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Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand Vol91 No.4 497 9020
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been shown to be a safe and effective method for the treatment of refractory Parkinson’s disease and other movement disorders. Traditionally, frame-based stereotactic have been the standard technique commonly used for DBS surgery.
Current Opinion in Pediatrics. 20(3):294-299, June 2008
Advances have been made in defining the critical Glasgow Coma Score for predicting poor outcome and in developing the Relative Head Injury Severity Score, which can assess severity of traumatic brain injury from administrative datasets. More information regarding the radiation risks of head computed tomography imaging and guidelines for the appropriate use of imaging have recently been evaluated.
Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology 0171-5216 (Print) 10.1007/s00432-008-0404-4
Ataxia telangictasia mutated (ATM) is involved in DNA repair pathway and cell-cycle checkpoints. ATM alterations were found in medulloblastomas, gliomas, but not in astrocytoma.
European Journal of Neurology Volume 15 Issue 6 Page 613-618, June 2008
There are practically no references to cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) studies in tropical or nutritional neuropathies. In the present paper we present the results of CSF studies in patients with Cuban Epidemic Optic Neuropathy (CEON) during epidemic and endemic periods, with an appraisal as to the contribution of brain barriers' function in the pathophysiology of this disease.
European Journal of Neurology Volume 15 Issue 6 Page 559-564, June 2008
To study the clinical characteristics of hypokalemic thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (hoTPP) and identify the predictors of recurrent paralytic attacks before achieving the euthyroid status.
European Journal of Neurology Volume 15 Issue 6 Page 605-612, June 2008
Background and purpose: In neurological practice patients with tentative idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) usually are referred to neurosurgery based on clinical and radiological findings. Hydrodynamic assessment using lumbar infusion testing might be helpful in selecting patients. To retrospectively analyse lumbar infusion tests done in neurological practice in iNPH patients to see how infusion test results relate to the clinical course and shunt response.
Surgical Practice, Volume 12, Number 2, May 2008 , pp. 51-55(5)
Spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage accounts for only 3-4% of all stroke but the consequences can be devastating. In the present review article, we review the epidemiology, clinical features, investigations and management philosophy in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 0340-0131 (Print) 10.1007/s00420-008-0327-z
The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is an association between socioeconomic status, occupation and hospitalization for Parkinson’s disease (PD).
European Journal of Neurology Volume 15 Issue 6 Page 565-572, June 2008
We studied 11 consecutive patients with first-ever hemispheric ischaemic stroke within eight days after symptoms onset and nine of them at least three months after stroke.
We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of PET with L-methyl-11C-methionine (11C-MET) for the differentiation of recurrent brain tumors from radiation necrosis.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 29:997-1002, May 2008
Internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysms may present with cranial nerve dysfunction. Therapeutic ICA occlusion, when tolerated, is an effective treatment resulting in improvement or cure of symptoms in most patients.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 29:991-996, May 2008
Polyglycolic/polylactic acid (PGLA) addition to bare platinum coils is intended to reduce the reopening rate of coiled intracranial aneurysms. Nexus coils are standard complex platinum coils with interwoven PGLA microfilament threads.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 29:1024-1031, May 2008
Patients with arteriovenous malformation (AVM) are known to have an elevated risk of complications with conventional catheter angiography (CCA) but nonetheless require monitoring of hemodynamics.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 29:1012-1016, May 2008
How early spinal cord injury (SCI) lesions evolve in patients after injury is unknown. The purpose of this study was to characterize the early evolution of spinal cord edema and hemorrhage on MR imaging after acute traumatic SCI.
Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science 1672-3597 (Print) 10.1007/BF02900026
Ninety-two cases of stroke were randomly divided into treatment group in which 52 cases were treated with acupuncture and Tuina therapy, and control group in which 40 cases were treated with western medicine.
Vascular Health and Risk Management Issue: ON-LINE EARLY
Intracranial aneurysm (IA) rupture is one of the leading causes of stroke in the United States and remains a major health concern today. Most aneurysms are asymptomatic with a minor percentage of rupture annually. Regardless, IA rupture has a devastatingly high mortality rate and does not have specific drugs that stabilize or prevent aneurysm rupture, though other preventive therapeutic options such as clipping and coiling of incidental aneurysms are available to clinicians.
Journal of Palliative Medicine. May 1, 2008, 11(4): 548-554
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is well recognized as a terminal illness with an established need for palliative care. Parkinson's disease is a substantially more common cause of death, yet little has been written about the palliative needs of these patients at the end of life.
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO), also known as Devic's disease, is an inflammatory demyelinating disease that affects selectively the optic nerves and the spinal cord.
Because the concept of brain death is difficult to define and to apply, we hypothesized that significant variability exists in pediatric brain death determination and documentation.
European Radiology 0938-7994 (Print) 10.1007/s00330-008-0985-y
We report magnetic resonance (MR), computed tomography (CT) and angiographic imaging of an unusual giant arachnoid granulation in the superior sagittal sinus in a man with headache and vertigo.
We report a case of metaplastic meningioma with extensive xanthomatous change occurring in a 61-year-old woman. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a well-demarcated, dura-based mass measuring 7 cm in maximal diameter in the right occipital to parietal area.
People with spinal cord injury (SCI) are at risk of developing complications specific to the condition. As the incidence of SCI is low, general practitioners may not be familiar with these complications.
European Radiology 0938-7994 (Print) 10.1007/s00330-008-0999-5
Fetal intracranial tumors are rare. The diagnosis is generally made on histology after birth. The aim of this study was to analyze clinical and imaging data in a series of fetal intracranial tumors and emphasize the findings that may help approach the diagnosis antenatally.
A prefabricated oral screen has shown promising results as a muscle self-training device to improve the lip function of stroke patients affected by oropharyngeal dysphagia.
Exaggerated nocturnal intracranial pressure (ICP) dynamics are commonly observed in hydrocephalic children with a compromise of CSF compensatory reserve capacity. Successful shunting restores this cerebrospinal reserve.
European Journal of Neurology doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2008.02141.x
Rapid recognition of stroke is important because it allows early brain imaging and management such as thrombolytic therapy. We evaluated the identification of the diagnosis acute cerebrovascular incident in a physician-based prehospital emergency medical system.
European Journal of Neurology doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2008.02148.x
The diagnosis of Parkinson disease (PD) is made typically on the basis of motor abnormalities. PD is now recognized to have both motor and non-motor manifestations, indicating a need for the development of reliable non-motor diagnostic tests for PD. The aim of the present study was to compare the accuracy of various clinical motor and non-motor tests for the diagnosis of PD.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 29:931-936, May 2008
The Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) is a reliable method of delineating the extent of middle cerebral artery (MCA) stroke. Our aim was to retrospectively compare the accuracy of ASPECTS on noncontrast CT, CT angiography (CTA) source images, and CT perfusion maps of cerebral blood volume (CBV) during the first 3 hours of middle cerebral artery (MCA) stroke.
Journal of Neuro-Oncology 0167-594X (Print) 10.1007/s11060-008-9599-0
Recurrent high-grade gliomas are resistant to chemotherapy and have poor prognosis. The combination of irinotecan and bevacizumab has been reported to be an active regimen in the treatment of this disease.
Intracerebral hemorrhage is the least treatable form of stroke. We performed this phase 3 trial to confirm a previous study in which recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) reduced growth of the hematoma and improved survival and functional outcomes.
Neuroblastoma is a malignant condition of the developing sympathetic nervous system that most commonly affects young children and is often lethal. Its cause is not known.
A retrospective review of all cases reported as medulloblastoma between the period of Jan 2000 to Dec 2006 was carried out on Hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) stained slides.
Journal of Neuro-Oncology 0167-594X (Print) 10.1007/s11060-008-9594-5
Based on limited literature, an at risk group of patients for development of neoplastic meningitis (NM) are those with resected cerebellar parenchymal metastases.
The aim of our study was to compare multidetector row computed tomography (CT) angiography (MDCTA) with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in the detection and characterization of intracranial aneurysms.
Pediatric and Developmental Pathology Volume 11, Issue 2 (March-April 2008)
In the Children's Cancer Group–945 trial, study design allowed estimation of overall interpathologist observational agreement for 6 histologic features frequently used in brain tumor diagnoses.
Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care. 64(5):1313-1319, May 2008
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death for traumatic injury, which is the fifth highest killer in China and the highest killer in adults under 40 years of age. But, there is a lack of epidemiologic data of TBI in China during the past decade.
Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care. 64(5):1327-1341, May 2008
Critical pathways for the management of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (STBI) may contribute to reducing the incidence of hospital complications, length of hospitalization stay, and cost of care. Such pathways have previously been developed for departments with significant resource availability.
A double-blind, dose-controlled study evaluated topiramate as monotherapy in 470 patients with newly diagnosed (3 months) epilepsy or epilepsy relapse in the absence of therapy.
Status epilepticus (SE) and serial attacks (SA) represent neurological emergencies, and mortality rate for SE/SA is high, ranging from 3% to 25%, depending on cause and co-morbidity.
The extracellular membrane surface contains a substantial amount of negatively charged sialic acid residues. Some of the sialic acids are located close to the pore of voltage-gated channel, substantially influencing their gating properties.
Locomotor training (LT) using a treadmill can improve walking ability over conventional rehabilitation in individuals with hemiparesis, although the personnel requirements often necessary to provide LT may limit its application. Robotic devices that provide consistent symmetrical assistance have been developed to facilitate LT, although their effectiveness in improving locomotor ability has not been well established.
There is mounting evidence that seizures are preceded by characteristic changes in the EEG that are detectable minutes before seizure onset. Using novel signal analysis techniques, researchers are beginning to characterize the transition from the interictal to the ictal state in quantitative terms.
Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology. 67(5):417-427, May 2008
Brain edema and associated increased intracranial pressure are major consequences of traumatic brain injury that account for most early deaths after traumatic brain injury. An important component of brain edema after traumatic brain injury is astrocyte swelling (cytotoxic edema).
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), the acute manifestation of a common progressive cerebrovascular disease of the elderly, is the most fatal and least treatable form of stroke. There is a desperate need for ICH-specific therapeutics and effective primary prevention strategies, a need that is certain to grow with the aging of the population.
An isolated prolonged episode of transient amnesia can be a major manifestation of transient global amnesia (TGA) and transient epileptic amnesia (TEA). We report a case of transient amnesia associated with a left temporal tumor and try to elucidate the possible mechanism of the amnesia.
The Journal of Headache and Pain 1129-2369 (Print) 10.1007/s10194-008-0033-y
Cluster headache (CH) is a well-defined primary headache syndrome, but cases of symptomatic headache with clinical features of CH have been previously reported. Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH) is a secondary headache disorder characterized by headache and visual symptoms, without clinical, radiological or laboratory evidence of intracranial pathology.
Individuals with familial Parkinson's disease (PD) due to a monogenic defect can show considerable clinical and neuropathological variability. To identify factors underlying this variability, histopathological analysis was performed in two clinically different A53T
{alpha}-synuclein heterozygotes from Family H, a multigenerational
{alpha}-synuclein A53T kindred. To determine whether additional genetic factors could contribute to phenotypic variability, Family H and another multigenerational A53T kindred were analyzed for parkin polymorphisms.
Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology. 67(5):456-469, May 2008
Galectin (Gal) 1 is a hypoxia-regulated proangiogenic factor that also directly participates in glioblastoma cell migration. To determine how Gal-1 exerts its proangiogenic effects, we investigated Gal-1 signaling in the human Hs683 glioblastoma cell line.
Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology. 67(5):435-448, May 2008
Gliomas, particularly glioblastoma multiforme, perturb the blood-brain barrier and cause brain edema that contributes to morbidity and mortality. The mechanisms underlying this vasogenic edema are poorly understood. We examined the effects of cocultured primary cultured human glioblastoma cells and glioma-derived growth factors on the endothelial cell tight junction proteins claudin 1, claudin 5, occludin, and zonula occludens 1 of brain-derived microvascular endothelial cells and a human umbilical vein endothelial cell line.
Journal of Neurological Sciences (Turkish) 2008, Volume 25, Number 1, Page(s) 006-010
The pathogenesis of cerebrovascular malformations is currently unknown. Lately recent researchs suggest that their pathogenesis and development might be due to various factors taking part in the angiogenesis.
Journal of Neurological Sciences (Turkish) 2008, Volume 25, Number 1, Page(s) 055-058
Recent molecular cytogenetic studies have elucidated the origin and nature of extra structurally abnormal chromosomes or small supernumerary chromosomes, which are often associated with developmental delay and malformations.
The discussion surrounding shaken baby syndrome (SBS) arose from the lack of evidence implicating diffuse axonal injury (DAI) as a cause of death. It was assumed instead that injury to the cervical cord, medulla, and nerve roots played a causal role.
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine 21 (3): 179-183 (2008)
Asthma has been linked to stroke, but it is unknown if hay fever is related to stroke. This study was designed to investigate if there is an association between a reported history of hay fever and stroke during a 4.4-year study period.
The failure of malignant cells to undergo apoptosis is a major obstacle in cancer therapy, and thus identifying the underlining molecules involved therein is imperative for improving patient survival.
Neurosurgical Review Volume 31, Number 2 / April, 2008
The standard treatment paradigm of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy for malignant gliomas has only a modest effect on survival. It is well emphasized in the literature that despite aggressive multimodal therapy, most patients survive approximately 1 year after diagnosis, and less than 10% survive beyond 2 years.
Journal of Child Neurology 2008, doi:10.1177/0883073808315417
This study examined the effect of vagus nerve stimulation on quality of life in children with epilepsy using a validated quality-of-life scale and an empirical technique that accounts for measurement error in assessing individual change (the reliable change index).
The treatment of hydrocephalus nowadays is still a challenge for neurosurgery. Neuroendoscopy is a valuable alternative of the CSF shunts in hydrocephalus management.
The advent of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has allowed the follow-up of tumor growth by precise volumetric measurements. Such information about tumor dynamics is, however, usually not fully integrated in the therapeutic management, and the assessment of tumor evolution is still limited to qualitative description.
Post-tubercular meningitic hydrocephalus (TBMH) and post-traumatic hydrocephalus (PTH) is often considered a contraindication for endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV), as it is mostly of communicating type in these cases.
Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment Issue: ON-LINE EARLY
We examined whether pramipexole (PPX) can influence depressive scale in normal and mild depressive parkinsonian patients. In an open study of PPX as an add-on to L-dopa therapy or single administration, 36 nondemented outpatients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) were entered first. All were in the stage II or III of Hoehn and Yahr scale (H&Y). PPX were started at 0.125 mg/day and daily doses were increased to 1.5 mg/day.
A 6-year-old boy presented with seizures since the age of 3 years characterized by sudden extension of the upper extremities and a tendency to fall forward; each seizure was induced by micturition.
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChR) are ligand-gated cation channels that are present throughout the nervous system. The muscle AChR mediates transmission at the neuromuscular junction; antibodies against the muscle AChR are the cause of myasthenia gravis.
The misplacement of electrodes is a possible explanation for suboptimal response to bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation in patients with Parkinson disease.
Pathological 43-kDa transactivating responsive sequence DNA-binding protein (TDP-43) has been identified recently as the major disease protein in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and in frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitinated inclusions, with or without motor neuron disease, but the distribution of TDP-43 pathology in ALS may be more widespread than previously described.
Elevated plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) levels have been associated with increased risk of dementia and stroke, but it is uncertain whether the mediating mechanisms are predominantly cellular, vascular, or both.
A 35-year-old heterosexual man had reduced dexterity in his right hand and difficulty writing; examination revealed right hand incoordination and reduced dexterity. Eight years ago he had had disseminated histoplasmosis, without central nervous system (CNS) involvement, that was successfully treated with 8 months of itraconazole.
A 12-year-old boy presented to the emergency department following a generalized tonic-clonic seizure lasting 5 minutes. He had had a 6-day fever with a severe frontal headache and progressive ideomotor impairment.
This descriptive, hospital-based study, performed in western Turkey, was designed to assess the level of pre-hospital delay and reasons for such delay in acute stroke patients, taking into consideration certain factors such as socioeconomic status, availability of transport options at onset of symptoms.
To evaluate the formation of venous gas bubbles following open-sea scuba dives in persons with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) and in able-bodied diving instructors (C) and to assess the risk for decompression sickness (DCS).
Thyrotoxicosis complicating spinal cord injury is more common than generally appreciated. To raise the level of awareness, the following case of fatal thyrotoxicosis is presented.
Retrospective study based on a reference paper. Neurological outcome in patients who were managed surgically with closed traumatic cervical spine injury was evaluated using the ASIA motor scoring system and Frankel grading.
To compare mechanical ventilation (MV) with phrenic nerve stimulation (PNS) for treatment of respiratory device-dependent (RDD) spinal cord-injured (SCI) patients.
To report a case of a woman with paraplegia who had ruptured ectopic pregnancy but presented with minimal non-specific symptoms and no clinical signs. A trans-vaginal scan confirmed the diagnosis and an emergency laprotomy was performed to save the patient's life.
Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics May 2008 Volume 1, Number 5
Intracranial aneurysms in young infants are extremely rare, with few published reports on the etiology, evaluation, treatment strategies, and follow-up of this condition in this population. The authors report the case of a traumatic dissecting aneurysm at the vertebrobasilar junction (VBJ) in a 3-month-old infant caused by nonaccidental trauma.
Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics May 2008 Volume 1, Number 5
Soft-tissue glomus tumors (or glomangiomas) are unrelated to neuroendocrine paragangliomas (glomus tympanicum, jugulare, and vagale). The authors present the first reported case of an orbital soft-tissue glomus tumor in a child.
Neuroblastoma is a malignant condition of the developing sympathetic nervous system that most commonly affects young children and is often lethal. Its cause is not known.
Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been increasing with greater incidence of injuries from traffic or sporting accidents. Although there are a number of animal models of TBI using progesterone for head injury, the effects of progesterone on neurologic outcome of acute TBI patients remain unclear. The aim of the present clinical study was to assess the longer-term efficacy of progesterone on the improvement in neurologic outcome of patients with acute severe TBI.
To determine the type and severity of challenging behaviours among a cohort of brain-injured persons referred to a community-based behaviour management service; and to determine whether different behaviour profiles were associated with aetiology of brain injury.
The purpose of this study was to examine the role of the serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms on the risk of major depression following traumatic brain injury (TBI).
Event-related, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were acquired in healthy participants during purposefully malingered and normal recognition memory performances to evaluate the neural substrates of feigned memory impairment.
To determine the effect of age and vocabulary as predictors of performance on neuropsychological tests in children with and without traumatic brain injury (TBI).
To evaluate the effectiveness of the Bikes, Blades and Boards (BB&B) programme. It was hypothesized that children who participated in the BB&B programme would demonstrate greater knowledge of how to wear their helmets safely than a control group who did not participate in the programme and retain their skills when assessed 1 year later.
International Journal of Rehabilitation Research. 31(2):111-117, June 2008
As there is no single, accepted definition of health-related quality of life (HRQOL), it is assumed to be a broad, multidimensional construct referring to those aspects of people's lives that reasonably relate to their health.
International Journal of Rehabilitation Research. 31(2):177-180, June 2008
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ideomotor apraxia on activities of daily living and to determine if the presence of apraxia interferes with rehabilitation.
Sexual dysfunction is a well-recognized problem in men with a history of stroke. Previous studies have assessed the association between sexual and erectile dysfunction in patients with cerebrovascular disease, but controversy persists over whether this link is organic or psychological.
Historically, radiation therapy has been used extensively in the treatment of malignant and aggressive intracranial tumors, and the importance of its role has been repeatedly verified by prolonged patient survival rates and increased tumor control.
Radiosurgery plays an important role in the treatment of refractory seizures induced by hypothalamic hamartomas (HHs). These lesions, deeply located and surrounded by a delicate vascular and neuronal network, are often associated with catastrophic epilepsy leading to progressive cognitive and behavioral deterioration.
Many benign intracranial tumors are amenable to radiotherapy treatment including meningiomas, schwannomas, pituitary tumors, and craniopharyngiomas. The authors present their experience in the treatment of craniopharyngiomas in 16 patients using frameless CyberKnife stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS).
The World Health Organization (WHO) reclassified atypical meningiomas in 2000, creating a more clear and broadly accepted definition. In this paper, the authors evaluated the pathological and clinical transition period for atypical meningiomas according to the implementation of the new WHO grading system at their institution.
The management of craniopharyngioma involves balancing adequate reduction in tumor volume and prevention of recurrence while minimizing damage to delicate surrounding structures. Because of the lesion's proximity to the optic chiasm and its relationship to the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, morbidity rates following treatment can be high.
We have previously demonstrated that augmented and prolonged activation of astrocytes detrimentally influences both the subacute and chronic phases of cerebral ischemia. Furthermore, we have suggested that the astrocyte-derived protein S100B may be important in these pathogenic events. However, the causal relationship between S100B and exacerbation of brain damage in vivo remains to be elucidated.
J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 20:178-184, May 2008
In preliminary trials, nefiracetam, a gamma aminobutyric compound, enhanced blood flow and improved mood following stroke. Within 3 months following stroke with major depression, 159 patients were enrolled in a double-blind trial of nefiracetam or placebo.
Very early mobilization may be one of the most important factors contributing to the favorable outcome observed from a stroke unit in Trondheim, Norway. The aims of this study were to (1) describe and compare the pattern of physical activity of patients with stroke managed in a stroke unit with specified mobilization protocols (Trondheim) and those without in Melbourne, Australia; and (2) identify differences in activity according to stroke severity between the 2 sites.
Blood oxygen level-dependent MRI (BOLD MRI) of hypercapnia-induced changes in cerebral blood flow is an emerging technique for mapping cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR). BOLD MRI signal reflects cerebral blood flow, but also depends on cerebral blood volume, cerebral metabolic rate, arterial oxygenation, and hematocrit.
We previously reported that central nervous system (CNS) inactivation of Nf1 and p53 tumor suppressor genes in mice results in the development of low-grade to high-grade progressive astrocytomas. When the tumors achieve high grade, they are frequently accompanied by Akt activation, reminiscent of the frequent association of PTEN mutations in human high-grade glioma.
Inflammation is a recognized risk factor for the vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque. The study explores the relationship between the degree of Magnetic Resonance
(MR)–defined inflammation using Ultra Small Super-Paramagnetic Iron Oxide
(USPIO) particles and the severity of luminal stenosis in asymptomatic carotid plaques.
Age-related white matter disease (leukoaraiosis) clusters in bands in the centrum semiovale, about the occipital and frontal horns of the lateral ventricles, in the corpus callosum, and internal capsule.
A high prevalence of right-to-left shunt (RLS) was described in a family of patients with CADASIL, a rare cerebral arteriopathy attributable to Notch3 gene mutations. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of RLS in patients with CADASIL and possible relation to clinical phenotype and cerebral MRI lesion load.
We hypothesized that the probability of reperfusion can be modeled by an exponential decay (ie, half-life) function and that this reperfusion half-life is decreased by thrombolytic treatment.
The JELIS trial examined the preventive effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) against coronary artery diseases. Hypercholesterolemic patients received statin only (no EPA group: n=9319) or statin with EPA (EPA group: n=9326) for around 5 years. EPA significantly suppressed the incidence of coronary events in previous analysis. Herein, we investigated the effects of EPA on the primary and secondary prevention of stroke.
Information has been sparse on the comparison of pulse pressure (PP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in relation to ischemic stroke among patients with uncontrolled hypertension. The present study examined the relation among PP, MAP, and ischemic stroke in uncontrolled hypertensive subjects in China.
Hemodynamic insults at arterial bifurcations are hypothesized to play a key role in intracranial aneurysm formation. This study investigates aneurysm-initiating vascular responses at the rabbit basilar terminus subsequent to common carotid artery ligation.
The hyperdense middle cerebral artery sign (HMCAS) is a well-established marker of early ischemia on noncontrast computed tomography of the brain (NCCT). Recently the MCA dot sign has been described and proposed to indicate thrombosis of the M2 or M3 middle cerebral artery branches.
Depression may increase the risk for stroke. Few studies have examined whether depression increases the risk for stroke in the very old and among the demented. We examined the relation between depression in 85-year-olds and the 3-year incidence of first-ever stroke.
The long-term or delayed side effects of irradiation on neural tissue are now known to include the induction of new central nervous system neoplasms. However, during the first half of the 20th century, human neural tissue was generally considered relatively resistant to the carcinogenic and other ill effects of ionizing radiation.
Stereotactic radiosurgery is commonly used for selected patients with benign cranial base tumors. The goal of radiosurgery is cessation of tumor growth and preservation of neurological function. Over the last 2 decades, the technique of radiosurgery has evolved due to improved imaging, better radiosurgical devices and software, and the continued analysis of results.
The effect of antihypertensive drugs on autonomic neural control of the cerebral circulation remains unclear. This study was designed to compare middle cerebral artery mean blood velocity responses to acute hypotension with and without {alpha}1-adrenoreceptor blockade (Prazosin) in young, healthy humans.
Journal of Neuro-Oncology 0167-594X (Print) 10.1007/s11060-008-9593-6
Elderly patients have glioblastomas (GBM) that are aggressive and poorly responsive to treatment. They are also prone to the side effects of treatment of GBM. Methods To shed light on the treatment of elderly patients with GBM, we reviewed the treatment toxicities and survival of patients 65 years of age or older who were treated with chemoradiotherapy, which is the new standard of care for GBM in younger patients.
Journal of Neuro-Oncology 0167-594X (Print) 10.1007/s11060-008-9577-6
Cancer-germline genes (CGGs) code for immunogenic antigens that are present in various human tumors and can be targeted by immunotherapy. Their expression has been studied in a wide range of human tumors in adults.
Journal of Neuro-Oncology 0167-594X (Print) 10.1007/s11060-008-9582-9
We report a 65 year old man who presented with left hemiparesis, and was found to have multiple, discrete, peripherally enhancing, hemorrhagic intra-axial masses in the right hemisphere of the brain.
Journal of Neuro-Oncology 0167-594X (Print) 10.1007/s11060-008-9579-4
The prognosis of glioblastomas is still extremely poor and the discovery of novel molecular therapeutic targets can be important to optimize treatment strategies. Gene expression analyses comparing normal and neoplastic tissues have been used to identify genes associated with tumorigenesis and potential therapeutic targets.
Journal of Neuro-Oncology 0167-594X (Print) 10.1007/s11060-008-9588-3
Most meningiomas are benign tumours of arachnoidal origin, although a small number have high proliferative rates and invasive properties which complicate complete surgical resection and are associated with increased recurrence rates.
Journal of Neuro-Oncology 0167-594X (Print) 10.1007/s11060-008-9581-x
We describe two patients with high-grade glioma undergoing treatment with corticosteroids and chemotherapy who presented with cryptococcal meningitis and sepsis.
Journal of Neuro-Oncology 0167-594X (Print) 10.1007/s11060-008-9578-5
As breast cancer patients live longer with control of systemic disease, survival after the diagnosis of brain metastases (BM) also appears to be improving.
Journal of Neuro-Oncology 0167-594X (Print) 10.1007/s11060-008-9590-9
Gliomas are the most common type of primary tumor in the human central nervous system. STAT3, a signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, is over expressed in gliomas. Its involvement in tumorgenesis can be attributed to its ability to induce cell proliferation and inhibit apoptosis.
Journal of Neuro-Oncology 0167-594X (Print) 10.1007/s11060-008-9575-8
Malignant gliomas are the most common and deadly primary brain tumors, due to their infiltrative invasion of the normal neural tissue that makes them virtually impossible to completely eliminate.
Journal of Neuro-Oncology 0167-594X (Print) 10.1007/s11060-008-9591-8
The human glioma cell lines, U87 and T98G, were evaluated for their ability to survive and form colonies in an acidic environment of pHext 6.0. In contrast to U87, which showed an 80-90% survival rate, only 40% of T98G cells survived 6 days at pHext 6.0 and lost their colony forming ability when returned to a normocidic environment.
Journal of Neuro-Oncology 0167-594X (Print) 10.1007/s11060-008-9592-7
This study was designed to investigate the relationship between activities of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), its subunits Ku86/Ku70, and sensitivities to cisplatin in human glioma samples.
Nonspecific incidental brain lesions (NILs) are being detected more frequently because of an increasing number of screening or research MRI scans of the brain, and their natural course is uncertain.
The aim of this study was to determine the spatial correlation of O-(2-18F-fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (18F-FET) uptake and the concentrations of choline (Cho), creatine (Cr), and total N-acetylaspartate (tNAA) determined with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (1H MRSI) in cerebral gliomas for the multimodal evaluation of metabolic changes.
Verbal memory decline is a frequent complication of left anterior temporal lobectomy (L-ATL). The goal of this study was to determine whether preoperative language mapping using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is useful for predicting which patients are likely to experience verbal memory decline after L-ATL.
To test the usefulness of the FLEP scale in diagnosing nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (NFLE), arousal parasomnias, and REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD).
Latencies between seizure onset, propagation of ictal activity, and initial clinical symptoms and signs are critically important for the successful implementation of detection-based intervention systems in the treatment of epilepsy.
In patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE), blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) EEG during functional MRI (EEG-fMRI) has been successfully used to link changes in regional neuronal activity to the occurrence of generalized spike-and-wave (GSW) discharges.
To investigate the cumulative probabilities of ≥12 month seizure remission and seizure relapse following remission, and to test the associations of clinical characteristics with these two study end points in a prevalence cohort of intractable adult epilepsy patients during medical management.
We aimed to evaluate the effect of epilepsy on the reproductive hormones levels among female patients, and to investigate the frequency of catamenial pattern of seizures.
Cortical stimulation to abort seizures is under human investigation. Ideal electrode placement and stimulating parameters are unknown with poor understanding of tissue volume affected by stimulation or duration and nature of its effect on cortical activity. To help characterize this effect, we analyzed electrocorticography (ECoG) recorded adjacent to stimulated contacts during and after bipolar stimulation in patients undergoing functional cortical mapping with subdural electrodes.
Language functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is used to noninvasively assess hemispheric language specialization as part of the presurgical work-up in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). White matter asymmetries on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) may be related to language specialization as shown in controls and TLE.
We present a series of nine patients with early-onset hydrocephalus who had seizures and continuous spikes and waves during slow sleep (CSWS) associated with neurocognitive and motor deterioration.
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is associated with smaller hippocampal volume and with elevated extracellular (EC) glutamate levels. We investigated the relationship between the hippocampal volume and glutamate in refractory TLE patients.
To investigate clinical differences between patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) who report antecedent sexual abuse, and patients who do not.
Conflicting evidence about impairment of attention systems and the absence of a working model of attention has contributed to lack of clarity about comorbidity of attention problems in rolandic epilepsy (RE). Impairments in distributed attention systems may inform a disease model for RE, as well as direct interventions.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anticonvulsant activity and teratogenic potential of branched aliphatic acylureas represented by isovaleroylurea (IVU), pivaloylurea (PVU) and 3,3-dimethylbutanoylurea (DBU), as potential second-generation drugs to valproic acid (VPA).
We investigated functional reorganization mechanisms of the human medial temporal lobe (MTL) for episodic memory, in patients suffering from medial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) with hippocampal sclerosis (HS).
ACTH is currently the standard first-line therapy for new-onset infantile spasms, but it has significant side effects. We hypothesized the ketogenic diet (KD), previously reported as beneficial for intractable infantile spasms, would have similar efficacy, but better tolerability than ACTH when used first-line.
Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy 0340-7004 (Print) 10.1007/s00262-008-0510-9
Survivin is a tumor-associated antigen (TAA) that has significant potential for use as a cancer vaccine target. To identify survivin epitopes that might serve as targets for CTL-mediated, anti-tumor responses, we evaluated a series of survivin peptides with predicted binding to mouse H2-Kb and human HLA-A*0201 antigens in peptide-loaded dendritic cell (DC) vaccines. H2-Kb-positive, C57BL/6 mice were vaccinated using syngeneic, peptide-loaded DC2.4 cells.
This article represents the update of the European Stroke Initiative Recommendations for Stroke Management. These guidelines cover both ischaemic stroke and transient ischaemic attacks, which are now considered to be a single entity.
Are positive and negative feedback weighed in a common balance in the brain, or do they influence behaviour through distinct neural mechanisms? Recent neuroeconomic studies in both human and non-human primates indicate that the ventromedial frontal lobe carries information about both losses and gains, suggesting that this region may encode value across the continuum from absolute negative to absolute positive outcomes.
After stroke, the function of primary motor cortex (M1) between the hemispheres may become unbalanced. Techniques that promote a re-balancing of M1 excitability may prime the brain to be more responsive to rehabilitation therapies and lead to improved functional outcomes.
Idiopathic infantile nystagmus (IIN) consists of involuntary oscillations of the eyes. The familial form is most commonly X-linked. We recently found mutations in a novel gene FRMD7 (Xq26.2), which provided an opportunity to investigate a genetically defined and homogeneous group of patients with nystagmus.
Overactivity of subthalamic nucleus (STN) neurons is a consistent feature of Parkinson's disease (PD) and is a target of therapy for this disorder. However, the relationship of STN firing rate to regional brain function is not known.
Bilateral basal ganglia lesions have been reported to induce a particular form of apathy, termed auto-activation deficit (AAD), principally defined as a loss of self-driven behaviour that is reversible with external stimulation.
The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and insular cortex are implicated in distributed neural circuitry that supports emotional decision-making. Previous studies of patients with vmPFC lesions have focused primarily on decision-making under uncertainty, when outcome probabilities are ambiguous (e.g. the Iowa Gambling Task).
Although cognitive impairment after cerebellar damage has been widely reported, the mechanisms of cerebro-cerebellar interactions are still a matter of debate.
Idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) is often accompanied by a pattern of executive deficits similar to those found in patients with frontal lobe lesions.
Adolescence is a time of social and cognitive development associated with changes in brain structure and function. These developmental changes may show an altered path in individuals born before 33
weeks' gestation (very preterm; VPT).
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitinated inclusions (FTLD-U) is the most common neuropathology associated with the clinical syndrome of frontotemporal dementia (FTD).
Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, Volume 9, Number 7, May 2008 , pp. 1071-1085(15)
Stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality and disability worldwide. From the establishment of the penumbra concept, ischemic stroke has been recognized as a dynamic process and two main therapeutic strategies have been designed: one that tries to reopen the occluded artery and the second aims to protect the penumbra brain tissue until the physiologic mechanisms-or the treatment-stop the ischemia.
Current Opinion in Neurology. 21(3):358-365, June 2008
The most relevant indications for the use of intravenous immunoglobulins and plasma exchange in neurological disorders are described, with special emphasis on the data from clinical trials and aspects of specific importance for clinical routine.
Current Opinion in Neurology. 21(3):353-357, June 2008
Inflammatory mechanisms play an important role in the risk of stroke and during the acute phase of brain ischemia, which contributes to functional outcome of patients. We review the role of inflammatory markers in these aspects of brain ischemia.
Current Opinion in Neurology. 21(3):347-352, June 2008
Fungal infections of the central nervous system, once a relatively rare occurrence, are increasingly common due to the expansion of immunocompromised populations at risk, and therefore are important to recognize early and manage appropriately.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 269, Issue 1, Pages 184-186 (15 June 2008)
In this report, we describe the case of two patients with Bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis (BBE) who developed delirium manifested as emotional incontinence, restlessness, and aggressive behavior from disease onset.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 269, Issue 1, Pages 180-183 (15 June 2008)
Gliomas represent approximately one-third of all intracranial tumors in adults and commonly present clinically with seizures. We report two seizure patients with paradoxical imaging findings on preoperative grading of their cerebral gliomas.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 269, Issue 1, Pages 118-125 (15 June 2008)
We investigated the effects of visual, auditory, and mixed cues on complex choice reaction in people with Parkinson's disease (PD). The paradigm using a computerized task was based on a game, "paper-rock-scissors." Four types of sensory cues were employed: simple visual cues, auditory cues, visual cues with auditory distracters, and auditory cues with visual distracters.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 269, Issue 1, Pages 105-112 (15 June 2008)
Activation of Akt has been implicated as a major contributor to neuronal survival after an ischemic insult. Numerous neuroprotective agents have been shown to augment Akt activity, suggesting that this protein represents a major mechanism of cellular salvage after injury.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 269, Issue 1, Pages 92-95 (15 June 2008)
Stroke is a leading cause of death and morbidity in Thailand. The purpose of this study was to look for prevalence of significant extracranial carotid stenosis (ECCS) in Thai ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA) patients and baseline characteristics of this subgroup.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 269, Issue 1, Pages 54-61 (15 June 2008)
Cerebral ischemia increases neurogenesis in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus, and this might be modulated by an enriched environment including voluntary physical activity. We examined whether enforced physical training (EPT) influences neurogenesis in the SVZ and SGZ after cerebral ischemia.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 269, Issue 1, Pages 41-48 (15 June 2008)
Acute febrile encephalopathy (AFE) is a common cause of childhood hospital admissions in Lucknow. In recent years, many patients have been hospitalized with AFE and hemorrhagic manifestations, some of whom were proven to have dengue viral infection.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 269, Issue 1, Pages 35-40 (15 June 2008)
The mechanism of neurological deterioration in small vessel disease is unclear. We examined the relationship between neurological deterioration and change of infarct volume in acute small vessel disease.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 269, Issue 1, Pages 30-34 (15 June 2008)
Recently, TAR DNA-binding protein of 43-kDa (TDP-43) was identified as a major component of ubiquitinated neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions observed in lower motor neurons in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitinated inclusions.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 269, Issue 1, Pages 18-23 (15 June 2008)
Acute ischemic stroke in the distribution of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) can cause the vestibular dysfunction in the roll plane of the vestibuloocular reflex with abnormal ocular torsion (OT). There has been no systemic study that carefully investigates the nature of OT that occurs with AICA infarction.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 269, Issue 1, Pages 12-17 (15 June 2008)
The clinical significance of white matter changes including periventricular hyperintensity (PVH) and deep white matter hyperintensity (DWMH) on MRI in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus is unclear.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 269, Issue 1, Pages 1-11 (15 June 2008)
The force that enlarges the cerebral ventricles and deforms the brain in hydrocephalus remains unclear. It is still widely thought to be elevated intraventricular pressure developing behind an obstruction to the flow of CSF. This view has led to the prediction that a large pressure difference should exist between the ventricles proximal to the obstruction and the subarachnoid space of the cerebral convexity distal to the obstruction.
Botulism is a rare disease caused by intoxication leading to muscle weakness and rapidly progressive dysphagia. With adequate therapy signs of recovery can be observed within several days. In the last few years, brain imaging studies carried out in healthy subjects showed activation of the sensorimotor cortex and the insula during volitional swallowing. However, little is known about cortical changes and compensation mechanisms accompanying swallowing pathology.
Journal of Neurosurgery May 2008 Volume 1, Number 5
The authors report on 2 newborn infants with the unusual presentation of intrinsic brainstem tumors. Both nondysmorphic, full-term neonates had cranial nerve palsies and hypotonia. Diagnoses of diffuse intrinsic brainstem gliomas were made on the basis of magnetic resonance imaging, which showed large expansive, nonenhancing intrinsic pontine masses.
Journal of Neurosurgery May 2008 Volume 108, Number 5
The purpose of this study was to compare the margins of error of different shunt catheter approaches to the lateral ventricle and assess surface anatomical aiming landmarks for free-hand ventricular catheter insertion in adult patients with hydrocephalus.
Journal of Neurosurgery May 2008 Volume 108, Number 5
The purpose of this study was to characterize traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) among military personnel (primarily Marines) during the second phase of Operation Iraqi Freedom from early in the medical care chain of evacuation through Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, a Level 4 American hospital in Germany.
Journal of Neurosurgery May 2008 Volume 108, Number 5
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is characterized by neovascularization, raising the question of whether angiogenic blockade may be a useful therapeutic strategy for this disease. It has been suggested, however, that, to be useful, angiogenic blockade must be persistent and at levels sufficient to overcome proangiogenic signals from tumor cells.
Journal of Neurosurgery May 2008 Volume 108, Number 5
Postsurgical pneumocephalus is an unavoidable sequela of craniotomy. Sufficiently large volumes of intracranial air can cause headaches, lethargy, and neurological deficits. Supplemental O2 to increase the rate of absorption of intracranial air is a common but unsubstantiated neurosurgical practice.
Journal of Neurosurgery May 2008 Volume 108, Number 5
The authors conducted a study to investigate the long-term natural history of unruptured intracranial aneurysms and the predictive risk factors determining subsequent rupture in a patient population in which surgical selection of cases was not performed.
Journal of Neurosurgery May 2008 Volume 108, Number 5
Continuous intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring using an epidural sensor is a common technique used in selected neurosurgical patients. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and accuracy of the Neurodur-P epidural sensor in the clinical setting.
Journal of Neurosurgery May 2008 Volume 108, Number 5
The authors report a case of a craniocerebral penetrating injury caused by the shaft of a spear gun. The entry point of the spear was located in the mouth without an obvious exit point. The authors first note the presentation of the patient, whose airway was obstructed by the shaft, and then discuss the surgical procedure, which was focused on removing the shaft in an anterograde direction because of an articulated wishbone located at the tip of the shaft
Journal of Neurosurgery May 2008 Volume 108, Number 5
The clinical outcome of patients with severe head injuries is still critically dependent on their secondary injuries. Although hypoxia and hypotension appear to mediate a substantial proportion of secondary injuries, many studies associate secondary brain injury with neuroinflammatory responses.
Journal of Neurosurgery May 2008 Volume 108, Number 5
This study addresses the changes in brain oxygenation, cerebrovascular reactivity, and cerebral neurochemistry in patients following decompressive craniectomy for the control of elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).
Journal of Neurosurgery May 2008 Volume 108, Number 5
Many factors relating to the safety and efficacy of convection-enhanced delivery (CED) into intracranial tumors are poorly understood. To investigate these factors further and establish a more clinically relevant large animal model, with the potential to investigate CED in large, spontaneous tumors, the authors developed a magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-compatible system for CED of liposomal nanoparticles into the canine brain, incorporating real-time MR imaging.
PEDIATRICS Vol. 121 No. 5 May 2008, pp. e1167-e1177
We aimed to evaluate neurodevelopmental and growth outcomes among extremely low birth weight infants who had severe intraventricular hemorrhage that required shunt insertion compared with infants without shunt insertion.
To develop a sensitive clinical decision rule with a high negative predictive value for the use of cranial computed tomography (CT) in minor pediatric head trauma, to identify clinical features predictive of neurosurgical intervention, and to assess clinicians' predictive abilities to determine the presence or absence of intracranial injury based on history and physical examination alone.
Elevated muscular tone associated with spastic syndromes can cause excessive contractility at the upper esophageal sphincter and impede swallowing. A 47-year-old male patient with spasticity predominantly of the lower extremities after a subarachnoid hemorrhage suffered from severe dysphagia and chronic salivary aspiration.
Postoperative spinal extradural hematomas are rare. Most of the cases that have been reported occured within 3 days of surgery. Their occurrence in a delayed form, that is, more than 72 hours after surgery, is very rare. This case is being reported to enhance awareness of delayed postoperative spinal extradural hematomas.
Journal of Neurosurgery May 2008 Volume 108, Number 5
Adjuvant treatment with radiation (radiation therapy or radiosurgery) is a mainstay of treatment for patients harboring glioblastomas multiforme (GBM). Hypoxic regions within the tumor make cells less sensitive to radiation therapy.
Journal of Neurosurgery May 2008 Volume 108, Number 5
Craniopharyngiomas have always been an extremely challenging type of tumor to treat. The transsphenoidal route has been used for resection of these lesions since its introduction. The authors present a historical review of the literature from the introduction of the endonasal route for resection of craniopharyngiomas until the present.
Journal of Neurosurgery May 2008 Volume 108, Number 5
Functionally relevant polymorphisms of methionine and folate metabolism have been shown to be associated with various human cancer entities including cerebral lymphoma and glioblastoma multiforme. The authors investigated the association of 7 functional polymorphisms of methionine metabolism with meningioma formation.
Journal of Neurosurgery May 2008 Volume 108, Number 5
Primary skeletal non-Hodgkin lymphoma is rare. The authors report a case of a small lymphocytic B-cell lymphoma of the skull occurring in a 53-year-old man who presented with right-hand apraxia. Initial computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a hematoma-mimicking lesion in the left frontoparietal subdural area.
Journal of Neurosurgery May 2008 Volume 108, Number 5
Mannitol is widely considered the hyperosmolar therapy of choice in routine neurosurgical practice for the reduction of intracranial pressure (ICP). The authors present a unique case of a patient with a large meningioma treated with mannitol, in which mannitol accumulation within the tumor and its surrounding parenchyma was shown using in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).
Journal of Neurosurgery May 2008 Volume 108, Number 5
The authors report on a case of a metastatic choriocarcinoma that mimicked systemic necrotizing vasculitis on a cerebral angiogram. A 35-year-old woman presented with right hemiplegia and a drowsy mental state. A computed tomography (CT) scan revealed an intracerebral hemorrhage in the left frontal region.
The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) Clinical Trials Group established the Clinical Research Collaboration (CRC) Project in 2005 to increase community-based physician involvement in NINDS-sponsored research.
Stroke is the third leading cause of death in the UK, yet little information exists on current treatment patterns, outcomes and costs. This study assessed survival, readmissions and total hospital costs over 12 months in patients with first-ever intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) or ischemic stroke (IS) in Scotland.
DNA-protein interactions in mature brain are increasingly recognized as key regulators for behavioral plasticity and neuronal dysfunction in chronic neuropsychiatric disease. However, chromatin assays typically lack single cell resolution, and therefore little is known about chromatin regulation of differentiated neuronal nuclei that reside in brain parenchyma intermingled with various types of non-neuronal cells.
British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, Volume 65, Number 5, May 2008 , pp. 708-715(8)
To investigate the time course of the increase in 4{beta}-hydroxycholesterol and carbamazepine plasma concentrations during treatment of paediatric patients with epilepsy.
Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 27(5):384-389, May 2008
Recently, reports of influenza-associated encephalopathy have increased worldwide. Given the high mortality and morbidity rates attributable to this severe neurologic complication of influenza, we conducted a nationwide study in Japan to identify the prognostic factors.
Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 27(5):390-395, May 2008
Influenza virus infection has been associated with a variety of neurologic complications. The objective of this study was to evaluate prospectively the role of influenza viruses in acute childhood encephalitis/encephalopathy (ACE).
Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition 2008;93:F127-F131
To compare long-term neurodevelopmental and functional outcomes of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) survivors with neonatal intraparenchymal echodensities (IPE) with porencephaly on cranial ultrasonography with matched controls. To compare the developmental trajectories of these infants over the childhood years with those of matched controls.
Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol 26, No 13 (May 1), 2008: pp. 2192-2197
Standard therapy for glioblastoma (GBM) is temozolomide (TMZ) administration, initially concurrent with radiotherapy (RT), and subsequently as maintenance therapy. The radiologic images obtained in this setting can be difficult to interpret since they may show radiation-induced pseudoprogression (psPD) rather than disease progression.
Journal of Child Neurology, Vol. 23, No. 4, 389-393 (2008)
The purpose of this study was to evaluate children with benign rolandic epilepsy, a childhood epilepsy characterized by centrotemporal/rolandic spike-wave discharges with infrequent partial seizures that may secondarily generalize.
Anaerobic ventriculitis is rare, and usually seen in patients with predisposing factors such as otitis media, mastoiditis, sinusitis or recent neurosurgery. We report what we believe to be the first case of ventriculitis and brain abscess due to Fusobacterium nucleatum infection in a man with no significant predisposing factors. He was successfully treated with antibiotic therapy.
Network meta-analysis can provide estimates of treatment efficacy of multiple treatment regimens, even when direct comparisons are unavailable. We used network meta-analysis to compare commonly used antiplatelet regimens in the prevention of serious vascular events after transient ischaemic attack (TIA) or stroke.
In a medical era governed by managed health care and scientific advances, physicians have increasingly emphasized disease prevention and early diagnosis.
European Journal of Endocrinology, Vol 158, Issue 5, 595-603
Ten percent of patients with prolactinoma fail to respond with normalization of prolactin (PRL) and tumor shrinkage under dopamine agonist (DA) therapy. The resistance to treatment is linked to a loss of dopamine receptor 2 (D2DR). Prolactinomas express somatostatin (SST) receptor subtypes, SSTR1, 2, and 5. The aim of this study was to determine whether different SST compounds could overcome the resistance to DA in prolactinomas.
Epilepsy Research Volume 79, Issue 2, Pages 224-227 (May 2008)
Abnormalities in GABA levels in the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (CNIC) of the epilepsy-prone hamster (GPG/Vall) were evaluated by using immunohistochemistry, densitometry and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Epilepsy Research Volume 79, Issue 2, Pages 213-223 (May 2008)
Acquired epilepsy (AE) is characterized by spontaneous recurrent seizures and long-term changes that occur in surviving neurons following an injury such as status epilepticus (SE). Long-lasting alterations in hippocampal Ca2+ homeostasis have been observed in both in vivo and in vitro models of AE.
Epilepsy Research Volume 79, Issue 2, Pages 201-212 (May 2008)
During postnatal development of the central nervous system (CNS), the response of GABAA receptors to its agonist undergoes maturation from depolarizing to hyperpolarizing. This switch in polarity is due to the developmental decrease of the intracellular Cl concentration in neurons.
Epilepsy Research Volume 79, Issue 2, Pages 187-200 (May 2008)
Consequences of seizures in the developing brain are not completely understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term alterations of synaptic transmission and seizure susceptibility in the hippocampus after early-life seizures induced by systemic injection of a GABAB-receptor antagonist CGP56999A in immature rats.
Epilepsy Research Volume 79, Issue 2, Pages 173-186 (May 2008)
Epilepsy - the world's most common serious brain disorder - is defined by recurrent unprovoked seizures that result from complex interactions between distributed neural populations. We explore some macroscopic characteristics of emergent ictal networks by considering intracranial recordings from human subjects with intractable epilepsy.
Epilepsy Research Volume 79, Issue 2, Pages 166-172 (May 2008)
Zinc is present in high concentration in many structures of the limbic circuitry, however the role of zinc as a neuromodulator in such synapses is still uncertain. In this work, we verified the effects of zinc chelation in an animal model of epileptogenesis induced by amygdala rapid kindling.
Epilepsy Research Volume 79, Issue 2, Pages 158-165 (May 2008)
This study was initiated to investigate effects of the novel neuromodulator carisbamate (RWJ 333369) in the hippocampal neuronal culture model of status epilepticus and spontaneous epileptiform discharges.
Epilepsy Research Volume 79, Issue 2, Pages 151-157 (May 2008)
The present study aimed to investigate the anticonvulsant activity as well as the effects on the level of hippocampal amino acid neurotransmitters (glutamate, aspartate, glycine and GABA) of N-(2-propylpentanoyl)urea (VPU) in comparison to its parent compound, valproic acid (VPA). VPU was more potent than VPA, exhibiting the median effective dose (ED50) of 49mg/kg in protecting rats against pilocarpine-induced seizure whereas the corresponding value for VPA was 322mg/kg.
Epilepsy Research Volume 79, Issue 2, Pages 146-150 (May 2008)
The present study was undertaken to investigate the changes of visual evoked potential (VEP) induced by lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) kindling in comparison with those induced by amygdala (AMG) and hippocampus (HPC) kindling in rats.
Epilepsy Research Volume 79, Issue 2, Pages 139-145 (May 2008)
We have developed the Early Childhood Epilepsy Severity Scale (E-Chess) to quantify the severity of epilepsy in infants and young children with tuberous sclerosis as an aid to the evaluation of treatment efficacy and the investigation of the influence of epilepsy severity on development.
Epilepsy Research Volume 79, Issue 2, Pages 130-138 (May 2008)
To determine the validity and utility of using automated subcortical segmentation to identify atrophy of the hippocampus and other subcortical and cerebellar structures in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE).
Epilepsy Research Volume 79, Issue 2, Pages 112-119 (May 2008)
Attention difficulties have been reported in children with benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS) but have not yet been fully specified. The aim of this study was to evaluate the functions of exogenous and endogenous spatial orienting of attention and alerting in these children.
Epilepsy Research Volume 79, Issue 2, Pages 105-111 (May 2008)
Zonisamide (ZNS) is an anticonvulsant drug known to affect various neuronal channels and transmitter systems. ZNS has also been reported to inhibit carbonic anhydrase activity and may thus influence neuronal activity via changes of pH. Therefore, we analyzed effects of ZNS in vitro using epileptic model systems which are sensitive to carbonic anhydrase inhibition and pH changes.
Epilepsy Research Volume 79, Issue 2, Pages 97-104 (May 2008)
Magnetoencephalography (MEG), also referred to as magnetic source imaging (MSI) when combined with structural imaging, provides a new, noninvasive tool for epilepsy localization. In contrast to EEG, the magnetic fields generated by electrical discharges are minimally affected by intervening tissue layers. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of MEG/MSI in the presurgical evaluation of localization-related epilepsies by means of a systematic review.
The aim of the present study was to assess the heart rate intensity during gait training and to evaluate the relationship between heart rate intensity during gait training and walking ability of patients after stroke.
This paper evaluated quality of life for people with a disability with high health and high support needs following a move from a congregate care institution to community housing. The study explored residents' perceptions of the service, level of community involvement, lifestyle choices, and input into decision-making.
Psychosocial factors are likely to play a crucial role in adjustment to upper limb amputation and prosthesis use, and yet have received only minimal exploration within the literature. This study therefore, sought to gain a rich understanding of the experience of living with an upper limb amputation and of using a prosthetic arm and hand.
The Clinical Neuropsychologist, Volume 22, Issue 3 May 2008 , pages 524 - 528
Abstract
Whether Halstead's (1947) distinction between biologic and psychometric intelligence and Cattell's (1963) theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence reflect the same underlying constructs is an interesting question and has heuristic value. To address that question experimentally, however, requires factor-analytic and other higher-order correlative analysis with careful clinical syndrome characterization. We argue that Halstead's and Cattell's characterizations of test attributes into distinct domains are not equivalent, and that the proposal of their equivalence cannot be properly evaluated based solely on test battery sensitivity to brain damage.
The Clinical Neuropsychologist, Volume 22, Issue 3 May 2008 , pages 565 - 582
Prospects for the coexistence of post-traumatic stress syndrome (PTSS) and mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) rely exclusively on subjective evidence, increasing the risk of response bias in a compensatable social context. Using a priori specificities derived from genuine brain disorder groups, we examined validity failure rates in three domains (symptom, cognitive, motor) in 799 persons reporting persistent subjective disability long after mild neurological injury.
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