediators like corticotropin-releasing hormone, corticosteroids, and neurosteroids could contribute to this phenomenon.
The purpose of this study was to identify sociodemographic disparities in health care use among epilepsy patients receiving care at different sites and the extent to which the disparities persisted after adjusting for patient characteristics and site of care.
Vigabatrin used to treat infantile spasms (IS) has been associated with transient magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities. We carried out a retrospective review to better characterize the frequency of those abnormalities in IS and in children and adults treated with vigabatrin for refractory complex partial seizures (CPS).
To examine the nature and determinants (biologic and psychological) of cognitive complaints in first-seizure patients. We analyzed this in the context of our previous findings that a sense of loss of control after a newly diagnosed seizure (limited or pervasive) predicts subsequent psychological adjustment trajectories.
here is a growing movement to assess the quality of care provided to patients in the US, but few studies have examined initial care for epilepsy patients. We examined the relationships among patient race, setting of initial diagnosis, and initial treatment for older veterans newly diagnosed with epilepsy.
To describe the clinical spectrum and to evaluate the efficacy of different therapeutic agents in children with electrical status epilepticus in sleep (ESES).
To evaluate the feasibility and safety of intravenous (iv) levetiracetam (LEV) added to the standard therapeutic regimen in adults with status epilepticus (SE), and as secondary objective to assess a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model for ivLEV in patients with SE.
Mutations that enhance currents through the Ca2+- and voltage-gated K+ channel BK (Slo, maxiK, KCNMA1) have been associated with seizure disorders in both rodent models and humans. Previously we have found that seizures themselves induce a gain-of-function in BK channels that is associated with elevated excitability in neocortical neurons.
Current evidence suggests that the mechanisms underlying depth electrode-recorded seizures beginning with hypersynchronous (HYP) onset patterns are functionally distinct from those giving rise to low-voltage fast (LVF) onset seizures.
Refractory convulsive status epilepticus in infancy and childhood is a rare emergency situation. Metabolic disorders frequently underlie this condition, in particular Alpers' disease caused by POLG1 mutations. Status epilepticus may be the first symptom.
Familial febrile seizures occur in both generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (GEFS+) and autosomal dominant febrile seizures (ADFS). The literature largely separates families with GEFS+ from those with ADFS.
To conduct the first randomized trial on classical and medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) versions of the ketogenic diet, examining efficacy and tolerability after 3, 6, and 12 months.
Medically intractable seizures arising from the sensorimotor (rolandic) cortex present a formidable challenge for epileptologists and epilepsy surgeons. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of surgical treatment for seizures in this region.
In developing countries, neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a common cause of epilepsy. Most of the work on NCC and epilepsy has been compiled in Latin America. To date, comprehensive neuroimaging studies are missing in sub-Saharan Africa.
The Boston Naming Test (BNT) is often used in the evaluation of surgical epilepsy patients to assess left temporal lobe function. In 2005, Busch et al. demonstrated the diagnostic utility of the BNT in predicting ultimate side of surgery in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy.
International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry Published Online: 17 Nov 2008
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by significant motor dysfunction and various non-motor disturbances, including cognitive alterations. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an increasingly utilized therapeutic option for patients with PD that yields remarkable success in alleviating disabling motor symptoms.
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 40(12):2046-2054, December 2008
On the basis of measurement techniques that require steady-state hemodynamic conditions when the measurement of cerebral blood flow (CBF) is being obtained, cerebral autoregulation (CA) maintains CBF stable over a wide range of cerebral perfusion pressures.
British Journal of Anaesthesia, doi:10.1093/bja/aen318
Pain after craniotomy is often under-treated. Opiates carry distinct disadvantages. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have an anti-platelet action and carry a bleeding risk.
To explore the hypothesis that medically attended head injury in young children may be causal in the later development of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Limited data are available on the management of glioma in pregnant women. Therefore, the aim of the current article was to describe the outcome of women with malignant gliomas who were exposed to chemotherapy early in the gestation period of their pregnancies.
We sought to analyze associations between aberrant hematologic counts and adverse outcome in neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) due to various intrapartum asphyxial insult types and to describe the postnatal changes in counts.
Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol 26, No 33 (November 20), 2008: pp. 5443-5449
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection of minimal residual disease (MRD) in neuroblastoma can be used to monitor therapy response and to evaluate stem cell harvests.
This study reviews the application of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to the study of developmental and pathological changes in brain white matter. The ability to measure and monitor such changes in vivo would provide important opportunities for charting disease progression and monitoring response to therapeutic intervention.
American Journal of Hypertension (2008); 21, 12, 1304-1309. doi:10.1038/ajh.2008.291
Stiffening of large arteries increases pulsatile pressure and flow stresses, which extend to the microcirculation in vasodilated organs such as the brain and kidneys.
International Journal of Cardiology Volume 130, Issue 3, Pages 344-348 (28 November 2008)
Little is known about frequency, morphology, and causes of stroke in patients with left-ventricular hypertrabeculation/noncompaction (LVHT). Aim of this study was to find out how many LVHT-patients suffer from stroke, which abnormalities are found on cerebral imaging, and if stroke LVHT-patients differ from non-stroke LVHT-patients with regard to cardiac and neuromuscular abnormalities.
Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) are a heterogeneous group of particles, with small, dense particles being more atherogenic. It remains controversial whether elevated plasma levels of small dense LDL (sd-LDL) are risk factors for stroke.
We examined the possibility that activation of the human brain renin-angiotensin system is involved in enhancement of ischemic brain damage using chimeric transgenic mice with human renin (hRN) and human angiotensinogen (hANG) genes.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:1401-1404; doi:10.1136/jnnp.2007.140715
Motor neglect, underuse of one side of the body not explained by weakness or sensory impairment, is a common consequence of stroke that is surprisingly little understood.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:1399-1400; doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.145276
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a neurodegenerative disorder that usually presents clinically as a combination of parkinsonism, cerebellar syndrome and autonomic failure. Patients with MSA can present other clinical features, such as inspiratory stridor and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorder (RBD).
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:1386-1391; doi:10.1136/jnnp.2007.142679
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a condition that carries a substantial risk of dementia. The exact magnitude of that risk is uncertain because of the variations in the definition of MCI, the setting (such as memory clinic versus community) and, equally importantly, the duration of follow-up.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:1344-1348
There is little reliable population based information about the distribution of risk factors among the various ischaemic stroke subtypes, even though determining risk factor profiles is of major importance to develop targeted preventive strategies.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:1331-1338
Neuropathological studies have reported varying amounts of amyloid pathology in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD).
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:1327-1330
The three-nucleotide deletion, {triangleup}GAG (within the gene TOR1A), is the only proven cause of childhood-onset dystonia (DYT1). A potentially pathogenic role of additional sequence changes within TOR1A has not been conclusively shown.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:1318-1323
Postural instability gait difficulty (PIGD) motor phenotype in Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with a faster rate of cognitive decline than in tremor dominant cases and may be a risk factor for incident dementia. People with PD display attentional deficits; however, it is not clear whether attentional deficits in patients with non-demented PD are associated with (i) PIGD phenotype and/or (ii) subsequent cognitive decline.
Stroke unit treatment is effective in reducing death and dependency after stroke but is not available in many, particularly rural, areas. The implementation of a stroke network with telemedicine support was associated with improved outcome at 3 months. We report follow-up results at 12 and 30 months after acute stroke.
Leptin is an adipose hormone endowed with angiopoietic, neurotrophic, and neuroprotective properties. We tested the hypothesis that leptin might act as an endogenous mediator of recovery after ischemic stroke and investigated whether nuclear transcription factors {kappa}B activation is involved in leptin-mediated neuroprotection.
Ischemia/hypoxia induces de novo expression of the sulfonylurea receptor 1-regulated NC(Ca-ATP) channel. In rodent models of ischemic stroke, early postevent administration of the sulfonylurea, glibenclamide, is highly effective in reducing edema, mortality, and lesion volume, and in patients with diabetes presenting with ischemic stroke, pre-event plus postevent use of sulfonylureas is associated with better neurological outcome.
Predictive scores are important tools for stratifying patients based on the risk of future (cerebro)vascular events and for selecting potential prevention therapy. Recently, the Essen Stroke Risk Score (ESRS) was derived from cerebrovascular patients in the Clopidogrel versus Aspirin in Patients at Risk of Ischemic Events (CAPRIE) trial.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether 74 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which had been associated with coronary heart disease, are associated with incident ischemic stroke.
Size of an unruptured intracranial aneurysm (UIA) may be an important risk factor for rupture. Accordingly, serial noninvasive imaging is commonly used to assess untreated UIA for enlargement.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 22, Issue 5 October 2008 , pages 695 - 696
The concurrent presence of multiple primary brain tumours with different histological characteristics is very rare. A case of dual intracranial benign tumours comprising pituitary adenoma and vestibular schwannoma is described. The aetiology and genetic association of these pathologies is explored and the literature of multiple intracranial tumours of different cell types is reviewed.
Prior population-based studies of pediatric hemorrhagic stroke (HS) had too few incident cases to assess predictors of cerebral aneurysms, a HS etiology that requires urgent intervention.
Neuron, Volume 60, Issue 2, 378-389, 23 October 2008
Decisions are often guided by generalizing from past experiences. Fundamental questions remain regarding the cognitive and neural mechanisms by which generalization takes place.
Neuron, Volume 60, Issue 3, 430-440, 6 November 2008
In this perspective, I review recent evidence that glial cells are critical participants in every major aspect of brain development, function, and disease.
Neuron, Volume 60, Issue 3, 420-429, 6 November 2008
Brain development was thought to be largely hardwired and accomplished by birth, and the brain was thought to have essentially no regenerative capacity.
Spinal Cord advance online publication 25 November 2008; doi: 10.1038/sc.2008.150
Pain interference is an important outcome measure in clinical pain trials. However, after spinal cord injury (SCI), interference caused by pain may be difficult to separate from interference caused by the physical impairment.
Spinal Cord advance online publication 25 November 2008; doi: 10.1038/sc.2008.148
To determine how quadriplegics in the US view tendon transfer surgeries (TTS) and what activities of daily living (ADL) involving arm/hand function are important in improving quality of life (QoL).
A 63-year-old man presented with a single generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Neurologic examination demonstrated left hemisensory extinction and partial left homonymous hemianopsia.
In acute cerebral ischemia, two variables characterize the extent of hypoperfusion: the volume of hypoperfused tissue and the intensity of hypoperfusion within these regions.
Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health Published Online: 19 Nov 2008
Brain abscesses continue to pose a problem in paediatric neurosurgery because the associated morbidity and mortality have remained significant throughout the antibiotic and CT era. The objective of this paper is to report the treatment of 28 children with the diagnosis of brain abscess.
Journal of Internal Medicine Published Online: 19 Nov 2008
To compare lipoprotein components associated with ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke by age and gender in the Apolipoprotein MOrtality RISk (AMORIS) Study (n = 148 600).
Academic Emergency Medicine Published Online: 19 Nov 2008
Enrolling children in research studies in the emergency department (ED) is typically dependent on the presence of a guardian to provide written informed consent.
To determine the involvement of the midbrain and hindbrain (MHB) in the groups of classic (cLIS), variant (vLIS), and cobblestone complex (CBSC) lissencephalies and to determine whether a correlation exists between the cerebral malformation and the MHB abnormalities.
Little is known regarding the cognitive impairment in subjects with early, drug-naïve Parkinson disease (PD). The aim of this study was to explore the proportion with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and subtypes in an incidence cohort of untreated PD in Southern and Western Norway.
Can Fam Physician Vol. 54, No. 11, November 2008, pp.1535 - 1538
Brain imaging, for a variety of reasons, is being performed more frequently in Canada. As a result, an increasing number of asymptomatic unruptured intracranial aneurysms (AUIAs) are being discovered, either on purpose (ie, via screening) or as an incidental finding (ie, incidentaloma).
Neurology Published online before print November 5, 2008, doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000327341.89587.76
Natalizumab is a humanized recombinant monoclonal antibody against very late activation antigen-4 approved for the treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). A phase II study failed to demonstrate a difference between natalizumab treatment groups and the placebo group with regard to gadolinium enhancing lesions on MRI 3 months after discontinuation of therapy.
Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. Focus on Clinical Research and Practice, Part 2. 23(6):414-422, November/December 2008
Children who suffer moderately severe-to-severe traumatic brain injury often fail to develop normal cognitive and affective functioning necessary for independent adult living.
Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. Focus on Clinical Research and Practice, Part 2. 23(6):369-377, November/December 2008
Preliminary report of the efficacy of a Web-based treatment program to improve adolescent and family psychosocial functioning following traumatic brain injury (TBI).
Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. Focus on Clinical Research and Practice, Part 2. 23(6):357-368, November/December 2008
To examine the utility of a cumulative risk index (CRI) in predicting the family burden of injury (FBI) over time in families of children with traumatic brain injury (TBI).
Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. Focus on Clinical Research and Practice, Part 2. 23(6):407-413, November/December 2008
To determine the incidence of olfactory dysfunction after head trauma using clinical and radiologic findings, quantitative assessment, and electro-physiologic methods.
Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. Focus on Clinical Research and Practice, Part 2. 23(6):388-393, November/December 2008
To examine the use of video teleconferencing (VTC) technology in the supervision of a 41-year-old man with expressive aphasia during community reintegration in a host home setting 3 years after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).
This study aimed to investigate the effect of serum albumin at admission, measured within 24 h after stroke onset, on the functional outcome in ischaemic stroke patients.
This single case study investigated the feasibility and effectiveness of a prophylactic intervention for improving academic skills in a child with a brain tumour deemed at high risk for cognitive delay and academic failure because of cranial radiation treatment (CRT).
Critical Care Medicine. 36(12):3233-3238, December 2008
To analyze the effect of tight glycemic control with the use of intensive insulin therapy on cerebral glucose metabolism in patients with severe brain injury.
Ginkgo biloba is widely used for its potential effects on memory and cognition. To date, adequately powered clinical trials testing the effect of G biloba on dementia incidence are lacking.
PEDIATRICS Vol. 122 No. 5 November 2008, pp. 988-993
The goals were to describe trends in pediatric traumatic brain injury hospitalizations in the United States and to provide national benchmarks for state and regional comparisons.
To determine the feasibility of family-focused, modified constraint-induced therapy with children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy and test study procedures in preparation for a randomized controlled trial.
The Clinical Neuropsychologist, Volume 22, Issue 6 December 2008 , pages 1035 - 1053
F.D. exhibited the cognitive and behavioral profile of frontotemporal dementia in the context of spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH). Symptoms included orthostatic headache, as well as cognitive and personality changes.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 22, Issue 5 October 2008 , pages 702 - 704
We report a case of lymphoplasmacyte-rich meningioma (LPM) in a 22-year-old woman who presented with headache, hemiparesis and hypoaesthesia. MRI revealed a meningioma at the foramen magnum region that was resected by far-lateral approach.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 22, Issue 5 October 2008 , pages 690 - 691
A 44-year-old woman presented with a single large extradural spinal lesion, mimicking schwannoma, as the first and only manifestation of sarcoidosis. She underwent total macroscopic excision. Four months later she was neurologically intact, with no radiological evidence of recurrence.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 22, Issue 5 October 2008 , pages 687 - 689
Spinal cavernous malformations are collections of abnormal blood vessels in the spinal cord. They are rare and frequently accompany cranial cavernous angiomas. They exhibit clinical features representing the region of the spine affected by the cavernous malformation.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 22, Issue 5 October 2008 , pages 654 - 662
The purpose of this study was the development of a new method to correlate functional surgery with outcome measures. Lesions following microelectrode guided globus pallidus internus (GPi) pallidotomy for Parkinson's disease are presented to demonstrate this new method in regard to clinical outcome.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 22, Issue 5 October 2008 , pages 619 - 625
The decision to biopsy diffuse pontine gliomas in children remains controversial. There have been many publications over the last 30 years aiming to address this issue. The prognosis for these patients remains extremely poor regardless of treatment and many authors advocate that biopsy carries significant risk for little or no clinical benefit.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 22, Issue 5 October 2008 , pages 626 - 629
The aetiopathology, clinical features and treatment of arachnoid cysts (AC) are still extremely controversial topics. The posterior fossa is the second most common site of these lesions, since they are often detected in the cerebellar or cerebellar-cistern region.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 22, Issue 5 October 2008 , pages 649 - 653
The effect of cisternal drainage and intrathecal urokinase (UK) injections in preventing symptomatic vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage was retrospectively studied in 69 patients with uniform backgrounds with regard to subarachnoid haemorrhage.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 22, Issue 5 October 2008 , pages 675 - 677
Bacterial infection is a major cause of shunt dysfunction. It is well-known that the majority of pathogenic micro-organisms are low-virulent bacteria normally found on intact skin. Probably shunts become contaminated during surgery either by contact to the patient skin, or contact from contaminated gloves or instruments.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 22, Issue 5 October 2008 , pages 678 - 681
Selecting patients who will benefit from a permanent CSF diversion procedure in benign intracranial hypertension (BIH) or communicating hydrocephalus due to normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) has inherent problems.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 22, Issue 5 October 2008 , pages 682 - 683
Neuroendoscopy has never been used for diagnosis-making and removal of large parenchymal viable parasites associated with severe mass effect. Satisfactory and complication-free removal of the parenchymal cysticerci was achieved after neuroendoscopical diagnosis in a patient with parenchymal parasites, with immediate remission of clinical alterations related to raised intracranial pressure.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 22, Issue 5 October 2008 , pages 684 - 686
A 71-year-old patient presented with low back pain and slowly progressive weakness of both legs. Within a few hours after lumbar myelography, paraplegia below level L2 evolved. MR-imaging revealed a discogenic stenosis at level Th10/11. Immediate decompression by costo-transversectomy led to reversal of the neurological deficits.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 22, Issue 5 October 2008 , pages 695 - 696
The concurrent presence of multiple primary brain tumours with different histological characteristics is very rare. A case of dual intracranial benign tumours comprising pituitary adenoma and vestibular schwannoma is described. The aetiology and genetic association of these pathologies is explored and the literature of multiple intracranial tumours of different cell types is reviewed.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 22, Issue 5 October 2008 , pages 697 - 699
Olfactory groove schwannomas are extremely uncommon and less than 30 cases are reported in the literature. We report a 21-year-old developmentally-retarded boy who experienced severe headache and aggressive behaviour for 5 months.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 22, Issue 5 October 2008 , pages 705 - 708
The case of a 39-year-old with intractable spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is presented. He developed bilateral and symptomatic subdural hygromas that were drained in response to clinical deterioration, but proved ineffective.
In order to explore parietal patients' difficulties in the processing of orientation information, we asked parietal patients (N = 8) and healthy and brain-damaged controls to imitate multicomponent actions where object orientation was one component.
Optimizing our responses to physical threats is of clear adaptive value, yet influences of threat perception specific to visual guidance of action have received little attention. Here, we assess effects of threat perception on a targeting task, finding improved performance for peripheral targets relative to central targets.
The Clinical Neuropsychologist, Volume 22, Issue 6 December 2008 , pages 1080 - 1092
The Postconcussive Symptom Questionnaire (PCSQ) was developed to assess the symptoms associated with the controversial diagnosis of postconcussion syndrome. We examined item endorsement on the PCSQ in two groups.
To determine if postoperative prophylactic hypervolemic therapy prevents cerebral vasospasm and improves clinical outcome in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Intracranial arachnoid cysts (ACs) are usually asymptomatic, benign developmental anomalies. The most frequent clinical manifestations are cranial expansion, hydrocephaly, headache, epileptic seizures, psychomotor retardation, and aphasia.
Journal of Nuclear Medicine Vol. 49 No. 11 1749-1755
18F-fluoroethyl-SPA-RQ (18F-FE-SPA-RQ) was recently developed as a radioligand for the measurement of neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor with PET. In this study, we used 18F-FE-SPA-RQ with PET to visualize and quantify NK1 receptor in the human brain.
Pediatric Blood & Cancer Published Online: 6 Nov 2008
The anti-Hu syndrome is a well-known paraneoplastic syndrome and may be rarely seen in patients with neuroblastoma. However, it is relatively unknown that anti-Hu antibodies can cause gastro-intestinal signs and symptoms.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 29:1948-1950, November-December 2008
A 69-year-old woman had a symptomatic cervical carotid stenosis coupled with a coincidental unruptured cerebral aneurysm in the carotid distal segment.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 29:1826-1830, November-December 2008
Multimodal CT imaging with contrast-enhanced CT angiography (CTA) and CT perfusion (CTP) is increasingly being used to guide emergency management of acute stroke.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 29:1883-1889, November-December 2008
Unlike conventional functional MR imaging where external sensory/cognitive paradigms are needed to specifically activate different regions of the brain, resting functional connectivity MR imaging acquires images in the absence of cognitive demands (a resting condition) and detects brain regions, which are highly temporally correlated.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 29:1983-1985, November-December 2008
During percutaneous polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) vertebroplasty (PV), PMMA cement may migrate into the venous system and subsequently be transported to the pulmonary arteries.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 29:1918-1924, November-December 2008
Since the introduction of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) into clinical practice in the mid 1990s, no adjunctive treatment has further improved clinical outcomes in patients with ischemic stroke.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 29:1897-1901, November-December 2008
Ameloblastomas and keratocystic odontogenic tumors are major aggressive odontogenic tumors in the maxillomandibular regions, but the differentiation between these 2 tumors is frequently ineffective based on only conventional CT and MR imaging findings.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 29:1959-1960, November-December 2008
A 43-year-old patient with a basilar apex aneurysm had a 4.5-mm x 14-mm Enterprise stent placed from the midbasilar artery to the left P1 segment of the posterior cerebral artery.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 29:1841-1846, November-December 2008
Chronic middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion is more common than generally thought. It is important to assess the cerebral hemodynamic status in patients with this chronic condition.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 29:1986-1988, November-December 2008
Major neurologic morbidity and mortality with vertebroplasty are rare. We describe a 71-year-old woman who had a stroke approximately 30 minutes after vertebroplasty. Imaging revealed that bone cement had embolized to the left middle cerebral artery.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 29:1989-1990, November-December 2008
The spontaneous occurrence of acute Brown-Sequard syndrome is an extremely rare event, with most reported cases being secondary to spontaneous epidural hematomas and spinal cord ischemia.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 29:1867-1871, November-December 2008
The relationship of 11C-methionine (MET) uptake and tumor activity in low-grade gliomas (those meeting the criteria for World Health Organization [WHO] grade II gliomas) remains uncertain.
Journal of Neural Transmission 0300-9564 (Print) 10.1007/s00702-008-0149-x
Although intracellular accumulation of {alpha}-synuclein ({alpha}-syn) is a characteristic pathological change in Parkinson’s disease, Lewy body dementia and Alzheimer’s disease, the normal function of this presynaptic protein is still unknown.
If the diagnostic and prognostic significance of brain microbleeds (BMBs) are to be investigated and used for these purposes in clinical practice, observer variation in BMB assessment must be minimized.
The hippocampal involvement in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients has been known for more than a decade, however, its relationship to clinical manifestations including memory deficits and topographical differentiation from Alzheimer disease (AD) remain unclear.
There are no conventional lymphatics in the brain but physiological studies have revealed a substantial and immunologically significant lymphatic drainage from brain to cervical lymph nodes.
Admission blood pressure (BP) and significant decreases in BP after acute stroke have been correlated with outcome. Few data are available on the impact of extreme values at any time point within the first 24 hours.
PNAS November 11, 2008 vol. 105 no. 45 17493-17497
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a 3-carboranyl thymidine analogue (3CTA), 3-[5-{2-(2,3-dihydroxyprop-1-yl)-o-carboran-1-yl}pentan-1-yl]
thymidine, designated N5–2OH, for boron neutron capture therapy
(BNCT) of brain tumors using the RG2 rat glioma model.
The purpose of the study was to describe the characteristics, management, and outcomes of patients with confirmed aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and to compare outcomes across neurosurgical units (NSUs) in the UK and Ireland.
Patients harboring brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) are at a lifelong risk for hemorrhagic strokes, but the natural history is poorly understood. We examined the impact of demographic and angiographic features on the likelihood of future hemorrhage.
Randomized trials have demonstrated reduced morbidity and mortality with stroke unit care; however, the effect on length of stay, and hence the economic benefit, is less well-defined. In 2001, a multidisciplinary stroke unit was opened at our institution.
Homocysteine has been linked to increased risk of ischemic stroke and other cardiovascular events. Matrix degradation and inflammation play an important role in these disorders, and we have demonstrated increased levels of matrix-degrading enzymes and inflammatory cytokines in hyperhomocysteinemic individuals.
Stroke places a significant burden on the economy in England and Wales with the overall societal costs estimated at £7 billion per annum. There is evidence that both stroke units (SUs) and early supported discharge (ESD) are effective in treating patients with stroke.
It was the aim of this study to examine the influence of the antiviral medication oseltamivir on stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) in adults diagnosed with influenza.
We report a case of a male patient who showed personality changes and marked social problems after a traumatic brain injury. Although suspected to have lesions in the orbitofrontal cortex because of the typical characteristics of his behavioural change, lesions were not apparent using conventional imaging techniques.
Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) occasionally show food cravings and/or compulsive eating that result in significant, undesired weight gain. Dopamine replacement therapy may be the cause of this type of eating disorder.
Epileptic Disorders. Volume 10, Number 3, 199-205, September 2008
Studies have shown a lower risk for verbal memory decline following dominant anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) among patients with poor, presurgical verbal memory scores. It is unclear however, if the risk of decline is increased in patients who also have reduced visual memory.
Epileptic Disorders. Volume 10, Number 3, 225-6, September 2008
We present the video of a patient who presented massive and impressive rhythmic axial sudden flexion of the neck and the upper part of the trunk in post anoxic coma.
Epileptic Disorders. Volume 10, Number 3, 223-4, September 2008
Cough syncopes are rare but may be one of the cause of sudden loss of consciousness. We recorded under video-EEG monitoring a typical syncope triggered by voluntary coughing (video) and Valsava maneuvre in a patient referred for the diagnosis of generalized tonic-clonic seizures.
Epileptic Disorders. Volume 10, Number 3, 231-8, September 2008
High-frequency activity has been described as having a role in the initiation of epileptic seizures. The case of a patient with refractory bitemporal epilepsy is presented. Extraoperative monitoring with depth and subdural electrodes revealed an ictal pattern with a build-up of high-frequency (> 80 Hz) activity originating in the cortex, with spread to both hippocampi.
Epileptic Disorders. Volume 10, Number 3, 213-8, September 2008
The objective of this study was to investigate bone mineral density (BMD) in Thai epileptics who had been receiving long-term, antiepileptic drugs. Subjects were epileptic patients aged 15 to 50 years who had been taking antiepileptic drugs for longer than six months.
Epileptic Disorders. Volume 10, Number 3, 206-12, September 2008
To clarify the clinical validity and feasibility of the diagnostic scheme for seizures and epilepsy proposed by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) in 2001 (the 2001 Scheme) and the report of the ILAE classification core group in 2006 (the 2006 Report).
Epileptic Disorders. Volume 10, Number 3, 193-8, September 2008
To evaluate whether the postoperative, antiepileptic drug (AED) regimen influences seizure recurrence after anterior temporal lobectomy when considering the putative mechanism of action and possible neuroprotective effects.
Epileptic Disorders. Volume 10, Number 3, 227-30, September 2008
As a generalized form of nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE), absence status epilepticus is the most common form. It manifests as prolonged, confusional states of varying severity, and continuous or repetitive generalized discharges of spikes, multiple spikes, and slow waves on EEG.
The goal of this study was to disclose the appropriate surgical approaches to radically removing pediatric craniopharyngiomas with optimal hypothalamic protection.
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is characterized by a lack of any known morphological or functional organ changes that could explain the lethal process.
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 15, Number 12, December 2008 , pp. 1409-1411(3)
We report a case of intravenous thrombolysis in a patient with early recurrent stroke. A 62-year-old man recovered nearly completely after a lacunar infarct of the left putamen.
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 15, Number 12, December 2008 , pp. 1419-1420(2)
Radiofrequency-catheter-ablation of atrial fibrillation is now commonly performed. Aim of this short review is to summarize questions and uncertainties concerning radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation with respect to therapeutic mechanisms, long-term efficacy and stroke-prevention.
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 15, Number 12, December 2008 , pp. 1338-1344(7)
The presence of cell-free fetal DNA in maternal plasma could allow performing a non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of Huntington disease (HD). The great advantage of this diagnosis is the absence of risk of fetal loss that it entails.
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 15, Number 12, December 2008 , pp. 1265-1272(8)
Many patients with non-cancer diagnoses utilize palliative services. There is little data on the palliative care needs of patients with neurologic and neurosurgical disorders.
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 15, Number 12, December 2008 , pp. 1315-1323(9)
Information on incidence of stroke is important for developing and maintaining public health strategies in primary and secondary prevention. Nationwide data on the incidence of stroke are scarce and absent for the Netherlands.
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 15, Number 12, December 2008 , pp. 1412-1415(4)
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is the second most common neurodegenerative dementia in the young age after Alzheimer disease. Recent improvement in diagnostic assessment suggests that it is more common than previously, although with a great heterogeneity in clinical presentation.
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 15, Number 12, December 2008 , pp. 1380-1383(4)
Complementary and alternative therapy (CAT) use is frequent in patients with the common neurological disorders despite little scientific evidence of its efficacy. Little is known about the cost of regular CAT use. The purposes of this study were to determine the frequency and cost of CAT use in patients attending a neurology out-patient clinic and to determine whether neurological diagnosis affects CAT use.
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 15, Number 12, December 2008 , pp. 1421-1423(3)
Studies on the comorbidity of migraine and epilepsy have shown conflicting results. We wanted to explore the epidemiological association between migraine and seizure disorders in a population-based material where case ascertainment was enhanced by individual specialist assessments.
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 15, Number 12, December 2008 , pp. 1371-1379(9)
A pilot study of high dose coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10)/vitamin E therapy in Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) patients resulted in significant clinical improvements in most patients. This study investigated the potential for this treatment to modify clinical progression in FRDA in a randomized double blind trial.
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 15, Number 12, December 2008 , pp. 1400-1405(6)
Sensory neuron diseases (SND) represent a specific subgroup of peripheral nervous system disorders that are becoming increasingly recognized. We aimed to analyze clinical, neurophysiological, and MRI features in patients with SND.
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 15, Number 12, December 2008 , pp. 1384-1389(6)
To determine the relationship between body temperature (BT), arterial recanalization, functional outcome, and hemorrhagic transformation (HT) of cerebral infarction in patients treated with i.v. tissue plasminogen activator (tPA).
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 15, Number 12, December 2008 , pp. 1309-1314(6)
The association of polymorphisms in the nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) gene (T-786C, variable number tandem repeats 4A/B/C, and G894T) and in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene (C677T) with acute ischemic stroke have been reported.
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 15, Number 12, December 2008 , pp. 1304-1308(5)
Aspirin is an important therapeutic regimen to prevent the recurrent ischemic events or death after acute ischemic stroke. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between the extent of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) -induced platelet aggregation and outcome in acute ischemic stroke patients on aspirin therapy.
Hyperdense middle cerebral artery sign (HMCAS) on CT scan before stroke thrombolysis is associated with increased risk for haemorrhage and unfavourable outcome in several small studies.
Implementing thrombolytic therapy in a stroke unit (SU) profoundly affects the resources available to all patients admitted for suspected acute stroke.
We examined if transcranial Doppler (TCD) flow findings at the site of intracranial occlusions predict outcomes of stroke patients receiving intravenous rt-PA treatment.
The aim of this investigation was to determine the factors influencing acute intracerebral hemorrhage severity on admission and clinical outcomes at discharge.
Mass levels of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), a leukocyte-derived enzyme involved in the metabolism of low-density lipoprotein to pro-inflammatory mediators, are associated with prognosis after stroke.
The rapid differentiation between intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) and ischaemic stroke (IS) using biomarker testing would allow the prehospital, cause-specific management of stroke patients.
Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), assessed by ECG, is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular events among hypertensive subjects. We evaluated the risks of LVH in a Japanese general population including normotensive and prehypertensive subjects.
In this laboratory we have developed a set of techniques that randomized controlled studies and a multisite randomized controlled trial have shown can substantially reduce the motor deficit of adult patients with mild to severe chronic strokes.
Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, Volume 34, Issue 12 December 2008 , pages 1376 - 1380
Oral droplet formulations of clonazepam (CZ) were developed to examine their potentials as an alternative to i.v. administration for the treatment of acute epileptic seizures.
A 76-year-old man with hypertension suddenly developed horizontal diplopia. Examination disclosed adduction deficit of left eye without dissociated abducting nystagmus and ocular tilt reaction (OTR) (video).
Intracranial stereotactic EEG recordings (SEEG) in presurgical epilepsy assessment are currently carried out in our department. The SEEG method generally used for exploration can also be used to perform radiofrequency thermocoagulations (RFTC) of the epileptic foci.
To assess the association of ATP13A2 gene mutation among patients with early onset Parkinson disease (EOPD, onset < 50 years) in ethnic Chinese population.
Neurologic manifestations of paracoccidioidomycosis are uncommon. Generally, these are characterized by headache, seizures, or focal neurologic deficits due to a focal brain lesion.
Kufs disease is the adult-onset form of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL). Its two clinical phenotypes are type A (progressive myoclonus epilepsy with dementia) and type B (behavioral abnormalities and dementia, associated with pyramidal and extrapyramidal signs).
To determine if diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics of the pyramidal tracts correlate with motor outcome in infants presenting with motor dysfunction.
Atrial fibrillation (AF) may be present within a subset of patients with presumed cryptogenic TIA or stroke and remains undetected by standard diagnostic methods.
Spinal Cord advance online publication 18 November 2008; doi: 10.1038/sc.2008.137
To describe bowel management in community-dwelling spinal cord-injured (SCI) individuals and to explore associations between age, injury, dependency, problems, interventions and satisfaction.
Spinal Cord advance online publication 18 November 2008; doi: 10.1038/sc.2008.140
To investigate the influence of pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion on fat and carbohydrate oxidation during prolonged arm cranking exercise in persons with spinal cord injury.
Spinal Cord advance online publication 18 November 2008; doi: 10.1038/sc.2008.143
Clinical presentation of acute myelitis syndromes is variable, and neuroimaging and laboratory findings are not specific enough to establish the diagnosis with certainty.
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