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Optimal monitoring of cardiac output and intravascular volume is of paramount importance for good fluid management of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage
(SAH). The aim of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of advanced hemodynamic monitoring with transpulmonary thermodilution and to provide descriptive data early after
SAH.
Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics, Volume 32, Issue 1, Pages 53-60
This paper reveals the influence of elastic anisotropy for the peri-implant stress and strain in personalized mandible. First, from CT data, the individual geometry of the complete range of mandible was well reproduced, also the separation between cortical and cancellous bone.
Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics, Volume 32, Issue 1, Pages 78-81
Hemangioblastoma of the conus medullaris with MRI has not been reported before. A 75-year-old man had a history of falling due to weakness of his left lower limb. MRI revealed a well-defined oval mass in the conus
medullaris.
Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics, Volume 32, Issue 1, Pages 67-77
According to indicator dilution theory tissue time–concentration curves have to be deconvolved with arterial input curves in order to get valid perfusion results. Our aim was to adapt and validate a deconvolution method originating from magnetic resonance techniques and apply it to the calculation of dynamic contrast enhanced computed tomography perfusion imaging. The application of a
block-circulant matrix approach for singular value decomposition renders the analysis independent of tracer arrival time to improve the results.
To describe a patient with a predominantly unilateral intracranial arterial stenosis who then developed metastatic lung cancer to the brain, with the tumors preferentially depositing in the underperfused cerebral hemisphere.
Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care. 63(5):1026-1031, November 2007
The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score is widely accepted as the cornerstone in the assessment of neurologic function after trauma and is being used to select patients for enrollment in prehospital (Ph) intervention trials. This study was performed to assess the degree of agreement between Ph-GCS and emergency department (ED)-GCS scores in our trauma system patients.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 28:1981-1987, November-December 2007
Perfusion imaging using CT can provide additional information about tumor vascularity and angiogenesis for characterizing
gliomas. The purpose of our study was to demonstrate the usefulness of various perfusion CT (PCT) parameters in assessing the grade of
treatment-naïve gliomas and also to compare it with conventional MR imaging features.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death and disability in young adults. Growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor I
(GH-IGF-I) system has an important role in the recovery of the central nervous system.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 28:2014-2016, November-December 2007
Acute spontaneous subdural hematoma without the presence of a subarachnoid hemorrhage as a result of a ruptured aneurysm is rare. We present the case of a patient with an aneurysm of the intrasellar anterior communicating artery that caused hemorrhage solely into the subdural space. The hemorrhage then migrated down the spinal canal.
Jackie Jukes lives in rural Victoria. Her daughter Eilish suffered a stroke at age 3 years. Jackie has been involved in establishing a childhood stroke support network.
Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care. 63(5):1032-1042, November 2007
The aims of the present study were to describe the temporal hemodynamic and oxygen transport patterns of patients with head injuries as well as the patterns of those who became brain dead to better understand the role of underlying central regulatory hemodynamic mechanisms and ultimately to improve rates of organ donation.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 28:1843-1849, November-December 2007
Proton MR spectroscopy (1H-MR spectroscopy) is a quantitative MR imaging technique often used to complement the sensitivity of conventional MR imaging with specific metabolic information. A key metabolite is the amino acid derivative
N-acetylaspartate (NAA), which is almost exclusive to neurons and their processes and is, therefore, an accepted marker of their health and attenuation.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 28:1882-1889, November-December 2007
The proximity of the paraclinoid segment of the internal carotid artery to the visual pathways may result in visual deficits when patients present with aneurysms in this segment. Although surgical clip ligation of these aneurysms has been the standard of care for decades, the advent of coil embolization has permitted endovascular therapy in those aneurysms with favorable dome-to-neck ratios. Although immediate nonprogressive visual loss after coil embolization of paraclinoid aneurysms has been well described, isolated progressive visual loss immediately or shortly following coil
embolization, to our knowledge, has not.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 28:1975-1980, November-December 2007
Qualitative CT perfusion (CTP) assessment by using the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) allows rapid calculation of infarct extent for middle cerebral artery infarcts. Published thresholds exist for noncontrast CT
(NCCT) ASPECTS, which may distinguish outcome/complication risk, but early ischemic signs are difficult to detect.
Current Opinion in Neurology. 20(6):712-718, December 2007
The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the identification of novel molecular targets in neurooncology and their translation into clinical practice.
The primate posterior parietal cortex has been implicated in a large number of cognitive functions. In this issue of Neuron, Cui and Andersen show that neurons in this area maintain
effector-specific coding of motor intentions without specific sensory instructions and therefore when behavior is chosen by the animal freely.
Imaging studies are consistent with the existence of brain regions specialized for color, but electrophysiological studies have produced conflicting results. Here we address the neural basis for color, using targeted single-unit recording in alert macaque monkeys, guided by functional magnetic resonance imaging
(fMRI) of the same subjects.
The posterior parietal cortex (PPC) of rhesus monkeys has been found to encode the behavioral meaning of categories of sensory stimuli. When animals are instructed with sensory cues to make either eye or hand movements to a target, PPC cells also show specificity depending on which effector (eye or hand) is instructed for the movement.
Mammalian cortical development involves neuronal migration and neuritogenesis; this latter process forms the structural precursors to axons and dendrites. Elucidating the pathways that regulate the cytoskeleton to drive these processes is fundamental to our understanding of cortical development.
The hippocampus is thought to contribute to episodic memory in part by binding stimuli to their spatiotemporal context. The present study examined how hippocampal neuronal populations encode spatial and temporal context as rats performed a task in which they were required to remember the order of trial-unique sequences of odors.
We performed two-photon in vivo imaging of cerebellar climbing fibers (CFs; the terminal arbor of olivocerebellar axons) in adult mice. CF ascending branches innervate Purkinje cells while CF transverse branches show a near complete failure to form conventional synapses.
To explore the relationship of seizure occurrence with candidate seizure precipitants in a prospective diary study, and to determine the relationship of precipitants to seizure self-prediction.
We assessed sex differences in stroke prevalence among individuals of midlife age (35 to 64 years) in the United States and determined factors predicting stroke.
Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used to investigate the in vivo pathology of frontotemporal lobar degeneration. However, few neuroimaging studies have focused on white matter (WM) alterations in this disease.
Paroxysmal exercise-induced dystonia is a rare hyperkinetic disease characterized by episodic dystonic attacks after prolonged exercise. However, its pathophysiological and anatomical basis are poorly understood.
To describe a patient with a predominantly unilateral intracranial arterial stenosis who then developed metastatic lung cancer to the brain, with the tumors preferentially depositing in the underperfused cerebral hemisphere.
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is understood on a genetic and a molecular level better than most diseases. Young children with SCD are at a very high risk of stroke.
Low-frequency fluctuations in fMRI data are believed to reflect synchronous and spontaneous fluctuations in neuronal networks. A study by Fox et al. in this issue of Neuron shows that these spontaneous fluctuations in the motor cortex can account for significant trial-to-trial variations in both the fMRI response and behavior.
Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care. 63(5):1010-1013, November 2007
Posttraumatic transtentorial herniation or intractable intracranial hypertension are ominous signs, and are associated with very poor outcomes. Aggressive procedures, such as brain
lobectomies, may benefit some of these patients. The published experience with brain lobectomies is very limited.
Acta Paediatrica Volume 96 Issue 12 Page 1743-1750, December 2007
The objective of this prospective study was to evaluate the influence of
peri-/intraventricular haemorrhage (PIVH) grades I-IV on amplitude-integrated electroencephalographic
(aEEG) activity in preterm infants <30 weeks gestational age (GA).
In recent years, four specific strategies have emerged which have proven clinical benefit in treating acute stroke. These are the administration of tissue plasminogen activator
(tPA), aspirin, management in a stroke care unit (SCU) and the use of hemicraniectomy in patients with severe cerebral
oedema.
Information on anatomical connectivity in the brain by measurements of the diffusion of water in white matter tracts lead to quantification of local tract directionality and integrity.
Pediatric Critical Care Medicine. 8(6):1-8, November 2007
Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is common in children, and providing accurate and timely prognostic information is important in determining the appropriate level of care. While practice parameters are available for prognostication in adults, similar reviews are not available for children. This article reviews the current evidence in domains used to provide prognostic information in children with coma due to
HIE. These include historical features of the event; physical exam signs; neurophysiologic studies, such as electroencephalogram and evoked potentials; and neuroimagin
To determine the efficacy and safety of tadalafil when taken on demand by men with erectile dysfunction (ED) secondary to traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI).
Chronic cerebral arterial vasospasm is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
(SAH). Not all cases of SAH, however, develop chronic vasospasm. Inflammation, specifically leukocyte–endothelial cell interactions, appears to be critical in vasospasm development. Haptoglobin (Hp) is a serum protein that limits the extent of inflammation after a hemorrhagic event. An individual’s Hp genotype may predict the severity of the inflammatory response during a hemorrhagic event, and consequently modulate the risk for vasospasm.
JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute 2007 99(21):1583-1593
Invasion is a defining hallmark of glioblastoma multiforme, just as metastasis characterizes other high-grade tumors. Glial tumors invariably recur due to the regrowth of invasive cells, which are unaffected by standard treatment modalities.
Epilepsy has a significant influence on the patient's quality of life. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of ongoing seizures on school attendance amongst children with epilepsy.
Incidence and mortality rates of traumatic brain injury (TBI) were investigated by using the Northern Finland Birth Cohort. This cohort provides a valuable source of data from the population born in 1966 (n = 12,058) in the 2 northernmost provinces of Finland.
Recent clinical trials imply increased risk of vascular events after statin withdrawal. There is evidence that this observation relates to an impaired nitric oxide system. The present analysis investigates the effect of initiation and withdrawal of statin therapy on resting and functionally activated cerebral hemodynamics in healthy young volunteers.
With an incidence of nearly 1%, epilepsy represents one of the most frequent diseases in the population. Nevertheless substantial information gaps exist as to the exact incidence, prevalence, therapy and particularly to associated therapeutic success. Adequate studies are not performed on many of these issues which are primarily beyond the current interests of the pharmaceutical industry.
Stroke is a major cause of disability and death in children. It can have devastating consequences for families and enormous costs to society. Although considered rare, stroke is more common in children than brain
tumours. Ten percent of children suffering stroke will die as a result, and at least 50% of survivors are left with significant neurological disabilities, learning difficulties or seizures.
Cerebral vasospasm is one of the major complications of subarachnoid hemorrhage
(SAH). Its pathogenesis still remains elusive, and effective therapeutic strategies are yet to be established. We investigated the role of
proteinase-activated receptor-1 (PAR1) in the hypercontractile state in
SAH.
Data are lacking on the differences in hemorrhagic stroke incidence between black Caribbean (BC), black African (BA), and white ethnic groups. We estimated the incidence for primary intracerebral hemorrhage
(PICH) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and the associated risk factors for
BCs, BAs, and whites.
This article investigates the value of early diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of Doppler ultrasound for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
(HIE).
Factors Influencing the Academic Performance of School Children with Epilepsy
The academic performance and intelligence quotient (IQ) of 50 children with epilepsy aged between 5 and 14 years, attending normal primary schools in Enugu, were compared with those of their non-epileptic classmates.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) produces a state of vulnerability that reduces the brain capacity to cope with secondary insults. The silent information regulator 2 (Sir2) has been implicated with maintaining genomic stability and cellular homeostasis under challenging situation.
Between April 2002 and March 2007, there were 1171 consultations where stroke was managed, occurring at over 2 per 1000 encounters. This suggests that general practitioners manage stroke on about 237 000 occasions nationally each year.
Patient care practices often lag behind current scientific evidence and professional guidelines. The failure of such knowledge translation (KT) efforts may reflect inadequate assessment and management of specific barriers confronting both physicians and patients at the point of treatment level. Effective KT in this setting may benefit from the use of qualitative methods to identify and overcome these barriers.
The treatment of patients with large hemispheric ischaemic stroke accompanied by massive space-occupying oedema represents one of the major unsolved problems in neurocritical care medicine.
PEDIATRICS Vol. 120 No. 5 November 2007, pp. 1053-1057
Iron-deficiency anemia occurs with a peak prevalence of 4% to 8% in children between 1 and 3 years of age. Case reports have suggested an association between iron-deficiency anemia in healthy children and ischemic stroke. Our objective was to investigate whether iron-deficiency anemia is associated with stroke in young children.
Mild traumatic brain injury is now claimed to be the signature injury of the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts. During World War I, shell shock came to occupy a similar position of prominence, and postconcussional syndrome assumed some importance in World War II.
The risk of recurrent stroke is highest within the first few weeks after a transient ischemic attack (TIA), and it is likely to be related to the underlying pathology. We sought to study the early risk of recurrent stroke by etiologic subtype.
Persons with early stages of chronic kidney disease, defined by a decreased glomerular filtration rate
(GFR), have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. It is unclear whether decreased GFR is a risk factor for stroke. We assessed the association between GFR and stroke in a prospective population-based cohort study.
Following traumatic brain injury (TBI), cascades of inflammatory processes occur. Laboratory studies implicate the cytokines interleukin-1Alpha (IL-1Alpha) and IL-1Beta in the pathophysiology of TBI and cerebral ischemia, whilst exogenous and endogenous interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) is
neuroprotective.
The iron-induced model of post-traumatic chronic focal epilepsy in rats was studied by depth-electrode mapping to investigate the spread of epileptiform activity into subcortical brain structures after its onset in the cortical epileptic focus.
Epileptic seizures are a frequent manifestation of Hashimoto's encephalopathy. However, status epilepticus associated with Hashimoto's encephalopathy are not well characterized in medical literature. We described here a 16-year-old girl who presented with complex partial status epilepticus associated with elevated anti-thyroid antibodies.
Indian Journal of Urology Year : 2007 Volume : 23 Issue : 4 Page : 467-468
Seizures can lead to different types of injuries which can be as simple as minor lacerations and at times as serious as fractures and head injuries. We are reporting a case wherein a female patient presented with a history of abdominal pain and not passing urine for 24h following an attack of seizure.
A 40-year-old Caucasian gentleman visited our hospital with complaints of sudden onset of diplopia of two weeks duration. The night before the onset he was at a dance party where he consumed alcohol and cocaine.
Although it is estimated that 60–65% of the Australian population have used complementary therapies (CT) at some time, the figure with regard to cardiovascular disease
(CVD) is not known. One study1 found that 36% of patients with CVD had used CT in the previous 12 months; the most commonly used therapies being herbs (18%)
(eg. echinacea, garlic, ginseng, Ginkgo biloba, glucosamine) and mind-body therapies (17%)
(eg. deep breathing exercises, meditation).
The usefulness of fast fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery (FLAIR) sequences after administration of contrast medium (f-FLAIR (+)) has been shown in depicting brain tumors including metastases and meningeal
carcinomatosis. Contrast-enhanced multi-shot echo-planar FLAIR
(Ms-EPI-FLAIR (+)), comprising combined sequences of f-FLAIR (+) and
Ms-EPI, may provide the advantages of f-FLAIR (+) along with rapid acquisition.
Besides cerebrovascular disease, medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA), a neuroimaging finding suggestive of degenerative pathology, has been shown in vascular dementia
(VaD). However, it is unknown to what extent MTA contributes to the pattern of cognitive impairment observed in
VaD. Therefore, our purpose was to investigate the relative contribution of cerebrovascular disease and MTA to cognitive impairment in patients fulfilling diagnostic criteria for
VaD.
The authors make a brief reference to the predictors of febrile seizure (FS) recurrence; however they do not distinguish between the first recurrence and further ones. In our recently published study we identified not only the prognostic factors for the first recurrence but also for further ones.
Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is one of the most common types of intracranial hemorrhage, especially in the elderly, with a significant recurrence rate ranging from 9.2 to 26.5%. The role of postoperative patient posture in the recurrence of CSDH has not been studied sufficiently.
To study the occurrence of secondary insults during neurointensive care of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage using a computerized multimodality monitoring system and to study the impact of secondary insults on clinical deterioration and functional outcome.
Advances in functional mapping have enabled us to extend the indications of surgery for low-grade gliomas
(LGGs) within eloquent regions. However, to our knowledge, no study has been specifically dedicated to the resection of LGGs within Broca's area.
Although carotid and vertebral intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) can lead to both hemodynamic insufficiency and
thromboembolism, its fluid dynamic properties remain undefined because of its intricate features and complex three-dimensional geometry.
Microvascular decompression is commonly performed for medically refractory trigeminal neuralgia. A piece of polytetrafluoroethylene
(PTFE) is usually placed between the trigeminal nerve and the blood vessel causing the compression.
IN 1891, DR. Cemil Topuzlu operated on a brain abscess that originated as a complication of a depression fracture of the cranial inner table. The patient presented with Jacksonian seizures on his left side after a sharp trauma resulting in a 15 cm-long scalp laceration and underlying linear cranial fracture in the right parietal bone.
Microfabricated devices with nanoscale features have been proposed as new microinstrumentation for cellular and subcellular surgical procedures, but their effectiveness in vivo has yet to be demonstrated.
The female preponderance of meningiomas may reflect hormonal influences on meningioma growth. We hypothesized that because obesity affects male steroid hormone synthesis, male patients with meningiomas might exhibit a high obesity rate, which, in turn, might increase their frequency of postoperative complications.
To differentiate recurrent tumors from radiation effects and necrosis in patients with irradiated brain tumors using perfusion computed tomographic (PCT) imaging.
Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) is an approach in local brain tumor treatment. The spread of infusate in CED can be thought of as involving three phases: backflow, convection, and diffusion. Uncontrolled backflow may lead to efflux of the infusate outside the cranium.
To describe a case of contralateral hearing loss (CHL) in vestibular schwannoma (VS) surgery and to discuss the factors potentially related with this complication.
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) affect more than one million Americans, predisposing them to a lifetime risk of hemorrhagic stroke and epilepsy. A potential role of the immune response in this disease has not been postulated previously but is compelling given the unique antigenic milieu of CCM lesions with sequestered thrombi and a leaky blood-brain barrier and the numerous examples of immune modulation of angiogenesis in other disease states.
The presence of multiple, nonenhancing areas of hyperintensity without mass effect are well recognized on magnetic resonance imaging scans in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Focal regions of brainstem enlargement with or without contrast enhancement are considerably less frequent; the neuroimaging characteristics and natural history of these lesions in patients with NF1 are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to define the clinical and radiographic course of brainstem lesions in children with NF1.
Determining factors predictive of the natural risk of rupture of cerebral aneurysms is difficult because of the need to control for confounding variables. We studied factors associated with rupture in a study model of patients with multiple cerebral aneurysms, one aneurysm that had ruptured and one or more that had not, in which each patient served as their own internal control.
We previously reported specific genotypes of polymorphisms in two genes, tumor necrosis factor-[alpha]
(TNF-[alpha]-238G > A) and Apolipoprotein E (ApoE e2), as independent predictors of new intracranial hemorrhage
(ICH) in the natural course of untreated brain arteriovenous malformations. We hypothesized that the risk of posttreatment ICH would also be greater in patients with brain arteriovenous malformations with these genotypes.
The aim of this study was to measure microvascular perfusion (MVP) on the brain surface in global ischemia and reperfusion by means of intravital fluorescence microscopy.
Chronic subdural hematoma (CSH) is characterized by pathological vascularization of the parietal membrane. Plasma leakage from immature vessels may be involved in hematoma enlargement and recurrence. We tested the hypothesis that the antiangiogenic side-effect of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitor treatment for the control of arterial hypertension reduces the risk of recurrence in
CSH.
Locomotor training using body weight support and a treadmill as a therapeutic modality for rehabilitation of walking post-stroke is being rapidly adopted into clinical practice. There is an urgent need for a well-designed trial to determine the effectiveness of this intervention.
The choice of antiepileptic drug for an individual should be based upon the highest quality evidence regarding potential benefits and harms of the available treatments. Systematic reviews and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials should be a major source of evidence supporting this decision making process. We summarise all available individual patient data evidence from randomised controlled trials that compared at least two out of eight antiepileptic drugs given as
monotherapy.
In patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), diffuse axonal injury (DAI) accounts for a significant amount of parenchymal injury. Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging
(DWI) is known to be sensitive for detecting visible DAI lesions.
PEDIATRICS Vol. 120 No. 5 November 2007, pp. e1229-e1236
Among a cohort of long-term neuroblastoma survivors, our aims were to (1) assess the association between treatment intensity and parent-reported hearing loss in the child, (2) evaluate the strength of the association between hearing loss and parent-reported academic and psychosocial difficulties in the child, and (3) examine the association between parent-reported academic and psychosocial difficulties in the child and the child's self-reported quality of life.
Demyelination is a prominent feature of spinal cord injury (SCI) and is followed by incomplete
remyelination, which may contribute to physiological impairment. Demyelination has been documented in several species including humans, but the extent of demyelination and its functional consequence remain unknown.
The intention-to-treat analysis of data from the placebo-controlled Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels
(SPARCL) trial found 80 mg atorvastatin per day reduced the risk of stroke and major coronary events in patients with recent stroke or transient ischemic attack.
The SAINT I trial that showed a significant benefit of the neuroprotectant NXY-059 used a novel outcome for acute ischemic stroke trials: a shift toward good functional outcome on the 7-category modified Rankin scale
(mRS).
To investigate the effect of oxcarbazepine against standard antiepileptic drug therapy
(carbamazepine and valproate) on cognitive function in children and adolescents (aged 6 to <17 years) with newly diagnosed partial seizures.
We retrospectively reviewed our clinical experience with PGB when used as add-on therapy in 101 patients (56 women and 45 men) with refractory partial epilepsy, who have been followed up for at least 1 year. Mean age was 40 years (16–64); mean number of concomitant AEDs was 2.8. Most patients (43) had temporal lobe epilepsy.
Although epileptic seizures occur more commonly in older adults, their occurrence in this age group is often unexplained. One unexplored precipitant of seizures in older adults is obstructive sleep apnea
(OSA), which is also more common in this age group.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 263, Issue 1, Pages 218-222 (15 December 2007)
We report on a four-year-old girl with head trauma caused by a motor vehicle accident. She presented with delirium, oculomotor palsy and ptosis in her left eye, left
hemiparesis, and pyramidal signs in all extremities. Computed tomography on the day of admission showed diffuse cerebral edema with right-sided predominance. Magnetic resonance images on day 3 of admission showed lesions of diffuse axonal injury and contusion in the corpus callosum and right occipital and bilateral temporal lobes.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 263, Issue 1, Pages 165-168 (15 December 2007)
Background and aims 1) To measure the one year cumulative incidence of depression after ischemic stroke event and 2) to compare its incidence with that of Parkinson's disease (PD) in an outpatient neurology department.
Motor and sensitive nerve conduction studies, visual (VEP), brainstem auditory
(BAEP) and somatosensory (SSEP) evoked potentials in 82 patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2), 62 presymptomatics relatives and 80 controls, correlating it with CAG repeat, disease duration and ataxia score were assessed.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 263, Issue 1, Pages 118-123 (15 December 2007)
Double saccadic pulses (DSP) are saccadic intrusions that consist of an initial saccade away from a fixation followed immediately by a return saccade back to the fixation. DSP have been reported in patients with presumed multiple sclerosis and metabolic encephalopathy. However, DSP have not been described in a circumscribed brain lesion.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 263, Issue 1, Pages 113-117 (15 December 2007)
Genetic variants in Phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) and 5-lipoxygenase activating protein (ALOX5AP) have been shown to confer risk of Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease
(ICVD) in Iceland. We investigated whether these variants associate with ICVD in Sweden.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 263, Issue 1, Pages 75-78 (15 December 2007)
The relation between seizures and small subcortical infarcts is uncertain. The present retrospective study investigates whether differences are observed between patients with and without seizures following a lacunar stroke.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 263, Issue 1, Pages 54-58 (15 December 2007)
Microembolic signals (MES) on transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) are occasionally detected in acute ischemic stroke patients and gradually decrease over time. If MES is detectable at 7 days after stroke onset, embolic source lesions may still be active. We hypothesized that presence of MES at 7 days after stroke onset is strongly associated with stroke recurrence.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 263, Issue 1, Pages 35-39 (15 December 2007)
Reduction in stroke risk may depend on the general population's knowledge of stroke. In South America, chagasic myocardiopathy is independently associated with ischemic stroke.
Retinal ischemia is a major cause of visual impairment and is associated with a high risk of subsequent ischemic stroke. The retina and its projections are easily accessible for experimental procedures and functional evaluation.
Recent clinical evidences indicate that statins may have beneficial effects on the functional recovery after ischemic stroke. However, the effect of delayed postischemic treatment with statins is still unclear. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of fluvastatin in the chronic stage of cerebral infarction in a rat model.
Axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury (SCI) in adult mammals is limited by inhibitors associated with myelin and the glial scar. To overcome these inhibitors, a combined approach will be required.
Cerebral edema (CE) is a frequent and potentially lethal consequence of various
neurotraumas, including penetrating brain injury (PBI). Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channel is predominantly expressed by astrocytes and plays an important role in regulating water balance in the normal and injured brain.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Volume 16, Issue 5, Pages 194-198
To investigate whether calendrical information influences the occurrence of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage, we statistically compared the incidence of intracerebral hemorrhage for inpatients at Teraoka Memorial Hospital (164 patients), against various calendrical factors such as the day of the week, national holidays, and RokuYo (a recurring six-day series of lucky and unlucky days in the Japanese traditional calendar) over the period from January 1, 2001 to December 31, 2003.
Olfactory neuroblastomas are very aggressive tumors with a high locoregional recurrence rate and distant metastasis. Surgical treatment, including craniofacial resection, has been the main treatment modality, but treatment outcomes of concurrent chemoradiotherapy remain unclear. We present our experiences regarding the treatment outcome of patients with advanced olfactory neuroblastoma undergoing surgical treatment and concurrent
chemoradiotherapy.
Much evidence suggests that acute intracerebral haemorrhage usually starts to appear an hour or two after a thromboembolic brain infarct. Intravenous thrombolytic treatment is accepted treatment for acute ischaemic stroke; but all neurologists concur that brain imaging should be performed first, so that thrombolysis can be avoided if bleeding has already started.
European Journal of Cancer, Volume 43, Issue 16, Pages 2366-2372
Neuroblastoma (NB), an embryonic tumour originating from neural crest cells, is one of the most common solid tumours in childhood. Although NB is characterised by numerous recurrent, large-scale chromosome rearrangements, the genes targeted by these imbalances have remained elusive.
European Journal of Cancer, Volume 43, Issue 16, Pages 2413-2422
The c-Myc and MYCN oncogenes strongly induce cell proliferation. Although a limited series of cell cycle genes were found to be induced by the myc transcription factors, it is still unclear how they mediate the proliferative phenotype. We therefore analysed a neuroblastoma cell line with inducible MYCN expression.
European Journal of Immunology Volume 37, Issue 11 , Pages 3190 - 3196
Adoptive cellular immunotherapy has been proposed as an additional treatment of
medulloblastoma, an intracranial tumor characterized by a particularly poor prognosis. However, little is known on the ability of the immune system to effectively attack this tumor. In this study, we show that activated human NK cells efficiently kill medulloblastoma cell lines in vitro.
Previous reports suggest a protective role for anti-La autoantibody against the development of lupus nephritis. We studied the effect of anti-La on the prevalence of nephritis in a large cohort of lupus patients. In addition, we determined the association between anti-La and the presence of the various other lupus manifestations.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Volume 16, Issue 5, Pages 236-237
Internal carotid artery (ICA) agenesis is a rare vascular anomaly that, in combination with occlusion of the contralateral ICA, produces significant strain on the posterior circulation for collateral flow. We report a patient who presented with transient ischemic attack and was found to have congenital ICA agenesis and contralateral ICA occlusion with cerebral perfusion maintained through dilated vertebrobasilar circulation.
Migraineurs with frequent aura (>1 per month) are at a 12-fold increased risk of posterior circulation infarctions. Although the mechanism is unclear, these lesions are located in the arterial borderzone of the cerebellum.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Volume 16, Issue 5, Pages 187-193
Epidemiologic studies suggest sex differences in evaluation of patients presenting with ischemic stroke. Sex differences in stroke evaluation could lead to sex differences in the validity of diagnosing ischemic stroke subtypes. This study assessed sex differences in the Ischemic Stroke Genetics Study
(ISGS).
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Volume 16, Issue 5, Pages 208-215
This study prospectively evaluated long-term outcome 2 years after 6-8 weeks of day hospital rehabilitation
(DHR) for stroke in younger patients. Assessment findings after discharge from DHR and at follow-up 2 years later using 3 instruments—the FIM (originally known as the Functional Independence Measure), SF-36, and EuroQol (now known as EQ-5D)—were compared.
The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American). 2007;89:2440-2449
Despite the many reports attesting to the efficacy of intraoperative somatosensory evoked potential monitoring in reducing the prevalence of iatrogenic spinal cord injury during corrective scoliosis surgery, these afferent neurophysiological signals can provide only indirect evidence of injury to the motor tracts since they monitor posterior column function. Early reports on the use of transcranial electric motor evoked potentials to monitor the corticospinal motor tracts directly suggested that the method holds great promise for improving detection of emerging spinal cord injury.
Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery, Volume 109, Issue 10, Pages 853-857
In the developed countries, elderly population is rapidly increasing, but outcomes of elderly patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage
(SAH) remain unclear.
White matter hyperintensities have been associated with increased risk of stroke, cognitive decline, and dementia. Chronic kidney disease is a risk factor for vascular disease and has been associated with inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of white matter
hyperintensities. Few studies have explored the relationship between chronic kidney disease and white matter
hyperintensities.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Volume 16, Issue 5, Pages 199-202
The administration of an adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor antagonist, such as
clopidogrel, is recommended for recurrent stroke patients under aspirin treatment. However, up to 25% of vascular patients have an inadequate response to clopidogrel treatment, which could be associated with increased reinfarction rates.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Volume 16, Issue 5, Pages 203-207
The peripheral inflammatory response, as a proxy for the acute-phase response (a known mechanism for ischemic preconditioning), and non-damage-producing transient ischemia must exist together in humans if this candidate mechanism confers ischemic tolerance.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Volume 16, Issue 5, Pages 216-219
Echocardiography is often performed in patients with stroke, even when alterative stroke causes are identified. We evaluated the use of echocardiography in patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) or stroke caused by stenosis of a major intracranial artery.
In the elderly, cerebral ischemia (CI) occurs in the presence of high levels of
amyloid. Neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease and CI. This study examined infarct size,
neuroinflammation, and cognitive deficits over time in rat models of Alzheimer's disease and CI.
The objective of this study was to examine the association of 2 nonsynonymous intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) gene variants (Lys56Met and Gly241Arg) with baseline plasma soluble ICAM1 concentrations and with risk of total and selected cardiovascular disease
(CVD) events in a prospective cohort of 23 014 apparently healthy white American women followed for 10 years.
Antithrombin (AT), a glycoprotein belonging to the serpin family, blocks thrombin formation and activity at several steps. Thrombin, beside its relevant role in the coagulation cascade, exerts neurodetrimental effects through the activation of a family of protease-activated receptors, which can be implicated in stroke
pathophysiology. The aims of the present study were to evaluate whether AT could reduce brain damage, ameliorate neurologic deficits, and prolong animal survival.
Several methods are available to assess the magnetic resonance perfusion lesion in acute ischemic stroke. We tested 10 of these to compare perfusion lesion sizes and to assess the relation to clinical scores and final infarct extent.
he gap between existing knowledge and the patient care provided in stroke has become more apparent. The translational gap is evidence of our scientific progress, but the sheer magnitude of our implementation gap is astounding. For instance, almost 5 decades ago we recognized the risk factors for stroke, yet in Canada until recently fewer than 20% of cases of hypertension were effectively controlled.
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains a major medical problem for which there is no effective treatment. Oxidative and cytotoxic damage plays an important role in ICH pathogenesis and may represent a target for treatment of
ICH. Recent studies have suggested that nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a pleiotropic transcription factor, may play a key role in protecting cells from
cytotoxic/oxidative damage. This study evaluated the role of Nrf2 in protecting the brain from
ICH-mediated damage.
Protein unfolding and aggregation are dominant early pathogenic events in neurons after brain ischemia. This study used a transient cerebral ischemia model to investigate whether overproduction of unfolded proteins after brain ischemia is a consequence of proteasome dysfunction.
International Journal of Rehabilitation Research. 30(4):339-342, December 2007
In recent years, the importance of understanding the impact of interventions on an individual's ability to participate in social roles after a stroke event has gained much attention. Comprehensive assessment of treatment effectiveness should include a broader range of outcomes, including social participation.
International Journal of Rehabilitation Research. 30(4):315-320, December 2007
The aim of this study was to identify the reasons for the provision of informal rehabilitation services at home to stroke relatives by Thai caregivers. Twenty primary informal caregivers were individually interviewed at their homes by using semistructured questions elaborated by the researchers.
International Journal of Rehabilitation Research. 30(4):289-295, December 2007
Recent studies in neurorehabilitation research show that success in aphasia therapy is linked to a high treatment frequency. Computer-aided therapy offers a solution to the dilemma of increasing therapy frequency while maintaining or reducing the load on therapists' resources. Until now it has, however, been unclear which patients can reasonably be treated with computer-aided therapy.
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 14, Number 11, November 2007 , pp. 1222-1229(8)
Information on subcortical ischaemic changes (SIC) in young hypertensive patients is scarce. We evaluated the frequency of SIC at magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the possible effect on cognition of these patients, and the role of plasma markers known as indicators of endothelial and haemostatic activation.
Currently, a major focus on expanding acute ischemic stroke treatment opportunities centers on the development of drugs and devices with longer time windows for use. We sought to determine the time intervals within which stroke patients present to establish whether time window expansion will translate into more treatment.
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 14, Number 11, November 2007 , pp. 1189-1200(12)
A task force to develop guidelines for diagnostic evaluation and treatment of sleep disorders in degenerative neurologic disorders and stroke was initiated by the European Federation of Neurological Societies (EFNS). The aims were to provide evidence-based recommendations in the management of sleep disorders associated with degenerative neurologic disorders and stroke.
Lacunar stroke has been defined as an infarct <15 mm in diameter in the presence of symptoms of lacunar syndromes. We investigated a new approach in predicting whether a deep infarct is caused by small arterial occlusion.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Volume 16, Issue 5, Pages 225-231
Antiplatelet effects of angiotensin II receptor blocker have been suggested, but satisfactory results in clinical settings are lacking. We investigated spontaneous platelet aggregation (SPA) and CD62P levels in patients with hypertension and chronic-stage ischemic stroke.
Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery, Volume 109, Issue 10, Pages 837-843
Arachnoid cysts are non-tumorous intra-arachnoid fluid collections that account for about 1% of all intracranial space-occupying lesions. In this article, we review the current concepts about these lesions and discuss the treatment alternatives. The aetiology of arachnoid cysts has been a controversial subject. They are regarded as developmental abnormality of the arachnoid, originating from a splitting or duplication of this membrane.
Signaling through estrogen receptor alpha (ER) regulates vasodilatation and atherogenesis. Since hypertension and atherosclerosis are major mechanisms in stroke development.
International Journal of Radiation OncologyBiologyPhysics, Volume 69, Issue 4, Pages 1246-1253
To investigate the radiosensitizing potential of temozolomide (TMZ) for human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cell lines using single-dose and fractionated y-irradiation.
International Journal of Radiation OncologyBiologyPhysics, Volume 69, Issue 4, Pages 1254-1261
5-Iodo-2-pyrimidinone-2'-deoxyribose (IPdR) is a novel orally administered (p.o.) prodrug of 5-iododeoxyuridine. Because p.o. IPdR is being considered for clinical testing as a radiosensitizer in patients with high-grade gliomas, we performed this in vivo study of IPdR-mediated cytotoxicity and radiosensitization in a human glioblastoma xenograft model, U87.
Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery, Volume 109, Issue 10, Pages 876-879
Stroke is a rare but increasingly recognized disorder in children. Lack of published clinical trials and experience in most institutions has resulted in significant challenges for clinicians who manage children with stroke.
Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery, Volume 109, Issue 10, Pages 884-887
Only a few cases of intraventricular meningioma have been reported and the association with intracranial haemorrhage is even rarer. More than ever, autopsy findings are scarce. Here, we report a case of primary intraventricular meningioma with intraventricular haemorrhage in a 57-year-old woman.
Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol 25, No 31 (November 1), 2007: pp. 4929-4932
A significant increase in the incidence of neuroblastoma occurred among a 5-year birth cohort (May 1989 to April 1994) during an active urinary screening program for its early detection. We examined the postscreening incidence of neuroblastoma in the subsequent 5-year birth cohort (May 1994 to April 1999), with follow-up to 2002, to determine whether the incidence remained increased.
We investigated childhood brain tumours by histological subtype in relation to prenatal X-ray among all children, less than 15 years of age, born in Sweden between 1975 and 1984.
Neuroblastoma is one of the most devastating pediatric solid tumors and is unresponsive to many interventions. TAE226 is a novel small molecule FAK inhibitor.
Brain atrophy is a common finding in alcoholics. Several mechanisms may be involved, including ethanol itself, malnutrition, liver failure, and, possibly, ethanol-induced hormone and cytokine changes. The aim of this study was to analyse the relation of brain atrophy-assessed by computerized tomography (CT) scan-and the aforementioned alterations.
The Internet Journal of Anesthesiology. 2007. Volume 14 Number 2.
Interventional neuroradiology (INR) can provide treatments for central nervous system (CNS) diseases, especially for intracranial vascular lesions by endovascular access in order to deliver therapeutic agents, including both drugs and devices. The procedures can be lengthy and uncomfortable and patients require sedation or anesthesia in addition to continuous monitoring of the cardiorespiratory and neurologic systems.
International Journal of Clinical Practice doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2007.01333.x
Dialysis patients have a higher incidence of cerebrovascular events compared with the general population. However, the value of C-reactive protein (CRP) in predicting stroke in chronic haemodialysis patients is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the association between serum CRP levels and ischaemic stoke in chronic haemodialysis patients.
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