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The Lancet Neurology, Volume 7, Issue 12, Pages 1074 - 1075, December 2008
Encephalitis in otherwise healthy individuals is generally thought to be of viral origin. If results of viral studies are negative and symptoms persist, whole body CT or PET imaging and serological investigation are used to identify paraneoplastic causes.
The Lancet Neurology, Volume 7, Issue 12, Pages 1086 - 1087, December 2008
Specialist online networking forums are proliferating, but are they an effective way for groups with an interest in neurodegenerative diseases to disseminate information? Adrian Burton reports.
The Lancet Neurology, Volume 7, Issue 12, Pages 1099 - 1105, December 2008
Cysticercosis due to Taenia solium is a cause of adult-acquired seizures and epilepsy even in patients with only calcified larval cysts. Transient perilesional brain oedema is seen around the calcified foci but its importance, association with seizures, incidence, and pathophysiology are unknown.
The Lancet Neurology, Volume 7, Issue 12, Pages 1091 - 1098, December 2008
A severe form of encephalitis associated with antibodies against NR1—NR2 heteromers of the NMDA receptor was recently identified. We aimed to analyse the clinical and immunological features of patients with the disorder and examine the effects of antibodies against NMDA receptors in neuronal cultures.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 275, Issue 1, Pages 185-187 (15 December 2008)
Autoantibodies against voltage-gated potassium channels (VGKC-Abs) are associated with acquired neuromyotonia (Isaacs' syndrome) and related disorders such as Morvan's syndrome and some cases of limbic encephalitis.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 275, Issue 1, Pages 151-153 (15 December 2008)
Experience with systemic or selective local administration of thrombolytic agents in pediatric ischemic stroke is limited to sporadic case reports, since patients of age less than 18 years were systematically excluded from randomised controlled trials.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 275, Issue 1, Pages 133-138 (15 December 2008)
Cognitive deficits can be associated with cerebellar injury. The purpose of this study is to learn 1) if unilateral cerebellar injury might also cause hemispatial neglect, and if so, 2) if there is a left versus right asymmetry, 3) if the neglect is contralesional (CN) or ipsilesional (IN), and 4) if cerebellar injury might induce neglect by disruption of cerebellar-cortical networks.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 275, Issue 1, Pages 128-132 (15 December 2008)
Mitochondrial diseases are clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders due to primary mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or nuclear DNA (nDNA). We studied a male infant with severe congenital encephalopathy, peripheral neuropathy, and myopathy.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 275, Issue 1, Pages 121-127 (15 December 2008)
Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is an independent risk factor for cerebral infarction. Since ~25% of the population have a PFO, the simple association of PFO with stroke is not enough to establish the diagnosis of paradoxical embolism. We evaluated possible clinical clues to the diagnosis of paradoxical embolism.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 275, Issue 1, Pages 117-120 (15 December 2008)
Stroke outcome is determined by delayed neuronal cell death and edema formation. TWEAK, a cytokine of the TNF superfamily, and its membrane receptor Fn14 promote ischemia-induced neuronal apoptosis and leakage of the blood-brain barrier.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 275, Issue 1, Pages 100-105 (15 December 2008)
A spontaneous demyelinating polyneuropathy in two young Miniature Schnauzer dogs was characterized clinically, electrophysiologically and histopathologically.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 275, Issue 1, Pages 78-85 (15 December 2008)
We performed in vivo diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in a total of 33 patients with brain tuberculomas (BT). Thirteen of them had surgical excision of the lesion as it was clinically indicated, and in these samples matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression was quantified.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 275, Issue 1, Pages 69-73 (15 December 2008)
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. To determine predictors of survival, we studied different parameters in our ALS Database including 479 patients.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 275, Issue 1, Pages 64-68 (15 December 2008)
Both statin and hypothermia protect the brain from focal cerebral ischemia. In this study, we sought to determine whether statin pretreatment enhances the efficacy of hypothermia and extends the therapeutic time window of hypothermia.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 275, Issue 1, Pages 42-45 (15 December 2008)
Encephalitis is the most severe manifestation of central nervous system (CNS) infection by Varicella-Zoster-Virus (VZV). VZV associated encephalitis is now recognized to be a vasculopathy that affects large or small cerebral arteries.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 275, Issue 1, Pages 37-41 (15 December 2008)
Ultrasonography (USG) is the preferred screening method for fetal brain examination. It has some technical limitations and a relatively low sensibility and specificity for many central nervous system (CNS) malformations. Fetal cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers better resolution and sensibility, with scarce limitations.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 275, Issue 1, Pages 18-21 (15 December 2008)
Admission hyperglycemia is associated with poor functional outcomes and risk of death in nondiabetic patients with acute ischemic stroke. However, there is still some debate about the effects of hyperglycemia in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients.
Epilepsy Research Volume 82, Issue 1, Pages 101-108 (November 2008)
High-frequency oscillations (>100Hz) have been proposed as localized markers of epileptic networks, but require intracranial electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings.
Epilepsy Research Volume 82, Issue 1, Pages 95-100 (November 2008)
Hypermotor seizures are considered to be characteristic of frontal lobe epilepsy, with only rare occurrence in temporal lobe epilepsy. After noting hypermotor seizures in several patients with lesions involving the pole of the temporal lobe, we investigated whether temporal pole lesions were associated with hypermotor seizures.
Epilepsy Research Volume 82, Issue 1, Pages 72-87 (November 2008)
Status epilepticus (SE) is a neurological emergency, characterized by continuous or intermittent seizures without full recovery of consciousness between seizures, which can result in death or neurological sequelae.
Epilepsy Research Volume 82, Issue 1, Pages 66-71 (November 2008)
Changes in circadian rhythms have been shown to alter seizure susceptibility and anticonvulsant properties of drugs. The present study attempts to elucidate the effect of acute and chronic light/dark (LD) cycle alterations on pentylenetetrazol-induced clonic seizure threshold (CST) in male NMRI mice.
Epilepsy Research Volume 82, Issue 1, Pages 59-65 (November 2008)
Photosensitive epileptic (SZ) baboons demonstrate different cerebral blood flow (CBF) activation patterns from asymptomatic controls (CTL) during intermittent light stimulation (ILS). This study compares 'resting' CBF between PS and CTL animals, and CBF correlations with ketamine dose and interictal epileptic discharges (IEDs) between PS and CTL animals.
Epilepsy Research Volume 82, Issue 1, Pages 48-58 (November 2008)
Amado and Cavalheiro [Amado, D., Cavalheiro, E.A., 1998. Hormonal and gestational parameters in female rats submitted to the pilocarpine model of epilepsy. Epilepsy Res. 32, 266–274], studying the establishment of the pilocarpine epilepsy model in female rats observed that the estrous cycle was dramatically altered during the three periods of this experimental model.
Epilepsy Research Volume 82, Issue 1, Pages 40-47 (November 2008)
There is evidence suggesting that protein kinase C (PKC) activation can prevent the enhanced network excitability associated with status epilepticus and group I metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR)-induced epileptogenesis.
Epilepsy Research Volume 82, Issue 1, Pages 31-39 (November 2008)
Since magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique is constantly evolving with higher field strength scanners, the question arises whether images from different field strength scanners can be used interchangeably for scientific and clinical purposes.
Epilepsy Research Volume 82, Issue 1, Pages 23-30 (November 2008)
A crucial issue in the genetic analysis of idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) is deciding on the phenotypes that are likely to give the greatest power to detect predisposing variants.
Epilepsy Research Volume 82, Issue 1, Pages 17-22 (November 2008)
Neuroexcitatory effects of isoflurane during or following anesthesia are controversial, particularly in epileptic patients. In contrast, halothane is generally considered to be highly anticonvulsant.
Epilepsy Research Volume 82, Issue 1, Pages 9-16 (November 2008)
Penicillin model is a widely used experimental model for epilepsy research. In the present study we aimed to portray a detailed spectral analysis of penicillin-induced epileptiform activity in comparison with basal brain activity in anesthetized Wistar rats.
Epilepsy Research Volume 82, Issue 1, Pages 3-8 (November 2008)
Patients with epilepsy have excess morbidity and mortality due to ischemic cardiovascular disease. Many of these patients have elevated concentrations of plasma total homocysteine (Hcy), which is an acknowledged risk factor for cardiovascular disease, venous thromboembolic disease, foetal malformations and dementia.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:1386-1391; doi:10.1136/jnnp.2007.142679
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a condition that carries a substantial risk of dementia. The exact magnitude of that risk is uncertain because of the variations in the definition of MCI, the setting (such as memory clinic versus community) and, equally importantly, the duration of follow-up.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:1401-1404; doi:10.1136/jnnp.2007.140715
Motor neglect, underuse of one side of the body not explained by weakness or sensory impairment, is a common consequence of stroke that is surprisingly little understood. Behavioural and neuroanatomical hallmarks of the disorder are investigated.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:1318-1323
Postural instability gait difficulty (PIGD) motor phenotype in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is associated with a faster rate of cognitive decline than in tremor dominant cases and may be a risk factor for incident dementia.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:1327-1330
The three-nucleotide deletion, GAG (within the gene TOR1A), is the only proven cause of childhood-onset dystonia (DYT1). A potentially pathogenic role of additional sequence changes within TOR1A has not been conclusively shown.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:1344-1348
There is little reliable population based information about the distribution of risk factors among the various ischaemic stroke subtypes, even though determining risk factor profiles is of major importance to develop targeted preventive strategies.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:1331-1338
Neuropathological studies have reported varying amounts of amyloid pathology in dementia with Lewy bodies
(DLB) and Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD). [11C]PIB positron emission tomography (PET) is a marker of brain amyloid deposition.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:1410-1411; doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.149831
A 55-year-old woman developed claudication in the right leg at the age of 37 years. One year later, she developed tremor in the right leg and clumsiness of the right hand, and she began to take levodopa.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:1413-1415; doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.153163
Neuropsychiatric symptoms are frequently found in patients with advanced Parkinson disease (PD).1 Psychotic symptoms, defined as disturbances of perception and thought, including visual or auditory hallucinations, paranoid delusions and delirium, are particularly problematic for patients and care givers.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:1411-1412; doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.151530
Dysarthria is a speech disturbance that often occurs following brain damage. The characteristics of dysarthria, however, differ according to the location of the lesion.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:1357-1358; doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.145938
Cerebral gas embolism is a rare and potentially fatal event that may occur as a complication of medical procedures and trauma. Radiologic diagnosis is remarkable and favours immediate treatment.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:1374-1375; doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.148759
A 22-year-old construction worker presented after falling from a scaffold onto the vertex of his head. After suffering a brief loss of consciousness in the field, the patient was alert and oriented and without neurological deficits upon arrival to the Emergency Room.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:1408-1409; doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.145664
Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulae (SDAVF) are acquired spinal vascular malformations, in which a small connection between a radicular artery and radicular vein causes venous hypertension, congestive myelopathy and infarction of the spinal cord.
Current Opinion in Critical Care. 14(6):685-689, December 2008
Despite improved care of multiple injured patients, controversial data about the best time point for decompression and stabilization of spine fractures and spinal cord injuries are published. Some studies even question the value of surgical management.
Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumors in children. These invasive neuroectodermal tumors arise from cerebellar granule cell-like precursors.
Journal of Clinical Oncology, 10.1200/JCO.2008.17.2833
Few reliable prognostic molecular markers have been characterized for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), considered the deadliest of human cancers. We hypothesized that genetic polymorphisms in chemokines and their receptors, which together control microglial cell mobilization, may influence survival.
An estimated 200 million patients worldwide have surgery each year. Anesthesia and surgery have been reported to facilitate emergence of Alzheimer's disease.
PEDIATRICS Vol. 122 No. 5 November 2008, pp. e1006-e1013
The objectives of this study were to examine the circulatory changes experienced by the immature systemic and cerebral circulations during routine events in the critical care of preterm infants and to identify clinical factors that are associated with greater hemodynamic-oxygenation changes during these events.
Neurology Published online before print October 22, 2008, doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000327824.05348.3b
To investigate the relationship between white matter tract integrity and language and memory performances in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).
Neurobehavioural disability (NBD) has a major impact on long-term psychosocial outcome: however, measures used to identify characteristics of NBD have not been fully evaluated.
This study investigates (1) the utility of the bispectral index (BIS) to distinguish levels of consciousness in severely brain damaged patients and, particularly, disentangle vegetative state (VS) from minimally conscious state (MCS), as compared to other EEG parameters; (2) the prognostic value of BIS with regards to recovery after 1 year.
The goals of this study were to explore the prevalence of aggressive behaviours after severe paediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) and identify predictors of aggressive behaviours 1 year post-injury.
To further evaluate the construct validity of the La Trobe Communication Questionnaire (LCQ) and to investigate the extent to which self-ratings of adults with traumatic brain injury compared to ratings made by close others and self-ratings made by non-injured matched controls.
To develop a new variant of the line-bisection task for assessing non-motor (attentional, representational, etc.) bias in unilateral neglect (UN), i.e. the exactly bisected line selection task (EBLST).
This study sought independent confirmation that the English computerized Medical Symptom Validity Test can be easily passed by children with moderate-to-severe brain injury/dysfunction (e.g. traumatic brain injury, stroke) and/or developmental disabilities.
To describe cognitive function, activities of daily living (ADL), housing and return to work after cardiac arrest (CA) and examine the prognostic value of early assessments.
International Journal of Rehabilitation Research. 31(4):284-292, December 2008
Community interventions for people with physical disabilities and for people with mental illness have evolved following similar trajectories, although at different periods of time.
International Journal of Rehabilitation Research. 31(4):267-274, December 2008
The objective of this study was to explore which of many personal and environmental variables are the best predictors of reintegration to normal living in older adults discharged from an inpatient rehabilitation unit.
International Journal of Rehabilitation Research. 31(4):314-320, December 2008
Treatment success in aphasia is influenced by various factors. Clinical decisions, including patient selection and decisions on frequency and content, are often guided by a clinician's implicit opinions.
International Journal of Rehabilitation Research. 31(4):347-350, December 2008
Employers are primary and necessary agents in the return of people with disabilities to the work force. In this study, employment attitudes about two key constructs for vocational rehabilitation are examined: hiring the person with a disability and accommodating the person with disabilities at work.
International Journal of Rehabilitation Research. 31(4):321-326, December 2008
Apathy is defined as lack of feeling, emotion, or concern. The objective of this study was to examine the frequency of apathy after a first-ever stroke and to prospectively study the impact of apathy on functional recovery.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of disability and death in young adults. Globally, the incidence of TBI hospitalizations is estimated at 200-300 people per 100,000 annually.
Although comorbid neurological conditions are not uncommon for individuals undergoing lower-extremity (LE) amputation, short- and long-term prognosis is unclear.
Stem Cells First published online October 23, 2008
Glioblastoma, the most aggressive cerebral tumor, is invariably lethal. Glioblastoma cells express several genes typical of normal neural stem cells. One of them, SOX2, is a master gene involved in sustaining self-renewal of several stem cells, in particular of neural stem cells.
There is mounting pathological, biochemical and genetic evidence that the metabolism and aggregation of the 43-kDa transactive response (TAR)-DNA-binding protein (TDP-43) play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of sporadic and some forms of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
The lipid components of the senile plaque (SP) remain largely unknown. Senile plaques were said to be enriched in cholesterol in a few studies using the cholesterol probe filipin and a histoenzymatic method based upon cholesterol oxidase activity.
Journal of Neurosurgery November 2008 Volume 109, Number 5
The object of this study was to identify characteristic preoperative angiographic and MR imaging features of safely resectable insular gliomas and describe the surgical techniques and postoperative clinical outcomes.
The Journal of Infectious Diseases 2008;198:1685-1691
Encephalitis is a relatively rare presentation of enterovirus (EV) infections. Clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of EV encephalitis (EVE) have not been well characterized.
Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology. 30(11):853-856, November 2008
Management of cases of refractory neuroblastoma remains a challenge. As intensive chemotherapy sometimes results in severe regimen-related toxicity and poor quality of life, palliative chemotherapy with modest toxicity may be considered for these cases.
Current Opinion in Neurology. 21(6):717-719, December 2008
To critically assess the role of irinotecan (Camptosar, CPT-11) and bevacizumab (Avastin) as a new treatment for glioblastoma and other malignant gliomas (anaplastic forms of astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas).
Current Opinion in Neurology. 21(6):644-648, December 2008
Reading impairments after left or right hemisphere stroke are common yet receive little attention from clinicians and therapists. In this review, we focus on the classification of acquired alexia and the current theory and practice underlying the rehabilitation of this diverse set of disorders.
Current Opinion in Neurology. 21(6):693-700, December 2008
We examine current evidence that the transactive response DNA-binding protein (TDP-43) plays a pathogenic role in both amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia.
Current Opinion in Neurology. 21(6):701-707, December 2008
The molecular neuroscience revolution has begun to rekindle interest in fundamental neuroanatomy. Blending these disciplines may prove critical to our understanding of neurodegenerative diseases, which target specific anatomical systems. Recent research on frontotemporal dementia highlights the potential value of these approaches.
Current Opinion in Neurology. 21(6):639-643, December 2008
To evaluate current evidence that recovery after stroke or traumatic brain injury (TBI) can be enhanced by drugs that modulate neurotransmission in the brain.
Current Opinion in Neurology. 21(6):649-653, December 2008
Recent publications have focused on the possibilities that neuroscience offers patients in terms of restoring neurological function after trauma or disease. This review highlights the contribution that sophisticated outcome measurement techniques can make to the accurate evaluation of these.
Current Opinion in Neurology. 21(6):708-716, December 2008
Treatment approaches for frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) are rapidly evolving with improved understanding of the disease. This brief review highlights recent advances.
Current Opinion in Neurology. 21(6):669-675, December 2008
The neural basis of semantic memory has not only theoretical interest, but also implications for several neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and semantic dementia.
Current Opinion in Neurology. 21(6):634-638, December 2008
Communication with patients suffering from locked-in syndrome and other forms of paralysis is an unsolved challenge. Movement restoration for patients with chronic stroke or other brain damage also remains a therapeutic problem and available treatments do not offer significant improvements.
Current Opinion in Neurology. 21(6):654-659, December 2008
A better understanding of the molecular events underlying stroke recovery might be useful to optimize restorative therapies. Measurement of these events, however, is generally inaccessible in humans, at least at the molecular level. Substitute measures, or biomarkers, that are accessible might provide deeper insights into spontaneous recovery in humans.
Current Opinion in Neurology. 21(6):728-735, December 2008
This review will summarize new neuroimaging techniques, particularly MRI and PET imaging, that can be used to assess brain tumor growth and angiogenesis.
Current Opinion in Neurology. 21(6):662-668, December 2008
To gain a complete understanding of how the brain functions, both in illness and good health, data from multiple levels of analysis must be integrated. Technical advances have made direct recordings of neuronal activity deep inside the human brain tractable, providing a rare glimpse into cellular processes during long-term memory formation.
Clinical Cancer Research 14, 7028-7034, November 1, 2008
To explore the relationships between interleukin-6 (IL-6) and soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) levels and disease extent and clinical outcome in childhood neuroblastoma.
Clinical Cancer Research 14, 7068-7073, November 1, 2008
Although patients with newly diagnosed WHO grade 3 malignant glioma have a more favorable prognosis than those with WHO grade 4 malignant glioma, salvage therapies following recurrence offer essentially palliative benefit.
Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management Issue: Issue 5
The goal in managing patients with epilepsy is complete seizure freedom. Pharmacotherapeutic management of epilepsy is complicated by multiple syndromes, interindividual differences in drug sensitivities, inter-individual differences in drug disposition, and drug interactions.
Journal of Neuro-Oncology 0167-594X (Print) 10.1007/s11060-008-9728-9
No standard of care for patients with recurrent glioblastoma has been defined since temozolomide has become the treatment of choice for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma.
Age-related hormonal factors are thought to be related to the gender gap in longevity. Testing the hypothesis that survival is best in young premenopausal women we studied the effect of age on 1-week mortality in stroke patients.
European Journal of Neuroscience Published Online: 10 Nov 2008
The cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie acquired changes in Ca2+ dynamics of different neuronal compartments are important in the induction and maintenance of epileptiform activity.
European Journal of Neuroscience Published Online: 10 Nov 2008
Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is a neurological disorder associated with spontaneous recurrent complex partial seizures and hippocampal sclerosis. Although increased hippocampal neurogenesis has been reported in animal models of MTLE, increased neurogenesis has not been reported in the hippocampus of adult human MTLE cases.
Pediatric and Developmental Pathology Volume 11, Issue 5 (September-October 2008) Article: pp. 350-354
We investigated the relationship between the severity of histological inflammatory responses in the placenta, chorionic plate, and umbilical cord in conjunction with the intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) risk in premature infants.
Pediatric and Developmental Pathology Volume 11, Issue 5 (September-October 2008) Article: pp. 337-343
Because individual histologic features in childhood medulloblastoma alter survival likelihood, the recent 4th edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Brain Tumors recognizes desmoplastic/nodular medulloblastoma, medulloblastoma with extensive nodularity, large cell medulloblastoma, and anaplastic medulloblastoma, in addition to medulloblastoma with no other distinguishing features.
Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 27(9):771-775, September 2008
Introduction of the heptavalent conjugate vaccine for Streptococcus pneumoniae (PCV7) has led to a dramatic decline in meningitis by PCV7 serotypes, raising the possibility of similar trends by PCV7-related serogroups through cross-protection.
The anatomical basis of conscious experience has traditionally been linked to sensory-fugal (inward) pathways that convey sensory information to progressively higher association cortices.
Recently, TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) was identified as the major component of ubiquitin-positive tau-negative neuronal and glial inclusions in the most common form of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
To learn if oral steroid treatment can alter the signs of primary progressive aphasia (PPA). Many patients with PPA have had a vasectomy and there is a possible link between vasectomy and autoimmune diseases. If PPA is, at least in part, an autoimmune disease, patients might improve with immunosuppressant treatment.
The use of tissue plasminogen activator in ischemic stroke is controversial. Many practicing physicians believe that its usefulness is established, while others, including professional specialty societies, are less sanguine.
Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care. 65(5):1036-1044, November 2008
Severe head injury (HI) is known to be a major determinant of mortality in patients with multiple injuries but additional injuries also contribute to the clinical outcome. The Trauma Registry of the German Society for Trauma Surgery offers sufficient data for comparative outcome analysis in relation to the injury pattern.
Currently, because of the precision of stereotactic radiosurgery, radiation can now be delivered by techniques that shape the radiation beam to the tissue target for a variety of clinical applications.
In rare cases, posterior fossa meningiomas can involve the endolymphatic sac. Such involvement can result in endolymphatic hydrops and a constellation of symptoms suggestive of Meniere's disease.
Long-term follow-up studies in patients with brain arteriovenous malformations (AVM) have yielded contradictory results regarding both risk factors for rupture and annual rupture rate.
Intra-arterial therapies are being used more frequently in patients presenting with acute cerebral occlusions, but they have been limited by the potential for hemorrhage.
The goal of this study was to examine the long-term outcomes of 53 epilepsy patients who were surgically treated for supratentorial cavernomas in a single-center study and to assess both the duration of epilepsy and the resection of the hemosiderin rim for their prognostic relevance during extended follow-up.
The authors describe a case of severe traumatic arterial vasospasm and its subsequent management using angiography and multiple infusions of calcium channel blockers.
AFTER THE COLLAPSE of the Third Reich, the specialty of neurosurgery in Germany, although well developed in the late 1930s, had to start anew, and for decades to come, had to deal with the physical and political consequences of World War II. Because of the division of the country, neurosurgery developed separately in the two independent states.
This study examined the growth potential and response to multimodality treatment of partially thrombosed large or giant aneurysms in the posterior circulation.
A prospective multicenter registry was conducted in France to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Matrix coils (Boston Scientific Neurovascular, Fremont, CA). The short- and mid-term results are presented.
The electrode position is important to the surgical outcome after subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS). The aim of this study was to compare the surgical outcome of bilateral STN DBS with the electrode position estimated using fused magnetic resonance imaging.
The "tight-fit" hypothesis and subsequent current understanding of acute mountain sickness (AMS) is that individuals with less compliant cerebrospinal fluid systems (smaller ventricles and cerebrospinal fluid spaces) have a greater increase in intracranial pressure (ICP) for a given increase in brain volume as a result of hypoxic cerebral edema.
Barbiturate-induced coma can be used in patients to treat intractable intracranial hypertension when other therapies, such as osmotic therapy and sedation, have failed. Despite control of intracranial pressure, cerebral infarction may still occur in some patients, and the effect of barbiturates on outcome remains uncertain.
International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, Volume 10, Issue 6 2008 , pages 414 - 424
Among the hypothesized causes of communication impairments in people with damage to the right cerebral hemisphere (RHD) is an underlying impairment in Theory of Mind (ToM) (the ability to make inferences about other peoples' mental states).
Central European Journal of Medicine Volume 3, Number 4 / December, 2008 430-437
Only few follow-up studies have studied in detail the role of most important risk factors, but no reports were found on critical values (cut-offs) for such factors in prospectively predicting cerebrovascular events (CVE) in patients with minor ischaemic stroke (MIS).
J Med Genet. Published Online First: 3 November 2008. doi:10.1136/jmg.2008.061929
Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) describes a group of progressive neurodegenerative disorders characterized by high brain iron and the presence of axonal spheroids, usually limited to the central nervous system.
Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts (MLC) is a rare type of leukodystrophy, most often caused by mutations in the MLC1 gene. MLC1 is an oligomeric plasma membrane (PM) protein of unknown function expressed mainly in glial cells and neurons.
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder representing ~5% of all dementia patients (1). It is the second most common form of early-onset neurodegenerative dementia after
Alzheimer's disease (AD), affecting 10-20% of patients with an onset of dementia before 65 years.
European Journal of Neuroscience Published Online: 6 Nov 2008
The hypothalamus is a brain region with vital functions, and alterations in its development can cause human disease. However, we still do not have a complete description of how this complex structure is put together during embryonic and early postnatal stages.
European Journal of Emergency Medicine. 15(6):318-323, December 2008
The aim of this study is to determine the efficiency of artificial intelligence in detecting craniocervical junction injuries by using an artificial neural network (ANN) that may be applicable in future studies of different traumatic injuries.
Journal of Neural Transmission 0300-9564 (Print) 10.1007/s00702-008-0132-6
Parkinson’s disease (PD) related dementia (PDD) develops in up to 60% of patients, but the pathophysiology is far from being elucidated. Abnormalities of resting state functional connectivity have been reported in
Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:1287-1294
Balance control performance after vestibular schwannoma surgical removal follows a course that is characterised by a deterioration in postural performance immediately after unilateral vestibular deafferentation (uVD) and a recovery process (vestibular compensation).
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:1197-1201; doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.147983
A clear understanding of the impact sex differences play in clinical traumatic brain injury (TBI) outcome remains elusive. Animal research suggests that females have better functional outcomes following TBI than males. Therefore, this paper aims to systematically review all studies that have examined sex differences in functional outcome measures following moderate to severe TBI in humans. It was predicted that women would exhibit better functional outcome than men.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:1275-1281
Mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) is a significant public health problem affecting approximately 1 million people annually in the USA. A total of 10-15% of individuals are estimated to have persistent post-traumatic symptoms.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:1236-1244
The presence and degree of neuronal degeneration already existing in patients at their initial presentation with a clinically isolated syndrome suggestive of multiple sclerosis (CIS) is unclear, and whole brain or whole normalised grey matter analyses have not demonstrated significant atrophy in CIS cohorts at clinical presentation.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:1282-1286
Little is known about the long-term clinical course and management of patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) treated by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunting.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:1295-1297; doi:10.1136/jnnp.2007.138131
Kernohan's notch phenomenon is the ipsilateral hemiplegia caused by compression of the contralateral cerebral peduncle against the tentorial edge by a supratentorial mass. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) could be useful for exploring the state of the corticospinal tract (CST).
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:1218-1223
To study the effect of combination therapy with aspirin and dipyridamole (A+D) over aspirin alone (ASA) in secondary prevention after transient ischaemic attack (TIA) or minor stroke of presumed arterial origin and to perform subgroup analyses to identify patients that might benefit most from secondary prevention with A+D.
Brain edema is detrimental in ischemic stroke and its treatment options are limited. Kinins are proinflammatory peptides that are released during tissue injury.
High blood pressure (BP) is present in {approx}80% of patients with acute ischemic stroke and is independently associated with poor outcome. There are few data examining the relationship between admission BP and acute CT findings.
We conducted this prospective study to evaluate the time course of hemorrhagic transformation (HT) and arterial recanalization in the early phase of ischemic stroke using transcranial sonography (TCS).
Although it is generally accepted that developmental venous anomalies (DVAs) are benign vascular malformations, over the past years, we have seen patients with symptomatic DVAs.
Folate status was inversely associated with plasma homocysteine concentration, a potential risk factor of cardiovascular disease. However, it is uncertain whether folate is causally associated with risk of ischemic stroke (IS).
We sought to determine the frequency and clinical course of patients with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) who had intracranial nonocclusive thrombus (iNOT) on CT angiography (CTA).
The influence of stroke lateralization on functional and cardiovascular outcome after stroke is not well established. We evaluated the influence of hemispheric lateralization among patients enrolled in prospective acute stroke trials.
The ABCD2 score has been shown to predict the early risk of stroke after transient ischemic attack (TIA). The additional predictive value of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and TIA etiology is not well known.
The Internet Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2008. Volume 12 Number 2
Our patient was a 30-year-old woman. She had been followed up with depot penicilline parenteral antibiotherapy until the age of 18 since she had had acute rheumatic fever when 4 years old.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:1258-1261
Recent studies confirmed a high incidence of sensory axonal neuropathy in patients treated with different doses of thalidomide. The study's aims were to measure variations in sural nerve sensory action potential (SAP) amplitude in patients with refractory cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) treated with thalidomide and use these findings to identify the neurotoxic potential of thalidomide and the recovery capacity of sensory fibres after discontinuation of treatment.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:1202-1207
Accurate diagnosis of the cause of parkinsonism during life can be difficult, particularly at presentation, but few studies have described changes in clinical diagnosis over time and the effect of applying strict research criteria.
Recently, TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) was identified as the major component of ubiquitin-positive tau-negative neuronal and glial inclusions in the most common form of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
To learn if oral steroid treatment can alter the signs of primary progressive aphasia (PPA). Many patients with PPA have had a vasectomy and there is a possible link between vasectomy and autoimmune diseases.
The use of tissue plasminogen activator in ischemic stroke is controversial. Many practicing physicians believe that its usefulness is established, while others, including professional specialty societies, are less sanguine.
Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant childhood brain tumor and, although relatively uncommon in older patients, poses a therapeutic challenge in adults.
A 38-year-old man had a 2-day history of headache, with intermittent blurred vision followed by an acute episode of aphasia with bilateral upper numbness for a few minutes.
A 68-year-old man had a subacute progressive decline in speech and right-sided weakness after his rheumatoid arthritis regimen was changed from azathioprine to leflunomide.
Perfusion computed tomography (PCT) is an imaging modality that allows identification of tissue that is at risk in patients with cerebrovascular disease.
A 55-year-old diabetic man presented with coma for 2 days. Neurologic examination did not reveal any lateralizing signs and moderate hypoglycemia (43 mg/dL) was noted.
To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of carisbamate (CRS), an investigational drug, as adjunctive treatment for partial-onset seizures in adults.
The primary objective was to investigate whether nonadherence to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) is associated with increased mortality and the secondary objective to examine whether nonadherence increases the risk of serious clinical events, including emergency department (ED) visits, hospitalizations, motor vehicle accident (MVA) injuries, fractures, and head injuries.
Many patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) report chronic fatigue, and previous studies showed a potential relationship between sleepiness and fatigue in these patients.
Foreign language ictal speech automatism (FLISA) is a rare ictal sign that has been hitherto reported in five unilingual patients, all right handed men with right temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), only one of whom has benefited from an intracerebral EEG investigation.
Dejerine and Benson and Geschwind postulated disconnection of the dominant angular gyrus from both visual association cortices as the basis for pure alexia, emphasizing disruption of white matter tracts in the dominant temporooccipital region.
To delineate a new syndrome of brain dysgenesis and cutis laxa based on the description of 11 patients belonging to nine unrelated families recruited through an international collaboration effort.
A 52-year-old Korean woman with a history of poorly controlled Type 1 diabetes presented for evaluation of abnormal movements of her right arm and leg.
Transcranial duplex sonography (TCD) of the substantia nigra has emerged as a promising, non-invasive tool to diagnose idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD).
Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus significantly improves motor function in patients with severe Parkinson's disease. However, the effects on nonmotor aspects remain uncertain. The present study investigated the effects of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation on mood and psychosocial functions in 33 patients with advanced Parkinson's disease in a three year follow-up.
Spinal Cord advance online publication 11 November 2008; doi: 10.1038/sc.2008.139
The purpose of this study was to examine stroke characteristics of long-term manual wheelchair users during an extended manual wheelchair propulsion trial and the extent to which changes in propulsion biomechanics occurred.
Spinal Cord advance online publication 11 November 2008; doi: 10.1038/sc.2008.136
To provide an overview of our current understanding of the problem of neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury (SCI) and to suggest possible therapeutic options in the near future.
Spinal Cord advance online publication 11 November 2008; doi: 10.1038/sc.2008.138
To evaluate whether patients with cervical spinal cord injury (CSCI) are able to learn the technique of glossopharyngeal pistoning (breathing) for lung insufflation (GI) and if learned, to evaluate the effects of GI on pulmonary function and chest expansion after 8 weeks.
Spinal Cord advance online publication 11 November 2008; doi: 10.1038/sc.2008.127
To establish a profile of the population affected with traumatic and non-traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) admitted to rehabilitation centres in the Netherlands and Flanders (Belgium) and to describe determinants of length of stay (LOS) and functional outcome.
Journal of Neuro-Oncology 0167-594X (Print) 10.1007/s11060-008-9721-3
The neurofibromatosis 2 locus (NF2) is inactivated through mutation and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in 40-65% of all sporadic meningiomas, while the role of the p53 tumor suppression pathway in meningioma initiation and progression is still unclear.
Journal of Neurotrauma. October 1, 2008, 25(10): 1217-1225
Inflammation in the CNS predominantly involves microglia and macrophages, and is believed to be a significant cause of secondary injury following trauma.
Journal of Neurotrauma. October 1, 2008, 25(10): 1207-1216
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most disabling injuries in the population, with 1.5 million Americans new cases each year and 5.3 million Americans overall requiring long-term daily care as a result of their injuries.
Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics November 2008 Volume 2, Number 5
Primary skull lesions, albeit rare in the pediatric population, have been well described and classified. These lesions are usually benign and commonly present as a painless mass. The most common lesions are epidermoid, dermoid, and Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Cranial fasciitis, encountered less frequently, is usually not considered in this differential diagnosis. Given such few cases reported, it is commonly misdiagnosed preoperatively.
European Journal of Neuroscience Published Online: 4 Nov 2008
Neural imaging studies have revealed that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) participates in time perception. However, actual functional roles remain unclear. We trained two monkeys to perform a duration-discrimination task, in which two visual cues were presented consecutively for different durations ranging from 0.2 to 2.0 s.
Journal of Neurosurgery November 2008 Volume 109, Number 5
The authors present the case of an elderly man with a primary dural-based intracranial synovial sarcoma. Histological and immunohistochemical profiles of the lesion were diagnostic for a synovial sarcoma, and molecular studies using fluorescence in situ hybridization were compatible with a synovial sarcoma.
Journal of Neurosurgery November 2008 Volume 109, Number 5
Intracranial extraaxial cavernous angiomas are rare vascular malformations. Their occurrence at the geniculate ganglion of the facial nerve within the temporal bone is exceptional.
The aim of this study was to explore the effects of preoperative and postoperative lateralized mesial temporal damage on three measures of spatial learning: navigation, object location and plan drawing, and to determine the relationship between volumetry of the hippocampus and memory performance.
To establish phenotype–genotype correlations in early onset Parkinson disease
(EOPD), we performed neurologic, neuropsychological, and psychiatric evaluations in a series of patients with and without parkin mutations.
To characterize sequence variation within the glucocerebrosidase (GBA) gene in a select subset of our sample of patients with familial Parkinson disease (PD) and then to test in our full sample whether these sequence variants increased the risk for PD and were associated with an earlier onset of disease.
The developing brain has the capacity for a great deal of plasticity. A number of investigators have demonstrated that intellectual and language skills may be in the normal range in children following unilateral perinatal stroke.
Huntington's disease (HD) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder for which biological indicators of disease progression, or disease stage, would be especially important for therapeutic trials.
Placebo effects are beneficial health outcomes not related to the relatively direct biological effects of an intervention and can be elicited by an agent that, by itself, is inert.
In patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (INPH), the changes in brain function that take place in conjunction with improved behavioural performance after CSF drainage is still unknown.
Studies in a dystrophinopathy model (the mdx mouse) suggest that exercise training may be deleterious for muscle integrity, but exercise has never been studied in detail in humans with defects of dystrophin.
Although febrile seizures are common in children, attitudes may change among parents. The management of a child may differ depending on the specialty of the attending physician.
Current Opinion in Neurology. 21(6):745-753, December 2008
The evaluation of new treatments in brain cancer should address outcomes such as functional status, symptoms, cognition and health-related quality of life (HRQOL), yet these are infrequently evaluated.
Current Opinion in Neurology. 21(6):754-761, December 2008
Ependymomas of the adult are uncommon neoplasms of the central nervous system, and may occur either in the brain or the spinal cord. Compared with intracranial ependymomas, spinal ependymomas are less frequent and exhibit a better prognosis.
Current Opinion in Neurology. 21(6):736-744, December 2008
To review the rationale and recent experience of angiogenesis inhibitors in malignant gliomas and to highlight both the promise and potential complications of these agents.
Journal of Neurotrauma. October 1, 2008, 25(10): 1163-1172
In this study, we sought to determine the accuracy of a computer algorithm that automatically assesses head computed tomography (CT) studies in patients with suspected traumatic brain injury (TBI) for features of intracranial hemorrhage and mass effect, employing a neuroradiologist's interpretation as the gold standard.
To identify a biomarker panel that elucidates ALS disease pathogenesis, distinguishes patients with ALS from neurologic disease controls, and correlates with ALS disease characteristics, and to determine the effect of HFE gene variants, a potential risk factor for sporadic ALS, on the biomarker profile.
Neuron, Volume 60, Issue 3, 469-476, 6 November 2008
Classical physiological work by Katz, Eccles, and others revealed the central importance of synapses in brain function, and characterized the mechanisms involved in synaptic transmission.
Neuron, Volume 60, Issue 3, 430-440, 6 November 2008
In this perspective, I review recent evidence that glial cells are critical participants in every major aspect of brain development, function, and disease.
Neuron, Volume 60, Issue 3, 393-394, 6 November 2008
Twenty years ago, Neuron was launched with the aim of providing a forum for the publication of research in cellular and molecular neurobiology. In the late eighties, molecular biology had exploded as a field and was providing powerful new experimental tools for probing cellular function.
Neuron, Volume 60, Issue 3, 420-429, 6 November 2008
Brain development was thought to be largely hardwired and accomplished by birth, and the brain was thought to have essentially no regenerative capacity.
Neuron, Volume 60, Issue 3, 496-502, 6 November 2008
Neuroimaging, particularly that based upon functional magnetic resonance (fMRI), has become a dominant tool in cognitive neuroscience. This review provides a personal and selective perspective on its past, present, and future.
Neuron, Volume 60, Issue 3, 511-521, 6 November 2008
Neural interface (NI) systems hold the potential to return lost functions to persons with paralysis. Impressive progress has been made, including evaluation of neural control signals, sensor testing in humans, signal decoding advances, and proof-of-concept validation.
Neuron, Volume 60, Issue 3, 449-455, 6 November 2008
A central goal of cellular and molecular neuroscience is to explain the development and function of the nervous system in terms of the function of genes and proteins
Neuron, Volume 60, Issue 3, 483-488, 6 November 2008
Much of the work in systems neuroscience thus far has focused on the brain's parts studied individually. The past 20 years has seen the advent, rise, and application of multiple-electrode technology. This allows the study of the activity of many neurons simultaneously, which in turn has provided insight into how different neuron populations interact and collaborate to produce thought and action.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis First Published on: 04 November 2008
Primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) is considered to be a specific sporadic motor neuron disorder, but some reports have shown familial history of motor neuron disorders that may comprise PLS cases.
Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine November 2008 Volume 9, Number 5
The authors report the case of a 56-year-old previously healthy man who presented with a 4-month history of postural headache accompanied by nausea and vomiting.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis First Published on: 04 November 2008
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating disorder of the central nervous system that leads to progressive loss of upper and lower motor neurons. Most cases are sporadic and of unknown aetiology.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis First Published on: 04 November 2008
We have tested the sensitivity of a recently published approach to combining clinical and EMG data in the 'research diagnosis' of ALS, in 55 consecutive patients clinically diagnosed with ALS.
Neurosurgical Focus November 2008 Volume 25, Number 5
The purpose of this review was to describe the relevant factors that influence neurological outcomes in patients who sustain traumatic conus medullaris injuries (CMIs) and cauda equina injuries (CEIs).
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, Volume 49, Number 10, October 2008 , pp. 1031-1041(11)
Neurobiological models propose an evolutionary, vertical-integrative perspective on emotion and behavior regulation, which postulates that regulatory functions are processed along three core brain systems: the brainstem, limbic, and cortical systems.
To assess anger/hostility during treatment with lamotrigine adjunctive therapy versus levetiracetam adjunctive therapy in patients with partial seizures.
Bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria (BFPP) has been reported in sporadic patients and in recessive pedigrees. Eleven mutations in GPR56, a gene encoding an evolutionarily dynamic G-protein-coupled receptor, have been identified in 29 patients from 18 families.
Southern Medical Journal. 101(11):1150-1153, November 2008
A woman with a past medical history of epilepsy was transferred to our hospital for episodic changes in mental status, jerking movements, and decreased hearing that were thought to represent seizure activity.
Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, Volume 9, Number 16, November 2008 , pp. 2759-2772(14)
The role of monoamine oxidase type B inhibitors in the treatment of Parkinson's disease has expanded with the new monoamine oxidase B inhibitor rasagiline and a new formulation, selegiline oral disintegrating tablets.
Neurosurgical Focus November 2008 Volume 25, Number 5
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are normal intracellular proteins that are produced in greater amounts when cells are subjected to stress or injury. These proteins have been shown to play a key role in the modulation of the secondary injury that occurs after the initial spinal cord injury (SCI).
Neurosurgical Focus November 2008 Volume 25, Number 5
Electrophysiological measures can provide information that complements clinical assessments such as the American Spinal Injury Association sensory and motor scores in the evaluation of outcomes after spinal cord injury (SCI).
Neurosurgical Focus November 2008 Volume 25, Number 5
This review summarizes the current understanding of spinal cord injury pathophysiology and discusses important emerging regenerative approaches that have been translated into clinical trials or have a strong potential to do so.
Neurosurgical Focus November 2008 Volume 25, Number 5
Cardiovascular complications in the acute stage following traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) require prompt medical attention to avoid neurological compromise, morbidity, and death. In this review, the authors summarize the neural regulation of the cardiovascular system as well as the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of major cardiovascular complications that can occur following acute (up to 30 days) traumatic SCI. Hypotension (both supine and orthostatic), autonomic dysreflexia, and cardiac arrhythmias (including persistent bradycardia) are attributed to the loss of supraspinal control of the sympathetic nervous system that commonly occurs in patients with severe spinal cord lesions at T-6 or higher.
Neurosurgical Focus November 2008 Volume 25, Number 5
Axonal regeneration may be hindered following spinal cord injury (SCI) by a limited immune response and insufficient macrophage recruitment. This limitation has been partially surmounted in small-mammal models of SCI by implanting activated autologous macrophages (AAMs). The authors sought to replicate these results in a canine model of partial SCI.
To investigate the neural substrate of impaired activities of daily living (ADL) in Lewy body-associated disorders, such as dementia with Lewy bodies, classical Parkinson's disease, and Parkinson's disease dementia.
Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics November 2008 Volume 2, Number 5
Falls are the most common accident scenario in young children as well as the most common history provided in child abuse cases. Understanding the biomechanics of falls provides clinicians with objective data to aid in their diagnosis of accidental or inflicted trauma. The objective of this study was to determine impact forces and angular accelerations associated with low-height falls in infants.
BMC Health Services Research 2008, 8:223doi:10.1186/1472-6963-8-223
Patients with stroke should have access to a continuum of care from organized stroke units in the acute phase, to appropriate rehabilitation and secondary prevention measures. Moreover to improve the outcomes for acute stroke patients from an organizational perspective, the use of multidisciplinary teams and the delivery of continuous stroke education both to the professionals and to the public, and the implementation of evidence-based stroke care are recommended.
Dengzhanhua preparations are widely used in China. Many controlled trials have been undertaken to investigate the efficacy of dengzhanhua preparations in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction.
Most studies that have reported on the progression of ipsilateral and/or contralateral internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis are restricted to a few years.
Tissue response to injury includes expression of genes encoding cytokines and chemokines. These regulate entry of immune cells to the injured tissue. The synthesis of many cytokines and chemokines involves NF-{kappa}B and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT). Injury to the CNS induces glial response. Astrocytes are the major glial population in the CNS.
Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is a marker of endothelial dysfunction and a new independent risk factor for adverse cerebrovascular events in small vessel disease.
To determine a pattern of symptoms and/or risk factors that distinguishes transient ischemic attack (TIA) from nonischemic causes of transient neurologic attacks (NI-TNA).
The management and clinical prognosis of incidental intracranial aneurysms in acute ischemic stroke patients have been understudied. We investigated the clinical outcome of acute ischemic stroke subjects with incidentally found intracranial aneurysms.
The authors investigated whether expression of c-Met protein in glioblastomas is associated with overall survival and biologic features representing tumor invasiveness in patients with glioblastomas.
Stroke, 88% of which are ischemic, is a common cause of death and disability all over the world. Chuanxiong has been reported to be beneficial in treating stroke. However, the strength of evidence to support its use is unclear.
Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 2008, 10:51doi:10.1186/1532-429X-10-51
MRI is an emerging modality in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH). Derivation of stroke volume (SV) from the pulmonary flow curves is considered as a standard in this respect. Our aim was to investigate the accuracy of pulmonary artery (PA) flow for measuring SV.
SIR VICTOR HORSLEY'S many contributions to neurological surgery include experimental and clinical studies of gunshot wounds (GSW) of the head. Horsley's publications from 1894 to 1897 and 1914 to 1915 on GSWs were reviewed.
To examine a case series of reoperations for deep brain stimulation (DBS) leads in which clinical scenarios revealed suboptimal outcome from a previous operation.
One of the key limitations of gamma knife surgery arises from the radiation safety tolerance limit of the brainstem. The authors conducted an analysis of patients with intra-axial brainstem lesions and documented the incidence of adverse radiation imaging effects (ARIE) and new neurological deficits after gamma knife surgery.
Perfluorocarbon emulsions have been shown to improve outcomes in stroke models. This study examined the effect of Oxycyte, a third-generation perfluorocarbon emulsion (04RD33; Synthetic Blood International, Inc., Costa Mesa, CA) treatment on cognitive recovery and mitochondrial oxygen consumption after a moderate lateral fluid percussion injury (LFPI).
Neurosurgical management of residual aneurysms (RA) after coiling remains a challenging issue. We present a consecutive series of 21 patients who underwent microsurgical treatment of a previously coiled aneurysm.
Meningiomas are the second most common primary tumors of the central nervous system. Meningiomas at the cranial base pose technical challenges and result in increased morbidity.
SIGNIFICANT PROGRESS HAS been achieved in developing restorative neurosurgical strategies for movement disorders on the basis of preclinical gene and cell therapy experiments in primates.
Cellular schwannomas (CS) are rare in the cranial space. This report is the first of a patient with a greater superficial petrosal nerve CS presenting with abducens nerve palsy and xerophthalmia.
Treatment of certain cerebral aneurysms, caroticocavernous fistulae, and tumors of the neck or cranial base may involve therapeutic arterial sacrifice, which requires preoperative knowledge of the feasibility of permanent occlusion of the internal carotid artery (ICA) or vertebral artery or arteries.
We sought to assess the appearance of cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans in murine Ccm1 and Ccm2 gene knockout models and to develop a technique of lesion localization for correlative pathobiological studies.
We hypothesized that structural details that have not been described previously would be revealed in cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) through the use of high-field magnetic resonance and confocal microscopy.
Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences Year : 2008 Volume : 3 Issue : 2 Page : 127-130
Medullobastomas are common tumors in children located usually in cerebellar vermis. In adults also, they present and are likely to be laterally placed.
Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences Year : 2008 Volume : 3 Issue : 2 Page : 146-149
Hydatid disease is caused by the infestation of the larvae of Taenia echinococcus. The definitive hosts of echinococcus are various carnivores, the common being the dog.
Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences Year : 2008 Volume : 3 Issue : 2 Page : 160-162
Astroblastoma is thought to arise from astroblast - an intermittent cell between spongioblast and astrocytes and is a rare tumor in the pediatric age group.
Journal of Aging and Health, Vol. 20, No. 8, 920-936 (2008)
To explore racial differences in self-rated health (SRH) and its relationship to activities of daily living (ADLs) and mobility limitations among stroke survivors.
Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics November 2008 Volume 2, Number 5
An aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is a rare skeletal tumor that accounts for ~ 1% of all bone tumors. A spinal location for an ABC is very rare. Methods for treatment of an ABC include resection, curettage, embolization, and intralesional injection of a variety of agents.
Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics November 2008 Volume 2, Number 5
A 13-year-old girl exhibited rapid deterioration in mental status 15 days after surgery for craniopharyngioma. Serial CT scanning detected progression of a low-density lesion on the left frontotemporal lobe.
Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics November 2008 Volume 2, Number 5
Shunt dependence is more dangerous for children in less developed countries. Combining endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) with choroid plexus cauterization (CPC) was previously shown to treat hydrocephalus more effectively than ETV alone in infants < 1 year of age.
To determine whether a fast titration schedule of topiramate (TPM) has different effects on the occurrence of depression, in relation to other risk factors for TPM-induced depression, including history of depression (HxDEP), febrile seizures (FS), and hippocampal sclerosis (HS).
To increase understanding of the subjective symptomatology of seizure experiences and improve differential diagnosis by studying the seizure metaphors used by patients with (psychogenic) nonepileptic seizures (NES) and epilepsy.
Gamma band electroencephalography (EEG) abnormalities have been reported in patients with epilepsy. We aimed to investigate whether patients with febrile seizures (FS) show abnormalities of the gamma frequency steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) components evoked by intermittent photic stimulation (IPS).
Pediatric Surgery International 0179-0358 (Print) 10.1007/s00383-008-2264-z
Neuroblastoma is a biological, genetic and morphological heterogeneous tumor with a variable clinical course. NCAM is a cell adhesion molecule belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily with structural similarities to cell adhesion molecule L1.
Child's Nervous System 0256-7040 (Print) 10.1007/s00381-008-0724-3
Stroke is a rare disorder in childhood; among its risk factors, C677T mutations in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene with secondary hyperhomocysteinemia are considered.
Child's Nervous System 0256-7040 (Print) 10.1007/s00381-008-0722-5
A group of 123 children suffering from cephalhaematoma were treated at the Clinic of Pediatric Surgery, Orthopaedics and Traumatology in Brno Faculty Hospital within 5 years.
Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging Year : 2008 Volume : 18 Issue : 4 Page : 281-286
Stroke is a heterogeneous syndrome caused by multiple mechanisms, all of which result in disruption of normal cerebral blood flow and thereby cause cerebral dysfunction. Its early diagnosis is important as its treatment is dependent on the time elapsed since ictus.
The posterior clinoid process, a bony prominence at the superolateral aspect of the dorsum sellae, has a strategic importance in a transcavernous approach to basilar tip aneurysms.
Journal of Neurotrauma. ahead of print. doi:10.1089/neu.2008.0599
In 2005, an international symposium was convened with over 100 neuroscientists from 13 countries and major research centers to review current research in traumatic brain injury (TBI) and develop a consensus document on research issues and priorities.
Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics November 2008 Volume 2, Number 5
In this study, the authors report their experience with the surgical treatment of intracranial teratomas with an emphasis on the indications for delayed resection after oncological treatment.
The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)-which plays a role in pain, emotions and behavior-can generate epileptic seizures. To date, little is known on the neuronal mechanisms leading to epileptiform synchronization in this structure.
Journal of Neurosurgery November 2008 Volume 109, Number 5
Fibrous dysplasia of the bone in adults is a rare anomaly of skeletal development caused by a defect in differentiation of osteoblasts. This condition is associated with bone pain, bone deformity, and an increased incidence of fracture.
Journal of Neurosurgery November 2008 Volume 109, Number 5
Endoscopic third ventriculostomy is the treatment of choice in patients with obstructive hydrocephalus caused by aqueductal stenosis. The authors examined the clinical course and results of surgical treatment for obstructive hydrocephalus with pre- and postoperative refined constructive interference in steady-state (CISS) MR imaging.
The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. ahead of print. doi:10.1089/acm.2008.0781
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) of nonmutant superoxide dismutase (SOD) type may be caused by toxicity of the reduced glutathione (GSH) precursors glutamate and cysteine, and sulfite (a metabolite of cysteine), which accumulate when one or more of the enzymes needed for GSH synthesis are defective.
PEDIATRICS Vol. 122 No. 5 November 2008, pp. 1072-1078
Eclampsia has been found to be a strong risk factor for epilepsy in the offspring, but it is unclear whether the risk also applies to the preceding condition, preeclampsia.
Journal of Neurosurgery November 2008 Volume 109, Number 5
Iatrogenic injury to the spinal accessory nerve is one of the most common causes of trapezius muscle palsy. Dysfunction of this muscle can be a painful and disabling condition because scapular winging may impose traction on the soft tissues of the shoulder region, including the suprascapular nerve.
Journal of Neurosurgery November 2008 Volume 109, Number 5
In 1998, the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group initiated a Phase II study of observation for adults < 40 years old with cerebral low-grade glioma who underwent a neurosurgeon-determined gross-total resection (GTR).
Journal of Neurosurgery November 2008 Volume 109, Number 5
The authors report a case of a myxoid chondrosarcoma of the pineal region in a 37-year-old woman who presented with an intratumoral hemorrhage. Partial removal of the tumor in an initial surgery resulted in failure to establish a definitive diagnosis.
Journal of Neurosurgery November 2008 Volume 109, Number 5
Due to the proximity and involvement of critical neurovascular structures, the resection of jugular foramen schwannomas can pose a formidable challenge. The authors review their experience in the microsurgical management of jugular foramen schwannomas and propose a modified grading scale to guide surgical management.
Journal of Neurosurgery November 2008 Volume 109, Number 5
A typical finding in supraclavicular exploration of infants with severe obstetric brachial plexus lesions (OBPLs) is a neuroma-in-continuity with the superior trunk and/or a root avulsion at C-5, C-6, or C-7.
Journal of Neurosurgery November 2008 Volume 109, Number 5
In this study, the authors evaluate the long-term results after Gamma Knife radiosurgery of cranial base meningiomas. This study is a follow-up to their previously published report on the early results.
Journal of Neurosurgery November 2008 Volume 109, Number 5
The purpose of this study was to elucidate the efficacy of endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV), the procedure's indications, and prognosis after treatment in patients with communicating hydrocephalus.
Journal of Neurosurgery November 2008 Volume 109, Number 5
The authors have shown that convection-enhanced delivery (CED) of gadoteridol-loaded liposomes (GDLs) into different regions of normal monkey brain results in predictable, widespread distribution of this tracking agent as detected by real-time MR imaging.
Journal of Neurosurgery November 2008 Volume 109, Number 5
The outflow resistance (Rout) of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) system has generally been accepted by most investigators as independent of intracranial pressure (ICP), but there are also those claiming that it is not.
Journal of Neurosurgery November 2008 Volume 109, Number 5
Data from intracranial pressure (ICP) recordings in patients with hydrocephalus were reviewed to determine whether intracranial pulsatility within the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of cerebral ventricles (ICPLV) may differ from that within the brain parenchyma (ICPPAR), and whether pulsatility may differ between noncommunicating ventricles.
Journal of Neurosurgery November 2008 Volume 109, Number 5
Cancer progenitor-like cells isolated by Hoechst 33342 dye efflux (termed the "side population" [SP]) have been studied in a variety of cancers, including malignant brain tumors.
Journal of Neurosurgery November 2008 Volume 109, Number 5
Midline clival lesions, whether involving the clivus or simply situated anterior to the brainstem, present a technical challenge for adequate exposure and safe resection.
Silent ischemic events are known to occur during diagnostic and interventional endovascular procedures between 10% and 69% of the time. The occurrence of silent and symptomatic ischemic events in the surgically treated population is not known, although atherosclerotic changes of intracranial vessels or within the aneurysms wall or neck area are seen often during surgery
We recently reported that delayed lithium therapy can improve stroke recovery in rats by augmenting neurovascular remodeling. We tested the hypothesis that lithium can promote the expression of growth factors in brain endothelial cells and astrocytes.
Cavernous malformations of the brain (CMs) cause intracranial hemorrhage, but its reported frequency varies, partly attributable to study design. To improve the validity of future research, we aimed to develop a robust definition of CM hemorrhage.
Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, Volume 9, Number 16, November 2008 , pp. 2881-2891(11)
The selective monoamine oxidase type B inhibitor selegiline is commonly administered as medical treatment to patients suffering from Parkinson's disease.
The high incidence of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) in Finland may be related to genetic or environmental factors, which may also influence patient and aneurysm characteristics. We compared these characteristics in 2 cohorts in Finland (Kuopio) and the Netherlands (Utrecht).
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Volume 17, Issue 6, Pages 436-438 (November 2008)
Cor triatriatum (CT) is a rare congenital heart disease characterized by a fibromuscular membrane that divides the left atrium into two distinct chambers and mostly manifests during infancy mimicking mitral valve stenosis.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Volume 17, Issue 6, Pages 433-435 (November 2008)
Oculomotor nerve palsy is very rare as the only manifestation of internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion, and the angiographic findings have not been described in detail.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Volume 17, Issue 6, Pages 429-432 (November 2008)
Cerebral venous and dural sinus thrombosis (CVDST) is a rare but not uncommon life-threatening disease accounting for less than 1% of stroke, affecting people of any age group, predominantly the extremes of age.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Volume 17, Issue 6, Pages 426-428 (November 2008)
A 55-year-old man presented with generalized seizures and postictal left hemiparesis. Computed tomography scanning of his head showed a low density area in the right frontal lobe.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Volume 17, Issue 6, Pages 423-425 (November 2008)
An 86-year-old man with a history of brain infarction was admitted because of recurrent stroke with symptoms of left hemiparesis. Ultrasonography revealed a mobile thrombus in the brachiocephalic artery.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Volume 17, Issue 6, Pages 418-422 (November 2008)
Acute stroke therapies are effective but may have serious adverse effects. This makes an accurate diagnosis mandatory. Acute stroke is diagnosed on the basis of neurologic findings, laboratory testing, and a computed tomography scan of the brain.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Volume 17, Issue 6, Pages 412-417 (November 2008)
We sought to relate circulating biomarkers of extracellular matrix turnover to site-specific measures of carotid artery atherosclerosis on duplex ultrasound.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Volume 17, Issue 6, Pages 406-411 (November 2008)
Although stroke is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, no studies on stroke were reported from Palestine. The objective of this study was to identify the risk factors and incidence rates of stroke in a well-defined area in north Palestine (i.e., the district of Nablus) with 362,159 native Palestinian inhabitants.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Volume 17, Issue 6, Pages 401-405 (November 2008)
Insulin resistance (IR) is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality including ischemic stroke. Its final complications are cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease caused by atherosclerosis. However, few studies on the relationship between IR and intracranial (IC) atherosclerosis have been reported.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Volume 17, Issue 6, Pages 394-400 (November 2008)
We encountered asymptomatic large T2 high-signal pontine lesion (PL) with peachlike configurations on magnetic resonance imaging. The objective of this study was to determine the pathogenic factors for such PLs and to differentiate PL from ischemic rarefaction.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Volume 17, Issue 6, Pages 388-393 (November 2008)
Vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia (VBD) is a poorly understood vasculopathy. VBD may be associated with an increased likelihood of stroke and all-cause mortality. The purpose of this study was to establish predictors for clinical outcome in VBD, and better guide therapeutic medical and surgical interventions.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Volume 17, Issue 6, Pages 382-387 (November 2008)
The aim of this study was to identify the characteristics of patients with stroke who were discharged home despite their need for acute hospital treatment.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Volume 17, Issue 6, Pages 378-381 (November 2008)
Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of posterior cerebral artery infarction with hemiparesis (PCAH) is limited to case reports with T2-weighted lesions involving the cerebral peduncle.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Volume 17, Issue 6, Pages 373-377 (November 2008)
Indapamide (IND) and bendroflumethiazide (BDZ) are both widely used in patients with stroke. We compared their effects on arterial blood pressure (BP) and arterial stiffness in a group of patients with stroke.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Volume 17, Issue 6, Pages 370-372 (November 2008)
Cigarette smoking is the most modifiable risk factor for the formation and rupture of intracranial aneurysm (IA). This study examined the impact of participation in the Familial IA study on smoking behavior.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Volume 17, Issue 6, Pages 366-369 (November 2008)
We investigated the interconnection between natural history of middle cerebral artery (MCA) recanalization by transcranial Doppler (TCD) and stroke severity in patients not treated by fibrinolysis.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Volume 17, Issue 6, Pages 360-365 (November 2008)
To develop effective strategies to address the needs of young patients with stroke, it is important to recognize what components of stroke care they receive.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Volume 17, Issue 6, Pages 356-359 (November 2008)
Standard aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid [ASA])-dipyridamole therapy twice daily is associated with high rates of discontinuation in large part because of headache and gastrointestinal side effects.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Volume 17, Issue 6, Pages 340-343 (November 2008)
Recent studies have shown that patients with increased oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) as measured by positron emission tomography (PET) have a substantially increased risk of stroke as a result of hemodynamic insufficiency.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Volume 17, Issue 6, Pages 334-339 (November 2008)
Some patients report the absence of a typical headache at the onset of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). We investigated the clinical backgrounds and characteristics of patients with SAH without headache and compared the findings with those of patients with SAH and headache.
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