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International Journal of General Medicine Published: September 2008
We recruited 560 unrelated patients with ischemic stroke and 153 unrelated controls to undertake a genetic analysis for association between the NOS3 gene and ischemic stroke.
Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism advance online publication 13 May 2009;
doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.2009.61
Babies experience hypoxia (H) and ischemia (I) from stroke. The only approved treatment for stroke is fibrinolytic therapy with tissue-type plasminogen activator
(tPA).
In the state of New Jersey, all pediatric patients who are transported to the hospital by emergency medical services for seizures are evaluated by both advanced life support
(ALS) and basic life support (BLS) units.
Epilepsia Special Issue: Epilepsy Syndromes in Development Published Online: 4 May 2009
In its first description (1989), Panayiotopoulos syndrome was defined as an idiopathic epilepsy syndrome with an excellent prognosis, characterized by a clinical ictal triad of nocturnal seizures, tonic deviation of the eyes, and vomiting.
Although ataxia is the most distressing manifestation of Machado-Joseph disease
(MJD), little is known about its natural history. Therefore, we prospectively followed a cohort of patients with MJD for 13 months to characterize the progression of ataxia and identify its contributory factors.
Epilepsia Special Issue: Epilepsy Syndromes in Development Published Online: 4 May 2009
The syndrome of malignant migrating partial seizures in infancy was first reported in 1995, and is now included among the childhood epilepsy syndromes in development in the proposal of the revision of the International League Against Epilepsy
(ILAE) classification of the epilepsies and epilepsy syndromes.
Epilepsia Special Issue: Epilepsy Syndromes in Development Published Online: 4 May 2009
Familial mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (FMTLE) was first described as a benign syndrome with prominent psychic and autonomic seizures and no association with hippocampal sclerosis (HS) or febrile seizures (FS).
Angelman syndrome (AS) commonly presents with epilepsy (>80%). The goal of this study was to examine the natural history and various treatments of epilepsy in AS in a large population.
European Journal of Neurology Published Online: 12 May 2009
Neuronal protein S100B assays are available now with a perspective of being an early screening tool for serious intracranial injury. The aim of the study was to correlate early S100B measurements and initial CCT findings in the patients sustaining mild traumatic brain injury
(MTBI).
Acta Neurologica Scandinavica Published Online: 13 May 2009
We wanted to describe the use of thrombolytic treatment for stroke in Scandinavia, to assess stroke doctors' opinions on this treatment, to identify barriers against treatment, and to suggest improvements to overcome these barriers.
Small, asymptomatic microbleeds commonly accompany larger symptomatic
macrobleeds. It is unclear whether microbleeds and macrobleeds represent arbitrary categories within a single continuum versus truly distinct events with separate
pathophysiologies.
Predictors of smoking abstinence in stroke survivors remain largely unexplored. The present study addressed the relationship between degrees of nicotine dependence and smoking abstinence 3 months after ischemic stroke.
The association between a specific polymorphism (3435C>T) in the ABCB1 gene, coding for the membrane drug transporter P-glycoprotein
(PgP), and pharmacoresistance to seizure control is controversial.
The usefulness of single-pulse electrical stimulation (SPES) during intracranial recordings was evaluated in a pediatric population. This method is useful in identifying epileptogenic cortex in adult subjects.
Suicide is more common in populations with epilepsy, but estimates vary concerning the magnitude of the risk. We aimed to estimate the risk using meta-analysis.
Parents frequently report increased sleep duration in their children during treatment with valproic acid
(VPA). We assessed sleep duration and sleep behavior before and after tapering VPA in children treated for more than 6 months.
Epileptiform discharges (EDs) may be part of the internal arousing stimuli that affect the quality of sleep in patients with epilepsies. We studied the association between EDs and sleep phasic phenomena, and its relevance to seizure control in 19 patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
(JME).
The Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke-Monitoring Study (SITS-MOST) established guidelines to increase safety in acute stroke
thrombolysis, but precluding treatment in an important proportion of patients. We aimed to assess safety/efficacy of thrombolysis in patients with SITS-MOST exclusion criteria.
European Journal of Neurology Published Online: 12 May 2009
hese EFNS guidelines on the molecular diagnosis of neurogenetic disorders are designed to provide practical help for the general neurologist to make appropriate use of molecular genetics in diagnosing neurogenetic disorders.
The Lancet Neurology, Volume 8, Issue 6, Pages 537 - 544, June 2009
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A) is the most common inherited nerve disorder. CMT1A is characterised by peripheral nerve
demyelination, weakness, and impaired motor function and is caused by the duplication of PMP22, the gene that encodes peripheral myelin protein 22.
The Lancet Neurology, Volume 8, Issue 6, Pages 530 - 536, June 2009
The safety and efficacy of thrombolysis after acute stroke in children have not been established. Our aim was to describe current practices and results of the use of alteplase for acute arterial ischaemic stroke in children enrolled in an international pediatric stroke registry and to compare current practices with those published in case reports and with guidelines for the use of alteplase for adult stroke.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:589-590
Syndromes of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIAs) are inherited movement disorders characterised by a progressive degeneration of the nervous system.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:686-688
Generally, activation of the frontal eye field during seizures can cause versive (forced) gaze deviation, while
non-versive head deviation is hypothesised to result from ictal neglect after inactivation of the ipsilateral
temporo-parietal area.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:683-685
Electrophysiological studies in primates indicate that the eye fields of the cerebral hemispheres control gaze in three-dimensional space, and contain neurons that encode both conjugate
(versive) and vergence eye movements.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:693-695
A case of brainstem encephalitis in a man positive for both anti-Hu and anti-Ri antibodies is reported. This case had an unusual double step evolution and progressive involvement of different CNS subdivisions at
MRI.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:626-630
Previous studies have associated coeliac disease (CD) and gluten sensitivity (defined as the presence of
anti-gliadin antibodies and positive immunogenetics) with cerebellar degeneration and epilepsy with occipital calcifications.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:614-619
The effect of electrical somatosensory stimulation on motor performance of the affected hand was investigated in 12 chronic subcortical stroke subjects.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:608-613
Global age related white matter changes (ARWMC) are associated with progressive gait disturbances and falls, hypothesised to result from interruptions of cortico-subcortical circuits controlling balance, posture and locomotion.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:659-666
Despite the clinical success of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD), little is known about the electrical spread of the stimulation.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:594-599
Delirium is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterised by severe cognitive impairment, but the specific neuropsychological profile of this condition has not yet been clearly delineated.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:591-593
Recent findings suggest that patients with behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia
(bv-FTD) differ in their disease progression (progressive vs non-progressive patients).
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:696-697
Cerebellar ataxia may arise as a consequence of autoimmune damage of the cerebellum. Adult patients with autoimmunity against the cerebellum often have an underlying neoplasm
(paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration).
The objective of the study was to establish the safety and pharmacodynamics of escalating dosages of sodium phenylbutyrate
(NaPB) in participants with ALS. Transcription dysregulation may play a role in the pathogenesis of
ALS.
Journal of Neurosurgery May 2009 Volume 110, Number 5
The use of nicardipine prolonged-release implants (NPRIs) is associated with a significant improvement in the therapy of patients suffering from aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
(aSAH) regarding the occurrence and severity of cerebral vasospasm, new infarcts, and functional outcome (FO). Because quality of life
(QOL) measurements more reliably seem to describe the patient's true condition, the present study was conducted to assess FO and QOL 1 year after aneurysm rupture in patients with and without
NPRIs.
Journal of Neurosurgery May 2009 Volume 110, Number 5
Excimer laser-assisted nonocclusive anastomosis (ELANA) is a technique that can be used for
extracranial-to-intracranial (EC-IC) bypasses, without the necessity of temporary occlusion of the donor or recipient artery.
Vascular dementia accounts for ~15-20% of all dementias. In addition, a significant subset of people with Alzheimer's disease have concurrent cerebrovascular disease.
Supportive Care in Cancer 0941-4355 (Print) 10.1007/s00520-008-0551-9
We report on the routine use of the NCCN Distress Thermometer and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Brain (FACT-Br) to assess patient distress and quality of life in GBM patients.
Quality in Primary Care, Volume 17, Number 2, April 2009 , pp. 115-122(8)
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. Most cases are sporadic, but family history is also observed in certain cases.
Hypertension Research (2009) 32, 381-386; doi:10.1038/hr.2009.30; published online 27 March 2009
Although chronic kidney disease is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease it is unclear whether diabetic patients with a reduced glomerular filtration rate
(GFR), independent of (micro)albuminuria, carry an increased risk of stroke.
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine 22 (3): 331-334 (2009)
Long QT syndrome is a potentially lethal cardiac channelopathy that can be mistaken for epilepsy in young people. We report a 17-year-old man who was initially treated as having both daytime and nocturnal idiopathic epilepsy for 5 years.
American Journal of Neuroradiology DOI 10.3174/ajnr.A1563
Fenestrations of intracranial arteries are variants resulting from incomplete fusion of primitive vessels. An association with aneurysms is suggested in many studies.
Journal of Neurosurgery May 2009 Volume 110, Number 5
The purpose of this study was to underline the effectiveness of molecular analysis in cerebral cavernous
angioma, with special attention to the familial forms.
Journal of Neurosurgery May 2009 Volume 110, Number 5
The results of the International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial (ISAT) demonstrated lower rates of death and disability with endovascular treatment (coiling) than with open surgery (clipping) to secure the ruptured intracranial aneurysm.
Journal of Neurosurgery May 2009 Volume 110, Number 5
Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) represents a treatable form of dementia. Recent estimates of the incidence of this condition are in the region of 5% of patients with dementia.
Journal of Neurosurgery May 2009 Volume 110, Number 5
After aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), conflicting results concerning an association between the APOE genotype and impaired outcome have been reported.
New England Journal of Medicine Volume 360:2099-2107 May 14, 2009 Number 20
Deer tick virus is related to Powassan virus, a tickborne encephalitis virus. A 62-year-old man presented with a meningoencephalitis syndrome and eventually died.
New England Journal of Medicine Volume 360:2090-2098 May 14, 2009 Number 20
Clinically significant scorpion envenomation by Centruroides sculpturatus produces a dramatic neuromotor syndrome and respiratory insufficiency that often necessitate intensive supportive care.
Epilepsia Special Issue: Epilepsy Syndromes in Development Published Online: 4 May 2009
Autosomal recessively inherited progressive myoclonus epilepsies (PMEs) include Lafora disease, Unverricht-Lundborg disease, the neuronal ceroid
lipofuscinoses, type I sialidosis (cherry-red spot myoclonus), action
myoclonus-renal failure syndrome, and type III Gaucher disease.
Epilepsia Special Issue: Epilepsy Syndromes in Development Published Online: 4 May 2009
Work on the classification of epileptic syndromes is ongoing, and many syndromes are still under discussion. In particular, special difficulty still persists in correctly classifying epilepsies with myoclonic seizures.
Epilepsia Special Issue: Epilepsy Syndromes in Development Published Online: 4 May 2009
yoclonic status in nonprogressive encephalopathies (MSNE) is an epileptic syndrome in development, characterized by the early onset of continuous diffuse epileptiform abnormalities, accompanied by positive and/or negative phenomena correlated with transient and recurring motor, cognitive, or behavioral disturbances.
To describe three cases of meningioma observed in a large cohort of 546 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
(SLE) followed at our Department in the last 15 years.
Angiogenesis is considered to be a regulating factor of vascular development and growth for malignant
gliomas, including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and anaplastic
astrocytomas.
Cerebral alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a rare but lethal parasitic disease. Its pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Currently there is no widely accepted methods for its surgical treatment.
A 10-year-old girl presented with verrucous epidermal nevus over right half of the face and neck [Figure 1], recurrent complex-partial seizures from six years of age, and poor scholastic performance.
A mother with history of alcoholism during pregnancy delivered a baby boy weighing 1660 gms at 33 th weeks of gestation. The baby had features of fetal alcoholic syndrome
(FAS) in the form of facial dysmorphic features, bilateral optic atrophy, and sensorineural hearing loss.
The treatment options for improving the balance in degenerative cerebellar ataxias are very few. Ayurvedic texts have described diverse treatment regimens for this disease.
Lhermitte-Duclos disease, also known as dysplastic cerebellar gangliocytoma, is a rare cerebellar benign tumor with characteristic appearance of thickened cerebellar folia giving a laminated or striated appearance, quite diagnostic of the condition.
We reasoned that if an area is devoted to processing only the visual features of objects, then transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) applied to this area in either hemisphere would affect the naming of objects presented in contralateral but not ipsilateral space.
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 36(11):1852-1855, November 2004
Although the sport of female boxing has a long history, the activity's current popularity is unprecedented. As more women participate, we can expect them to experience many of the serious neurologic injuries observed in their male counterparts.
Neurological Research, Volume 31, Number 3, April 2009 , pp. 313-315(3)
Tadalafil is a selective phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) inhibitor approved for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Less is known about the electroencephalography (EEG) effects of PDE-5 inhibitors, and the present study, therefore, examined the risk of EEG abnormalities associated with
tadalafil.
Journal of Neurovirology, Volume 15, Issue 1 February 2009 , pages 51 - 56
JC virus (JCV) is a human polyomavirus that causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
(PML), a fatal demyelinating disease that mainly affects immunocompromised subjects. Since its discovery, PML has been considered a rapidly progressing fatal disease; however, amino acid substitutions in the capsid viral protein have recently been tentatively associated with changes in PML clinical course. In order to provide more insight to
PML.
An abnormally elevated level of resting energy expenditure (REE, measured by indirect
calorimetry) has been reported in a subset of patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
(SALS).
Transient global amnesia (TGA) patients were retrospectively reviewed to determine the usefulness of high-field strength MRI in detecting probable ischemic lesions in
TGA.
In this study, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and glial fibrillary acidic protein
(GFAP) immunohistochemical analysis in different cortical regions in fetal brains at different gestational age (GA) were performed.
Child's Nervous System 0256-7040 (Print) 10.1007/s00381-009-0891-x
Bites by house pets can be lethal or cause a series of catastrophic events with severe sequels, such as the loss of a limb or a systemic infection which may be life-endangering, especially in the case of children being bitten.
Our objective was to investigate the association between senataxin mutations and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
(ALS) in Chinese patients. DNA from 45 sporadic ALS patients was screened for mutations in senataxin using polymerase chain reaction
(PCR) and direct sequencing.
Epilepsia Special Issue: Epilepsy Syndromes in Development Published Online: 4 May 2009
Recent progress in the genetics of epilepsies may potentially provide important insights into biologic processes underlying
epileptogenesis. However, the genetic etiology underlying epilepsy remains largely unknown, and the impact of available genetic data on the nosology of epilepsy is still limited.
Epilepsia Special Issue: Epilepsy Syndromes in Development Published Online: 4 May 2009
An epilepsy syndrome is a disorder characterized by a cluster of symptoms and signs customarily occurring in combination. A syndromic approach to the epilepsies would be of practical value for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic purposes.
Epilepsia Special Issue: Epilepsy Syndromes in Development Published Online: 4 May 2009
Transient epileptic amnesia (TEA) is a distinct neurologic condition occurring in late-middle/old age and presenting with amnesic attacks of epileptic nature and interictal memory disturbances.
The study aims were to devise (1) a fall risk screen for people with PD using routine clinical measures and (2) an explanatory (physiological) fall risk assessment for guiding fall prevention interventions.
Anxiety disorders are common in Parkinson's disease (PD), but are not well characterized. This study determined the prevalence and clinical correlates of all
DSM-IV-TR anxiety disorder diagnoses in a sample of 127 subjects with idiopathic PD who underwent comprehensive assessments administered by a psychiatrist and neurologist.
Animal studies show a neuroprotective effect of serum albumin in ischemic stroke. The neuroprotective effect of albumin in ischemic stroke in humans is not well studied. This study was aimed to determine the association of serum albumin with outcome and mortality after ischemic stroke.
We hypothesized that patients with cerebral infarction on preadmission warfarin have less severe neurological deficits on admittance, less severe neurological deficits 1 week after the onset of cerebral infarction and a larger improvement as to neurological deficits within 1 week of acute cerebral infarction.
This article presents a modification to the existing classification scales of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas based on newly published research regarding the relationship of clinical symptoms and outcome.
Epilepsia Special Issue: Epilepsy Syndromes in Development Published Online: 4 May 2009
Lateral temporal epilepsies are still a poorly studied group of conditions, covering lesional and nonlesional cases. Within nonlesional cases, autosomal dominant lateral temporal epilepsy
(ADLTE) is a well-defined, albeit rare, condition characterized by onset in adolescence or early adulthood of lateral temporal seizures with prominent auditory auras sometimes triggered by external noises, normal conventional magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI), good response to antiepileptic treatment, and overall benign outcome.
Child's Nervous System 0256-7040 (Print) 10.1007/s00381-009-0887-6
Post-traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leak from the anterior cranial fossa in children may be isolated or combined with severe facial and calvarial injury.
Neonatal arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) affects a surprisingly large number of children each year, yet little is known about the long-term neuropsychological implications.
Journal of Neuro-Oncology Volume 93, Number 1 / May, 2009 61-77
Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is a tumor suppressor gene syndrome characterized by multiple
schwannomas, especially vestibular schwannomas (VS), and
meningiomas.
Pediatric Blood & Cancer Published Online: 5 May 2009
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children. At the time of diagnosis, the tumor has metastasized in as many as 7 of 10 cases, and survival in high-risk patients remains poor.
Irish Journal of Medical Science 0021-1265 (Print) 10.1007/s11845-009-0349-x
Spontaneous/primary intracranial hypotension is characterised by orthostatic headache and is associated with characteristic magnetic resonance imaging findings.
To evaluate the effect of two weeks of forced use of the paretic upper limb, as a supplement to the rehabilitation programme in the subacute phase after stroke, on self-rated use of that limb.
Schwannomas of the abducens nerve are extremely rare. The authors report a case with this tumor and discuss its clinical and radiographic characteristics.
Epilepsia Special Issue: Epilepsy Syndromes in Development Published Online: 4 May 2009
Eyelid myoclonia with absences (EMA), or Jeavons syndrome, is a generalized epileptic condition clinically characterized by eyelid myoclonia
(EM) with or without absences, eye closure-induced electroencephalography (EEG) paroxysms, and photosensitivity; in addition, rare
tonic-clonic seizures may also occur.
Epilepsia Special Issue: Epilepsy Syndromes in Development Published Online: 4 May 2009
Mutations in the NaV1.1 neuronal sodium channel alpha-subunit (SCN1A) gene have been documented in a spectrum of epilepsy syndromes, ranging from the relatively benign generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus
(GEFS+) to severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy (SMEI), and rare cases of familial migraine.
Whereas paroxysmal hemicrania (PH) is studied extensively in adults, even case reports of PH in children are rare. We present the first prospective follow-up study on PH in children.
Journal of Neurosurgery May 2009 Volume 110, Number 5
Although the effects of Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) on the risk of hemorrhage are poorly understood, a certain subset of patients does suffer bleeding after
GKS.
Journal of Neurosurgery May 2009 Volume 110, Number 5
The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of venous ultrasonography in screening for deep venous thrombosis
(DVT) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).
Child's Nervous System 0256-7040 (Print) 10.1007/s00381-009-0899-2
The Western Cape in South Africa has one of the highest incidences of tuberculous meningitis
(TBM) in the world. Despite therapy, the outcome in children with advanced TBM remains dismal. Magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI) has been shown to be superior to computed tomography (CT) in demonstrating ischemia in
TBM, especially of the brainstem.
Child's Nervous System 0256-7040 (Print) 10.1007/s00381-009-0855-1
Increasing incidence of pediatric brain tumors and improving survival rates encouraged us to assess long-term functional outcome of patients with cerebellar juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma
(JPA).
Although apathy is among the most frequent behavioral changes in Parkinson's disease (PD), its diagnosis is still problematic, and the overlap with depression and dementia poorly studied.
Previous literature suggested that muscle forces applied to the skeleton may be an important factor in increasing bone mineral density
(BMD). This purpose of this study was to determine whether trunk rigidity and trunk muscle strength were associated with lumbar spine BMD in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).
Vascular Health and Risk Management Published: May 2009
After publication of the results of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke study, the application of intravenous thrombolysis for ischemic stroke was launched and has now been in use for more than 10 years.
Angiogram-negative subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) accounts for 15% of nontraumatic SAH and has been reported with low morbidity and mortality rates. We report on a large series of patients with angiogram-negative SAH who experienced an atypical nonbenign clinical course.
Switching from oral medications to continuous infusion of levodopa/carbidopa gel reduces motor complications in advanced Parkinson's disease (PD), but effects on nonmotor symptoms
(NMSs) are unknown.
body of work has emerged over the past decade demonstrating a relationship between mutations in glucocerebrosidase gene
(GBA), the gene implicated in Gaucher disease (GD), and the development of parkinsonism. Several different lines of research support this relationship.
To determine if reproductive factors or exogenous estrogen are associated with risk of Parkinson's disease (PD), we conducted a prospective study with 22 years of follow-up among postmenopausal participants in the Nurses' Health Study. Relative risks
(RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of PD were estimated from a Cox proportional hazards model adjusting for potential confounders.
Levodopa (L-dopa) administered with a dopadecarboxylase inhibitor (DDI) increases homocysteine plasma levels. This may support the onset of atherosclerosis-related disorders and neuropsychiatric complications in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).
Parkinson disease (PD), multiple system atrophy (MSA), and pure autonomic failure
(PAF) all present with varying degrees of dysautonomia and are pathologically characterized by accumulation of
-synuclein.
The alanine to valine mutation at codon 4 (A4V) of SOD1 causes a rapidly progressive dominant form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
(ALS) with exclusively lower motor neuron disease and is responsible for 50% of SOD1 mutations associated with familial ALS in North America.
The Lancet Neurology, Volume 8, Issue 6, Pages 569 - 580, June 2009
Carotid atherosclerotic disease is one of the major preventable causes of ischaemic strokes. In clinical practice, decision making with regard to carotid endarterectomy or stenting is still primarily based on the extent of luminal
stenosis.
The Lancet Neurology, Volume 8, Issue 6, Pages 530 - 536, June 2009
The safety and efficacy of thrombolysis after acute stroke in children have not been established. Our aim was to describe current practices and results of the use of alteplase for acute arterial ischaemic stroke in children enrolled in an international pediatric stroke registry and to compare current practices with those published in case reports and with guidelines for the use of alteplase for adult stroke.
The Lancet Neurology, Volume 8, Issue 6, Pages 537 - 544, June 2009
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A) is the most common inherited nerve disorder. CMT1A is characterised by peripheral nerve
demyelination, weakness, and impaired motor function and is caused by the duplication of PMP22, the gene that encodes peripheral myelin protein 22.
The detection of novel events and their identification is a basic prerequisite in a rapidly changing environment. Recently, the processing of novelty has been shown to rely on the hippocampus and to be associated with activity in reward-related areas.
When tracking visible or occluded moving targets, several frontal regions including the frontal eye fields
(FEF), dorsal-lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) are involved in smooth pursuit eye movements
(SPEM).
Increased frequency of pathogenic variants in GBA, the causative gene for Gaucher disease, has been suggested to be associated with Parkinson disease (PD).
Hashimoto encephalopathy is a potentially fatal condition associated with a presentation of
myoclonus, altered conscious state, strokelike episodes, rapid cognitive decline, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Both congenital hypothyroidism and acquired hypothyroidism are common in patients with Down syndrome.
To compare the long-term outcomes of subjects initially treated with pramipexole dihydrochloride with those of subjects initially treated with levodopa in the Comparison of the Agonist Pramipexole With Levodopa on Motor Complications of Parkinson's Disease (CALM-PD) trial.
The Neurologist: May 2009 - Volume 15 - Issue 3 - pp 163-166
The rate of patients being treated with thrombolytic therapy is low, in part, due to a shortage of vascular neurologists, especially in rural communities. Two-way audio-video communication through telemedicine has been demonstrated to be a reliable method to assess neurologic deficits due to stroke and maybe more efficacious in determining thrombolytic therapy eligibility than telephone-only consultation.
The Neurologist: May 2009 - Volume 15 - Issue 3 - pp 150-152
Musical hallucinations are complex auditory hallucinations. The term covers the clinical phenomenon of hearing tunes and melodies that are uncontrollable and not related to external stimuli.
Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care. 66(5):1431-1435, May 2009
Secondary brain damage plays a critical role in the outcome of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). The mechanisms underlying secondary brain damage are complex.
Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care. 66(5):1436-1440, May 2009
Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is common among trauma patients. If left untreated it may result in lethal pulmonary
thromboembolism. Previous studies have suggested that intracranial hemorrhage serves as an independent risk factor for the development of
DVT.
Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care. 66(5):1441-1445, May 2009
Cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating event for the patient and family. It has a huge impact on society because of the intensive resources required to manage the patient in both the acute and rehabilitation phases. There is a need for better delineation of potential prognostic factors and outcomes in patients with acute cervical SCI.
Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care. 66(5):1446-1450, May 2009
The use of methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPSS) in the treatment of traumatic spinal cord injury was initially reported to enhance recovery in the National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Studies
(NASCIS), 1990 and 1997.
The contribution of the hippocampal subregions to episodic memory through the formation of new associations between previously unrelated items such as faces and names is established but remains under discussion.
Journal of Neurotrauma, ahead of print. doi:10.1089/neu.2008.0609
The nature of warfare in the 21st century has led to a significant increase in primary blast or over-pressurization injuries to the whole body and head, which manifest as a complex of
neuro-somatic damage, including traumatic brain injury (TBI).
The Cerebellum 1473-4222 (Print) 10.1007/s12311-008-0087-z
Friedreich's ataxia is a neurodegenerative disease due to frataxin deficiency, and thus, drugs increasing the frataxin amount are excellent candidates for therapy.
The Cerebellum 1473-4222 (Print) 10.1007/s12311-009-0095-7
Execution of rapid ballistic movement is characterized by triphasic, alternating electromyographic bursts in agonist (AG) and antagonist (ANT) muscles.
The Cerebellum 1473-4222 (Print) 10.1007/s12311-009-0094-8
The morphogenetic factor Sonic hedgehog (SHH) has been discovered as one of the masterplayers in cerebellar patterning and was subjected to intensive investigation during the last decade.
The Cerebellum 1473-4222 (Print) 10.1007/s12311-008-0091-3
Synchrotron rapid-scanning X-ray fluorescence (RS-XRF) is employed for the first time to simultaneously map iron, copper, and zinc in the normal cerebellum.
In patients with the behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia, prognosis is often surprisingly good when there is normal structural imaging at presentation.
The Cerebellum 1473-4222 (Print) 10.1007/s12311-009-0106-8
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) is characterized by bilateral basal ganglia hyperintensities on T2W and diffusion-weighted imaging
(DWI) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, consistent with its extrapyramidal neurological manifestations.
Journal of Neurosurgery May 2009 Volume 110, Number 5
Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) is the treatment of choice for hydrocephalus, but the outcome is dependent on the cause of this disorder, and the procedure remains principally the preserve of pediatric neurosurgeons.
Aneurysms of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) are relatively rare among intracranial aneurysms. They can occur in 1 of 3 regions of the AICA: 1) craniocaudal (high or low riding), 2) mediolateral-premeatal (proximal), and 3) meatal-postmeatal (distal).
Aneurysms of the anterior communicating artery (ACoA) can be a considerable challenge to treat surgically based on variations in the anatomy and morphological features of the ACoA complex.
To reassess the evidence for management issues related to the care of women with epilepsy
(WWE) during pregnancy, including the risk of pregnancy complications or other medical problems during pregnancy in WWE compared to other women, change in seizure frequency, the risk of status
epilepticus, and the rate of remaining seizure-free during pregnancy.
In recent years, the neurochemical analysis of neuronal proteins in cerebrospinal fluid
(CSF) has become increasingly accepted for the diagnosis of neurodegenerative dementia diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
New England Journal of Medicine Volume 360:1960-1970 May 7, 2009 Number 19
Five children from two consanguineous families presented with epilepsy beginning in infancy and severe ataxia, moderate sensorineural deafness, and a renal salt-losing tubulopathy with normotensive hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 5 May 2009
Periodontitis is ubiquitous and associated with serological evidence of exposure to periodontal organisms, systemic inflammation, and vascular disease. Dementia is a major public health problem likely related to a complex interaction between genetics and diseases associated with systemic inflammation, including diabetes, smoking, and stroke.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Volume 18, Issue 3, Pages 244-246 (May 2009)
Clinical features of pontine infarction depend on the topography of vascular lesion and most remarkably sometimes the same topographic region can lead to different clinical syndromes (e.g., dorsal pontine
tegmentum). In this report we describe an elderly patient with acute dorsal pontine infarction leading to a unique syndrome of bilateral horizontal gaze palsy and unilateral peripheral facial paralysis.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Volume 18, Issue 3, Pages 239-243 (May 2009)
Although cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is generally treated with anticoagulants, some patients have a poor prognosis. We report a 34-year-old woman who developed severe CVT with mental symptoms and intracerebral hemorrhage with central
herniation.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Volume 18, Issue 3, Pages 221-228 (May 2009)
Recent studies examining the effect of prior antiplatelet therapy (APT) on outcome in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage
(ICH) have shown conflicting results.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Volume 18, Issue 3, Pages 208-213 (May 2009)
Knowledge of risk factors (RF) and warning signs of stroke by the general population is fundamental to implement efficient preventive measures and provide timely treatment. The objective of this study was to assess this knowledge in a sample population of Mexico City.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Volume 18, Issue 3, Pages 203-207 (May 2009)
Prior studies have suggested that stroke care is more fragmented in rural or neurologically underserved areas. The purpose of this study was to determine the availability of diagnostic and treatment services for acute stroke care in Iowa and to identify factors influencing care. Each of the 118 facilities in Iowa with emergency departments was surveyed by telephone.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Volume 18, Issue 3, Pages 198-202 (May 2009)
The majority of survivors of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) regain functional independence, but it is unclear whether these patients experience long-term
sequelae.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Volume 18, Issue 3, Pages 195-197 (May 2009)
Stroke awareness by lay people in general is poor. It has been estimated that only as much as one third of patients with acute stroke reach emergency medical services within two hours of onset of their symptoms.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Volume 18, Issue 3, Pages 185-189 (May 2009)
Despite extensive inpatient workup including telemetry monitoring, a significant proportion of stroke is classified as cryptogenic at hospital discharge. It is possible that a significant proportion of cryptogenic stroke is a result of intermittent atrial fibrillation (AF).
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Volume 18, Issue 3, Pages 178-184 (May 2009)
Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability in the United States. Inpatient hospital costs account for the majority of acute care costs of stroke with half the cost providing for room and board and 19% of total costs allocated to diagnostic testing.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Volume 18, Issue 3, Pages 173-177 (May 2009)
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been studied as a cardiovascular risk factor. We evaluated MetS and its individual components as risk factors for acute ischemic noncardioembolic stroke
(AINS).
The Lancet, Volume 373, Issue 9675, Pages 1632 - 1644, 9 May 2009
Intracerebral haemorrhage is an important public health problem leading to high rates of death and disability in adults. Although the number of hospital admissions for intracerebral haemorrhage has increased worldwide in the past 10 years, mortality has not fallen.
Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy May 2009, Vol. 7, No. 5, Pages 459-464
Hypertension control is critical to prevent stroke. With several clinical trials conducted over the last decade, it seems that the use of an
angiotensin-modulating antihypertensive agent conveys benefits beyond blood pressure reduction.
This prospective study was conducted to study the clinical profile, management, and outcome of stroke in patients of chronic kidney disease who had been admitted in our institute during the period from December 2004 to December 2006.
We clinically assessed patients meeting international criteria for frontotemporal lobar degeneration
(FTLD) for the presence and characteristics of stereotypies. Of 32 subjects with FTLD (50% women), 19 (60%) had
stereotypies.
Neurological Research, Volume 31, Number 3, April 2009 , pp. 234-237(4)
Infection is a major complication and risk factor of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunting procedures. Recently, antibiotic-impregnated shunt systems have been developed in an attempt to prevent or reduce the CSF infection.
Pain is frequently reported by patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). In this study, intensity of pain as measured by a visual analogue scale (VAS) was assessed on and off levodopa in 15 patients with PD.
Tests of odor identification might help differentiate Parkinson's disease (PD) from other causes of tremor, but they are culture and language specific and are not currently available for the population of Sri Lanka.
Although deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) has proved to be effective for tremor and other cardinal symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD), the precise mechanisms of action of DBS are still unclear.
Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) show impairment in generating random motor sequences reflecting a higher order motor deficit in set-shifting and suppression of perseverative behavior.
Whole gene duplications and triplications of alpha-synuclein (SNCA) can cause Parkinson's disease (PD), and variation in the promoter region (Rep1) and 3' region of SNCA has been reported to increase disease susceptibility.
Neurological Research, Volume 31, Number 3, April 2009 , pp. 283-288(6)
To describe the clinical, electrophysiologic and morphologic features of a Costa Rican family with an autosomal dominant inherited
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) neuropathy.
Neurological Research, Volume 31, Number 3, April 2009 , pp. 270-273(4)
Proteins can undergo numerous covalent changes on exposure to oxidants. Oxidative modification of protein in vivo may affect a variety of cellular functions. Protein oxidation in vivo is a natural consequence of aerobic life.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis First Published on: 01 May 2009
ALS is progressive with increasing patient needs for durable medical equipment (DME) and interventions (gastric feeding tube - PEG, and non-invasive ventilation -
NIV).
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis First Published on: 01 May 2009
There is a need for biomarkers for early diagnosis, development and evaluation of treatment efficacy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
(ALS). We aimed to investigate if pre-analytical factors induce artefacts in metabolomic data of cerebrospinal fluid
(CSF) from patients with ALS.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects both upper and lower motor neurons (MN) resulting in weakness, paralysis and subsequent death.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis First Published on: 01 May 2009
Sporadic juvenile muscular atrophy of the distal upper extremity or Hirayama's disease (HD) and autosomal dominant motor distal
neuronopathy/axonopathy (CMT2D/dSMA-V), produced by glycyl-tRNA synthetase (GARS) gene mutations, share some clinical features including: young age of onset, predilection for the distal upper extremity, asymmetry, sparing of proximal muscles and unusual cold sensitivity.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis First Published on: 01 May 2009
The aim of this study was to investigate patients with Hirayama disease in mainland China. A total of 192 patients (167 males, 25 females) collected from mainland China were included.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis First Published on: 01 May 2009
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), traditionally considered as a disorder limited to the motor system, is increasingly recognized to be a multisystem disease, involving associative areas in addition to the motor cortex and therefore affecting cognition.
Journal of Neurotrauma. ahead of print. doi:10.1089/neu.2008.0724
Proteomics for blast traumatic brain injury (bTBI) research represents an exciting new approach that can greatly help to address the complex pathology of this condition.
Journal of Neurosurgery May 2009 Volume 110, Number 5
The authors report their preliminary experience using a balloon-assisted technique (BAT) in the transarterial embolization of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas
(DAVFs).
Journal of Neurosurgery May 2009 Volume 110, Number 5
Surgical intervention may be required if endovascular embolization is insufficient to completely obliterate intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas
(DAVFs). The authors report their 14-year experience with 23 patients harboring diverse intracranial DAVFs that required surgical intervention.
Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics May 2009 Volume 3, Number 5
Given the potential morbidity of cranial irradiation in young children, the risk-benefit analysis of limited surgery plus irradiation versus radical resection may favor the latter strategy.
An appreciation of the multiple roles that serotonin (5-HT) may play in Parkinson's disease (PD) has increased in recent years. Early pathological studies in PD demonstrated nonselective reductions of 5-HT in brain tissue but little correlation to comorbidities such as dyskinesia and mood disturbance.
Performance of repetitive hand movements in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by slowness, reduced movement amplitude, and hesitation or arrests in ongoing movement.
We assessed the effects of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) or internal pallidum
(GPi-DBS) on health-related quality of life (HrQoL) in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease participating in a previously reported multicenter trial.
To determine magnetic resonance imaging patterns of gray matter (GM) atrophy underlying visuospatial and visuoperceptual impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD), we applied
voxel-based morphometry to 36 nondemented PD patients and correlated their whole brain GM density with performance on three visuospatial and visuoperceptual tests. In addition, group comparisons between patients and 20 healthy controls were also performed.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis First Published on: 01 May 2009
Our objective was to assess the efficacy and safety of 40 mg/day glatiramer acetate (GA) in patients with
ALS. We conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial.
Cerebral vasospasm is a common and potentially devastating complication of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
(aSAH). Inflammatory processes seem to play a major role in the pathogenesis of vasospasm.
The American Journal of Surgical Pathology: May 2009 - Volume 33 - Issue 5 - pp 669-681
Chordoid meningioma, World Health Organization grade II, is an uncommon variant of meningioma with a propensity for aggressive behavior and increased likelihood of recurrence.
European Journal of Emergency Medicine: June 2009 - Volume 16 - Issue 3 - pp 153-158
To investigate the outcome of brain trauma patients who had a Glasgow Coma Scale score (GCS) of 3 and bilateral fixed and dilated pupils
(BFDP) in the field.
Mayo Clinic Proceedings May 2009 vol. 84 no. 5 394
A 33-year-old man in whom AIDS had been diagnosed in 2003 presented with a 6-week history of progressive generalized weakness, lethargy,
dysphagia, slowing of speech, and left-sided weakness.
To investigate the incidence and characteristics of cerebellar injury in a cohort of very preterm infants by using the mastoid fontanelle (MF) and posterior fontanelle (PF) approach in addition to routine cranial ultrasonography (US) through the anterior fontanelle (AF), with magnetic resonance
(MR) imaging as the reference standard.
Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics May 2009 Volume 3, Number 5
Approximately 30% of children with posterior fossa tumors exhibit hydrocephalus after tumor resection. Recent literature has suggested that prophylactic endoscopic third ventriculostomy diminishes the risk of this event.
Although inhibition of the epidermal growth factor receptor is a plausible therapy for malignant gliomas that, in vitro, enhances apoptosis, the results of clinical trials have been disappointing.
Parkinson's disease is characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic pathways projecting to the striatum. These pathways are implicated in reward prediction.
Stroke is relatively rare in children and the clinical presentation of paediatric stroke is often subtle. Numerous predisposing risk factors are known, and these can be both inherited and acquired.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 22 April 2009. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2009.173161
The present study aimed to examine and compare memory processing in patients with unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy
(TLE) before and after surgery using functional magnetic resonance imaging
(fMRI).
Current Opinion in Neurology: June 2009 - Volume 22 - Issue 3 - p 294-301
Inflammation is now considered to be a critically important determinant of outcome following acute injury to the CNS, potentially contributing to the development of secondary injury.
Most cavernous carotid aneurysms (CCAs) are considered benign lesions, most often asymptomatic, and to have a natural history with a low risk of life-threatening complications.
Developmental venous anomalies (DVAs) represent a rare cause of intraparenchymal hemorrhage. This case demonstrates an unusual DVA associated with venous hypertension, arteriovenous shunting, and a ruptured transitional aneurysm.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 27 April 2009. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2009.172148
The possibility of vertical transmission of variant CJD (vCJD) has been raised, because of the widespread distribution of infectivity in vCJD and the demonstration that this condition can be transmitted through blood transfusion. The aim is to search for evidence of this type of transmission of
vCJD.
The polymorphism of the E-selectin gene has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We sought to explore whether the allelic variants relate to ischemic stroke.
We investigated the predictive value of standard neurological evaluation, a commercially available biomarker assay and neuroimaging in the subacute phase for outcome after thrombolytic therapy in ischemic stroke.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 281, Issue 1, Pages 116-121 (15 June 2009)
The influence of Parkinson's disease (PD) as well as deep brain stimulation (DBS) on visual-artistic production of people who have been artists is unclear.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 281, Issue 1, Pages 110-112 (15 June 2009)
Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS) is a rare autosomal dominant mitochondrial disorder affecting the central nervous system. Progressive external ophthalmoplegia is an early and characteristic clinical symptom of the disease.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 281, Issue 1, Pages 64-68 (15 June 2009)
Homocysteine and Lipoprotein (a) have been recognized as risk factors for coronary heart disease. However, their role in ischemic stroke is still not defined. Therefore the present study was undertaken to evaluate their levels and relationship in patients of ischemic stroke.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 281, Issue 1, Pages 55-57 (15 June 2009)
Congestive heart failure is a risk factor for ischemic stroke. Brain natriuretic peptide
(BNP) is used as a biological marker of heart failure. We hypothesized that heart failure was associated with the onset of ischemic stroke patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 281, Issue 1, Pages 51-54 (15 June 2009)
The expression of hippocalcin, a calcium-sensor protein of the recoverin family, and mixed lineage kinase 2 (MLK2) in Lewy bodies
(LBs) was immunohistochemically examined in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 281, Issue 1, Pages 28-33 (15 June 2009)
Our understanding of pathophysiology of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in preterm infants remains very limited. We studied the amplitudes of brainstem auditory evoked response, recorded with 91-910/s clicks, at term in preterm infants after perinatal HI for functional status of the auditory brainstem.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 281, Issue 1, Pages 24-27 (15 June 2009)
Stroke centers and intravenous tissue plasminogen activators (tPA) are effective management for acute ischemic stroke. This study aimed to analyze stroke center characteristics on the administration of thrombolytic therapy.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 281, Issue 1, Pages 20-23 (15 June 2009)
Brainstem gliomas constitute 10% of brain tumors in children and less than 2% in adults. Since therapeutic options are limited and brainstem gliomas are associated with a high morbidity and mortality, we sought to analyze the prognostic factors associated with a better outcome.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 281, Issue 1, Pages 15-19 (15 June 2009)
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) affects the preganglionic adrenergic neuron and Parkinson's disease (PD) involves the postganglionic counterpart. Widespread postganglionic denervation should result in denervation supersensitivity and a failure of the axon to release norepinephrine (NE).
Current Opinion in Neurology: June 2009 - Volume 22 - Issue 3 - p 294-301
Inflammation is now considered to be a critically important determinant of outcome following acute injury to the CNS, potentially contributing to the development of secondary injury.
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society (2009), 15 : 399-406
The most extensively described pathological abnormality in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and the ventral tegmental area, with degeneration of their striatal terminals.
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society (2009), 15 : 394-398
Obstructive hydrocephalus can be treated with an extracranial shunting system or, when the obstruction is between the posterior third ventricle and the fourth ventricular outflow tracts, by an endoscopic third ventriculocisternostomy
(ETV).
The relative contribution of simple mutations and copy number variations (CNVs) in
SNCA, PARK2, PINK1, PARK7, and LRRK2 to the genetic etiology of Parkinson disease (PD) is still unclear because most studies did not completely analyze each gene.
In this study, we describe the clinicopathologic findings in a 68-year-old man with
panencephalopathic-type CJD with a substitution from methionine to arginine at codon 232 (M232R) in the prion protein
(PrP) gene and type 1 PrP.
The current conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan have seen frequent use of improvised explosive devices resulting in thousands of casualties, with traumatic brain injuries particularly common. The recent literature is reviewed to provide information to clinicians on the management of this condition.
Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology. 68(5):441-455, May 2009
We investigated the contribution of Schwann cell-derived ciliary neurotrophic factor
(CNTF) to the pathogenesis of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A) and addressed the question as to whether it plays a role in the development of axonal damage observed in the disease, with aging.
Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology. 68(5):482-488, May 2009
Pituicytomas are rare low-grade gliomas of the neurohypophysis. Their morphology and variable immunophenotype have led to speculation that they arise from
pituicytes. Given the role of thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1) in the developing rodent infundibulum and its expression in the adult rat
neurohypophysis, we speculated that TTF-1 would be a marker of human
pituicytes.
Neurocritical Care 1541-6933 (Print) 10.1007/s12028-009-9217-9
We retrospectively reviewed the results of modified tetracosactide tests (involving administration of both low-dose and high-dose
tetracosactide) conducted for clinical indications in patients in a neurocritical care unit within 10 days of TBI.
A 7-year-old male child presented with a history of fall from a height 8 days earlier. Following the fall, the child had a nasal bleed and multiple episodes of vomiting. He had difficulty in walking and his speech was slurred, with a nasal intonation.
European Radiology 0938-7994 (Print) 10.1007/s00330-009-1416-4
The purpose of our study was to compare the diagnostic performance of subtraction computed tomography angiography
(CTA) with conventional nonsubtracted CTA and digital subtraction angiography
(DSA) for the detection of intracranial aneurysms.
The clinical-diffusion mismatch (CDM) model has been proposed as a simpler tool than perfusion-diffusion mismatch
(PDM) to select acute ischemic stroke patients for thrombolytic therapy.
Coated-platelets are a subset of platelets with high procoagulant potential observed on dual agonist stimulation with collagen and thrombin. Failure to produce coated-platelets in animals results in a bleeding diathesis.
Corpora amylacea (CA) have long been described in aging brains and in patients with neurodegenerative conditions, but their origins have been debated. It has been proposed that CA represent collections of nervous system breakdown products that accumulate within astrocytic cytoplasm.
The purpose of this study was to study the effect of Botulinum toxin type A
(BoNT-A) injections in spastic upper limb muscles on impairment, activity, participation and quality of life in chronic stroke patients.
There are limited data on the causes and severity of subsequent stroke in patients presenting initially with TIA or stroke attributed to intracranial arterial
stenosis.
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a deadly form of stroke. Pretreatment with statins exerts protective effects in patients with ischemic stroke, but their effects in patients with ICH remains unclear.
ANZ Journal of Surgery Volume 79 Issue s1, Pages A63 - A63
To demonstrate the early postoperative outcomes of Spring-assisted cranioplasty in
brachycephaly. Spring-Assisted Cranioplasty has become the first-line treatment option for
non-syndromic sagittal synostosis in many centres.
ANZ Journal of Surgery Volume 79 Issue s1, Pages A86 - A86
Mortality of severe traumatic brain injury (STBI) varies in literature between 23 and 81% depending on pre-hospital use of neuromuscular blocking agents (NBA) for endotracheal intubation
(ETI) (1, 2). In NSW paramedics are not equipped with NBA.
Little attention has been afforded to the potential adverse sequelae of withholding anticoagulation therapy in a patient after neuraxial interventions.
Transplant Infectious Disease Published Online: 3 May 2009
Brain abscesses are a rare, severe complication of orthotopic liver transplantation
(OLT). They are almost exclusively due to fungi, Nocardia, or
Toxoplasma, and usually occur within months of surgery.
The objective of this cohort study was to determine the incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD) and the effects of race/ethnicity, other demographic characteristics, geography, and healthcare utilization on probability of diagnosis.
To investigate the safety and tolerability of pardoprunox (SLV308), a novel partial dopamine agonist, as an adjunct to levodopa in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease, using two titration schedules.
Stroke symptoms can be very stressful for family caregivers, but most knowledge about the prevalence and stressfulness of stroke-related patient problems is derived from convenience samples.
Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the posterior fossa are complex neurovascular lesions that are less common than their supratentorial counterparts, accounting for < 15% of all AVMs.
This report demonstrates that time-of-flight (TOF) MR angiography is a useful adjunct for planning stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) of large arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) after staged embolization with Onyx.
The use of radiosurgery for angiographically occult vascular malformations
(AOVMs) is a controversial treatment option for those that are surgically inaccessible or located in eloquent brain.
Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) are the most common spinal vascular malformations and can be a significant cause of
myelopathy, yet remain inefficiently diagnosed lesions.
The purpose of this study was to determine at which time points acute blood pressure (BP) was associated with neurological deterioration at 3 weeks in patients with ischemic stroke as a whole and in patients with different subtypes.
The Cerebellum 1473-4222 (Print) 10.1007/s12311-009-0104-x
We report the results of a retrospective analysis of radiological and clinical findings in 45 cases of midbrain-hindbrain anomalies and review recent advances in embryology and molecular
neurogenetics.
Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology. 68(5):535-541, May 2009
[beta]-Arrestins act as signal terminators for G protein-coupled receptors; they have also been implicated as scaffolding proteins for Src and
mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways and transactivators of receptor tyrosine
kinases, suggesting their possible role in development and oncogenic signaling.
White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are highly heritable and associated with small artery ischemic stroke, so they may be a useful trait for studying the genetics of small vessel disease.
The Cerebellum 1473-4222 (Print) 10.1007/s12311-008-0084-2
Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is a neurodegenerative disease due to a pathological expansion of a GAA triplet repeat in the first intron of the FXN gene encoding for the mitochondrial protein
frataxin.
Recent studies have demonstrated that gradient echo (GRE) MRI sequences are as accurate as CT for the detection of intracerebral hemorrhage
(ICH) in the context of acute stroke.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Volume 90, Issue 5, Pages 717-725 (May 2009)
Evaluation of the capacity of lower thoracic spinal cord stimulation (SCS) to activate the expiratory muscles and generate large airway pressures and high peak airflows characteristic of cough, in subjects with
tetraplegia.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Volume 90, Issue 5, Pages 793-802 (May 2009)
To compare kinematics of 3-dimensional pointing movements performed in a virtual environment
(VE) displayed through a head-mounted display with those made in a physical environment.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Volume 90, Issue 5, Pages 810-818 (May 2009)
To investigate the effect of ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) alignment and foot-plate length on sagittal plane knee kinematics and kinetics during gait in adults with poststroke
hemiplegia.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Volume 90, Issue 5, Pages 827-831 (May 2009)
To evaluate the precision of dual energy x-ray absorptiometry scanning at 2 skeletal sites at the knee (proximal femur and distal tibia) in people with SCI.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Volume 90, Issue 5, Pages 819-826 (May 2009)
At the muscle fascicle level, medial gastrocnemius muscle architecture including the fascicular length, pennation angle, and thickness were evaluated in vivo with the knee and ankle flexion changed systematically.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Volume 90, Issue 5, Pages 733-740 (May 2009)
Subjects were a referred and volunteer sample of 52 participants with TBI, a diagnosis of major depression disorder
(MDD), and a score on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) of 18 or greater.
Mutations of voltage-gated Na+ channels are the most common known cause of genetically determined epilepsy; Nav1.1 (SCN1A) is the most frequent target.
BMC Family Practice 2009, 10:27doi:10.1186/1471-2296-10-27
Stroke is a major cause of mortality and morbidity with potential for improved care and prevention through general practice. A national survey was undertaken to determine current resources and needs for optimal stroke prevention and care.
The Prevention of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular Events of ischemic origin with teRutroban in patients with a history oF ischemic strOke or tRansient ischeMic attack (PERFORM) study is an international double-blind, randomized controlled trial designed to investigate the superiority of the specific TP receptor antagonist terutroban (30 mg/day) over aspirin (100 mg/day), in reducing cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events in patients with a recent history of ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack.
Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism advance online publication 29 April 2009;
doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.2009.50
Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) are essential for the use of lactate, an energy substrate known to be overproduced in brain during an ischemic episode.
Patients with brain injuries are assessed using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). This review evaluates the use of GCS scoring in medical literature and identifies the reasons for inaccuracy.
The ketogenic diet (the KD) is an effective treatment for intractable epilepsy, especially in the paediatric population, and a growing number of studies have shown the neuroprotective role of the
KD.
The present study used fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) to objectively assess cognitive fatigue in persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI).
To increase the knowledge about diffuse traumatic brain injury (TBI) by reporting the magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI) findings observed in a patient with reversible extensive restricted diffusion of the brain at diffusion-weighted imaging
(DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps.
To determine relationships among spiritual beliefs, religious practises, congregational support and health for individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI).
To provide insight into the prognostic and non-prognostic factors of return to work
(RTW) in people with traumatic and non-traumatic acquired brain injury
(ABI) who were working before injury.
To analyse the association between individual initial computerized tomography (CT) scan characteristics and Glasgow Outcome Scale
(GOS) and Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOSE) improvement between 6 months and 1 year.
To study the ability of MRI findings, apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotype, the Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) and duration of post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) to predict the 1-year outcome in traumatic brain injury (TBI).
As their differential needs are unknown and to inform service planning, this study (a) examined experiences of caring for adults with acquired brain injury
(ABI) and (b) compared these with carers of adults with dementia.
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