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Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation:
March/April 2009 - Volume 24 - Issue 2 - p 131-140
Forensic examiners generally agree that their contributions to the forensic process have to be based on scientific principles, high ethical values, and sound clinical skills and judgment.
Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation:
March/April 2009 - Volume 24 - Issue 2 - p 123-130
Mild head injury is a controversial topic because patients may have subtle deficits and widely varied outcomes. Accordingly, neuropsychologists are frequently asked to provide expert testimony about the nature of mild head injury.
Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation:
March/April 2009 - Volume 24 - Issue 2 - p 76-87
As part of a special issue of The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, forensic neuropsychology is reviewed as it applies to traumatic brain injury (TBI) and other types of acquired brain injury in which clinical neuropsychologists and rehabilitation psychologists may be asked to render professional opinions about the neurobehavioral effects and outcome of a brain injury.
Neurocritical Care 1541-6933 (Print) 10.1007/s12028-009-9207-y
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is associated with a risk of early seizure and guidelines recommend consideration of prophylactic antiepileptic drugs
(AEDs) for some patients, although the utility is uncertain.
Neurocritical Care 1541-6933 (Print) 10.1007/s12028-009-9208-x
The histopathological characteristic of intracranial microbial aneurysm (MA)—infectious aneurysm is the presence of infection and destruction of the walls of the vessels
In about one third of all patients with cerebral ischemia, no definite cause can be identified (cryptogenic stroke). In many patients with initially suspected cryptogenic stroke, however, a cardiogenic etiology can eventually be determined.
Medical Hypotheses Received 28 October 2008; accepted 1 November 2008. published online 06 March 2009
Gliomas are malignant primary brain tumors with high morbidity. This tumor has a feature of resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy and the underlying mechanism is not yet clear.
The cerebral perfusion pressure that denotes the lower limit of cerebral blood flow autoregulation
(LLA) is generally considered to be equivalent for reductions in arterial blood pressure (ABP) or increases in intracranial pressure
(ICP).
Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism advance online publication 25 March 2009;
doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.2009.30
Disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) caused by cerebral ischemia can initiate the development and progression of brain injuries, which may lead to irreversible dysfunction of the central nervous system.
Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism (2009) 29, 688-697; doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2008.160; published online 14 January 2009
Changes in cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) pulse latency reflect pathophysiological changes of the cerebral vasculature based on the theory of pulse wave propagation.
Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management Published: March 2009
Lennox-Gaustaut syndrome is an electroclinical epilepsy syndrome characterized by the triad of electroencephalogram showing diffuse slow spike-and-wave discharges and paroxysmal fast activity, multiple intractable seizure types, and cognitive impairment.
Distal spinal muscular atrophy type 1 (DSMA1) is an autosomal recessive disease that is clinically characterized by distal limb weakness and respiratory distress.
The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care:Volume 66(3)March 2009pp 727-729
Previous studies had demonstrated that injury severity and risk of death after motor-vehicle crashes are related to human body characteristics. The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and head injury severity in front seat passengers after a frontal collision.
Hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy (HNA) is an autosomal dominant disorder associated with recurrent episodes of focal neuropathy primarily affecting the brachial plexus.
Apathy is a unique, multidimensional syndrome commonly encountered in patients with Parkinson disease (PD). Recently, the Lille Apathy Rating Scale (LARS), a semistructured interview yielding a global score, and composite subscores for different domains of apathy (i.e., cognitive, behavioral, affective, self awareness), was developed and given to a sample of patients with PD in France.
Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism advance online publication 25 February 2009;
doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.2009.14
This study aimed to evaluate by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), the effects induced by an acute exposure (40
mins) to a GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) signal emitted by a mobile phone (MP) on the oxygenation of the frontal cortex.
Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain Published Online: 26 Mar 2009
Spontaneous intracranial hypotension and trigeminal neuralgia are examples of pain syndromes arising from shifting anatomical relationships in the posterior
fossa. We report both conditions occurring in the same patient and resolving following surgical closure of a cervical nerve root sleeve dural defect. This case further elucidates the pathophysiologic basis of both forms of head pain.
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a widely used and highly effective treatment for patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). Repetitive TMS
(rTMS) applied to motor cortical areas has also been shown to improve symptoms in PD and modulate motor cortical excitability.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder involving several neuronal systems. Impaired olfactory function may constitute one of the earliest symptoms of PD. However, it is still unclear to what degree changes of the olfactory epithelium may contribute to dysosmia and if these changes are different from those of other hyposmic or anosmic patients.
Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain Published Online: 26 Mar 2009
A case of isolated unilateral hypertrophy of the Musculus temporalis identified by magnetic resonance imaging associated with recurrent hemicranial headache in a 22-year-old woman with Turkish ancestry is presented. Symptomatic relief was achieved by administration of acetaminophen. A review of the literature is presented and additional treatment options are discussed.
Episodic Ataxia Type 1 is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by episodes of ataxia and
myokymia. It is associated with mutations in the KCNA1 voltage-gated potassium channel gene.
Alzheimer's disease neuropathology is characterized by neuronal death, amyloid {beta}-peptide deposits and neurofibrillary tangles composed of paired helical filaments of tau protein.
Human prion diseases present substantial scientific and public health challenges. They are unique in being sporadic, infectious and inherited, and their pathogen is distinct from all other pathogens in lacking nucleic acids.
The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs), the most common neurodegenerative disorders of childhood, are characterized by the accumulation of autofluorescent storage material mainly in neurons.
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 16, Number 4, April 2009 , pp. 475-481(7)
A recent case report suggested the presence of asymmetrical lateral ventricular enlargement associated with motor asymmetry in Parkinson's disease (PD). The current study explored these associations further.
Movement Disorders Volume 24 Issue 4, Pages 490 - 498
In addition to pure PD and pure dystonic syndromes, there are a group of disorders with overlapping features. The differential diagnosis of these dystonia parkinsonism syndromes can be complex.
To revalidate the Freezing of Gait Questionnaire (FOG-Q), patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) were randomly assigned to receive rasagiline (1 mg/day) (n = 150), entacapone (200 mg with each dose of
levodopa) (n = 150), or placebo (n = 154). Patients were assessed at baseline and after 10 weeks using the FOG-Q, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale
(UPDRS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39).
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 16, Number 4, April 2009 , pp. 513-516(4)
The 'hot cross bun' sign (HCBS), typically seen in the patients with multiple system atrophy, refers to a cruciform hyperintensity in the pons on T2-weighted
MRI. Little is known about its pathological basis and prevalence in other degenerative cerebellar diseases and healthy population.
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 16, Number 4, April 2009 , pp. 488-492(5)
Investigations on cause of death may provide valuable information about life expectancy and on conditions of terminal dementia care, which perhaps can be ameliorated.
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 16, Number 4, April 2009 , pp. 498-505(8)
To investigate changes in human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DR expression on peripheral
monocytes, determine the value of predicting the development of stroke-associated infection
(SAI), and determine the correlation with other conditions in critically-ill patients in the neurological intensive care unit
(NICU) who suffered an acute stroke.
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 16, Number 4, April 2009 , pp. 493-497(5)
Experimental studies suggest that deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus
(STN) induces impulsivity in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). The purpose of this study was to assess various measures of impulse control in PD patients with STN DBS in comparison to patients receiving medical therapy.
We hypothesize that in comparison to diffusion-weighted imaging, quantitative T2 values (qT2) are more directly related to water uptake in ischemic tissue, depending on time from symptom onset.
Tropical Doctor > Volume 39, Number 2 > Pp. 115-116
As well as dengue fever (DF) and dengue haemorrhagic fever-dengue shock syndrome
(DHF/DSS), other atypical manifestations of dengue virus infection have also been reported.
With the worldwide increase in the use of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
(HSCT), a high level of diligence is required for radiologists to understand
HSCT-related complications in the CNS.
European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience Volume 251, Supplement 2 / June, 2001 81-88
There is an increasing evidence that corticosteroids damage the hippocampus in rodents and in primates. Hippocampal atrophy induced by corticosteroids may play an important role in the pathogenesis of a range of neuropsychiatric disorders.
A case of a convexity dural-based cavernous hemangioma in a 15-year-old male child is reported. The child presented only with headaches and had no neurological deficits.
Child: Care, Health and Development Published Online: 23 Mar 2009
A lack of data on dysarthria and dysphagia outcomes for children following traumatic brain injury (TBI) limits our clinical evidence base, and poses daily challenges for the speech language pathologist
(SLP) managing this group.
European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 1619-7070 (Print) 10.1007/s00259-009-1115-z
Meningiomas are generally benign and in most cases surgery is curative. However, for high-grade histotypes or partially resected
tumours, recurrence is fairly common.
Comparable data on stroke incidence across European countries are lacking because previous studies have used different methods of case ascertainment, different periods of observation, and different age restrictions.
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) and myotonic dystrophy type 2 (proximal muscular
myopaty/DM2) are caused by similar dynamic mutations at two distinct genetic loci.
Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism advance online publication 18 March 2009;
doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.2009.21
Positron emission tomography (PET) using the tracer [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose
(FDG) is commonly used for measuring metabolic rate of glucose
(MRglc) in the human brain.
Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism advance online publication 18 March 2009;
doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.2009.24
Critical closing pressure (CCP) is an arterial pressure threshold below which small arterial vessels collapse. Our aim was to compare different methods to estimate CCP in the cerebrovascular circulation using the relationships between transcranial Doppler flow velocity (FV), laser-Doppler flux
(LDF), and arterial blood pressure (ABP).
Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism (2009) 29, 840-852; doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2008.155; published online 14 January 2009
One of the main difficulties in obtaining quantitative perfusion values from dynamic susceptibility contrast-magnetic resonance imaging is a correct arterial input function
(AIF) measurement, as partial volume effects can lead to an erroneous shape and amplitude of the
AIF.
Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism advance online publication 18 March 2009;
doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.2009.26
The spatiotemporal dynamics of neurovascular coupling during epilepsy are not well understood, and there are little data from studies of the human brain. We investigated changes in total hemoglobin
(Hbt) and hemoglobin oxygenation in patients undergoing epilepsy surgery with intraoperative intrinsic optical spectroscopy
(IOS) during triggered afterdischarges (ADs).
Child's Nervous System 0256-7040 (Print) 10.1007/s00381-009-0873-z
Ollier disease is a rare, nonfamilial disorder characterized by multiple enchondromatosis with an asymmetric distribution and areas of dysplastic cartilage.
Intracranial aspergillosis is a rare pathologic condition, difficult to treat and often fatal which generally affects immunocompromised hosts. High-dose steroid therapy represents a risk factor for opportunistic infections.
Child's Nervous System 0256-7040 (Print) 10.1007/s00381-009-0851-5
Calvarial remodelling for sagittal synostosis is extensive surgery and is associated with potential risks; the most significant of these is blood loss.
Neurological disorders are a major cause of physical disability and mortality worldwide. However, there is still a paucity of studies investigating the molecular mechanisms of disease progression and biomarkers of diagnostic and prognostic value.
Journal of Neuroimaging, Volume 19, Number 2, April 2009 , pp. 144-149(6)
This study assessed the impact of treatment modality of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
(aSAH) on the rate of vasospasm (VSP), mortality, and hospital length of stay (LOS) of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
(aSAH).
Journal of Neuroimaging, Volume 19, Number 2, April 2009 , pp. 164-168(5)
We report a case of an acute middle cerebral artery (M2 segment) occlusion that was refractory to intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV t-PA), thrombectomy with the
Merci(R) device, intra-arterial infusion of urokinase and
eptifibatide, and balloon angioplasty.
Journal of Neuroimaging, Volume 19, Number 2, April 2009 , pp. 179-182(4)
The authors reported a case of a dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) in the left transverse-sigmoid sinus, in which 3-dimensional computed tomography (CT) angiograms (3D-CTAs) by a 64-section multidetector row CT scanner were useful for its diagnosis and treatment.
Journal of Neuroimaging, Volume 19, Number 2, April 2009 , pp. 169-173(5)
Cerebral toxoplasmosis is a frequent complication in immunosuppressed patients such as AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Frequently, lesions are located deep in the brain which are inaccessible for biopsy making rapid diagnosis dependent on accurate interpretation of neuroimaging findings.
Journal of Neuroimaging, Volume 19, Number 2, April 2009 , pp. 185-187(3)
Cortical laminar necrosis (CLN) is radiologically characterized by hyperintense cortical lesions on unenhanced T1-weighted images. Hypoxia is the representative cause of
CLN; however, the rapid correction of hyponatremia has also been suggested as another possible cause.
Journal of Neuroimaging, Volume 19, Number 2, April 2009 , pp. 183-184(2)
The most common causes of parkinsonism are degenerative and irreversible. Structural causes of reversible parkinsonism are exceptionally rare, but have been reported in association with deep cerebral venous thrombosis and dural arteriovenous fistula
(DAVF).
Journal of Neuroimaging, Volume 19, Number 2, April 2009 , pp. 174-178(5)
We report a unique case of a reversible high signal intensity lesion observed on a magnetic resonance
(MR) image accompanied by transient neurological deficits related to a balloon occlusion test.
Journal of Neuroimaging, Volume 19, Number 2, April 2009 , pp. 119-126(8)
To determine the correlation between carotid plaque morphology, assessed by two different ultrasonographic methods, and presence of cerebrovascular events and/or lesions on magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI).
Journal of Neuroimaging, Volume 19, Number 2, April 2009 , pp. 127-131(5)
In patients with the cerebellar variant of multiple system atrophy (MSA-C), reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) has been reported in several brain areas. However, since previous studies have employed predetermined regions of interest
(ROI), the brain areas showing the earliest alterations in FA are unknown.
Child's Nervous System 0256-7040 (Print) 10.1007/s00381-009-0840-8
The objective of this study is to report our initial experience treating pediatric patients with central nervous system tumors using a frameless, optically guided linear accelerator.
Patients in developing countries consult doctors depending on the severity of their disease, proximity of specialist care and availability of affordable medical care. Medical records of past events are often unavailable and long term follow up data is poor.
Intracranial depth macroelectrode recordings from patients with focal seizures demonstrate interictal and ictal high frequency oscillations
(HFOs, 80-500 Hz). These HFOs are more frequent in the seizure-onset zone
(SOZ) and reported to be linked to seizure genesis. We evaluated whether HFO activity changes in a systematic way during the preictal period.
Delayed cerebral ischemia due to vasospasm is a major cause of death and disability in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage
(SAH) set off by a ruptured intracranial aneurysm.
Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism advance online publication 18 February 2009;
doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.2009.11
We tested the hypothesis that Niaspan (a prolonged release formulation of niacin) increases tumor necrosis factor-alpha-converting enzyme
(TACE) expression and Notch signaling activity and promotes arteriogenesis after stroke.
Epilepsy is a serious neurological disorder and neurocysticercosis (NCC), the central nervous system infection by the larvae of Taenia
solium, is the main cause of acquired epilepsy in developing countries.
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 16, Number 4, April 2009 , pp. 517-521(5)
Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) has been shown to reduce hypertonia in patients with upper motor neuron syndrome without any side effect. The aim of the present study is to investigate whether ESWT could be useful also in patients with
dystonia.
We evaluated 715 glioblastoma patients diagnosed during 1980-1994 in the Canton of Zurich, Switzerland, to provide information on how patients were treated at the population level.
Transient ischemic attacks (TIA) predict future stroke. However, there are no sensitive and specific diagnostic criteria for TIA and interobserver agreement regarding the diagnosis is poor.
While stable xenon CT (Xe-CT) cerebral blood flow (CBF) is an accepted standard for quantitative assessment of cerebral
hemodynamics, the accuracy of magnetic resonance perfusion-weighted imaging
(PWI-MRI) is unclear.
Pakistan is a developing country rich in ethnic and cultural diversity in its four provinces. It ranks sixth on the World Health Organization (WHO) list of high disease burden countries.
Autosomal recessive demyelinating Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy type 4H (CMT4H) manifests early onset, severe functional impairment, deforming scoliosis, and myelin outfoldings in the nerve biopsy.
Familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder in which three genes, CACNA1A, ATP1A2, and SCN1A, are currently known to be involved. FHM is occasionally associated with other neurologic symptoms such as cerebellar ataxia or epileptic seizures.
Hyperintense vessels (HV) on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery imaging are frequently observed in acute ischemic stroke patients. However, the exact mechanism and clinical implications of this sign have not yet been clearly defined.
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a genetic condition characterized by the presence of hamartomatous lesions in multiple organs, including tubers in the brain. The majority of patients with TSC have epilepsy. Some cortical tubers are epileptic foci, while others appear to be physiologically quiescent.
About 20% of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is caused by mutations in SOD1 and is typically transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. However, due to reduced mutation
penetrance, the disease may present in a recessive or sporadic manner
Spinal Cord advance online publication 31 March 2009; doi: 10.1038/sc.2009.24
To evaluate the effect of autogenous undifferentiated stem cell infusion for the treatment of patients with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) on somatosensory evoked potentials
(SSEPs).
Spinal Cord advance online publication 31 March 2009; doi: 10.1038/sc.2009.26
Survivin, a unique member of the inhibitor of the apoptosis
(IAP) protein family, is expressed during embryonal development, but is undetectable in terminally differentiated cells and tissues.
Spinal Cord advance online publication 31 March 2009; doi: 10.1038/sc.2009.31
To determine functionality of the cervical spine when using ProDisc C in comparison with the conventional method of treatment (decompression and fusion) in paraplegics.
To investigate how the type of stimulus (pictures or words) and the method of reproduction (free recall or recognition after a short or a long delay) affect the sensitivity and specificity of a 3-item memory test in the assessment of post traumatic amnesia (PTA).
Edaravone, a potent scavenger of hydroxyl radicals, has been used to treat acute cerebral ischemia, but its effects on intracerebral haemorrhage
(ICH) are unknown. The present study tried to understand the effects of edaravone on ICH in mice.
To identify the early clinical features of patients with mild traumatic brain injury
(mTBI) that are predictive of the presence of persistent post-concussion symptoms
(PPCS).
Magnetic Resonance in Medicine Published Online: 24 Mar 2009
Recently, the spin-echo full-intensity acquired localized (SPECIAL) spectroscopy technique was proposed to unite the advantages of short TEs on the order of milliseconds (ms) with full sensitivity and applied to in vivo rat brain. In the present study, SPECIAL was adapted and optimized for use on a clinical platform at 3T and 7T by combining interleaved water suppression (WS) and outer volume saturation
(OVS), optimized sequence timing, and improved shimming using
FASTMAP.
Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology Volume 20, Issue 4, Pages 442-447 (April 2009)
Catheter cerebral angiography and noninvasive cerebral imaging have steadily improved in the past several decades. Now, catheter angiography is frequently reserved for treatment planning.
Child's Nervous System 0256-7040 (Print) 10.1007/s00381-009-0867-x
Juvenile psammomatoid ossifying fibroma (JPOF) is a benign but potentially locally aggressive fibroosseous lesion predominantly arising in the paranasal sinuses in children and young adults.
Critical Care Medicine:Volume 37(4)April 2009pp 1448-1455
The objective of the study is to test whether multimodal magnetic resonance imaging can provide a reliable outcome prediction of the clinical status, focusing on consciousness at 1 year after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 16, Number 4, April 2009 , pp. 450-456(7)
Many clinicians view age at onset as an important determinant of clinical phenotype in Parkinson's disease (PD) and this has been reinforced by the identification of Mendelian genes that account for some cases of younger onset PD.
Sleep disorders are common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and have profound negative influences on quality of life. Sleep structure in healthy participants can be changed by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
(rTMS), but this has never been studied systematically in PD.
Current practice often assesses apathy with a single item from the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale
(UPDRS, item 4). Yet, the relationship between the UPDRS item 4 and the validated Apathy Scale (AS) is unknown.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is not a simple movement disorder induced just by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars
compacta. Apparently, the substantia nigra is not the only or the first brain region damaged in PD.
We report a 67 years old female patient out of a multigenerational family with spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) with an unusually benign course of disease. Although all SCA2 gene carriers have by now developed the predominant gait ataxia and brainstem oculomotor dysfunction, the index patient presented with a very mild course of disease, scoring only six points on the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia after a disease duration of 13 years.
Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism advance online publication 11 February 2009;
doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.2009.6
Elevation of blood flow velocity in the large cerebral vessels is known to be of substantial pathophysiologic and prognostic significance in sickle-cell disease (SCD).
Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is a common feature in Parkinson's disease (PD). As the control of balance and gait is already affected by PD per se, OH may further predispose patients to falls and accidents.
This study examined whether deep brain stimulation (DBS) would affect the contrast sensitivity (CS) curve in patients with PD. CS was tested in 12 nondemented PD patients treated with bilateral subthalamic nucleus DBS on and off stimulation and medications.
Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology Published Online: 24 Mar 2009
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is one of the most common inherited neurological disorders, affecting 36 in 100 000 people. CMT type 1A (hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy) is the most frequent form of this disease, affecting 60 to 80% of the CMT population, but its diagnosis may be delayed because of inconsistent clinical signs and symptoms and a considerable variability in age at onset.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis First Published on: 25 March 2009
An association of retroviruses and especially HIV has been reported in SALS, but CNS tissues have not been directly tested. To be valid, direct testing should be performed in light of the highly variable distribution of neuropathology from one patient to another and the degradable nature of RNA viruses.
Research in Parkinson's disease (PD) genetics has been extremely prolific over the past decade. More than 13 loci and 9 genes have been identified, but their implication in PD is not always certain.
The higher risk of early recurrent stroke after posterior circulation transient ischaemic attack or minor stroke versus after carotid territory events could be due to a greater prevalence of large artery
stenosis, but there have been few imaging studies, and the prognostic significance of such stenoses is uncertain.
Child's Nervous System 0256-7040 (Print) 10.1007/s00381-009-0845-3
Malignant tumours of the central nervous system (CNS) represent the second most common cancer type in the paediatric population of developed countries, and mortality caused by CNS tumours is the highest among paediatric cancers.
Mutations in the glucocerebrosidase gene (GBA) are associated with Gaucher's disease, the most common lysosomal storage disorder. Parkinsonism is an established feature of Gaucher's disease and an increased frequency of mutations in GBA has been reported in several different ethnic series with sporadic Parkinson's disease.
Edaravone, a free radical scavenger approved by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare in 2001 for treating acute ischemic stroke, was recommended by the Japanese Guidelines for the Management of Stroke 2004.
No randomized study has yet compared efficacy and safety of aspirin and anticoagulants in patients with spontaneous dissection of the cervical carotid artery
(sICAD).
Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is an inherited disorder of branched-chain amino acid metabolism presenting with life-threatening cerebral oedema and dysmyelination in affected individuals. Treatment requires life-long dietary restriction and monitoring of branched-chain amino acids to avoid brain injury
Brain imaging studies of adults with psychopathy have identified structural and functional abnormalities in limbic and prefrontal regions that are involved in emotion recognition, decision-making, morality and empathy.
European Journal of Neurology Volume 16 Issue 4, Pages 444 - 449
Convulsive status epilepticus (CSE) is the most common and life-threatening form of status epilepticus (SE). The aim of this study was to describe the clinical features of CSE in western China.
Six candidate gene studies report a genetic association of DNA variants within the paraoxonase locus with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
(ALS). However, several other large studies, including five genome-wide association studies, have not duplicated this finding.
In this study we analysed the relationship between damage in the territory of the posterior cerebral artery and semantic knowledge, with special reference to category dissociations.
To investigate the comparative effects of carbamazepine (CBZ) and lamotrigine
(LTG) on electrocardiography (ECG) parameters in elderly patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy.
In temporal lobe epilepsies an asymmetric termination (AST) of the clonic phase of secondary generalized
tonic-clonic seizures (sGTCS) reliably lateralizes the side of seizure onset. The last clonic activity occurs ipsilateral to the side of the seizure onset zone.
Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology Published Online: 24 Mar 2009
To investigate the predictive value of motor testing at 1 year for motor and mental outcome at 2 years after perinatal
hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) in term neonates.
Neurosurgical Focus March 2009 Volume 26, Number 3
The authors reviewed their experience in 7 cases of nonacute intracranial occlusions and near occlusions in which the patients underwent intracranial angioplasty and stent implantation for direct cerebral revascularization.
The Lancet, Volume 373, Issue 9669, Pages 1105 - 1110, 28 March 2009
The risk of epilepsy shortly after traumatic brain injury is high, but how long this high risk lasts is unknown. We aimed to assess the risk of epilepsy up to 10 years or longer after traumatic brain injury, taking into account sex, age, severity, and family history.
Child's Nervous System 0256-7040 (Print) 10.1007/s00381-009-0854-2
Chiari I malformation is associated with a small posterior fossa which cannot accommodate a growing hindbrain. Pseudotumor cerebri has been linked to developmental posterior fossa malformations.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis First Published on: 23 March 2009
This pilot study explored whether clinicians can identify patients who may not be coping with a diagnosis of MND early in the disease course by using patient-led interviews rather than psychological testing.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis First Published on: 23 March 2009
Patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) rely on a variety of support services during the course of their illness. Patients with primary lateral sclerosis
(PLS) have a slower progression of disease and different clinical spectrum.
Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Volume 29 Issue 4, Pages 987 - 993
To demonstrate the applicability of inner field-of-view (FOV) echo-planar imaging based on spatially two-dimensional selective radiofrequency excitations to high-resolution diffusion tensor imaging.
Numerical and spatial magnitude processing have long been intimately associated, leading to the suggestion that they share a common system of magnitude representation. Although separate investigations on the cerebral areas involved in numerosity and spatial estimation point toward the parietal cortex, the precise anatomical overlap, if any, has not yet been directly established.
To assess the utility of both minimum apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) and ADC difference values for grading astrocytic tumors at magnetic resonance imaging.
To analyze the safety of the remodeling technique compared with the safety of the standard treatment with coils for endovascular treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms in a large multicenter series of patients as part of the Analysis of Treatment by Endovascular Approach of Nonruptured Aneurysms
(ATENA) study.
The Internet Journal of Neurology. 2009 Volume 11 Number 1
Although its burden at national level is unknown, studies have shown that stroke is an important cause of hospital morbidity and mortality in Ethiopia.
Current Opinion in Critical Care:
April 2009 - Volume 15 - Issue 2 - p 125-130
Space-occupying, malignant hemispheric infarction is one of the most devastating forms of ischemic stroke. Several case series had suggested decompressive hemicraniectomy as a life-saving therapy, but, until recently, there was no proof for this procedure from randomized controlled trials.
The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care:Volume 66(3)March 2009pp 727-729
Previous studies had demonstrated that injury severity and risk of death after motor-vehicle crashes are related to human body characteristics. The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and head injury severity in front seat passengers after a frontal collision.
Malignant cerebral infarction is a life-threatening condition with case fatality rates of approximately 80% in adults with malignant infarction of the middle cerebral artery.
Journal of Neuroimaging, Volume 19, Number 1, January 2009 , pp. 86-88(3)
Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis is thought to be responsible for 8% of all ischemic stroke subtypes. Transcranial Doppler
(TCD) ultrasonography allows for noninvasive and dynamic evaluation of the cerebral circulation within the circle of Willis.
Child's Nervous System 0256-7040 (Print) 10.1007/s00381-009-0841-7
Prognosis of germinoma arising in the basal ganglia or thalamus is worse compared to that in the pineal or suprasellar region. One of the reasons for poor prognosis is the difficulty in evaluating the efficacy of treatment by conventional neuroimaging tools.
Journal of Neurological Sciences (Turkish) 2009, Volume 26, Number 1,
Page(s) 018-025
This retrospective study presents clinical and radiological findings and outcomes of 25 infants with intracranial hemorrhage due to vitamin K deficiency and evaluates the risk factors.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis First Published on: 20 March 2009
TAR DNA binding protein (TDP-43) is the pathologic substrate of neuronal and glial aggregates in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
(ALS). Pathologic TDP-43 is hyperphosphorylated and cleaved to generate abnormal protein species that accumulate in the cytoplasm.
We have reported previously that there appears to be an intriguing sex-related functional asymmetry of the prefrontal cortices, especially the ventromedial sector, in regard to social conduct, emotional processing, and decision-making, whereby the right-sided sector is important in men but not women and the left-sided sector is important in women but not men.
We examined the efficacy of herpes simplex virus vector-mediated gene transfer of erythropoietin in preventing neuropathy in mouse model of
streptozotocin-diabetes.
The Journal of Headache and Pain 1129-2369 (Print) 10.1007/s10194-009-0108-4
The International Classification of Headache Disorders does not separate the moderate from severe/very severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), since they are all defined by Glasgow coma scale (GCS) < 13.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis First Published on: 20 March 2009
Our objectives were to analyse carbohydrate metabolism in a series of ALS patients and to examine potential association with parameters of lipid metabolism and clinical features. Glucose tolerance was assessed by the oral glucose tolerance test in 21 non-diabetic ALS patients and compared with 21 age- and sex-matched normal subjects.
Voltage-dependent sodium channels consist of a pore-forming alpha-subunit and regulatory beta-subunits. Alterations in these channels have been implicated in temporal lobe epilepsy
(TLE) and several genetic epilepsy syndromes.
Somatostatin and dopamine receptors are both G-protein-coupled receptors. Somatostatin receptor
(SSTR) expression in neuroendocrine tumours has been well
characterised, and there is evidence of dopamine receptor expression in neuroendocrine
tumours.
The anterior and posterior commissures (AC and PC) typically form the reference points of the stereotactic coordinate system. Hence any discussion of target localization is limited by the variability of AC and PC selection.
To present a protocol of immediate surgical repair of myelomeningocele (MMC) after birth ('time zero') and compare this surgical outcome with the surgery performed after the newborn's admission to the nursery before the operation.
International Journal of Radiation Biology, Volume 85, Issue 2 February 2009 , pages 126 - 137
To investigate the cytotoxic effect of high linear-energy transfer (LET) carbon irradiation on glioblastoma cells lines in combination with temozolomide
(TMZ).
Irish Journal of Medical Science 0021-1265 (Print) 10.1007/s11845-009-0317-5
Non-convulsive seizures and status epilepticus are common in brain-injured patients in intensive care units. Continuous electroencephalography
(cEEG) monitoring is the most sensitive means of their detection.
We aimed to devise a rating method for key frontal and temporal brain regions validated against quantitative volumetric methods and applicable to a range of dementia syndromes.
Differences in the magnitude of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volumetric flow through the cerebral aqueduct between healthy and hydrocephalic patients have been previously reported. However it is not clear whether this is directly related to the pathophysiology or secondary to altered ventricular morphology and hydrodynamics. This work aims to determine the role of anatomic and hydrodynamic factors in modulating the magnitude of CSF flow through the aqueduct.
American Journal of Neuroradiology
DOI 10.3174/ajnr.A1488
Endovascular embolization is a well-established treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms, but concern about its long-term stability and its ability to prevent rehemorrhage are still present.
British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, Volume 67, Number 3, March 2009 , pp. 333-340(8)
To assess the sleepiness induced by pramipexole, a D2/D3-dopamine receptor agonist commonly used in Parkinson's disease and restless legs syndrome, without the problem of the confounding factors related to the disease.
Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is a potent survival factor for motor neurons in animals, and glycogen synthase kinase-3{beta} (GSK-3{beta}) is suspected to play roles in apoptosis and tau
phosphorylation.
The restricted genetic diversity and homogeneous molecular basis of Mendelian disorders in isolated founder populations have rarely been explored in epilepsy research. Our long-term goal is to explore the genetic basis of epilepsies in one such population, the Gypsies.
American Journal of Neuroradiology
DOI 10.3174/ajnr.A1486
Despite years of research and pioneering clinical work, stroke remains a massive public health concern. Since 1996, we have lived in the era of US Food and Drug Administration-approved intravenous (IV) recombinant tissue plasminogen activator
(rtPA).
Hemichorea-hemiballism (HCHB) is an usually continuous, nonpatterned, involuntary movement disorder caused by basal ganglia dysfunction, commonly due to a vascular lesion, described in nonketotic hyperglycemic patients.
Journal of Child Neurology 2009, doi:10.1177/0883073808329532
The characteristics of seizures and epilepsy in infants who have had an apparent life-threatening event
(ALTE) have been poorly defined. Our objective was to characterize in-depth the cohort of ALTE patients who developed seizures.
Journal of Child Neurology 2009, doi:10.1177/0883073808331078
A 2-year-old child presented with medically refractory seizures and was found to have a right frontoparietal parasagittal angiocentric
glioma. Depth electrodes were used to document ictal onset from within the tumor rather than from the surrounding tissues
Journal of Child Neurology 2009, doi:10.1177/0883073808331359
Ethylmalonic encephalopathy is a recently described inborn error of metabolism characterized clinically by developmental delay and regression, recurrent
petechiae, orthostatic acrocyanosis, and chronic diarrhea.
The Internet Journal of Neurology. 2009 Volume 11 Number 1
Foix-Chavany-Marie syndrome or anterior opercular syndrome was first reported by Magnus in 1837. It is also known as facio-labio-pharyngo-glosso-masticatory paralysis with automatic-voluntary dissociation.
The Internet Journal of Neurology. 2009 Volume 11 Number 1
Brain stem tuberculoma is rare entity, usually present with multiple cranial nerve palsies and long tract signs. It should be suspected in patients with space-occupying lesions of the brain stem who live in geographic areas where tuberculosis is endemic.
Iopamidol is a non ionic, water soluble contrast media, frequently used in
myelography. Iopamidol myelography is associated with a risk of seizures in non-epileptic individuals and may induce status epilepticus (SE) in epileptic patients.
The Internet Journal of Neurology. 2009 Volume 11 Number 1
Extradural Hematoma (EDH) forms 0.5% of all head injuries.1 Conventionally urgent evacuation is the accepted mode of management .2 With the routine use of Computer
Tomogram(CT) for management of head injury patients , nonoperative management is being used more often in selected patients
Patients with low-grade astrocytoma (LGA; 8 pilocytic astrocytomas, 2 subependymal giant cell
astrocytomas, 2 fibrillary astrocytomas) were selected for treatment with gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgery
(GKSRS) based on having a demarcated appearance on CT or MRI and the possibility of dose sparing of adjacent eloquent structures.
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has become a routine therapy for Parkinson's disease. Standard CT imaging, often used to evaluate DBS electrodes in patients with limited benefit or significant side effects, has limitations including inability to distinguish different metallic components of the DBS lead.
Journal of Neurological Sciences (Turkish) 2009, Volume 26, Number 1,
Page(s) 083-086
Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS) is a distinctive clinicoradiologic entity characterized by headache, altered mental function, seizures, loss of vision and predominantly posterior white matter changes on
neuroimaging.
Journal of Neurological Sciences (Turkish) 2009, Volume 26, Number 1,
Page(s) 079-082
This is the case of a 9-year old female patient who initially had been admitted in the pediatric hospital
"Agia Sofia" as a newborn, because of severe brain hypoxia, due to persistent fetal circulation. Then, at the age of 3 years, she had been managed in the same hospital, because of an episode of febrile
tonic-clonic spasms. Brain CT revealed total absence of the corpus callosum and
colpocephaly.
The pathophysiology of primary dystonia is thought to involve dysfunction of the basal ganglia cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical motor circuits. In the past, emphasis was placed on the role of the basal ganglia in controlling movements; in more recent times, however, it has also become clear that they play an important part in sensory as well as cognitive functions.
Hand movement observation activates mirror neurons, located in brain areas that are vulnerable to Alzheimer's disease. We examined the effects of hand movement observation on cognition in older persons with dementia.
Journal of Neurological Sciences (Turkish) 2009, Volume 26, Number 1,
Page(s) 026-033
Our aim is to define the electroclinical characteristics of patients with photosensitive idiopathic generalized epilepsy
(IGE) and to investigate the differences in seizure types, therapy and outcome between subgroups, based on photoparoxysmal response
(PPR)/EEG characteristics and different syndromes.
Journal of Neurological Sciences (Turkish) 2009, Volume 26, Number 1,
Page(s) 049-055
Uric acid is a natural anti-oxidant that plays a role in acute oxidative stress reactions like acute ischemic stroke. In this study, we aimed to search the relation between serum uric acid level, length of hospital stay and severity of stroke in acute stroke patients, and consequently, the prognostic value of serum uric acid level.
Spinal Cord advance online publication 24 March 2009; doi: 10.1038/sc.2009.29
A case report of a 58-year-old man who sustained a laceration of his left vertebral artery during a routine corpectomy for cervical myelopathy is reported.
Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Volume 29 Issue 4, Pages 760 - 767
To prospectively compare 0.1 mmol/kg doses of gadobenate dimeglumine and gadopentetate dimeglumine for contrast-enhanced MRI of brain lesions at 3 Tesla (T).
PEDIATRICS Vol. 123 No. 3 March 2009, pp. 1037-1044
Our goals were to compare cognitive, language, behavioral, and educational outcomes of preterm children to term controls and to evaluate the impact of neonatal brain injury,
indomethacin, and environmental risk factors on intellectual function at 12 years of age.
PEDIATRICS Vol. 123 No. 3 March 2009, pp. e534-e541
Alternating hemiplegia of childhood is a predominantly sporadic neurodevelopmental syndrome of uncertain etiology. In more than 3 decades since its description, little progress has been made in understanding its etiology or in identifying effective treatments.
Neurocritical Care 1541-6933 (Print) 10.1007/s12028-009-9211-2
Cerebral arterial gas embolism is a potentially life-threatening event. Intraarterial air can occlude blood flow directly or cause thrombosis. Sclerotherapy is an extremely rare cause of cerebral arterial gas embolism.
Child's Nervous System 0256-7040 (Print) 10.1007/s00381-009-0850-6
Various operative procedures have been described for the treatment of pediatric moyamoya disease. However, the majority of invasive or radical procedures proposed have focused primarily on revascularization and few have discussed to maximizing preservation of the already growing neovascular network.
The problem of treating patients in a vegetative state remains grossly unresolved, and spinal cord stimulation
(SCS) had seemed promising in some studies, suggesting, to us, further study.
Gait and balance problems resulting from Parkinson's disease (PD) are more common in people with PD and dementia
(PDD), yet, it is unknown whether the benefits of cueing therapy for mobility generalize to them.
The purpose of the present study was to show that the design of a neuroprosthesis for unsupported (arm-free) standing is feasible. We review findings suggesting that a closed-loop controlled functional electrical stimulation (FES) system should be able to facilitate arm-free quiet standing in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI).
In the search of new strategies to improve the quality of life of Parkinson's disease patients, recent work has reported an amelioration of Parkinsonian symptoms using Whole Body Vibration
(WBV). A double-blinded, placebo controlled design was used to evaluate the effect of a 12 WBV
sessions-programme on a number of motor and clinical tests in 23 Parkinson's disease patients.
Current Opinion in Critical Care: April 2009 - Volume 15 - Issue 2 - p 87-92
Warfarin is the most commonly used oral anticoagulant. Intracranial hemorrhage is the most serious complication of anticoagulation and the anticoagulant effect of warfarin has to be urgently reversed in this situation.
The objective of the study is to examine the comparative responsiveness of outcome measures to assess progression over time in Parkinson's disease (PD).
The aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency and to perform phenotypic and genotypic characterization of familial Parkinsonism and early onset Parkinson's disease
(EOPD) in a Brazilian movement disorder unit.
Upper and lower gastrointestinal dysautonomia symptoms (GIDS) - sialorrhea,
dysphagia, and constipation are common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and often socially as well as physically disabling for patients.
To assess the feasibility of post-mortem surveillance for subclinical variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
(vCJD) at least 5 years after neurosurgical procedures.
Acute ischemic lesions with restricted diffusion can resolve after early
recanalization. The impact of superimposed perfusion abnormalities on the fate of acute diffusion lesions is unclear.
The perfusion territories of the brain-feeding arteries are difficult to assess in vivo and therefore standard cerebral perfusion territory templates are often used to determine the relation between cerebral infarcts and the feeding vasculature.
The purpose of this study was to estimate the safety and efficacy of abciximab treatment in combination with prophylactic heparin, acetylsalicylic acid
(ASA), and clopidogrel application in cases of thrombus formation complicating endovascular coil embolization in cerebral aneurysms.
Our aim was to compare in a prospective blinded study the cognitive and mood effects of subthalamic nucleus
(STN) vs. globus pallidus interna (GPi) deep brain stimulation (DBS) in Parkinson disease.
Congenital muscular dystrophies (CMD) with reduced glycosylation of
alpha-dystroglycan ({alpha}-DG) are a heterogeneous group of conditions associated with mutations in six genes encoding proven or putative
glycosyltransferases.
It has been reported that cancer stem cells may contribute to glioma radioresistance through preferential activation of the DNA damage checkpoint response and an increase in DNA repair capacity.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder consisting of progressive loss of motor neurons. TDP-43 has been identified as a component of ubiquitin-immunoreactive inclusions of motor neurons in
ALS.
Mutations that lead to a loss of progranulin (PGRN) explain a considerable portion of the occurrence of frontotemporal lobar degeneration. We tested a biomarker allowing rapid detection of a loss of
PGRN.
The cause of ischemic stroke is undetermined in 15-40% of patients. We studied the association between frequent premature atrial contractions (PAC) and stroke of undetermined etiology.
Aging Health April 2009, Vol. 5, No. 2, Pages 193-205 , DOI 10.2217/ahe.09.9
This article summarizes the current knowledge regarding sleep apnea in stroke patients. There are two major problems with sleep apnea in stroke patients.
Early MRI, available 24 h a day and at weekends, will make a timely diagnosis in cases of cerebellar infarct and a normal initial CT scan does not exclude it.
In patients with Intracranial Hypotension Syndrome (IHS), we observed reduction of the angle between vein of the Galen
(VOG) and internal cerebral vein (ICV), which returns to the baseline after treatment.
European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 1619-7070 (Print) 10.1007/s00259-009-1101-5
Multidrug resistance, aggressiveness and accelerated choline metabolism are hallmarks of malignancy and have motivated the development of new PET tracers like 18F-FCH, an analogue of
choline.
High frequency oscillations (HFOs) called ripples (80-250 Hz) and fast ripples (FR, 250-500 Hz) can be recorded from intracerebral EEG macroelectrodes in patients with intractable epilepsy.
The idea that verbal and non-verbal forms of memory are segregated in their entirety, and localized to the left and right
hippocampi, is arguably the most influential concept in the neuropsychology of temporal lobe epilepsy, forming a cornerstone of pre-surgical decision making, and a frame for interpreting postoperative outcome.
Chronic subdural hematoma (SDH) is difficult to diagnose by clinical manifestations only. Nonspecific neurologic symptoms and signs may lead physicians to make other diagnoses.
In this study, transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to investigate motor cortical excitability changes in the peri-ictal period, in drug-naive new-onset epilepsy patients.
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration is currently associated with three syndromic variants. Disorders of speech and language figure prominently in two of the three variants, and are associated with left-sided frontotemporal atrophy.
Surgical treatment of deep-seated insular lesions causing refractory epilepsy is thought to be difficult due to the complicated accessibility and close proximity of eloquent areas.
Journal of Neuroimaging, Volume 19, Number 1, January 2009 , pp. 89-91(3)
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) can rarely be complicated by vascular and perivascular inflammation. Patients typically present with subacute cognitive decline, seizures, headaches, and hyperintensities on T2-weighted or fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI) sequences.
Child's Nervous System 0256-7040 (Print) 10.1007/s00381-009-0838-2
Malignant high-grade gliomas are the most common secondary neoplasms in children cured of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Although many predisposing factors exist (including systemic or intrathecal chemotherapy, young age, brain infiltration and genetic predispositions), cranial irradiation appears to be the strongest one.
The Northeast Cerebrovascular Consortium was established to examine regional disparities and recommend strategies to improve stroke care based on the Stroke Systems of Care Model.
A 77-year-old man, with a long history of idiopathic Parkinson's disease, was reviewed in the movement disorder clinic of the James Cook University Hospital.
Patients with epilepsy often complain of "poor memory". The first step in managing this complaint is a clinical evaluation to define and, if possible, quantify the problem.
Sustained mass depolarization of neurons, termed cortical spreading depolarization, is one electrophysiological correlate of the ischemic injury of neurons. Cortical spreading depolarizations spread in the gray matter at a rate of approximately 3 mm/min and are associated with large infraslow extracellular potential changes (<0.05 Hz).
Headaches causing early morning waking, or headaches which are more prominent on waking, always raise the suspicion of raised intracranial pressure, and hence the need for prompt evaluation to exclude the diagnosis of a brain tumour (particularly if they are associated with vomiting and
papilloedema).
Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology First Published on: 18 March 2009
To study the annual incidence and standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of cerebrovascular accident
(CVA) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
The carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity is a well-established index of aortic stiffness, and the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity
(baPWV) has recently been developed as a new method for evaluating arterial stiffness.
Although magnesium is neuroprotective in animal stroke models, no clinical benefit was confirmed in the Intravenous Magnesium Efficacy in Stroke (IMAGES) trial of acute stroke patients.
International Journal of Cardiology Volume 133, Issue 2, Pages 223-228 (3 April 2009)
Mild therapeutic hypothermia (MTH) achieved by endovascular cooling has emerged as a new treatment strategy to reduce hypoxic brain injury after cardiac arrest (CA). It remains to be established how the time interval between CA and MTH impacts the neurologic outcome.
Prognostic significance of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in intracranial hemorrhage
(ICH) is unclear. The objective of this study was to determine the association between
LDL-C and mortality in ICH.
Epidemiological studies have found strong correlations between elevated plasma fibrinogen levels and both ischemic stroke incidence and stroke mortality. Little is known about the influence of fibrinogen levels on functional stroke outcome.
The purpose of this study was to assess the dose-response relationship between vigorous physical activity (running distance, km/d) and the participant-reported physician-diagnosed stroke.
The Clinical Neuropsychologist, Volume 23, Issue 3 April 2009 , pages 373 - 384
The present study explored the diagnostic accuracy of demographically corrected norms for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition (WAIS-III) in a diverse sample of 57 patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and a matched group of 61 pseudoneurologic controls.
The Clinical Neuropsychologist, Volume 23, Issue 3 April 2009 , pages 385 - 405
Conflicting research suggests that deep brain stimulation surgery, an effective treatment for medication-refractory Parkinson's disease (PD), may lead to selective cognitive declines. We compared cognitive performance of 22 PD patients who underwent unilateral DBS to the GPi or STN to that of 19 PD controls at baseline and 12 months.
The Clinical Neuropsychologist, Volume 23, Issue 3 April 2009 , pages 510 - 522
Prior research suggests that the Iowa Gambling task is performed poorly by individuals with lesions in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex
(VMPFC). The current study investigated whether impaired performance in individuals with frontal lobe damage is determined by the existence of VMPFC lesions.
We sought to define the significance of brachial amyotrophic diplegia (flail arm syndrome [FA]) and the pseudopolyneuritic variant (flail leg syndrome [FL]) of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
(ALS; motor neuron disease).
Emerging neurodiagnostic technologies for bedside application allow earlier detection of neonatal cerebral injury, especially in critically ill infants for whom advanced neuroimaging may not be feasible.
Journal of Neurotrauma. -Not available-, ahead of print. doi:10.1089/neu.2008.0770
Little is known regarding the cerebral autoregulation in pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI). We examined the relationship between cerebral hemodynamic predictors, including cerebral
autoregulation, and long-term outcome after severe pediatric TBI.
Journal of Neurotrauma. March 2009, 26(3): 445-453. doi:10.1089/neu.2008.0648
Therapeutic hypothermia is a promising method for controlling intracranial pressure
(ICP) in severely brain-injured patients. However, clinical data regarding the effect of brain hypothermia on overall outcome of these patients is limited.
Journal of Neurotrauma. March 2009, 26(3): 455-467. doi:10.1089/neu.2008.0582
Therapeutic moderate hypothermia has been advocated for use in traumatic brain injury, stroke, cardiac arrest-induced encephalopathy, neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, hepatic encephalopathy, and spinal cord injury, and as an adjunct to aneurysm surgery.
Journal of Neurotrauma. March 2009, 26(3): 333-340. doi:10.1089/neu.2008.0604
To date, considerable attention has been focused upon the use of hypothermia as a therapeutic strategy for attenuating many of the damaging consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI).
Hereby, we will describe the neuropsychological findings, suggesting that music is a special function carried out by different and dedicated processes that are probably subserved by different anatomical regions of the brain. Moreover, we will review the evidence obtained by working with brain-damaged patients suffering from music
agnosia, a selective impairment in music recognition.
Rickettsia conorii infection is endemic in the Mediterranean basin, where it is known as Mediterranean spotted fever, also known as Boutonneuse fever and Marseilles fever.
An individual, goal-oriented cognitive rehabilitation intervention was conducted with AB, a 77-year-old woman with MCI. Outcomes were evaluated using a
client-centred measure of goal achievement and an experimental associative learning task testing a skill practised in the intervention. Pre- and post-intervention fMRI scans were compared to examine changes in brain activation.
The so-called higher level gait disorders include several types of gait disorders in which there are no major modifications in strength, tone, sensitivity, coordination and balance.
Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism advance online publication 14 January 2009;
doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.2008.165
Peripheral arteriogenesis is distinctly enhanced by increased fluid shear stress. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate in the rat brain whether increased fluid shear stress can also stimulate cerebral
arteriogenesis.
Recent whole genome association studies provided little evidence that polymorphisms at the familial Parkinsonism loci influence the risk for Parkinson's disease (PD). However, these studies are not designed to detect the types of subtle effects that common variants may impose.
Although black-blood MRI (BB-MRI) can identify plaques in the cervical carotid arteries, this modality has not been applied in intracranial arteries. We imaged the lumina and walls of stenotic middle cerebral arteries
(MCAs) in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients using high-resolution
BB-MRI, in order to characterize vulnerable plaques and to determine the diagnostic accuracy of
BB-MRI in MCA stenosis.
To examine the feasibility of and clinical experiences with goal attainment scaling when used for the evaluation of cognitive rehabilitation in people with acquired brain injury.
We determined mortality rates and predictors of survival in 238 consecutive patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) with symptom onset between 1974 and 1984.
To evaluate the effects of an exercise and education programme on primary outcomes of exercise efficacy and activity levels; and on secondary outcomes including quality of life, mood and physical disability.
Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism advance online publication 14 January 2009;
doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.2008.161
Using a focal cerebral ischemia model in rats, brain ischemia-induced changes in expression levels of mRNA and protein, and activities of proprotein convertase 2 (PC2) in the cortex were examined.
To determine the acceptability and clinical application of two recently developed goal-setting interventions (Goal Management Training and Identity Oriented Goal Training) in people with traumatic brain injury.
Bradykinesia, characterized by slowness and decreased amplitude of movement, is often considered the most important deficit in Parkinson's disease (PD).
We report a family of Algerian origin presenting an unusual, severe form of progressive myoclonus epilepsy characterized by
myoclonus, generalized tonic-clonic seizures and moderate to severe cognitive impairment, with probable autosomal recessive inheritance.
Prospective memory (PM) is the ability to carry out a planned intention at a future time. We studied PM deficits in a group of community-dwelling stroke survivors compared with normal controls.
Previous modeling studies on treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms largely disregarded detailed data on treatment risks and omitted several factors that could influence cost-effectiveness.
Homocysteine, cysteine, and cysteinyl-glycine are all metabolically interrelated.
Levodopa/decarboxylase inhibitor (LD/DCI) administration increases total homocysteine
(tHcy) plasma levels.
The aim of this systematic review was to determine whether botulinum neurotoxin
(BoNT) reduce spasticity or improve function in adult patients after stroke. Eleven double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trials met inclusion criteria.
To develop, using modern techniques of rating scale construction, a new patient reported rating scale for clinical studies of Friedreich's ataxia (FA) that strives to meet the measurement needs of different types of study.
Differences in the management of women and men with acute coronary symptoms are well documented, but relatively little is known about practices for patients with ischemic stroke.
The objective of this study is to evaluate psychiatric symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and to assess their relation with other clinical aspects of PD. Psychotic symptoms (PS) and compulsive symptoms (CS) as well as other nonmotor and motor features were evaluated in 353 PD patients.
Sixteen subjects with de novo Parkinson's disease (PD) underwent three 6-[18F]fluoro-L-dopa
(Fdopa) positron emission tomography (PET) scans during a follow-up time of 5 years (mean ± SD 5.5 ± 0.4 years) to study the progression of striatal dopaminergic
hypofunction.
It has been reported that patients with spinocerebellar degenerations (SCDs) have cognitive dysfunction as well as limb and truncal ataxia, dysarthria and
dysphagia.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the neuropsychological correlates of pathological gambling (PG) in Parkinson's disease (PD). Fifteen patients with PD affected by PG (identified based on DSM-IV criteria;
PD+PG) without clinically evident dementia were compared with 15 nondemented patients with PD not affected by PG (PD-PG).
Elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) is an important marker of neurological deterioration. The occurrence and significance of elevated ICP and low cerebral perfusion pressure
(CPP) in aggressively treated spontaneous intraventricular hemorrhage
(IVH) are not defined
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) growth predicts mortality and functional outcome. We hypothesized that irregular hematoma shape and density heterogeneity, reflecting active, multifocal bleeding or a variable bleeding time course, would predict ICH growth.
Current Opinion in Neurology: April 2009 - Volume 22 - Issue 2 - p 144-149
In recent years, there has been an explosion of genetic research in epilepsy, including a search for genetic markers of adverse reactions to antiepileptic drugs.
Current Opinion in Neurology: April 2009 - Volume 22 - Issue 2 - p 157-161
This review discusses data on the pharmacokinetics of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in pregnancy and lactation, and the clinical consequences thereof, thus providing a basis for a rational management of AEDs during pregnancy and lactation.
Current Opinion in Neurology: April 2009 - Volume 22 - Issue 2 - p 162-166
The last two decades have witnessed a growing concern over the treatment of epilepsy in women of childbearing age, with an increased risk of major congenital malformations and possible cognitive difficulties associated with certain antiepileptic drugs.
Current Opinion in Neurology: April 2009 - Volume 22 - Issue 2 - p 179-184
Purpose of review: Neuroimaging research continues apace and is being applied to further understanding of the epilepsies, and improve clinical management.
Current Opinion in Neurology: April 2009 - Volume 22 - Issue 2 - p 174-178
Purpose of review: For many years, it has been accepted that suicide may be more common in people with epilepsy. Recent studies have investigated risk factors.
Current Opinion in Neurology: April 2009 - Volume 22 - Issue 2 - p 167-173
Purpose of review: This review discusses the interpretation of regulatory randomized controlled trials of antiepileptic drugs. An ever increasing number of drugs have been licensed, more so for add-on treatment than for
monotherapy.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 23, Issue 2 April 2009 , pages 188 - 192
Cerebral vasospasm is the major cause of delayed ischemia in patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage
(SAH). The Fisher grading scale has been used to predict patients in risk of developing vasospasm.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 23, Issue 2 April 2009 , pages 147 - 157
Decompressive Craniectomy (DC) continues to be widely practiced but remains controversial. The procedure has its origins thousands of years ago, with early trepanation performed for a range of medical and religious reasons.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 23, Issue 2 April 2009 , pages 162 - 164
Motorcycles represent less than 2% of the licensed vehicles but motorcyclists account for 12% of road deaths in Ireland. The British Road Safety Authority has introduced the Sharp
programme, which hopes to save 50 lives in the U.K. each year alone by helping riders to choose the best-fitting and safest helmets.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 23, Issue 2 April 2009 , pages 170 - 178
The aim of this study is to analyse the efficacy of linear accelerator stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) on prognostic factors, local control rate and survival in patients with brain metastasis.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 23, Issue 2 April 2009 , pages 206 - 208
The authors present the case of a 62-year-old woman with rapid enlargement of a meningioma following radiosurgery (RS). Previous slow growth of the tumor over a 3-year period and the radiological signs of benign meningioma had been confirmed by successive MR scans.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 23, Issue 2 April 2009 , pages 111 - 135
This meeting is being held on 22-24th April at the Millenium Point Conference Centre, Birmingham and is hosted by the Queen Elizabeth Neuroscience Centre, Birmingham.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 23, Issue 2 April 2009 , pages 209 - 210
Computerized tomography(CT) angiography is a reliable alternative to digital subtraction angiography for the detection of aneurysms. The authors report an aneurysm of anterior temporal
artery(ATA) misinterpreted as being in the bifurcation of middle cerebral
artery(MCA) treated by aneurysm excision followed by primary
anastomosis.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 23, Issue 2 April 2009 , pages 211 - 212
We report a case of a 22-year-old man presenting with a fourth ventricular tumour and associated chronic obstructive hydrocephalus likely leading to thinning of the cranium.
Intraoperatively, he developed an epidural hematoma secondary to a fracture of the temporal bone by application of the three-point skull
fixator.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 23, Issue 2 April 2009 , pages 193 - 196
The authors describe a novel 4-month clinical placement in neurosciences intensive care medicine
(NICM) undertaken in the first specialty registrar (ST1) year of neurosurgical training as part of a clinical neurosciences themed training year.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 23, Issue 2 April 2009 , pages 197 - 198
The conjunction of a glioma with an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is exceptionally rare. We report the case of a malignant pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma located on the vicinity of an untreated AVM that was removed without interference with the AVM.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 23, Issue 2 April 2009 , pages 184 - 187
Commercial airline passengers are subject to numerous medical risks while in transit. Seventeen long-haul airline companies were questioned concerning fitness to travel and the case of a patient wishing to travel post craniotomy.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 23, Issue 2 April 2009 , pages 158 - 161
Neurosurgical registrars are frequently called upon by A&E staff and physicians to interpret emergency head CT (computed tomography) scans out of hours.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 23, Issue 2 April 2009 , pages 213 - 215
We report the case of a 78-year-old man with chronic subdural haematoma (CSDH) who presented with impairment in recent memory and gait disturbance. He underwent burr-hole craniostomy with a closed-drainage system.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 23, Issue 2 April 2009 , pages 203 - 205
Intracranial tuberculoma represents the most common mass lesion in
neurotuberculosis. We report an unusual case of tuberculoma with haemorrhage presenting clinically as a cerebellar
haemorrhage.
To analyse the association between individual initial computerized tomography (CT) scan characteristics and Glasgow Outcome Scale
(GOS) and Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOSE) improvement between 6 months and 1 year.
As their differential needs are unknown and to inform service planning, this study (a) examined experiences of caring for adults with acquired brain injury
(ABI) and (b) compared these with carers of adults with dementia.
To determine relationships among spiritual beliefs, religious practises, congregational support and health for individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI).
To determine if perceived level of social support and number of depressive symptoms differentiates those who are satisfied with their time use post-stroke from those who are dissatisfied.
To determine outcomes for persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI) in terms of employment status, income and public assistance received at 2 years after injury.
Epilepsy in older people is a common problem. It is estimated that in Europe there are 85 000 new cases of epilepsy annually in those over 65 years old, equivalent to an incidence of 100 per 100 000.
We aimed to determine the type, frequency, and size of microchromosomal copy number variations
(CNVs) affecting the neuronal sodium channel - 1 subunit gene (SCN1A) in Dravet syndrome (DS), other epileptic
encephalopathies, and generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus
(GEFS+).
We have carried out a case-control survey of the prevalence of restless legs syndrome
(RLS) in 118 Parkinson’s disease out-patients with different stage of disease severity by using the International restless legs syndrome Study Group clinical criteria.
The Journal of Headache and Pain 1129-2369 (Print) 10.1007/s10194-009-0104-8
The coexistence of different types of trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias is a rare phenomenon. The two different types of headache may occur either at two different periods or simultaneously at the same time.
Desmoplastic infantile gangliogliomas (DIG) are uncommon supratentorial brain tumors with a usually good prognosis despite an aggressive radiological appearance that typically occurs in infants below the age of 24 months.
In a photosensitive patient intermittent photic stimulation (IPS) accidentally provoked a generalized
tonic-clonic seizure during simultaneous recordings of electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging
(fMRI).
High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 4 Tesla depicts details of the internal structure of the hippocampus not visible at 1.5 Tesla, and so allows for in vivo parcellation of different hippocampal subfields.
We describe herein a girl who has had startle-induced seizures since she was 3 years old. These seizures were refractory to antiepileptic medications and worsened when the patient was 9 years old, following termination of phenytoin administration because of adverse effects.
Personality traits characterized by emotional instability and immaturity, unsteadiness, lack of discipline, hedonism, frequent and rapid mood changes, and indifference toward one's disease have been associated with patients who have juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
(JME).
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neopterin production is increased by interferon-gamma stimulation and appears to act as a marker of intrathecal immune activation. We aimed to test the usefulness of elevated CSF neopterin as a biological marker of central nervous system (CNS) inflammation.
Dedicated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol can diagnose epileptogenic abnormalities in patients with intractable epilepsy. However, it is not sufficiently sensitive to detect small calcified lesions that may result from infections, tumors, or vascular malformations.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) increases the risk of dementia in the elderly. However, its underlying mechanisms, its connection with Alzheimer disease and vascular cognitive impairment, and effects of therapy remain unclear.
Journal of Psychophysiology Volume 22, Number 4 / 2008 195-201
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurogenetic disorder accompanied by structural alterations of the basal ganglia. In a recent study we investigated auditory processing in symptomatic and presymptomatic HD.
Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology: March 2009 - Volume 31 - Issue 3 - pp 215-219
The occurrence of pediatric cancer in children born from assisted reproductive technologies has been sporadically reported. Chromosomal characterization of the neoplasic disease in this setting is poorly described.
Epilepsy is a condition in which consistency of treatment is paramount to successful management and for most patients, effective seizure control can be achieved.
Two small studies reported suboptimal therapy adherence in Parkinson's disease. We conducted a larger multicenter European study to assess medicine-taking behavior.
Despite early diagnosis of traumatic epidural hematomas (EDHs) in children, mortality remained quite high in recent series. The aims of this analysis were to review the cause and outcome of pediatric EDH nowadays and to discuss outcome-related variables in a large consecutive series of surgically treated EDH in children.
Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism advance online publication 25 February 2009;
doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.2009.13
Ischemic postconditioning initially referred to a stuttering reperfusion performed immediately after reperfusion, for preventing ischemia/reperfusion injury in both myocardial and cerebral infarction.
Journal of Neuroimaging, Volume 19, Number 1, January 2009 , pp. 37-46(10)
Total intracranial volume (TIV) as a measure of premorbid brain size is often used to correct volumes of interest for interindividual differences in magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI) studies.
Journal of Neuroimaging, Volume 19, Number 1, January 2009 , pp. 9-12(4)
We evaluated spectroscopy findings at the deep white matter in Machado-Joseph disease
(MJD). We obtained brain MRI and single-voxel proton MR spectroscopy
(MRS) over the superior-posterior region of the left hemisphere at the level of the corpus callosum in 40 patients (44.6 ± 2.3 years-old) and 27 controls (31.4 ± 3.6 years).
The studies of duodenal infusion of a levodopa on small groups of parkinsonian patients have reported beneficial effects on motor complications. However, little is known about the patient profile and indications for duodenal levodopa infusion.
Journal of Neuroimaging, Volume 19, Number 1, January 2009 , pp. 13-18(6)
Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is the most common cerebral injury in premature infants. While cranial ultrasonography and conventional magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI) offer little for its early diagnosis, still they are much favored at present.
The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care:Volume 66(3)March 2009pp 942-950
Trauma and emergency department clinicians encounter a growing number of patients admitted with traumatic head injury on prehospital antithrombotic therapies. These patients appear to be at increased risk of developing life-threatening intracranial hemorrhage.
The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care:Volume 66(3)March 2009pp 954-958
Haloperidol, which is commonly used to treat agitation in critically ill patients, has been associated with the development of neuroleptic malignant syndrome
(NMS). The purpose of this manuscript was to review the literature describing NMS and haloperidol use in patients sustaining a traumatic brain injury (TBI) since these patients may be at greater risk for
NMS.
Journal of Neuroimaging, Volume 19, Number 1, January 2009 , pp. 65-67(3)
The double origin of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) is a variant anastomosis of a residual lateral spinal artery and native intracranial PICA that has been associated with intracranial aneurysm formation.
Despite the beneficial effects of Globus Pallidus internus (GPi) deep brain stimulation (DBS) in patients with primary generalized dystonia
(PGD), the degree of improvement varies from one patient to another.
Journal of Neuroimaging, Volume 19, Number 1, January 2009 , pp. 61-64(4)
Mechanical maneuvers are being utilized more frequently to treat large artery occlusion responsible for acute ischemic stroke. Vasospasm due to vessel irritation during interventions may represent an etiology of poor recanalization in some patients.
Journal of Neuroimaging, Volume 19, Number 1, January 2009 , pp. 23-26(4)
Flow diversion (FD) has been considered as indirect evidence of intracranial artery occlusion, and it was associated with early improvement in patients with MCA occlusion.
Journal of Intensive Care Medicine, Vol. 24, No. 2, 96-107 (2009)
Head injury remains a major cause of preventable death and serious morbidity in young adults. Based on the available evidence, it appears that a cerebral perfusion pressure of 50 to 70 mm Hg is generally adequate to ensure cerebral oxygen delivery and prevent ischemia.
Data on the prevalence and severity of cognitive impairment among patients with newly diagnosed idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) is limited. Using a prospectively collected clinical database, we studied the longitudinal trend of mini-mental state examination
(MMSE) change and baseline factors predictive for MMSE decline.
Journal of Neuroimaging, Volume 19, Number 1, January 2009 , pp. 19-22(4)
Statins have been shown to have lipid-independent (pleiotropic) effects that may be beneficial in the management of vascular disease. We evaluated the effect of premorbid statin use on recanalization in patients with acute ischemic stroke undergoing endovascular treatment.
Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics April 2009 Volume 3, Number 4
Infants with severe traumatic brain injury represent a therapeutic challenge. The internal absence of open space within the infant cranial vault makes volume increases poorly tolerated. This report presents 7 cases of decompressive craniectomy in infants with cerebral edema.
Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics April 2009 Volume 3, Number 4
Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas constitute ~ 60-75% of tumors found within the pediatric brainstem. These malignant lesions present with rapidly progressive symptoms such as cranial nerve, long tract, or cerebellar dysfunctions.
Purkinje cells can encode the strength of parallel fiber inputs in their firing by using 2 fundamentally different mechanisms, either as pauses or as linear increases in firing rate.
A consecutive cohort of children, including full-term newborns to those younger than 18 years of age with
nontraumatic, acute ICH and head CT available for analysis were studied.
Neurology India Year : 2009 Volume : 57 Issue : 1 Page : 41-45
Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy (UCMD) is a unique congenital disorder characterized clinically by generalized muscle weakness, contractures of the proximal joints and hyperextensibility of the distal joints and begins from birth or early infancy.
Neurology India Year : 2009 Volume : 57 Issue : 1 Page : 69-72
The authors report two cases of hypoglycemic coma in which both diffusion-weighted imaging
(DWI) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) were used. A 74-year-old woman (case 1) presented with deep coma associated with hypoglycemia (blood glucose level: 20 mg/dl), and DWI on admission revealed extensive hyperintensity lesions.
Neurology India Year : 2009 Volume : 57 Issue : 1 Page : 104-105
Hot cross bun sign refers to the cruciform-shaped hyperintensity on T2W axial magnetic resonance images
(MRI) in multisystem atrophy due to the selective loss of myelinated transverse pontocerebellar fibers and neurons in the pontine raphe and sparing of the pontine tegmentum and corticospinal tracts.
Neurology India Year : 2009 Volume : 57 Issue : 1 Page : 58-60
Frontotemporal dementia is an important neurodegenerative disorder accounting for a significant proportion of dementia cases with onset before 60 years of age.
Neurology India Year : 2009 Volume : 57 Issue : 1 Page : 20-27
Thrombolytic stroke therapy is based on the "re-canalization hypothesis," i.e., that reopening of occluded vessels improves clinical outcome in acute ischemic stroke through regional reperfusion and salvage of threatened tissues.
Neurology India Year : 2009 Volume : 57 Issue : 1 Page : 79-81
An elderly male was evaluated for subarachnoid hemorrhage and found to have a persistent primitive hypoglossal artery with its associated abnormal posterior fossa circulation and a lower basilar artery aneurysm.
Neurology India Year : 2009 Volume : 57 Issue : 1 Page : 96-97
We report a case of a 46-year-old lady who presented with 15 × 15cm swelling in the left gluteal region with radiating pain, weakness in her left lower limb, diminished perianal sensations and absent ankle jerks.
Neurology India Year : 2009 Volume : 57 Issue : 1 Page : 92-94
Choroidal melanoma is the most frequent primary intraocular malignant tumor in adults. Brain metastasis from malignant melanoma of choroid is very rare and is usually noted concomitant with liver metastasis.
Neurology India Year : 2009 Volume : 57 Issue : 1 Page : 100-101
A two-year-old baby was reffered to pediatric clinic for decreased appetite, pharyngeal congestion and lethargy. The pediatrician made a diagnosis of
pharyngitis.
Neurology India Year : 2009 Volume : 57 Issue : 1 Page : 4-6
This review traces the evolution of epilepsy surgery in India from the beginning to the present state. During the last one and half decades, surgical treatment of epilepsies has made resurgence in this country and at present a few centers have very active and sustained epilepsy surgery programs.
Neurology India Year : 2009 Volume : 57 Issue : 1 Page : 73-75
We report a 57-year-old man who presented one month after sustaining a traumatic right temporal intracerebral hematoma with history of headache, left hemiparesis and altered sensorium of two days duration.
Persons with aphasia vary greatly with regard to clinical profile; yet, they all share one common feature - anomia - an impairment in naming common objects.
Epilepsy is a condition in which consistency of treatment is paramount to successful management and for most patients, effective seizure control can be achieved.
Neurocritical Care 1541-6933 (Print) 10.1007/s12028-009-9203-2
To identify prognostic factors for vasospasm, hydrocephalus, and clinical outcomes in patients with angiographically negative, non-traumatic, diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage
(d-SAH).
Neurocritical Care 1541-6933 (Print) 10.1007/s12028-009-9202-3
Cerebral arterial gas embolism is a potentially life-threatening event. Intraarterial air can occlude blood flow directly or cause thrombosis. Sclerotherapy is an extremely rare cause of cerebral arterial gas embolism.
European Journal of Anaesthesiology: April 2009 - Volume 26 - Issue 4 - p 304-310
Neuraxial anaesthesia has been shown to produce a sedative and
anaesthetic-sparing effect. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of acute spinal cord injury on sevoflurane requirement and stress hormone responses during spinal surgery at the level of the injury.
Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, 13 March 2009 doi:10.1016/j.tips.2009.01.005
Few cell types are more adapted for cell-cell signaling than neurons. Their responsiveness lies in the formation of highly specialized compartments composed of unique repertoires of selectively distributed protein complexes generated, in part, by the local translation of mRNAs and regulated by their RNA-binding proteins.
Journal of Neuro-Oncology 0167-594X (Print) 10.1007/s11060-009-9825-4
Depression is a common complication/co-morbidity in patients with brain tumors. Better understanding of the relationships between brain tumors and depression should lead to improvement in patient care.
Southern Medical Journal:Volume 102(3)March 2009pp 310-311
Tetracyclines are a commonly prescribed medication for the treatment of acne vulgaris that are associated with pseudotumor cerebri
(PTC). With doxycycline specifically, however, the incidence of PTC is very rare.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 9 March 2009. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2009.172825
PET and SPECT scanning have 87%-94% sensitivity and 80%-100% specificity to differentiate patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) from control subjects and patients with essential (ET) or atypical tremor. More than 10% of patients diagnosed as early PD can have scans without evidence of dopaminergic deficiency
(SWEDDs). We investigated whether smell tests can help identify possible cases with
SWEDDs.
Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol 27, No 8 (March 10), 2009: pp. 1275-1279
The aim of the present study was to evaluate factors predicting the recurrence pattern after the administration of temozolomide
(TMZ), initially concurrent with radiotherapy (RT) and subsequently as maintenance therapy, which has become standard treatment for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma
(GBM).
Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol 27, No 8 (March 10), 2009: pp. 1268-1274
Approximately 50% of glioblastomas (GBMs) are characterized by overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor
(EGFR) and EGFR gene amplification. In approximately 25% of instances, constitutively activated EGFR mutants are present. These observations make
EGFR-inhibiting drugs a logical approach for trials in recurrent
GBM.
Journal of Neurotrauma. ahead of print. doi:10.1089/neu.2008.0678
In this article, the role of hypothermia and neuroprotection for neonatal encephalopathy will be discussed. The incidence of encephalopathy due to hypoxia ischemia as well as the pathophysiology will be presented.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 9 March 2009. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.163295
Loss of employment contributes significantly to the burden of stroke on individuals and society. There is limited information on factors influencing return to work after stroke.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 8 March 2009. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.167924
Prompt assessment, investigation and early initiation of secondary prevention after TIA are effective in reducing recurrent stroke. Despite this many patients are slow to seek medical advice.
Phytotherapy Research Published Online: 12 Mar 2009
Piperine, the active principle of piper species, is commonly used as a spice and adjuvant in various traditional systems of medicine. It has been known as a bioavailability-enhancer.
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by mutant huntingtin protein containing an expanded polyglutamine tract, which may cause abnormal protein-protein interactions such as increased association with calmodulin
(CaM).
Thrombosis and Haemostasis 2009 20090311PrePrint Online: TH First 11th Mar 2009
Few studies have examined the relationship between inflammatory biomarker blood levels, cardioembolic stroke subtype and neurological deficit. So the aim of our study is to evaluate plasma levels of
immuno-inflammatory variables in patients with cardio- embolic acute ischaemic stroke compared to other diagnostic subtypes and to evaluate the relationship between
immuno- inflammatory variables, acute neurological deficit and brain infarct volume.
Recent work demonstrated that application of peripheral nerve and cortical stimulation independently can induce modest improvements in motor performance in patients with stroke.
Annual Review of Medicine Vol. 60: 55-68 (Volume publication date February 2009)
Recent evidence indicates that the brain can remodel after stroke, primarily through
synaptogenesis. Task-specific and repetitive exercise appear to be key factors in promoting synaptogenesis and are central elements in rehabilitation of motor weakness following stroke.
Annual Review of Medicine Vol. 60: 39-54 (Volume publication date February 2009)
The unique biochemical profile of homocysteine is characterized by chemical reactivity supporting a wide range of molecular effects and by a tendency to promote oxidant stress-induced cellular toxicity.
We examined the impact of hyperglycemia on ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke incidence comparing criteria based on fasting plasma glucose
(FPG) and 2-hour plasma glucose (2-hour PG).
This study evaluated the economic implications of results obtained by the Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels
(SPARCL) trial.
Seizure patients are frequently encountered in the prehospital environment and have the potential to need advanced interventions, though the utility of advanced life support
(ALS) interventions in many of these patients has not been proven.
During a police chase on foot, a previously well police officer was hit mistakenly by a taser shot meant for the suspect. The taser gun had been fired once, sending 2 barbed darts into his upper back and
occiput.
Predictors for perinatal arterial ischemic stroke include both maternal and intrapartum factors, but predictors of perinatal hemorrhagic stroke have not been studied.
The purpose of the study is to describe our experience in eight cases of horizontal stenting across the circle of Willis in patients with terminal aneurysms.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 15 January 2009. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.164475
Studying stroke rates in a whole community is a rational way to assess the quality of patient care and primary prevention. However, there are few studies of trends in stroke rates worldwide and none in Brazil.
Journal of Child Neurology 2009, doi:10.1177/0883073808331079
Epilepsy surgery has been proposed as a safe alternative treatment for intractable epilepsy in children, especially for patients with structural brain abnormalities. We studied 24 consecutive children who underwent surgery for intractable epilepsy.
American Journal of Neuroradiology
DOI 10.3174/ajnr.A1402
Volumetric analysis of structural MR images of the brain may provide quantitative evidence of neurodegeneration and help identify patients at risk for rapid clinical deterioration.
External validation of the Framingham stroke risk function has been rarely performed. We assessed its predictive ability in a population-based cohort of French elderly.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 25 February 2009. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.168211
To present the incidence of Parkinson’s disease (PD) in Norway and to explore gender influences on incidence and age at onset, as well as severity and pattern of parkinsonism at time of diagnosis in a representative
drug-naïve cohort with newly diagnosed PD.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 23 February 2009. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.166603
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of poststroke dementia on longterm survival after acute stroke, focusing also on the possible influence of prestroke cognitive decline and previous stroke.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 22 February 2009. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.159558
To determine how intraoperative microelectrode recordings (MER) and intraoperative lead placement influence symptoms and also whether target location
(subthalamic nucleus (STN) or globus pallidus interna (GPi)) was important.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 9 February 2009. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.166041
Diminished ability to perceive one’s own impairments, whether cognitive or social, is common in dementia, in particular frontotemporal dementia
(FTD), where "lack of insight" is listed as a core diagnostic feature. Yet, there is no currently accepted method for measuring insight in dementia.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 10 April 2008. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2007.126219
Despite the clinical success of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD), little is known about the electrical spread of the stimulation.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 11 February 2009. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.166629
To evaluate the presence and nature of patterns of coherency among the motor and non-motor domains in Parkinson's disease (PD) and to examine which clinical parameters are related to the potential patterns.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 22 February 2009. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.169078
Delirium is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterised by severe cognitive impairment, but its specific neuropsychological profile has not yet been clearly delineated. Psychiatric symptoms of perceptual disturbance, such as hallucinations, illusions and misperceptions, are also common in delirium, suggesting that patients may have deficits in the cognitive systems underlying visual perception.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 9 February 2009. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.154633
Global age-related white matter changes (ARWMC) are associated with progressive gait disturbances and falls hypothesized to result from interruptions of cortico-subcortical circuits controlling balance, posture and locomotion.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 24 February 2009. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.148221
Previously coeliac disease (CD) and gluten sensitivity (defined as the presence of
anti-gliadin antibodies and positive immunogenetics) has been associated with cerebellar degeneration and epilepsy with occipital calcifications. Hippocampal sclerosis (HS) in temporal lobe epilepsy
(TLE) is a potentially progressive disorder with unknown
aetiology, and autoimmunity has been implicated in TLE+HS as one of the possible mechanism leading to HS.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 9 February 2009. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.151605
{beta}-fluoroethyl acetate (FEA), a derivative of sodium fluoroacetate (Compound 1080, FA), is one of the high-potency toxic chemicals, and it has been used against rats and wild animals. Human casualties from FA or FEA poisoning, accidental or suicidal, have been reported.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 22 February 2009. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.154104
Recurrent strokes and functional decline are predicted by age related white matter changes
(ARWMC). Whether they are associated with long term survival among hospital patients referred for acute stroke is not known.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 22 February 2009. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.162594
To examine the association between the presence of arrhythmia in type 1 myotonic dystrophy (DM1) and clinical-genetic variables, evaluating their role as predictors of the arrhythmic risk.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 25 February 2009. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.162966
Previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of a paging system,
Neuropage®, in compensating for memory and planning dysfunctions among people with acquired brain injury
(ABI, mainly stroke and traumatic brain injury). We here investigated the degree to which this efficacy is accompanied by a reduced experience of strain among their
carers.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 9 February 2009. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.154948
Stereotactic thermocoagulative lesions of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) have been shown to induce significant motor improvement in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). We report 89 PD patient treated with unilateral
subthalamotomy.
Medical Hypotheses Received 10 October 2008; accepted 14 October 2008. published online 09 March 2009
Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury is an important cause of neonatal mortality and subsequent serious neurological sequel. In neonatal brain the severity of hypoxic injury varies most probably due to the effects of multiple protective or deleterious factors.
The approach to epilepsy care has transformed in the last 30 years, with more and better anti-epileptic medications, improved cerebral imaging and increased surgical options.
Cognitive dysfunction occurs in 9% to 23% of patients during the first month after carotid endarterectomy
(CEA). A 4-basepair (AAAT) tandem repeat polymorphism (either 3 or 4 repeats) has been described in the promoter region of inducible nitric oxide synthase
(iNOS), a gene with complex roles in ischemic injury and preconditioning against ischemic injury
Coiling is increasingly used as treatment for intracranial aneurysms. Despite its favorable short-term outcome, concerns exist about long-term reopening and inherent risk of recurrent subarachnoid hemorrhage
(SAH).
Unenhanced head CT has become the first line imaging study in the evaluation of suspected acute cerebral ischemia. It is important to identify subtle findings of acute ischemia on this exam to direct appropriate patient management.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 3 March 2009. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.154146
To determine the relation of amyloid and tau pathology in the hippocampal formation to decline in memory and other cognitive functions in
Alzheimer's disease (AD).
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 11 February 2009. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.160440
In cerebral small vessel disease, white-matter hyperintensities (WMH) and lacunes are both related to cognition. Still, their respective contribution in the elderly remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to assess the topographic distribution of lacunes and determine whether it has an impact on cognitive functions in a sample of non-disabled patients with age-related white matter changes.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 18 February 2009. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.163873
Recent findings suggest that behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bv-FTD) patients differ in their disease progression (progressive vs. non-progressive patients). The current study investigates whether the two groups can be discriminated by their clinical features at first presentation.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 22 February 2009. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2007.142786
The striatum, and its projections, are thought to be the earliest sites of Huntington’s disease (HD) pathology. This study aimed to investigate progression of striatal pathology in symptomatic HD using diffusion tensor imaging.
Progressive perihematomal cell death over 3 to 4 days has been described after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage
(ICH). We investigated whether progressive perihematomal damage occurs in human subjects by measuring relative changes in regional cerebral glucose metabolism with 18F-fluorordeoxyglucose
(FDG) positron emission tomography at multiple time points during the first week after
ICH.
Low cholesterol level is known to be associated with increased cerebral hemorrhage. However, the associations of hemorrhagic transformation
(HTf) after acute ischemic stroke and the low levels of total cholesterol
(TC) or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) are largely undiscovered.
Blood-brain barrier dysfunction may be an early phenomenon in the development of the small vessel disease, which underlies white matter lesions. Because vitamin B12 plays a role in maintaining the integrity of the blood-brain barrier, we studied serum vitamin B12 level in relation to such lesions.
Uncontrolled studies have shown that statins can improve cerebral vasoreactivity
(CVR) in patients with mild small vessel disease. We sought to determine whether high-dose atorvastatin increases CVR compared with placebo in patients with severe small vessel disease.
Hyperglycemia strongly predicts poor outcome in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, but the effect of hyperglycemia management on outcome is unclear.
Of few prospective studies that have focused on the relationship between fibrinogen and ischemic stroke (IS) in Asian populations, the findings were inconsistent with those conducted in Western countries.
A 16-year-old girl presented with abnormal behavior and involuntary movements. Neurologic examination demonstrated
Kayser-Fleischer rings, chorea, and dystonia.
To determine the reaction of neurology practitioners to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) alert concerning suicidality (suicidal ideation or behavior) and antiepileptic drugs.
To investigate the added value of hippocampal atrophy rates over whole brain volume measurements on MRI in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD), patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and controls.
High-frequency oscillations (HFOs) can be recorded in epileptic patients with clinical intracranial EEG. HFOs have been associated with seizure genesis because they occur in the seizure focus and during seizure onset.
Spinal Cord advance online publication 17 March 2009; doi: 10.1038/sc.2009.20
To compare relative body fatness (%Fat) estimates from field methods (skinfold thickness measurement
(SKF) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)) with measures by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
(DXA).
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:444-447
Several studies have reported that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a non-invasive method of
neuromodulation, enhances some aspects of working memory in healthy and Parkinson disease subjects.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:423-425; doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.147223
A longstanding literature suggests an association between essential tremor (ET) and
Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the risk of incident PD has not been quantified in cases of ET compared with controls.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:437-439; doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.147918
A considerable proportion of patients discontinue dipyridamole therapy because of headache. Risk indicators for the development of dipyridamole induced headache were identified by means of an exploratory analysis of data from the European/Australasian Stroke Prevention in Reversible Ischaemia Trial (ESPRIT) and the Second European Stroke Prevention Study
(ESPS 2).
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:440-443; doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.154807
Hereditary spastic paraparesis (HPS) linked to mutations in the spastin gene (SPG4) is considered to be a pure form of spastic hereditary
paraparesis. However, in this disease also other signs of central nervous system involvement are frequently found.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:432-436; doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.153148
The progression of white-matter changes in a case of posterior cortical atrophy
(PCA) was examined over a period of 15 months using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and the association with neuropsychological variables was studied.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:429-431; doi:10.1136/jnnp.2007.142349
It is debatable as to whether the spontaneous blood-oxygen-level dependent fluctuations that are observed in the resting brain in turn reflect consciously directed mental activity or, alternatively, constitute an intrinsic property of functional brain organisation persisting in the absence of consciousness.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:371-375
With improvements in stroke treatments, the number of patients with dramatic recovery is increasing. However, many of them are still complaining of difficulties in returning to work and every day activities.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:412-416
Anti-Hu antibodies (Hu-Ab) and anti-CV2/CRMP5 antibodies (CV2/CRMP5-Ab) have been identified in association with paraneoplastic neurological disorders. However, it is not clear whether these antibodies are associated with specific neurological symptoms or are only markers of anti-cancer immune reaction.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:376-379
Posterior fossa brain arteriovenous malformations (PFbAVMs) are rare lesions. Management is complicated by eloquence of adjacent neurological structures, multimodality treatment is often necessary, and obliteration is not always possible. We describe a 15-year experience in the management of posterior fossa brain AVMs with a focus on clinical outcome.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:417-422
The corticospinal tract features a largely exposed course through the brainstem, and is therefore at risk in many brainstem-related procedures. No large case series on motor-evoked potential
(MEP) monitoring during brainstem surgery have been reported as yet.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:380-385
While spasticity is commonly treated with oral agents or botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injection, these treatments have not been systematically compared.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:404-407
A series of patients with anti-Hu-associated brainstem encephalitis is reviewed to better define the clinical presentation and to improve its recognition.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:408-411
The spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are clinically and genetically heterogeneous. Currently, 27 forms are known, with the causative gene identified in 16.
The Lancet Neurology, Volume 8, Issue 4, Pages 355 - 369, April 2009
This systematic review of population-based studies of the incidence and early (21 days to 1 month) case fatality of stroke is based on studies published from 1970 to 2008.
The Lancet Neurology, Volume 8, Issue 4, Pages 370 - 381, April 2009
Paroxysmal losses of consciousness and other episodic neurological symptoms have many causes. Distinguishing epileptic from non-epileptic disorders is fundamental to diagnosis, but even this basic dichotomy is often challenging and is certainly not new.
The Lancet Neurology, Volume 8, Issue 4, Pages 398 - 412, April 2009
Neuroprotection and brain repair in patients after acute brain damage are still major unfulfilled medical needs. Pharmacological treatments are either ineffective or confounded by adverse effects.
The Lancet Neurology, Volume 8, Issue 4, Pages 306 - 307, April 2009
To be effective, global and regional strategies to reduce the incidence and prevalence of stroke require an understanding of the frequency and determinants of stroke in diverse geographical locations and different ethnic groups.
The Lancet Neurology, Volume 8, Issue 4, Pages 382 - 397, April 2009
Parkinson's disease is characterised by a slow and progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia
nigra. Despite intensive research, the cause of the neuronal loss in Parkinson's disease is poorly understood.
The Lancet Neurology, Volume 8, Issue 4, Pages 303 - 304, April 2009
Hemicraniectomy for large hemispheric infarction can be thought of as a radical, life-saving measure, but there is continuing debate about its appropriateness.
The Lancet Neurology, Volume 8, Issue 4, Pages 308 - 309, April 2009
The global burden of stroke is immense; stroke is now the second most common cause of death and the seventh leading cause of disability-adjusted life years
(DALYs).
The Lancet Neurology, Volume 8, Issue 4, Pages 326 - 333, April 2009
Patients with space-occupying hemispheric infarctions have a poor prognosis, with case fatality rates of up to 80%. In a pooled analysis of randomised trials, surgical decompression within 48 h of stroke onset reduced case fatality and improved functional outcome; however, the effect of surgery after longer intervals is unknown.
The Lancet Neurology, Volume 8, Issue 4, Pages 334 - 344, April 2009
The propagation of prions, the causative agents of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and other human prion diseases, requires post-translational conversion of normal cellular prion protein to disease-associated forms.
The Lancet Neurology, Volume 8, Issue 4, Pages 345 - 354, April 2009
Recent improvements in the monitoring and modelling of stroke have led to more reliable estimates of stroke mortality and burden worldwide. However, little is known about the global distribution of stroke and its relations to the prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors and sociodemographic and economic characteristics.
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