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Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease Vol. 3: 341-365
Childhood tumors containing cells that are morphologically and functionally similar to normal progenitor cells provide fertile ground for investigating the links between development and cancer. In this respect, integrated studies of normal cerebellar development and the medulloblastoma, a malignant embryonal tumor of the cerebellum, have proven especially fruitful.
Journal of Child Neurology 2008, doi:10.1177/0883073808315420
Human parvovirus B19 generally causes erythema infectiosum in childhood, but it can be associated with unusual findings, particularly in immunocompromised patients. This is a report about an immunocompetent 4-year-old female child affected with acute encephalitis by parvovirus B19, documented by polymerase chain reaction performed on cerebrospinal fluid, who was treated with intravenous immunoglobulins and dexamethasone and who developed a cerebellar syndrome with ataxia,
dysmetria, and dysarthria. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this may be the first report of human parvovirus B19 encephalitis complicated by severe ataxia in childhood.
NeuroRehabilitation Volume 23, Number 2 / 2008 185-198
Neuropsychologists are increasingly asked to provide recommendations regarding functional abilities based on test results, particularly within the rehabilitation setting. Yet, the empirical basis for making such recommendations is limited.
NeuroRehabilitation Volume 23, Number 2 / 2008 137-151
Previous studies have discussed the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of prism adaptation for neglect patients. Purpose: The aim of present study was to determine the long-term effect of prism adaptation with activity performance instead of pointing performance on chronic neglect patients.
Limbic psychotic trigger reaction (LPTR) includes paroxysmal, out-of-character, motiveless, unplanned felonies (or similarly bizarre social misbehavior), all committed during flat affect, autonomic arousal and a fleeting de novo psychosis. A transient limbic hyperactivation is implicated that impairs prefrontal monitoring (judgment, planning, intent, volition, emotional participation) but preserves memory for the acts. It is hypothesized that LPTR implicates an atavistic regression to a limbic 'paleo-consciousness', exemplified by a 24th patient (parental infanticide), presented herein. He had closed head injury and borderline abnormal posterior brain pathology (EEG/CT), which might have contributed to his unusually numerous visual hallucinations.
Diagnostic decisions in clinical imaging currently rely almost exclusively on visual image interpretation. This can lead to uncertainty, for example in dementia disease, where some of the changes resemble those of normal ageing.
Journal of Digital Imaging 0897-1889 (Print) 10.1007/s10278-008-9114-3
The Silent Cerebral Infarct Multicenter Transfusion (SIT) Trial is a multi-institutional intervention trial in which children with silent cerebral infarcts are randomized to receive either blood transfusion therapy or observation (standard care) for 36 months.
Although stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Nigeria, there is no information on awareness of its warning signs. This study was designed to assess awareness of stroke warning signs in Nigerians at increased risk.
Despite recent technical improvements in surgical excision techniques and adjuvant radio- and chemotherapy, the clinical outcome of patients with grade IV astrocytoma (glioblastoma) remains very poor, with a median survival of less than 12 months. A promising approach to therapy employs gene-engineered neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs) as a cellular therapeutic delivery system, to track glioblastoma cells and deliver anticancer molecules.
NeuroRehabilitation Volume 22, Number 5 / 2007 371-382
This review provides an overview of pediatric ischemic stroke to serve as a foundation for the discussion of rehabilitation strategies following focal injury in the developing brain. Cerebrovascular disease is an important cause of acquired brain injury in neonates and children.
Foot drop is a common and distressing problem that can lead to falls and injury. Although the most frequent cause is a (common) peroneal neuropathy at the neck of the fibula, other causes include anterior horn cell disease, lumbar plexopathies, L5 radiculopathy and partial sciatic neuropathy.
MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that have critical roles in regulating a number of cellular functions through transcriptional silencing. They have been implicated as oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes (oncomirs) in several human neoplasms.
During the early and mid part of 20th century, several reports described the therapeutic effects of N-methylisatin-b-Thiosemicarbazone (MIBT) against pox viruses, Maloney leukemia viruses and recently against HIV. However, their ability to inhibit flavivirus replication has not been investigated.
Arch Dis Child. Published Online First: 2 May 2008
In tuberous sclerosis, the protein products of the TSC1 and TSC2 genes, hamartin and tuberin, act together in regulating the P13 kinase-Akt-mTOR-S6 kinase cell growth pathway. This finding raises the possibility that drugs could substitute for the role of the hamartin-tuberin complex in this pathway and thereby ameliorate some aspects of the disease in affected individuals. One such drug, rapamycin, is currently beginning evaluation.
Arch Dis Child. Published Online First: 2 May 2008
In a population based study of tuberous sclerosis (TSC), we sought firstly to identify the number of patients who have presented with symptomatic giant cell astrocytomas (GCAs) and secondly, within a subset of this population, to identify the number who would be diagnosed with GCAs on predetermined radiological criteria.
Pediatric neurodegenerative white matter processes are complex, numerous and result from a vast array of causes ranging from white matter injury or inflammation to congenital metabolic disorders. When faced with a neurodegenerative white matter process on neuroimaging, the first step for the radiologist is to determine whether the findings represent a congenital metabolic leukodystrophy or one of various other white matter processes.
Acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood (ANEC) is a disease entity seen nearly exclusively in East Asian children that is characterized by multifocal, symmetric lesions involving the thalami, brainstem, cerebellum, and white matter. We present a child who developed dramatic neurologic symptoms following a viral prodrome. Serial MRI examinations demonstrated characteristic lesions of ANEC, while laboratory analyses revealed evidence of acute infection with human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6).
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 targets major components of the basal lamina of cerebral blood vessels and is a biochemical marker of blood-brain barrier disruption. The goal of this study was to determine whether plasma concentrations of MMP-9 in the jugular bulb during carotid endarterectomy (CEA) correlate with severity of intraoperative cerebral ischemia.
Patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) often have disturbed autoregulation of cerebral blood flow. A reduction in systemic blood pressure during surgery may therefore lead to delayed cerebral ischaemia (DCI). To assess the incidence and severity of intra-operative hypotension, we performed a retrospective cohort study in 164 patients with recent SAH and surgical clipping of the aneurysm.
Depression occurs in more than half of patients who have experienced a stroke. Poststroke depression has been shown in numerous studies to be associated with both impaired recovery in activities of daily living and increased mortality. Prevention of depression thus represents a potentially important goal.
After a stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) there is a high risk of stroke, particularly in the early days and weeks, and of other serious vascular events. Several preventive medical treatments can reduce these risks; starting them as early as possible will maximise the absolute risk reduction, as long as the diagnosis is secure, there is no known or suspected net harm from treatment, and they are acceptable to the patient.
CT perfusion is an evolving technology that assesses the behaviour of intravenous contrast in cerebral tissue and provides quantitative information on cerebral blood flow parameters. It has been validated in many clinical situations against established techniques and is being increasingly applied in clinical situations to provide physiological information to direct medical therapies.
This article reviews the role of imaging in patients with dementia, the typical appearances of different types of dementia on structural and functional imaging modalities and the implications of current guidelines for radiologists and imaging departments.
Posterior putaminal atrophy, putaminal T2-hyper and/or hyposignal changes have been observed in patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA) with parkinsonism.
Internal carotid artery (ICA) bifurcation aneurysms are uncommon. Little is known about incidence, anatomical characteristics and results of endovascular treatment. We report our experience with endovascular treatment of 50 ICA bifurcation aneurysms in 46 patients.
Nonsedating antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) that can be initiated rapidly are desirable in a variety of clinical situations. Levetiracetam (LEV) is a newer AED, with a recently approved parenteral formulation, that can be initiated at doses effective in controlling seizures.
Newer antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have been shown to be equally efficacious as older seizure medications but with fewer neurotoxic and systemic side effects in the elderly. A growing body of clinical recommendations based on systematic literature review and expert opinion advocate the use of the newer agents and avoidance of phenobarbital and phenytoin.
Doctors and medical researchers have made great strides in "evidence-based medicine." Evidence-based medicine means that doctors should use the best research that is available to determine the best way to treat patients.
X chromosome inactivation and the MECP2 genotype do not provide the full explanations for the clinical differences between patients with Rett syndrome (RTT), suggesting the involvement of other factors.
Hemiconvulsion-hemiplegia-epilepsy (HHE) syndrome is an uncommon consequence of prolonged febrile convulsive seizures in infancy and early childhood. Delayed epilepsy in HHE syndrome is frequently intractable to medical treatment.
To assess the safety of galantamine in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), the ability of galantamine to benefit cognition and global functioning in subjects with MCI, and the ability of galantamine to delay conversion to dementia.
Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) accounts for 3 to 12% of all epilepsies. In 2004, the GENESS Consortium demonstrated four missense mutations in Myoclonin1/EFHC1 of chromosome 6p12.1 segregating in 20% of Hispanic families with JME.
The natural history of patients with pathologically proven frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is important from clinical and biologic perspectives, but is not well documented quantitatively.
To characterize the magnitude and course of alterations in total and free lamotrigine (LTG) clearance (Cl) during pregnancy and the postpartum period, to assess the impact of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) on seizure frequency, to determine the ratio to individual target LTG concentration that is associated with increased seizure risk, and to evaluate maternal postpartum toxicity.
The specialty of neurocritical care (NCC) has evolved rapidly and has an exciting future. The current neurologic intensive care units (NICUs) were born in the 1960s as a collaborative effort among the various subspecialists caring for patients with neurologic illnesses in multidisciplinary intensive care units (ICUs).
Patients who survive after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are at risk for a recurrence despite successful treatment of the ruptured aneurysm and may therefore benefit from screening for new aneurysms.
To measure the proportions of patients switching from generic to branded drugs among users of antiepileptic drugs (AED) compared to other therapeutic areas and to investigate medical services utilization associated with generic switching of lamotrigine.
We previously demonstrated that shape variants of the hippocampal formation are more prevalent in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) than in healthy individuals.
This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to assess the efficacy and tolerability of adjunctive lamotrigine for the treatment of partial seizures in infants aged 1 to 24 months.
Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment Issue: ON-LINE EARLY
Epilepsy is a common chronic disorder that requires long-term antiepileptic drug therapy. Approximately one half of patients fail the initial antiepileptic drug and about 35% are refractory to medical therapy, highlighting the continued need for more effective and better tolerated drugs.
Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment Issue: ON-LINE EARLY
Delirium occurs in 23% of sepsis patients, in which pro-inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide are suggested to be involved. However, in animal experiments, even a subseptic dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection induces both pro-inflammatory cytokines and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the brain, suggesting that the brain oxidative reaction can be induced in the subseptic condition.
The normal infundibulum and neurohypophysis consist entirely of neuronal processes, the neuronal cell bodies of which lie within the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus and supportive glial cells or pituicytes.
Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment Issue: ON-LINE EARLY
Evaluate the influence of depressive symptoms on the recognition of emotional prosody in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients, and identify types of emotion on spoken sentences.
Neurological Sciences Volume 29, Number 2 / April, 2008 99-107
The aim of this study was to estimate the cost of "brain" disorders in Italy. Country-specific prevalence and health-economic data on addiction, affective, anxiety and psychotic disorders,
tumours, dementia, epilepsy, migraine/other headaches, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, stroke and head trauma were reviewed.
Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment Issue: ON-LINE EARLY
Recent findings in animal models of paraplegia suggest that specific nonbenzodiazepine anxiolytics may temporarily restore locomotor functions after spinal cord injury (SCI). Experiments using in vitro models have revealed, indeed, that selective serotonin receptor (5-HTR) ligands such as 5-HTR1A agonists, known as relatively safe anxiolytics, can acutely elicit episodes of rhythmic neuronal activity refered to as fictive locomotion in isolated spinal cord preparations.
The past 10 years have brought near-revolutionary changes in psychological theories about short-term memory, with similarly great advances in the neurosciences.
Neuroradiology 0028-3940 (Print) 10.1007/s00234-008-0385-7 A debate is emerging over whether the treatment time window in acute stroke can be extended beyond 6 h if penumbral tissue can be identified. Treatment decisions are very difficult in cases of tandem proximal carotid occlusion with arterioarterial intracranial embolism.
Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment Issue: ON-LINE EARLY
Available data suggest that Parkinson's disease (PD) patients have a significant socioeconomic impact owing partly to increased hospital and drug utilization. The aims of this study were to provide a profile of patients with PD who required admission to hospital and to determine the reasons for emergency admission.
Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. Brain Injury versus TBI. 23(3):139-148, May/June 2008
Cognitive impairments are common sequelae of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and are often associated with the natural process of aging. Few studies have examined the effect of both age and TBI on cognitive functioning. The purpose of this study was to compare cognitive functioning between older adults who sustained a TBI to an age-matched group of individuals without a brain injury and to determine whether the presence or absence of a genetic marker apolipoprotein [varepsilon] (APOE [varepsilon]4 allele) accounts for additional cognitive decline in both groups examined.
Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. Brain Injury versus TBI. 23(3):149-157, May/June 2008
To compare patterns of cognitive functioning in older adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and no neurological disorder (ND).
Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. Brain Injury versus TBI. 23(3):158-163, May/June 2008
To identify and characterize injury variables and outcomes in persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI) 55 years and older admitted to a tertiary rehabilitation unit.
NeuroRehabilitation Volume 23, Number 1 / 2008 55-65
Restoration and improvement of gait after stroke are major aspects of neurorehabilitation. Mobilization out of the bed into the wheelchair and verticalisation with the help of a standing frame are first steps. With the patient cardiovascular stable, gait restoration is put on the agenda. Instead of tone-inhibiting and gait preparatory maneuvers, patients should practice complex gait cycles repetitively.
Neurological Sciences Volume 29, Number 2 / April, 2008 67-75
A nationwide survey has been undertaken to evaluate the resources and the activities of Italian hospital neurology units (NU) in the emergency setting. NU are widely disseminated throughout the entire country and 220 (84%) are located in hospitals with an emergency room (ER).
NeuroRehabilitation Volume 23, Number 1 / 2008 95-103
Pharmacological agents, known to modulate practice-dependent plasticity in animal models of brain damage, have recently received increased interest for treatment of motor recovery after stroke.
Journal of Neuro-Oncology 0167-594X (Print) 10.1007/s11060-008-9608-3
Erlotinib and Gefitinib (EGFRi) are small molecules specifically inhibiting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). We present here data of an exploratory study evaluating EGFRi monotherapy in patients with recurrent or progressive malignant glioma. Patients 21 patients with recurrent or progressive malignant glioma were included in this study.
NeuroRehabilitation Volume 23, Number 1 / 2008 15-28
Results from studies supporting the application of constraint-induced movement therapy (CI therapy) in patients with stroke have steadily increased over the past decade. The exploration of this intervention has provided a broad foundation from which to build further development of evidence-based practice in neurorehabilitation.
Bilateral arm training has emerged as an approach that leads to positive outcomes in addressing upper extremity paresis after stroke. However, studies have not demonstrated improvements in all patients using current outcome measures. Furthermore, the rationale for using this type of training has been incompletely explained.
Journal of Neuro-Oncology 0167-594X (Print) 10.1007/s11060-008-9601-x
B7-H4, a newly discovered member of B7 family that negatively regulates T cell-mediated immunity, may facilitate tumor progression by undermining host immunity.
NeuroRehabilitation Volume 22, Number 6 / 2007 463-472
The variable clinical course of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) confronts the clinician, the patient and caregivers with many ethical challenges from the moment of breaking the news of the diagnosis and throughout the relentlessly progressive trajectory of the disease. Each patient faces the prospect of life-threatening bulbar and respiratory muscle dysfunction that may ensue soon after disease onset or after months or years of progressive weakness.
NeuroRehabilitation Volume 23, Number 1 / 2008 43-53
Dystonia is a disabling movement disorder, which is characterized by an abnormal pattern of muscle activity with co-contraction of agonist and antagonist muscles. In the case of focal hand dystonia (FHD), these abnormal movements affect muscles of the forearm and hand while performing a specific task. Patients may initially present with dystonic symptoms occurring with a selective task (simple writer's cramp or musician's cramp), and may progress to develop symptoms with multiple tasks (dystonic writer's cramp).
NeuroRehabilitation Volume 23, Number 1 / 2008 81-87
To compare the outcome of training the functional movement of transport of the arm and grasping an object with the alternative of training the transport of the arm in isolation.
Intracranial mass lesions are an important cause of neurological morbidity and a common indication for cranial imaging. Given the wide range of pathological processes that can present as intracranial mass lesions, the radiologist has an important role in limiting the differential diagnosis in an individual case in order to inform the clinical decision-making process.
MR has for some time been accepted as the premier imaging modality for disease of the brain and spine. As radiologists, we have a duty to enable equivalent imaging for all patients, including the 20% who are unable to undergo MR for whatever reason. Multidetector CT (MDCT) allows us to do this and more.
Our purpose was to determine whether perfusion MR imaging can be used to differentiate benign and malignant meningiomas on the basis of the differences in perfusion of tumor parenchyma and/or peritumoral edema.
It is not always possible to differentiate infective from neoplastic brain lesions with conventional MR imaging. In this study, we assessed the utility of various perfusion indices in the differentiation of infective from neoplastic brain lesions.
Introduction Onyx has emerged in the recent years as a new embolic material. We present our experience with Onyx in the curative embolization of brain cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs).
The purpose of our study was to determine whether 18F-FDG PET can be used to differentiate among common enhancing brain tumors such as lymphoma, high-grade glioma, and metastatic brain tumor.
Dendritic pruning and loss of synaptic contacts are early events in many neurodegenerative diseases. These effects are dynamic and seem to differ mechanistically from the cell death process. Cannabinoids modulate synaptic activity and afford protection in some neurotoxicity models.
The underlying cause of developmental delay (DD) often remains unclear despite extensive clinical examination and investigations. Interference in normal development of the brain may result in DD.
Despite some limitations, a perfusion/diffusion mismatch can provide a working estimate of the ischemic penumbra in hyperacute stroke and has successfully been used to triage patients.
Cerebral malaria is a major health hazard, with a high incidence of mortality. The disease is endemic in many developing countries, but with a greater increase in tourism, occasional cases may be detected in countries where the disease in not prevalent. Early diagnosis and evaluation of cerebral involvement in malaria utilizing modern imaging modalities have an impact on the treatment and clinical outcome.
Annual Review of Medicine Vol. 59: 503-523 (Volume publication date February 2008)
Diagnostic tools and treatment options for epilepsy have expanded in recent years. Imaging techniques once confined to research laboratories are now routinely used for clinical purposes. Medications that were unavailable a few years ago are now first-line agents.
Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences Year : 2008 Volume : 3 Issue : 1 Page : 2-6
Temporal lobe epilepsy is a fairly homogenous syndrome in adults, with hippocampal sclerosis being the commonest etiology. In children, temporal lobe epilepsy is more commonly due to cortical dysplasia or tumors.
Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences Year : 2008 Volume : 3 Issue : 1 Page : 121-125
Despite advancement in neuroimaging and improvement in the knowledge of tumor behavior, the optimal surgical treatment of patients with temporal-lobe tumors remains unclear. Controversies still exist regarding the type of tumor surgery, i.e., lesionectomy alone or in combination with resection of mesial temporal structures and epileptogenic cortex adjacent to the tumor and the extent of tumor removal.
Marinesco-Sjogren syndrome (MSS) is a progressive multisystem disease with autosomal recessive inheritance characterized by cataracts, mental retardation, and cerebellar ataxia. Recently, two causative genes for MSS, SIL1 and SARA2, have been identified.
To retrospectively compare the diagnostic accuracy of an alternative method used to grade gliomas that is based on histogram analysis of normalized cerebral blood volume (CBV) values from the entire tumor volume (obtained with the histogram method) with that of the hot-spot method, with histologic analysis as the reference standard.
European Journal of Pediatrics 0340-6199 (Print) 10.1007/s00431-008-0739-5
We report a very unusual case of meningoencephalitis due to Listeria monocytogenes in a 7-month-old immunocompetent boy. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture was initially negative, but was positive on the seventh day. The disease was complicated by seizures and hydrocephalus managed with temporary ventriculostomy.
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) technique is a dual-channel electrotherapy system designed specifically for the treatment of pharyngeal dysfunction.
Journal of Neural Transmission 0300-9564 (Print) 10.1007/s00702-008-0050-7
Ketogenic diet (KD) is an effective treatment for intractable epilepsies. We recently found that KD can prevent seizure and myoclonic jerk in a rat model of post-hypoxic myoclonus.
Clinical Cancer Research 14, 3098-3104, May 15, 2008
To investigate the therapeutic role of adjuvant vaccination with autologous mature dendritic cells (DC) loaded with tumor lysates derived from autologous, resected glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) at time of relapse.
Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences Year : 2008 Volume : 3 Issue : 1 Page : 55-64
The underlying pathological substrates of localization-related epilepsy are varied. In children, the foremost among these are the malformative disorders of cortical development of which focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is the most prominent.
Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences Year : 2008 Volume : 3 Issue : 1 Page : 41-47
Epilepsy is a significant and commonplace neurological disability in the pediatric population. Data from increasingly larger and more representative studies have brought about noteworthy changes in our understanding of the prognosis of epilepsy in the pediatric age-group.
Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences Year : 2008 Volume : 3 Issue : 1 Page : 35-40
Although definititions of refractory epilepsy vary, about 40% of prevalent cases of epilepsy are not controlled by anti-epileptic drugs. A substantial proportion of this population requires palliative therapy since only a minority are candidates for epilepsy surgery.
Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences Year : 2008 Volume : 3 Issue : 1 Page : 48-54
The various imaging techniques used in the diagnostic workup of the epileptic child are presented in this review, with special emphasis on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which has become the mainstay for the anatomical imaging workup.
Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences Year : 2008 Volume : 3 Issue : 1 Page : 16-29
Epilepsy and cognition have a multi-tiered reciprocal relationship. Alteration in cognitive abilities and performance may occur in tandem with persistent seizures in a patient with epilepsy.
Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences Year : 2008 Volume : 3 Issue : 1 Page : 30-34
Children with intractable epilepsy are at considerable risk for cognitive impairment, school failure, behaviour and mental health problems and overall compromised quality of life. It influences the development of cognitive functions during the period of brain plasticity.
American Journal of Therapeutics. 15(3):290-291, May/June 2008
Tiagabine, in excess dosing scenarios, has been rarely documented to cause status epilepticus. We describe such a case that was not responsive to benzodiazepines, but only to propofol infusion.
The complex pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury (TBI) involves not only the primary mechanical event but also secondary insults such as hypotension, hypoxia, raised intracranial pressure and changes in cerebral blood flow and metabolism.
The objective of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) in very young children suffering from catastrophic epilepsy and status epilepticus.
Brucellosis is a multisystem disease that may present with a large spectrum of clinical manifestations. Only five cases of intracranial aneurysm formation and/or subarachnoidal hemorrhage associated with brucellosis have been reported. In this paper, we take the opportunity to review these reports and present a new case of basilar artery aneurysm and subarachnoidal hemorrhage due to brucellosis.
Neurofunctional alterations in acute posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and changes thereof during the course of the disease are not well investigated. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to assess the functional neuroanatomy of emotional memory in surgical patients with acute PTSD. Traumatic (relative to non-traumatic) memories increased neural activity in the amygdala, hippocampus, lateral temporal, retrosplenial, and anterior cingulate cortices.
We describe two patients with isolated brainstem lesions who exhibited behavioural and cognitive changes that are commonly associated with frontal lobe pathology, as leading clinical features. These cases illustrate the role of distributed neural networks in cognitive and behavioural processes.
Transient epileptic amnesia (TEA) is characterised by recurrent brief episodes of amnesia and atypical amnesic symptoms, known as long-term anterograde amnesia and dense retrograde amnesia. It has been proposed that an antiepileptic drug (AED) can prevent not only epileptiform activity, but also accelerated forgetting.
In 2003 we reported a case study of a patient, Newton who presented with a progressive circumscribed anomia in association with focal left hemisphere atrophy. Remarkably, he could spell aloud the names of objects that he could not name, indicating dissociated access to phonology and orthography.
Previous studies on visual form agnosic patients have shown that their color perception is relatively preserved when monochromatic figures are used. However, it is unclear whether their color perception remains normal when figures are composed of two parts in different colors.
Lesions affecting the left fusiform gyrus (FG) commonly result in dyslexia and recovery largely depends on efficient reorganization of the reading network. We performed a follow-up fMRI study to elucidate the reorganization patterns of the FG according to the recovery of reading ability in two patients (MH with pure alexia and KM with alexia with agraphia) after stroke involving the left FG. Initially, MH was an effortful letter-by-letter (LBL) reader, and she improved to become a proficient LBL reader.
Accounts of anosognosia for hemiplegia have long suggested some implicit knowledge of deficit, where lack of awareness is driven by the emotionally-aversive consequences of bringing deficit-related thoughts to consciousness.
Cerebral lesions are held to induce plastic changes of the brain. Less well established, however, is how much space-occupying brain lesions may only displace functional representations. In a 66-year-old man we show, by means of functional magnetic resonance imaging and transcranial magnetic stimulation, a profound displacement of the motor cortex due to a large asymptomatic arachnoid cyst. Thus, the chronically compressed brain is capable of sustaining normal brain function without utilizing the potential of cortical plasticity.
The Cerecyte coils were developed to improve long-term stability of embolized cerebral aneurysms by producing an increased fibrous reaction over the neck of the aneurysms. We report our preliminary clinical experience with mid-term follow-up.
Within the neurosurgical literature on intracranial aneurysms, balloon-assisted coiling (BAC) remains controversial when compared to conventional coiling (CC). The aim of this study was to compare our results with BAC and CC over a 4-year period.
An inverse relationship between better socioeconomic status (total household income, education or occupation) and stroke has been established in developed communities, but family size has generally not been considered in the use of socioeconomic status indices.
Falls are an important issue in older people. We aimed to determine the incidence, circumstances, and predictors of falls in patients with recent acute stroke.
Journal of Medical Systems 0148-5598 (Print) 10.1007/s10916-008-9145-9
Epilepsy is a disorder of cortical excitability and still an important medical problem. The correct diagnosis of a patient’s epilepsy syndrome clarifies the choice of drug treatment and also allows an accurate assessment of prognosis in many cases. The aim of this study is to evaluate epileptic patients and classify epilepsy groups such as partial and primary generalized epilepsy by using Radial Basis Function Neural Network
(RBFNN) and Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network (MLPNNs).
Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology Volume 26, Number 5 / September, 1990 383-386
Cytokinetic analyses of gliomas and other neoplasms rely exclusively on the use of proliferation-dependent markers such as [3H]-thymidine and BuDR incorporation and the detection of growth-dependent proteins such as proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki-67.
Progesterone (P), the most biologically active progestin of ovarian origin, modulates numerous cellular functions in the central nervous system to coordinate physiology and reproduction. The neurobiological activity of P is mediated not by a single form of the progestin receptor (PR), but by two neural isoforms of PRs, PR-A and PR-B.
Clinical Cancer Research 14, 2978-2987, May 15, 2008
Current methods of classification of astrocytoma based on histopathologic methods are often subjective and less accurate. Although patients with glioblastoma have grave prognosis, significant variability in patient outcome is observed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify glioblastoma diagnostic and prognostic markers through microarray analysis.
Gradient recalled echo MRI (GRE) has been shown to be as accurate as CT for the detection of acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). However, because of the differences in the signal parameter being detected, apparent hemorrhage size is expected to vary by imaging modality, with GRE providing larger volumes attributable to susceptibility effects.
Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention 17, 1277-1281, May 1, 2008
A personal history of asthma or allergy has been associated with a reduced risk for adult malignant gliomas. Recent reports on the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) and the presence of risk alleles in asthma susceptibility genes showed similar inverse associations.
The European Journal of Health Economics 1618-7598 (Print) 10.1007/s10198-008-0108-3
Cerebrovascular disease (or stroke) is one of the main causes of long-term disability and the second leading cause of death worldwide. The economic impact of stroke is clearly seen, as it is the largest single cause of bed occupancy in hospitals in England and accounts for 6% of hospital costs.
Accumulating evidence indicates the beneficial effects of positive emotion on health and general well-being in older age. Less evidence is available on whether positive emotion supports improvement in functional status after an acute medical event such as stroke.
Journal of Neurotrauma. May 1, 2008, 25(5): 527-53
Following severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), increasing oxygen delivery to the brain has been advocated as a useful strategy to reverse mitochondrial dysfunction and improve neurological outcome.
Journal of Neurotrauma. May 1, 2008, 25(5): 503-512
Decompressive hemicraniectomy is commonly performed in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) with diffuse brain swelling or refractory raised intracranial pressure.
Journal of Neurotrauma. May 1, 2008, 25(5): 479-494
Working memory is frequently impaired after traumatic brain injury (TBI). The present study aimed to investigate working memory deficits in patients with diffuse axonal injury and to determine the contribution of cerebral activation dysfunctions to them.
Journal of Neurotrauma. May 1, 2008, 25(5): 549-559
Systemic cooling to achieve brain hypothermia has been investigated as a neuroprotective therapy but can present serious adverse effects. Here we describe a novel method to selectively cool the rat brain and investigate its neuroprotective effects following transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo).
Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention 17, 1195-1202, May 1, 2008
Folate metabolism plays an important role in carcinogenesis. To test the hypothesis that polymorphic variation in the folate metabolism genes 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), methionine synthase (MTRR), and methionine synthase reductase (MTR) influences the risk of primary brain tumors, we genotyped 1,005 glioma cases, 631 meningioma cases, and 1,101 controls for the MTHFR C677A and A1298C, MTRR A66G, and MTR A2756G variants. MTHFR C677T-A1298C diplotypes were associated with risk of meningioma (P = 0.002) and glioma (P = 0.02); risks were increased with genotypes associated with reduced MTHFR activity.
Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics May 2008 Volume 1, Number 5
The aim of this study was to characterize the prevalence and demographic features of abusive head trauma (AHT) among infants and children < 36 months of age in Pennsylvania.
Journal of Neural Transmission 0300-9564 (Print) 10.1007/s00702-008-0056-1
Experimental studies and investigations of the cerebrospinal fluid in migraineurs have suggested an involvement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in migraine pathophysiology.
Underlying mechanisms for decreased cognitive functioning in patients with type 2 diabetes are unclear. In the general population, cerebral hypoperfusion is a risk factor for cognitive dysfunction and dementia. Reduced cerebral perfusion may account for cognitive impairments in diabetic patients relative to controls.
Each year more than 50 000 Canadians experience a stroke and more than 300 000 currently live with its effects. Despite the evidence supporting best practices in stroke care, significant gaps in translating this knowledge into action remains in Canada.
Migraine is a common neurological disorder with a great impact on the quality of life and social activities. Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) are mostly congenital, with a prevalence of 5-50% in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT).
To prospectively determine the parameters derived at admission computed tomographic (CT) perfusion imaging admission that best differentiate ischemic white matter that recovers from that which infarcts, with the latter retrospectively defined at a CT examination performed without contrast material (unenhanced CT) 5-7 days after the event.
Journal of Neurotrauma. May 1, 2008, 25(5): 495-502
We performed a retrospective study at a level I pediatric trauma center of patients admitted between 1998 and 2005 to determine the time after severe pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) that hypotension (systolic blood pressure [SBP] of <5th percentile) is most strongly associated with poor outcome.
Pain Practice Volume 8 Issue 3 Page 206-209, May/June 2008
Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is a syndrome characterized by orthostatic headache, nausea, vomiting, photophobia, and diplopia. Subdural effusion, diffuse dural enhancement, dilatation of epidural veins, and increased height of hypophysis are cranial magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings in SIH.
The purpose of this study was to retrospectively assess the feasibility of a fully automated image postprocessing tool for the segmentation of the arterial cerebrovasculature from computed tomographic (CT) angiography in 27 patients (nine men, 18 women; mean age, 55 years; age range, 33-76 years) with subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences Year : 2008 Volume : 3 Issue : 1 Page : 117-120
Prediction of the long-term outcomes of childhood-onset epilepsy remains crucial for the future well-being of the affected children and their families and for planning proper therapeutic and educational programs.
Neurological Sciences Volume 29, Number 1 / February, 2008 3-9
Permutation entropy (PE) was recently introduced as a very fast and robust algorithm to detect dynamic complexity changes in time series. It was also suggested as a useful screening algorithm for epileptic events in EEG data. In the present work, we tested its efficacy on scalp EEG data recorded from three epileptic patients.
Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences Year : 2008 Volume : 3 Issue : 1 Page : 97-106
Children with lesion-related extratemporal epilepsies with suboptimal seizure control should be identified early and referred for presurgical evaluation before irreversible deterioration in cognitive or psychosocial functions ensues due to long-standing disabling seizures and chronic antiepileptic drug-related side effects.
Levodopa is the most effective agent to alleviate motor dysfunction in Parkinson's disease but its long-term use is associated with the development of dyskinesias. Although the pathogenic processes behind the development of levodopa-induced dyskinesias are still being elucidated, it appears that chronic administration of this short-lived agent results in nonphysiologic pulsatile stimulation of striatal neurons and abnormal firing patterns in the basal ganglia.
Benign intracranial hypertension is a clinical diagnosis linked to a number of medical and surgical disorders. A common aetiology has not yet been established.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 29:857-862, May 2008
Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a rare spindle-cell neoplasm originating from mesenchymal fibroblast-like cells. The purpose of this study was to describe the CT and MR imaging features of SFTs in the orbit.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 29:832-837, May 2008
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is increasingly being used in the preoperative evaluation of pediatric patients with epilepsy. The ability to noninvasively localize ictal onset zones (IOZ) and their relationships to eloquent functional cortex allows the pediatric epilepsy team to more accurately assess the likelihood of postoperative seizure freedom, while more precisely prognosticating the potential functional deficits that may be expected from resective surgery.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 29:843-852, May 2008
This second article of the 2-part review builds on the theoretic background provided by the first article to cover the major technical factors that affect image quality in diffusion imaging, including the acquisition sequence, magnet field strength, gradient amplitude, and slew rate as well as multichannel radio-frequency coils and parallel imaging.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 29:853-856, May 2008
Comprehensive diagnostic criteria encompassing the varied clinical and radiographic manifestations of spontaneous intracranial hypotension are not available. Therefore, we propose a new set of diagnostic criteria.
International Journal of Clinical Oncology Volume 6, Number 4 / August, 2001 183-191
The introduction of modern neuro-imaging techniques, as well as various environmental factors, have been changing the incidence and the proportions of the types of clinically diagnosed intracranial tumors. The aim of this study was to determine recent trends in the occurrence of primary intracranial tumors in the residents of Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan.
International Journal of Clinical Oncology Volume 13, Number 1 / February, 2008 48-53
The aim of this article is to report the treatment outcomes, toxicities, and dosimetric feasibility of our simultaneous-boost intensity-modulated radiotherapy (SIB-IMRT) protocol.
: Few studies have assessed the longitudinal impact of providing unpaid care for stroke survivors. We aimed to describe the positive and negative impact of providing unpaid care and to identify independent predictors of poor carer outcome.
Standard selection criteria for thrombolysis typically exclude patients with acute ischemic stroke with unclear onset. Multimodal MRI screening may be able to identify those with a favorable benefit-risk ratio for thrombolysis.
Few studies have focused on the quality of secondary prevention among long-term stroke survivors. This study explores the intensity of medical intervention and the impact of lifestyle and other risk factors on the long-term stroke prognosis in a population-based setting of Swedish individuals with a history of stroke.
Many hospitalised patients with a transient ischaemic attack (TIA) or minor stroke develop subtle cognitive disorders and emotional problems a few weeks after discharge, and are dissatisfied with the care they have received, even with specialised stroke care programmes.
In this study we analyzed whether demographic, clinical and neuroradiological parameters are associated with time to hospital admission in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).
Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences Year : 2008 Volume : 3 Issue : 1 Page : 88-93
Gelastic or laughter seizures have been poorly understood but are a classic seizure entity. Though rare, gelastic seizures have been described most often in association with hypothalamic hamartomas.
Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences Year : 2008 Volume : 3 Issue : 1 Page : 65-73
This review focuses on the present status of inter-ictal surface EEG, simultaneous ictal video-EEG and intracranial EEG in the evaluation of children for epilepsy surgery. This is considered in the context of high-end structural and functional neuroimaging available today.
Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences
Year : 2008 Volume : 3 Issue : 1 Page : 74-81
The objective of the multimodality presurgical evaluation in patients with refractory epilepsy is to establish sufficient concordance among the various investigations. There should be maximum overlap in the epileptogenic zone, the irritative zone, the ictal onset zone, the functional deficit zone and the symptomatogenic zone.
Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences Year : 2008 Volume : 3 Issue : 1 Page : 111-116
Epilepsy is a common disease. WHO data suggests that 1 in 20 people may have an epileptic seizure in their lifetime and at least 1 in 200 go on to develop epilepsy. Anticonvulsant drug therapy using one or more drugs works as an effective tool to suppress seizures in only 70% of the patients, the remaining 30% are either not responsive or suffer major side effects.
Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences Year : 2008 Volume : 3 Issue : 1 Page : 82-87
Epilepsy surgery for the child is increasingly being offered as a management option even in infants, due to advances in neurosurgery and pediatric neuro-anesthesia, coupled with a better understanding of neurophysiological evaluation/monitoring.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 29:e23-e30, May 2008
The recent "Advanced Neuroimaging for Acute Stroke Treatment" meeting on September 7 and 8, 2007 in Washington DC, brought together stroke neurologists, neuroradiologists, emergency physicians, neuroimaging research scientists, members of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), industry representatives, and members of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to discuss the role of advanced neuroimaging in acute stroke treatment.
Here we present the intriguing case of Christina the Astonishing (1150-1224). Christina appears to be unique in the archives of the religious interpretation of epilepsy in that her seizures were understood to represent her willing submission to demonic torments to provide much needed respite for those in purgatory.
To perform a clinical and genetic study of two large Italian families (RM-36 and RM-51) showing the cardinal clinical features of Silver syndrome (SS), a rare dominantly inherited form of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) complicated by amyotrophy of the small hand muscles.
In a primate model of Parkinson disease (PD), intrastriatal infusion of an adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector containing the human aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase (hAADC) gene results in robust gene expression. After gene transfer, low doses of systemically administered l-dopa are converted to dopamine in the transduced striatal neurons, resulting in behavioral improvement without the side effects typically associated with higher doses of l-dopa.
Recent years have seen major changes in our understanding of Parkinson disease (PD), challenging conventional wisdom, much of which was established during the Decade of the Brain.
Phase I/II placebo-controlled clinical trials of recombinant Factor VIIa (rFVIIa) suggested that administration of rFVIIa within 4 hours after onset of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is safe, limits ICH growth, and improves outcomes. We sought to determine the cost-effectiveness of rFVIIa for acute ICH treatment, using published Phase II data. We hypothesized that rFVIIa would have a low marginal cost-effectiveness ratio (mCER) given the poor neurologic outcomes after ICH with conventional management.
American Journal of the Medical Sciences. 335(5):390-393, May 2008
Dysregulation of the neuroendocrine system is a frequent complication after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Symptoms of these hormonal abnormalities might be subtle and thus easily ignored. Hyponatremia usually indicates underlying disorders that disrupt fluid homeostasis.
Journal of the American Geriatrics Society doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.01693.x
To examine 1-year mortality and healthcare payments of stroke patients experiencing zero, one and two or more bounce-backs within 30 days of discharge.
Journal of the American Geriatrics Society doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.01707.x
To determine whether changes in strength or cardiorespiratory fitness after exercise training improve walking ability in individuals who have had a stroke.
European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience Volume 247, Number 2 / April, 1997 61-70
Positron emission tomography (PET) in combination with receptor-selective high-affinity radioligands allows the characterization of neuroreceptor distributions in the living human brain. Thus far, the visualization and quantification of receptors with PET have been limited to series of two-dimensional (2D) image planes of the anatomic receptor distribution.
European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 0940-1334 (Print) 10.1007/s00406-008-0805-z
Episodic memory encoding and retrieval processes have been linked to different neural networks. However, the common brain regions associated with non-relational memory processing during successful encoding (subsequent memory effect) and successful retrieval (recognition effect) have not yet been investigated. Further, the majority of functional imaging studies have been conducted in young subjects, whereas patients from lesion studies, where most neuropsychological models are still based upon, are usually older.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 29:906-910, May 2008
The outcome of radiosurgery for vestibular schwannoma (VS) is assessed by posttreatment measurement of tumor size and could be influenced by the timing and quality of the assessment. This study evaluates the volumetric changes of VS after radiosurgery and proposes a radiologic follow-up program.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 29:988-990, May 2008
Recovery of oculomotor (cranial nerve [CN] III) palsy after surgery of posterior communicating artery (PcomA) aneurysms has been well documented, but recovery after coiling is poorly understood.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 29:980-982, May 2008
Characterization of paraclinoid aneurysms may be difficult because of the complexity of anatomic structures involved, and differentiation between intradural and extradural lesions is crucial.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 29:937-940, May 2008
Pathogenesis of leukoaraiosis is incompletely understood and accumulation of small infarctions may be one of the possible sources of such white matter lesions.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 29:890-894, May 2008
Conventional thinking among radiologists is that the mandible acts as a closed "ring" that needs to fracture at 2 points, though the frequency of multiple mandible fractures has been reported to be only as high as 67%. However, many of these studies did not use CT to confirm the presence of suggested fractures and excluded nondisplaced fractures.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 29:974-975, May 2008
Arterial perforation is a feared complication of acute stroke intervention. A high index of suspicion is important to recognize this complication and tailor patient management to prevent further deterioration in clinical outcome.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 29:956-961, May 2008
Hyperecho-turbo spin-echo (hyperTSE) sequences were developed to reduce the specific absorption rate (SAR), especially at high fields such as 3T and above.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 29:967-973, May 2008
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) may be a useful index of microstructural changes implicated in diffuse axonal injury (DAI) linked to persistent postconcussive symptoms, especially in mild traumatic brain injury (TBI), for which conventional MR imaging techniques may lack sensitivity.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 29:911-912, May 2008
Despite the recent progress of MR imaging, visualization of the cranial nerves within the brain stem has not been accomplished. Periodically rotated overlapping parallel lines with enhanced reconstruction (PROPELLER) multishot diffusion-weighted imaging, an effective method for compensating for motion and distortion, offers high-quality diffusion-weighted images.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 29:950-955, May 2008
Physiologic age-related T2* and T2' values are required as reference for comparison with disease-related deviations. In our study, T2* and T2' values (T2 values as control) were determined with MR imaging in healthy subjects to determine standard values and investigate age-related changes.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 29:962-966, May 2008
In some patients with nonperimesencephalic nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (aneurysmal SAH), no aneurysm can be found on digital subtraction angiography (DSA), and repeat DSA is advocated.
To describe an upper extremity ergometer test for children with spinal cord injury (SCI) and examine differences based on injury level for peak heart rate (HRpeak), oxygen uptake (VO2peak/kg), and peak power output per kilogram (Wpeak/kg).
Intracranial aneurysms are extremely uncommon in the pediatric population. Their epidemiology is poorly understood, and certain features make them unique. In our study we analyzed pediatric intracranial aneurysm patients to gain an insight into the epidemiology, clinicoradiological profile and outcome.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:719-721
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with an increased risk of ischaemic stroke, including silent brain infarction. No study has examined its association with the lacunar subtype.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:722-724
The 19q13.3 locus for intracranial aneurysms (IA) partly overlaps with the 19q13 locus for abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). A common genetic risk factor located in this locus for the two aneurysm types seems plausible.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:716-718
The issue of whether to adopt a "wait and watch" strategy or to initiate drug therapy soon after diagnosis in Parkinson's disease (PD) has been the subject of some debate. A recent observational study supported early treatment by demonstrating deterioration in self-reported health status in those left untreated, but not those who received therapy. We aimed to replicate this observation.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:652-655
Visual hallucinations (VH) occur frequently in Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and are much less common in other bradykinetic rigid syndromes. Pathological series suggest that the presence of VH is highly specific for Lewy body pathology.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:656-663
Attention deficits have been linked to poor recovery after stroke and may predict outcome. We explored the influence of attention on functional recovery post stroke in the first 12 months after discharge from hospital.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:686-693
Anterior temporal lobe resection (ATLR) benefits many patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) but may be complicated by material specific memory impairments, typically of verbal memory following left ATLR, and non-verbal memory following right ATLR. Preoperative memory functional MRI (fMRI) may help in the prediction of these deficits.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:694-699
To evaluate the results of ventral intermediate (Vim) thalamic deep brain stimulation (DBS) in patients with tremor predominant Parkinson's disease (PD) at 6 years post surgery.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:625-629
Collaterals may sustain penumbra prior to recanalisation yet the influence of baseline collateral flow on infarct growth following endovascular therapy remains unknown.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:636-640
To compare hippocampal surface structure, using large deformation high dimensional mapping (HDM-LD), in subjects with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) with (HS+ve) and without (HS+ve) hippocampal sclerosis.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:700-705
Impaired generation of verbs relative to nouns has been reported in Parkinson's disease (PD) and has been associated with the frontal pathophysiology of PD. The aim of the present study was to measure noun/verb generation abilities in PD and to determine whether noun/verb generation is affected by stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN).
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:678-685
Classification of traumatic brain injury (TBI) severity guides management and contributes to determination of prognosis. Common indicators of TBI severity include Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores, length of coma (LOC) and duration of post-traumatic amnesia (PTA).
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:618
A 42-year-old woman who smoked had a right middle cerebral artery (MCA) stroke of undetermined origin (initial NIHSS 19). CT and perfusion-CT after 7 h (fig 1B) showed no mass effect. Between 7 and 20 h, she suffered five episodes of asystolia of 10 s duration (fig 1C ), each accompanied by brief loss of consciousness, resolving spontaneously.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:685
A 58-year-woman was admitted in poor clinical condition (Hunt and Hess grade V) after subarachnoid and intraventricular haemorrhage. She was intubated, and hydrocephalus was treated with ventricular drainage.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:671
A healthy 69-year-old man was hit by a car while bicycling. On admission, he was vomiting but had a maximal Glasgow Coma Score, and no other abnormalities on neurological examination.
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