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Epileptic Disorders. Volume 9, Number 1, 20-31, March 2007
Multiple structural and functional imaging modalities are available to localize the epileptogenic focus. In pre-surgical evaluation of children with pharmacoresistant epilepsy, investigations with the maximum yield should be considered in order to reduce the complexity of the workup.
Epileptic Disorders. Volume 9, Number 1, 39-42, March 2007
The main categories of nonconvulsive status epilepticus are: complex partial and absence status. Absence status was reported to occur de novo in later life as a situation-related, single event.
A prominent feature of cerebral ischemia is the excessive intracellular accumulation of both Na+ and Ca2+ ions, which results in subsequent cell death. The plasma membrane Na+/Ca2+ exchanger
(NCX), regulates the distribution of these ions acting either in the forward mode or in its reverse mode and it can play a critical role in brain ischemia. However, it is unclear whether the activity of NCX leads to detrimental or beneficial effects.
The purpose of this study was to compare teachers’ ratings of academic performance over 24 months between children with new-onset seizures (N = 121) and those with new-onset asthma (N = 54) aged 4 to 14.
Epileptic Disorders. Volume 9, Number 1, 32-8, March 2007
Children with epilepsy often have attention deficits, even when epilepsy is idiopathic and benign. The mechanisms underlying attention deficits are still unknown and appear to be different between focal and generalized epilepsy.
Current Opinion in Neurology. 20(3):247-254, June 2007
In this review, the possible etiology, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
(ADEM) are discussed. ADEM is a para- or postinfectious autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system and has been considered a monophasic disease. The highest incidence of ADEM is observed during childhood.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 28:907-913, May 2007
More than 85% of brain traumas are classified as "mild"; MR imaging findings are minimal if any and do not correspond to clinical symptoms. Our goal, therefore, was to quantify the global decline of the neuronal marker
N-acetylaspartate (NAA), as well as gray (GM) and white matter (WM) atrophy after mild traumatic brain injury
(mTBI).
Therapeutic Apheresis and Dialysis, Volume 11, Number 3, June 2007, pp. 235-240(6)
A 60-year-old male with cerebral infarction was admitted to our hospital and treated with
edaravone. On day 12 of hospitalization, he suddenly lost consciousness and went into shock. Based on the laboratory findings, acute renal failure
(ARF), fulminant hepatitis, and disseminated intravascular coagulation
(DIC) were diagnosed.
The American Journal of Gastroenterology, Volume 102, Number 4, April 2007, pp. 744-753(10)
Sleep difficulty is common in minimal hepatic encephalopathy (HE) and the mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Dysregulated histamine neurotransmission is associated with an altered circadian rhythmicity that is partially restored following central histamine H1 receptor blockade in cirrhotic animals. We studied the effects of the histamine H1 blocker hydroxyzine in sleep alterations in patients with cirrhosis in a double-blind, randomized controlled fashion.
Current Opinion in Neurology. 20(3):334-342, June 2007
Inflammation is implicated in ischaemic stroke as a general cardiovascular risk factor, a possible immediate trigger, a component (and possible exacerbating factor) of the response to tissue injury, a marker of future risk, and as a therapeutic target. Each aspect is reviewed.
Delayed neuronal death is a hallmark feature of stroke and the primary target of neuroprotective strategies.
Caspase-independent apoptosis pathways are suggested as a mechanism for the delayed neuronal injury. Here we test the hypothesis that one of the
caspase-independent apoptosis pathways is activated by BNIP3 and mediated by
EndoG.
Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation Volume 14, Number 2 / Mar-Apr 2007 43 - 48
In 1989, a multidisciplinary consultation service devoted to providing primary care and rehabilitative care services to stroke survivors in the home was developed and tested at the University of Pennsylvania.
Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation Volume 14, Number 2 / Mar-Apr 2007 62 - 67
Little is known about the frequency of use of medications to maintain bone health for patients with stroke. This study was undertaken at an urban academic rehabilitation center to determine the prevalence of use of agents that could reduce bone loss in the stroke population.
Clinical Radiology Volume 62, Issue 6, June 2007, Pages 564-572
To assess the correlation between imaging findings [computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI)] and neurological status before and after the treatment of bacterial brain abscesses.
Epileptic Disorders. Volume 9, Number 1, 65-70, March 2007
To estimate the risk of seizures while awake in pure sleep epilepsies - a long follow-up study. Methods. Fifty five patients (60% male), with pure sleep epilepsy were followed up for at least ten years. Patients younger than 18 years of age were excluded. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of seizures while awake, after a period of 10 years or longer suffering from pure sleep seizures.
Epileptic Disorders. Volume 9, Number 1, 43-50, March 2007
According to published literature status epilepticus (SE) is associated with 7-39% mortality. Timely management is one variable that potentially influences the outcome. We sought to review the process of acute management of SE at the University of Alberta Hospital and correlate outcome with adherence to a recommended treatment protocol.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 28:808-815, May 2007
After an initial series of basilar artery stent angioplasty indicated a high technical success rate and minimal morbidity, subsequent reports suggested significant procedural risks. We retrospectively reviewed our experience with basilar artery stent placement to assess complications and clinical outcomes.
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is associated with a high early mortality rate. We examined the impact of early do not resuscitate
(DNR) orders and other limitations in aggressive care on mortality after ICH in a community-based study.
To determine whether elevated urine erythrocyte (red blood cell) and leukocyte (white blood cell) counts, reflecting concomitant renal and cerebral emboli of cardiac origin, would be useful in discriminating cardioembolic (CE) from non-CE stroke in acute ischemic stroke.
The influence that previous clinical expressions of systemic atherosclerosis may have on evolution and early mortality in patients with acute ischemic stroke is not known.
The identification and analysis of pedigrees with rare congenital oculomotility syndromes has led to the definition of the congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders. These disorders appear to result from mutations in genes that are essential to the normal development and/or connectivity of cranial
motoneurons.
Epileptic Disorders. Volume 9, Number 1, 82-9, March 2007
We report on a case of frontal lobe epilepsy in an eight-year-old girl. Seizure semiology and EEG indicated an epileptogenic zone localized in the mesial frontal structures, without clear-cut lateralization. MRI showed a lesion in the right cingulate
gyrus, initially regarded as a hamartoma. Ictal SPECT did not have a localization value. MR spectroscopy revealed two metabolic abnormalities: one in the area of the MRI lesion and a second contra-laterally. Invasive monitoring using subdural electrodes covering the convexity and mesial part of the right frontal lobe including mesial strips with bilateral contacts was used.
Precise delineation of the shape of skull base meningiomas is critical for their treatment and follow-up but is often difficult using conventional imaging such as CT and
MRI. We report our results with PET/CT and 2-18F-fluoro-L-tyrosine (18F-TYR), a marker of amino acid transport, as part of the yearly follow-up of irradiated patients.
This study measured the prevalence of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use among Korean stroke patients. Questionnaire-based 20-min interviews were conducted at the hospitals by a trained nurse after an outpatient visit. It included questions on demographic information, clinical information and the utilization of CAM.
Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation Volume 14, Number 2 / Mar-Apr 2007 52 - 61
It is estimated that 50% to 75% of individuals who experience a stroke have persistent impairment of the affected upper limb (UL). There is a need to identify the best training strategies for retraining motor function of the UL. One intervention showing promise is virtual reality
(VR), using either immersive or nonimmersive technology.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 28:933-937, May 2007
Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is a novel method of studying the brain that creates tissue contrast secondary to water diffusion. Central nervous system (CNS) vasculitis is a rare inflammatory disease that continues to be difficult to diagnose and evaluate with MR imaging. DWI with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) analysis may demonstrate abnormalities within the brain that would otherwise be undetected by conventional imaging, thus aiding in the diagnosis and evaluation of patients with CNS
vasculitis.
Sleep Medicine Volume 8, Issue 3, April 2007, Pages 222-239
We studied whether the endogenous melatonin patterns in adult patients with developmental brain disorders have any role in response to exogenous melatonin given as a sleep-promoting medicine.
Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology. 29(5):319-322, May 2007
Oligodendroglioma is an uncommon childhood tumor and is more chemosensitive than other malignant glial
neoplasms. Treatment involves gross total resection, and if
anaplastic, radiation and chemotherapy.
Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, Volume 41, Issue 3 March 2007 , pages 274 - 281
Sparse information is currently available about the incidence of the major psychiatric syndromes following a stroke and their long-term contribution to morbidity and mortality. This study was designed to determine: (1) the incidence of first ever mental health disorder in amongst stroke patients; (2) the 10-year mortality associated with incident post-stroke mental health disorders.
American Journal of Surgical Pathology. 31(5):807-811, May 2007
Malignant tumors of myoepithelial origin have been increasingly recognized at a variety of sites. Herein, we describe an example of malignant myoepithelioma arising in intracranial
dura.
Our goals were to determine the effect of epilepsy surgery in infants (<3 years of age) on development and describe factors associated with postoperative developmental outcome.
The extracranial-intracranial bypass may have the potential to improve hemodynamic cerebral ischemia caused by occlusive diseases of the main cerebral arteries. Intraoperative confirmation of effective distribution of blood flow via the donor arteries to the involved region will assure a successful bypass surgery.
Seizure Volume 16, Issue 4, June 2007, Pages 345-350
The aim of this multicentric, retrospective, and uncontrolled study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of levetiracetam (LEV) in 81 children younger than 4 years with refractory epilepsy.
Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery Volume 109, Issue 5, June 2007, Pages 431-435
Patients with haematoma secondary to middle cerebral artery aneurysm often require urgent surgical treatment consisting of evacuation of the haematoma and aneurysmal clipping.
Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation Volume 14, Number 2 / Mar-Apr 2007 21 - 31
The purpose of this article is to describe three domains of psychosocial experiences of stroke survivors during the first month following discharge for acute stroke.
Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation Volume 14, Number 2 / Mar-Apr 2007 32 - 42
The purpose of this study was to identify postdischarge needs of veterans with stroke and their caregivers and to identify how to design a care
coordination/home-telehealth (CC/HT) program to address these needs.
Shunt infection in hydrocephalus patients is a severe, even life-threatening complication. Antibiotic-impregnated shunts
(AIS) have been developed in an attempt to reduce rate of shunt infection. The study was performed to analyze if AIS can diminish the rate of shunt infection. The pathogenic nature of shunt infection in patients with AIS systems and those without antibiotic impregnated shunts
(non-AIS) was compared.
Seizure Volume 16, Issue 4, June 2007, Pages 351-355
To examine whether there is an association between the quality of epilepsy care, as measured by the Quality and Outcomes Framework of the 2004 General Practitioner contract for England, practice population deprivation status and epilepsy-related emergency
hospitalisation.
Seizure Volume 16, Issue 4, June 2007, Pages 305-312
A retrospective case note study of the aetiology and course of children in convulsive status epilepticus
(CSE) admitted to a large paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) was undertaken between January 1999 and April 2004.
Our goal was to conduct a prospective, multicentered, comparative study that would objectively verify and explain observed differences in short-term neurodevelopmental outcomes after inflicted versus noninflicted head trauma.
Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, Volume 115, Number 5, May 2007, pp. 339-346(8)
Depression and cognitive impairment after stroke are associated with physical functional outcomes, but there are limited data on whether depressive symptoms and cognitive status and improvements independently influence functional status and recovery.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 28:816-822, May 2007
Stent-assisted revascularization increases prevailing recanalization rates ({cong}50%-69%) for vessel occlusions recalcitrant to
thrombolytics. Although balloon-mounted coronary stents can displace thrombus (via angioplasty) and retain clot along vessel walls, intracranial self-expanding stents are more flexible and exert less radial outward force during deployment, increasing deliverability and safety. To understand the effectiveness of self-expanding stents for recanalization of acute cerebrovascular occlusions, we retrospectively reviewed our preliminary experience with these
stents.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 28:860-863, May 2007
Despite availability of an approved drug to treat acute cerebral ischemia, most patients with stroke do not realize a good outcome. A method that would rapidly increase or restore cerebral perfusion before irreversible cell death should improve patient outcomes.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 28:923-926, May 2007
3D time-of-flight (TOF) MR angiography (MRA) is insensitive to slowflow; however, the use of MR imaging contrast agents helps to visualize slow-flow vessels and avoids overestimation of vascular occlusion. The purpose of this study was to correlate pre- and postcontrast 3D TOF MRA with the results of conventional angiography during endovascular reperfusion therapy and to determine the accuracy of postcontrast 3D TOF
MRA.
We report the case of a patient (S.C.) who, after a lesion involving the midbrain, thalamus, and cerebellum on the left side, was unable to reach a target at which he was not directly gazing. When attempting to do so with either hand, he showed an optic ataxia-like
behaviour: A rightward deviation was manifest with respect to the real position of the target object, accuracy being worse for the right than for the left hand and for the right than for the left
hemifield.
This article summarizes two research studies carried out in the University of Cantabria and the University of Sevilla with young persons at risk of social exclusion (underprivileged socio-economic groups, ethnic/cultural minorities and disabled people). We uphold the need to study exclusion as a socially constructed process, which allows us to discuss barriers to social participation (following the social model of disability) while ruling out the essentialist and psychological explanations of inequality and social oppression.
Evaluation of knees of tetraplegic patients who have been walking for several months with the aid of a system that involves neuromuscular stimulation, treadmill and a harness support device.
Severe trauma can be responsible for a complete spinal anterior dislocation with a 100% anterior slip of the vertebral body. Three cases of this uncommon lesion are reported.
An 11-year-old boy with epilepsy due to congenital bilateral anterior temporal lobe malformations presented with fluctuating Kluver-Bucy syndrome
(KBS). Since the age of 2, he had experienced clusters of three or four daily complex partial seizures over 2-3 days in a month, followed by a seizure-free interval of 3-4 weeks.
Seizures are a common comorbidity of autism and occur in as many as 30% of patients. This case report describes a 23-year-old man diagnosed with both Asperger syndrome and bitemporal epilepsy.
Epilepsy & BehaviorVolume 10, Issue 2, March 2007, Pages 234-241
We report the cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Quality of Life in Epilepsy-31 Inventory (QOLIE-31) for the Portuguese language and Brazilian culture.
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 14, Number 5, May 2007, pp. 517-522(6)
Stroke is the second most common cause of mortality and a major cause of long-term disability of adults in most countries. This study was performed to determine the level of knowledge and awareness regarding risk factors and warning signs of stroke in a selected sample.
The concept of plasticity describes the mechanisms that rearrange cerebral organization following a brain injury. During the last century, plasticity has been mainly investigated in humans with acute strokes.
European Journal of Emergency Medicine. 14(3):130-133, June 2007
The objectives were to demonstrate the extra workload for emergency medicine of inpatient management of mild/moderate head injuries and to determine the effectiveness of current computed tomography guidelines.
This study aimed to characterize the process of psychosocial adjustment following a newly diagnosed seizure. Eighty-five adult patients were assessed 1 and 3 months after a first seizure presentation with a purpose-developed semistructured interview, the
NEWQOL, and the COPE.
Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery Volume 109, Issue 5, June 2007, Pages 422-430
Up to one-third of the children with epilepsy are diagnosed with cryptogenic localization related epilepsy
(CLRE). As yet, there is a lack of studies that specify the short- and long-term prognosis for this group. In this study, we systematically established neurological outcome (represented by seizure frequency) as well as neuropsychological outcome in a cohort of 68 children with CLRE who had been referred to our tertiary outpatient clinic. Also, we analysed correlations with risk and prognostic factors.
Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery Volume 109, Issue 5, June 2007, Pages 399-405
Minor head injury is the most common type of head injury. Despite of high incidence and numerous studies performed, there is much controversy about correct evaluation of these patients. The aim of this study was to find clinical signs and symptoms which help to predict the indications for brain CT scan following minor head injury.
PEDIATRICS Vol. 119 No. 5 May 2007, pp. e1149-e1158
The purpose of this work was to assess the effect of botulinum toxin A and occupational therapy compared with occupational therapy alone on body structure, activities participation, and self-perception in a sample of children (aged 3-16 years) with hemiplegic cerebral palsy recruited from a statewide register.
Resuscitation Volume 73, Issue 2, May 2007, Pages 304-306
A case of asystolic collapse and subsequent progression to apnoea as a presenting feature of cerebral glioma is presented. The pathophysiological mechanism is likely to have been a focal seizure within subcortical regions affecting autonomic function.
Previous studies have shown that women are at higher risk than men for stroke after coronary artery bypass graft
(CABG) surgery, but gender differences in systemic atherosclerosis have not been studied adequately.
American Journal of Surgical Pathology. 31(5):760-769, May 2007
Caveolins are basic constituents of flask-shaped cell membrane microdomains
(caveolae), which are involved in many cell functions, including
signalling, trafficking, and cellular growth control.
Valproate (VPA) is an antiepileptic drug with a broad spectrum of efficacy. Although usually well-tolerated, it may have side-effects of which encephalopathy is one of the most serious.
We provide a review of recent chronic and delayed rehabilitative pharmacological treatments examined in experimental models of traumatic brain injury. There is a specific emphasis on studies aiming to enhance cognitive recovery.
Neurobehavioural symptoms and certain psychiatric disorders are common after a traumatic brain injury
(TBI). Relatively few studies have investigated the effect of age upon these outcomes.
To compare consecutive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (MTBI) patients with and without adequate effort on cognitive performance, litigation status, fatigue, distress and personality.
To investigate external correlates of invalid test performance after traumatic brain injury, as assessed by the California Verbal Learning Test - Second Edition
(CVLT-II) and Word Memory Test (WMT).
To determine the relationships between clinical measures of executive function and attention, and laboratory measures of anticipatory locomotor adaptations with dual tasks following a
TBI.
To describe the outcome of intrathecal baclofen (ITB) therapy in treating spastic hypertonia and its sequelae in individuals with chronic (>14 years) traumatic brain injuries
(TBI).
Embolization of a severed tube of a ventriculo-atrial shunt into the heart is a rare but severe and potentially lethal complication of aresorptive hydrocephalus therapy in patients with severe neurological damage. A rare case is presented of a 53-year-old woman who suffered a severe subarachnoidal
haemorrhage.
Previous research suggests considerable heterogeneity within groups of individuals identified as having low self-awareness or good self-awareness following acquired brain injury
(ABI). The present study aimed to identify typologies of individuals according to neuropsychological and psychological factors related to awareness deficits and compare emotional adjustment and psychosocial outcomes at the initial assessment and 12-month follow-up.
The dimension of family context for awareness of disability following acquired brain injury
(ABI) is examined through a qualitative discourse analysis. Three participants with
ABI, who were identified by clinicians and relatives as demonstrating difficulties with awareness of disability, and three relatives were interviewed.
A forensic peer group programme adapted for bullying behaviour and antisocial attitudes in three young men with traumatic brain injury
(TBI) is presented.
Nouns and verbs differ in their neural and psycholinguistic attributes. It is not known whether these differences lead to distinct patterns of response to treatment for individuals with word retrieval impairments associated with aphasia.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 21, Issue 2 April 2007 , pages 204 - 209
Microdialysis enables the chemistry of extracellular fluid in body tissues to be measured. Extracellular proteases such as the cysteine protease, cathepsin S
(CatS), are thought to facilitate astrocytoma invasion.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 21, Issue 2 April 2007 , pages 210 - 216
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the commonest cause of death and disability in young adults living in industrialised countries. Recently, several studies have shown that hypopituitarism is a common complication of head trauma, with a prevalence of at least 25% among patients who were studied months or years following injury.
Few studies have considered the impact of masculine role variables on outcome and adjustment to SCI among men. The present study examined the relations among SCI, views of masculinity, psychological adjustment, and rehabilitation outcomes among men with SCI.
This paper compares the service models of three different types of rehabilitation programmes provided in Victoria, Australia: One hospital-based and two types of rehabilitation in the home
(RITH).
Uncomplicated methods for evaluation of prosthetic walking performance for individuals with lower limb amputations are valuable. The Physiological Cost Index
(PCI), the comfortable walking speed (CWS) and self-reported walking distances are three examples of such measures. The aim was to obtain values for these measures for individuals walking with transfemoral prostheses and to compare the results with healthy controls.
To evaluate the chronic consequences of stroke in terms of activity limitations, restricted participation and dissatisfaction from life, and the relationship between these variables, in stroke survivors living in the community one-year post onset.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 21, Issue 1 February 2007 , pages 3 - 6
Recently published data from the International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial (ISAT) shows that for patients enrolled in the trial there is a 7.4% reduction in the incidence of death or dependency at 1 year if they undergo coiling, rather than clipping. Furthermore, extrapolation of longer-term follow-up data for patient mortality appears to suggest that this advantage will be maintained in the longer term.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 21, Issue 1 February 2007 , pages 11 - 15
Delay in transfer of patients with acute extradural (EDH) or subdural (SDH) haematoma to definitive neurosurgical evacuation has a detrimental effect on outcome. From July 2003 to December 2005 we undertook a prospective analysis of patients admitted to our unit for neurosurgical evacuation of their
haematoma, who were transferred from non-neurosurgical hospitals.
The Clinical Neuropsychologist, Volume 21, Issue 2 March 2007 , pages 286 - 293
The construct validity of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status
(RBANS) indices and subtests in comparison to established neuropsychological measures has yet to be investigated in post-acute adults with a moderate to severe acquired brain injury.
The Clinical Neuropsychologist, Volume 21, Issue 2 March 2007 , pages 318 - 337
A known-groups design was used to determine the classification accuracy of 12 Booklet Category Test variables in the detection of malingered neurocognitive dysfunction
(MND) in traumatic brain injury (TBI).
Lafora disease (LD; progressive myoclonus epilepsy type 2; EPM2) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the EPM2A and EPM2B genes. LD is characterized by the presence of strongly PAS-positive intracellular inclusions
(Lafora bodies) in several tissues.
Although the pathogenesis of central poststroke pain (CPSP) remains obscure, interactions between the spinothalamic tract and lemniscal sensory tract may be involved in its pathogenic mechanism.
European Journal of Paediatric Neurology Volume 11, Issue 3, May 2007, Pages 153-159
Very low birthweight (VLBW) infants who had prolonged oxygen dependence due to chronic respiratory problems, typically neonatal chronic lung disease
(CLD), are at high risk of neurodevelopmental impairment. To assess the effect of CLD on neonatal auditory function we studied brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) in VLBW infants who suffered CLD but no other major perinatal complications or problems.
PEDIATRICS Vol. 119 No. 5 May 2007, pp. e1071-e1078
Hydrocephalus is a serious complication of intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants, with adverse consequences from permanent ventriculoperitoneal shunt dependence. The development of hydrocephalus takes several weeks, but no clinical intervention has been shown to reduce shunt surgery in such infants. The aim of this study was to test a new treatment intended to prevent hydrocephalus and shunt dependence after intraventricular hemorrhage.
CD4+CD28- lymphocytes are implicated in the destabilization of atheromatous plaque, leading to acute coronary episodes. One may ask whether these cells play a similar role in ischemic stroke pathogenesis with an atherosclerotic background.
Clinical Cancer Research 13, 2344-2353, April 15, 2007
The expression of suppressors of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) and SOCS3 genes is dysregulated in several solid tumors, causing aberrant activation of cell growth and survival signaling pathways. In this study, we analyzed SOCS1 and SOCS3 gene expression in glioblastoma multiforme
(GBM) and studied the role of each protein in GBM cell signaling and radiation resistance.
To determine whether alterations of brain structure in normal aged individuals precede the development of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or Alzheimer disease (AD).
Emergency Medicine News:Volume 29(4)April 2007p 29
Results from the most comprehensive study to compare two imaging techniques for the emergency diagnosis of suspected acute stroke show that magnetic resonance imaging can provide a more sensitive diagnosis than computed tomography for acute ischemic stroke.
The purpose of this study was to assess the safety and performance of the Wingspan stent system and Gateway percutaneous transluminal angioplasty balloon catheter in the treatment of high-grade, intracranial atherosclerotic lesions in patients who had failed medical therapy.
The Lancet
Volume 369, Issue 9570, 21 April 2007-27 April 2007, Pages 1347-1355
Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin or unfractionated heparin is recommended in acute ischaemic stroke, but which regimen provides optimum treatment is uncertain. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of enoxaparin with that of unfractionated heparin for patients with stroke.
European Journal of Paediatric Neurology Volume 11, Issue 3, May 2007, Pages 178-180
Early onset of absence seizures (<3 years) is rare and usually associated with a poor cognitive prognosis. Familial cases have not been reported to date.
European Journal of Paediatric Neurology Volume 11, Issue 3, May 2007, Pages 181-184
This case report describes the clinical evolution of a symptomatic epileptic encephalopathy with bilateral continuous spike-waves during slow wave sleep
(BCSWS) in a 3-year-old girl. Her epilepsy with focal motor seizures during sleep was later complicated by
myoclonic, atonic and clonic seizures culminating in BCSWS. The clinical picture, clinical course and magnetic resonance imaging findings were characterstic of primary white matter disease, probably, vacuolated megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts
(MLC).
This study examined factors affecting object naming decline in patients who have undergone anterior temporal lobectomy
(ATL) and the correlation between age of word acquisition and loss of specific object names postoperatively. The Boston Naming Test
(BNT) was used to assess changes in object-naming performance in patients who underwent
ATL.
Journal of Clinical Neuroscience\ Volume 14, Issue 4, April 2007, Pages 389-391
Vasospasm and raised intracranial pressure (ICP) are common complications in subarachnoid haemorrhage
(SAH) due to ruptured intracranial aneurysm. Vasospasm can be reliably monitored by repeated transcranial Doppler
(TCD) examinations.
Journal of Clinical Neuroscience Volume 14, Issue 4, April 2007, Pages 301-308
Malignant gliomas are common and aggressive brain tumours in adults. Current treatments for glioblastoma multiforme result in a poor median survival of less than 12 months.
Augmented reality (AR) is a technique in which an overlay of a virtual image to a live picture is performed to create a new image in which both original images coexist as a single image.
As a result of spinal cord injury (SCI) patients may have a partial or complete loss of the sensations of defecation. To compensate this impairment, nurses initiate bowel management programs.
We compared the long-term retention rates of several newly licensed antiepileptic drugs
(AEDs) in a residential community of adults with chronic epilepsy and learning disability.
Epilepsy & BehaviorVolume 10, Issue 2, March 2007, Pages 278-285
Recent research has revealed that benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes
(BECTS) causes deficient performance in various neuropsychological areas, without arriving at a definition of a uniform profile. The purpose of this study was to examine intelligence and certain language functions in 24 children with an active centrotemporal focus, comparing them with a group of 16 controls matched for age and schooling.
Recently COL4A1, a gene encoding the type IV collagen 1 chain, has been found to be involved in families with
autosomal-dominant porencephaly and infantile hemiparesis. In addition to neonatal stroke, some family members had experienced, during adulthood, spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhages
(ICHs) and leukoencephalopathy, suggestive of underlying small-vessel disease of the brain. We now report a patient with sporadic, recurrent ICHs and a novel COL4A1 mutation.
Because the long-term security of endovascular treatments remains uncertain, a follow-up study of the patients treated in the International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial was performed to compare the frequency, timing, and consequences of aneurysm recurrence.
Inflammatory response seems to be one of the relevant pathophysiological aspects for developing vasospasm in subarachnoid hemorrhage. The probable diagnostic value of intrathecal proinflammatory markers is still unclear and is assessed in this study.
Although prophylactic antibiotics have been shown by randomized clinical trials
(RCTs) to help prevent deep infection after craniotomies, recent reports have suggested that antibiotics are not effective in preventing postcraniotomy meningitis.
Continuous electroencephalography (cEEG) is potentially useful in determining prognosis in patients with traumatic brain injuries
(TBI). The objective of this prospective, observational cohort study was to determine if the percent alpha variability
(PAV) on cEEG was predictive of outcome following TBI.
Epilepsy & BehaviorVolume 10, Issue 2, March 2007, Pages 219-222
One hundred fifty-one neurologists at U.S. epilepsy centers responded to a survey on stopping medications in patients following successful resective epilepsy surgery.
International Journal of Rehabilitation Research. 30(2):137-146, June 2007
Persons with acquired brain injury require continuing care and support in various aspects of their lives. Although the care and support are predominantly provided by family members, little is known about the respite that these carers require to continue the care on a daily basis.
International Journal of Rehabilitation Research. 30(2):97-101, June 2007
The objective of the study was to describe the domain-specific quality of life in persons with spinal cord injury, and to evaluate the influences of injury level, time since injury, age at time of injury, marital status and education level on quality of life subscales. A cross-sectional questionnaire study was used.
International Journal of Rehabilitation Research. 30(2):111-117, June 2007
Rehabilitation is influenced by the individual's abilities and resources and extent to which they are used. This study explored self-actualization (capacity to maximize use of one's abilities and resources) in 37 individuals attending in-patient rehabilitation following a stroke by (1) comparing the level of self-actualization of the participants to the level of self-actualization of 562 healthy community-dwelling individuals without stroke; (2) assessing changes in the level of self-actualization during rehabilitation (admission vs. discharge); and (3) exploring the relationships between self-actualization and changes in functional independence during rehabilitation, length of stay in the rehabilitation unit and change in living environment at discharge.
International Journal of Rehabilitation Research. 30(2):153-157, June 2007
The purpose of this study was to examine the use of a descriptive taxonomy for assessment of communicative abilities, the Pragmatic Protocol, in a rehabilitation setting with brain-injured children and adolescents.
Laboratory-based studies have suggested that individual differences in cardiovascular reactivity and stress adaptive capacity are associated with stroke incidence. We test the hypothesis that sense of coherence (SOC), a marker of social stress adaptive capacity, is associated with incident stroke in a population-based prospective cohort study.
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society (2007), 13: 505-516
We investigated language representation in nine children (six male, three female; 5.6-17.7 years of age) who underwent surgical treatment of medically intractable epilepsy of the left hemisphere. Although interhemispheric reorganization has been previously documented in similar groups, this is the first study to systematically evaluate possible intrahemispheric effects of early insult.
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society (2007), 13: 377-385
Evaluating the ecological validity of neuropsychological tests has become an increasingly important topic. Previous research suggests that neuropsychological tests have a moderate level of ecological validity when predicting everyday functioning. The presence of depressive symptoms, however, may impact the relationship between neuropsychological tests and real world performance.
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society (2007), 13: 393-400
The aim of this study was to assess cognitive effects of anticonvulsants in a way that would yield results that are most directly applicable to epilepsy populations. This was done with a placebo-controlled, prospective, randomized, double-blind, parallel group study of anticonvulsant withdrawal in a population of subjects taking a single anticonvulsant with completely controlled seizures.
We report 2 patients who presented a brainstem hemorrhage and who, after 1 and 6 months, respectively, developed a 4-Hz postural and resting tremor consistent with Holmes tremor, which severely interfered with the activities of daily living.
Arterial thromboembolism is a common cause of both visceral and brain infarctions. Because the cause of brain infarction is unknown in up to 39% of patients, the discovery of subdiaphragmatic visceral infarction
(SDVI) in this context is important, but its frequency is unknown. We therefore investigated the prevalence of SDVI in subjects who died from stroke. We also evaluated the yield of SDVI diagnosis for stroke subtyping
The mechanism of reorganization after stroke remains uncertain. Several studies that have measured reaction time
(RT) delay by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) have revealed some substrates responsible for the reorganization of motor recovery. In this study, we evaluated the RT delay and inhibitory functions by examining the silent period (SP) in the primary motor cortex (M1) and premotor cortex (PMC) of the affected hemisphere. Using these data, we investigated whether a change in the inhibitory system might influence motor recovery.
To evaluate whether cisplatin-induced stroke is mediated by vascular toxicity with release of prothrombotic endothelial and platelet-derived microparticles (MPs).
To present a case of a true fusiform basilar artery aneurysm that underwent spontaneous thrombosis after placement of two overlapping Neuroform stents (Boston Scientific/Target, Fremont, CA).
Child's Nervous System, Volume 23, Number 4, April 2007, pp. 455-458(4)
Significant constipation in patients with shunt-dependent hydrocephalus may often be enough to bring a subclinical shunt malfunction to clinical attention or even to be the cause of temporary distal peritoneal shunt malfunction. The treatment of the constipation may address the symptomatic shunt dysfunction so as to avoid operative intervention. The pathogenesis of distal shunt malfunction and its management in such a situation are discussed, and the relevant literature is briefly reviewed.
Child's Nervous System, Volume 23, Number 4, April 2007, pp. 449-453(5)
A rare case of congenital cavernous angioma detected during pregnancy is described. The tumor was pointed out by ultrasound in a fetus at 39 weeks gestation. The male baby was delivered by cesarean section.
Laboratory-based studies have suggested that individual differences in cardiovascular reactivity and stress adaptive capacity are associated with stroke incidence. We test the hypothesis that sense of coherence (SOC), a marker of social stress adaptive capacity, is associated with incident stroke in a population-based prospective cohort study.
To elucidate the characteristics and prognostic value of positioning nystagmus during the second position of the Epley maneuver (90° contralateral head turn from the initial Hallpike maneuver).
We evaluated the association between physical activity and changes in white matter lesions
(WMLs) on MRI in a sample of 179 older adults comprising 59 incident cases of Alzheimer disease, 60 persons with mild cognitive impairment, and 60 persons who remained cognitively stable over a median 5-year follow-up. Physical activity was not significantly associated with a decreased rate of periventricular or deep WML progression.
Child's Nervous System, Volume 23, Number 4, April 2007, pp. 399-405(7)
While the impact of radiotherapy in the management of medulloblastoma was
recognised, the introduction of chemotherapy was investigated in clinical trials and shown to confer an additional advantage. We reviewed the outcome of a series of consecutive patients to assess the impact in a population-based clinical establishment.
Lesions of the frontal lobes may impair the capacity of patients to control otherwise intact cognitive operations in the face of ambiguous sensory input or conflicting possible responses.
Several studies have shown a relationship between low socioeconomic status, age and stroke mortality. However, there is lack of similar studies in relation to stroke incidence.
Many registers containing routine medical information have been developed for research and surveillance purposes. In epidemiological research assessment of endpoints is often conducted via registers. In the present study we validated stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) diagnoses in the Danish National Register of Patients
(DNRP).
We present one patient with Parry Romberg syndrome and another with linear scleroderma in coup de
sabre, with focal neurologic deficits and intractable seizures arising from the hemisphere ipsilateral to the cutaneous lesion. Brain MRI showed progressive hemispheric atrophy. Pathology after functional hemispherectomy showed chronic inflammatory features suggestive of Rasmussen encephalitis.
Familial adult myoclonic epilepsy (FAME) is associated with myoclonus, tremor, and rare seizures, and is a nonprogressive disorder linked to the FAME 1 locus. A similar disorder has been linked to the FAME 2 locus.
Glioblastoma is the most frequent and most malignant human brain tumor. The prognosis remains very poor, with most patients dying within 1 year after diagnosis. Primary and secondary glioblastoma constitute distinct disease subtypes, affecting patients of different age and developing through different genetic pathways.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 28:678-682, April 2007
Hemimegalencephaly is a rare but well-known congenital malformation with ipsilateral enlargement of the
hemicerebrum. However, very little is known about changes in structures outside the involved hemisphere in patients with this condition. We investigated morphologic abnormalities occurring outside the affected hemisphere by MR imaging in a large series of patients with
hemimegalencephaly.
A number of techniques are being investigated to accomplish bladder control recovery in paralyzed patients using the
neurostimulation, but currently, all techniques are based on the dorsal implantation of the electrodes using a
laminectomy.
J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 19:106-127, May 2007
Psychiatric disorders frequently complicate recovery and rehabilitation from traumatic brain injury
(TBI). This study reviews the literature from 1978 to 2006 on psychosis, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, ma
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