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Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology Published Online: 3 Feb 2009
Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy
(CADASIL) is caused by mutations in the Notch3 gene on chromosome 19. The condition manifests itself clinically typically in the third to fifth decade with migraine and recurrent episodes of stroke or transient ischaemic attacks.
Black-white disparities in stroke mortality are well documented, but few recent studies have examined racial/ethnic disparities in stroke hospitalizations among young adults. We analyzed recent (2001-2006) trends in stroke hospitalizations and hospital case-fatality for black, Hispanic, and white adults aged 25-49 years in Florida.
A recent study reported that mutations in a gene on chromosome 2q36-37, GIGYF2, result in Parkinson disease (PD). We have previously reported linkage to this chromosomal region in a sample of multiplex PD families, with the strongest evidence of linkage obtained using the subset of the sample having the strongest family history of disease and meeting the strictest diagnostic criteria.
There are no published MRI studies comparing interferon beta 1b (IFN{beta}-1b) and glatiramer acetate (GA) for treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS).
To determine the efficacy of models employing the classification of severity of injury, based on either GCS scores or clinical findings using standardized test scores for Occupational Therapy, Physiotherapy and Psychology in predicting outcomes associated with paediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI).
The purpose of this study is to compare the variability of PCT results obtained by automatic selection of the arterial input function
(AIF), venous output function (VOF) and symmetry axis versus manual selection.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 11 March 2009. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2009.172098
There have been few population-based studies on stroke risk factors and prognosis conducted in Brazil. The objective of this study was to evaluate, over a two year period, the incidence of the subtypes of first-ever strokes, the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and functional prognosis in a city located in the south of Brazil.
Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment Published: March 2009
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is nowadays considered a safe and effective procedure for various movement disorders in which conservative treatments have failed to show significant therapeutic results. One of the most common complications of definitive electrode positioning is intraparenchymal hemorrhage.
Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology Published Online: 3 Feb 2009
Cerebellar malformations are increasingly diagnosed in the fetal period. Consequently, their consideration requires stressful and often critical decisions from both clinicians and families.
Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology Published Online: 3 Feb 2009
We observed a dramatic response to the ketogenic diet in several patients with highly refractory epilepsy whose seizure frequency had recently worsened. This study aimed to identify whether this characteristic was a useful indication for the ketogenic diet.
SCN1A is the most clinically relevant epilepsy gene and is associated with generalized epilepsy and febrile seizure plus
(GEFS+) and Dravet syndrome. We postulated that earlier onset of febrile seizures in the febrile seizure (FS) and febrile seizure plus (FS+) phenotypes may occur in the presence of a SCN1A mutation.
CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics Published Online: 9 Mar 2009
The diagnosis of Parkinson disease (PD) is rendered on the basis of clinical parameters, whereby laboratory chemical tests or morphological imaging is only called upon to exclude other neurodegenerative diseases.
Long-term antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy has been associated with an increase in risk of atherosclerosis. At issue is whether this risk is related to the duration of AED therapy. We evaluated the hypothesis that the cumulative effect of long-term exposure to AEDs plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in patients with epilepsy.
Benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS) is the most common epilepsy syndrome of childhood and can be associated with language difficulties. The exact profile of these difficulties and their neurofunctional underpinnings, however, are not yet clear.
The study purpose was to implement a stroke-specific, care coordination home telehealth
(CCHT) programme for US veterans with stroke and their family caregivers.
The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of individuals who participate in the National Veterans Wheelchair Games
(NVWG) and the Winter Sports Clinic (WSC) for veterans with disabilities. In addition, it was of interest to determine how these events had impacted their lives.
The Lancet, Volume 373, Issue 9667, Pages 883 - 884
Stem-cell experts are worried that some doctors in developing countries are treating patients with adult stem cells without waiting for clinical trials to validate the safety of using them for health problems.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis First Published on: 10 March 2009
Among the 140 Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) gene mutations associated with
ALS, only D90A, the most prevalent mutation in Europe, has been clearly shown to cause recessive and dominant
ALS.
We present the case of a right-handed patient who received surgical treatment for a left frontal WHO grade II glioma invading the left inferior and middle frontal
gyri, the head of the caudate nucleus, the anterior limb of the internal capsule and the anterior
insula, in direct contact also with the anterior-superior part of the lentiform nucleus.
Patients presenting with left-sided FTLD syndromes sometimes develop a new preoccupation with art, greater attention to visual stimuli, and increased visual creativity. We describe the case of a 53-year-old, right-handed man with a history of bipolar disorder who presented with language and behavior impairments characteristic of
FTLD, then developed motor symptoms consistent with a second diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is often associated with Ammon's horn sclerosis (AHS) characterized by hippocampal cell death and dentate gyrus granule cell dispersion
(GCD). Granule cells survive AHS and have been proposed to be hyperexcitable in
TLE. Here we studied whether the passive excitability of granule cells correlates with the severity of AHS.
Pathogenic mutations of the human mitochondrial genome are associated with well-characterized, progressive neurological syndromes, with mutations in the transfer RNA genes being particularly prominent.
Northeast Center for Special Care is located halfway between New York City and Albany at the foot of the Catskill's in the beautiful Hudson River Valley.
View images of our state-of-art rehabilitation center and beautiful campus.
American Journal of Neuroradiology DOI 10.3174/ajnr.A1533
Basal total cerebral blood flow (TCBF) and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) are assumed to play an important role in the pathophysiology of small-vessel disease.
American Journal of Neuroradiology DOI 10.3174/ajnr.A1487
CT perfusion (CTP) is a functional imaging technique that provides important information about capillary-level hemodynamics of the brain parenchyma and is a natural complement to the strengths of unenhanced CT and CT angiography in the evaluation of acute stroke, vasospasm, and other neurovascular disorders.
American Journal of Neuroradiology DOI 10.3174/ajnr.A1441
A neuroimaging-based ischemic stroke classification system that predicts costs and outcomes would be useful for clinical prognostication and hospital resource planning.
American Journal of Neuroradiology DOI 10.3174/ajnr.A1526
Meningeal inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) has been rarely reported, and its prognosis is still unclear. Our purpose was to describe the imaging features of patients with meningeal IMT and their results on follow-up studies.
American Journal of Neuroradiology DOI 10.3174/ajnr.A1435
Crossed cerebellar diaschisis (CCD), the decrease in blood flow and metabolism in the cerebellar hemisphere contralateral to a supratentorial stroke, is frequently reported on positron-emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission CT
(SPECT) but is rarely described with MR perfusion techniques.
American Journal of Epidemiology,
doi:10.1093/aje/kwp006Evidence from animal and cell models suggests that pesticides cause a neurodegenerative process leading to Parkinson's disease (PD). Human data are insufficient to support this claim for any specific pesticide, largely because of challenges in exposure assessment.
To compare the long-term outcomes of subjects initially treated with pramipexole dihydrochloride with those of subjects initially treated with levodopa in the Comparison of the Agonist Pramipexole With Levodopa on Motor Complications of Parkinson's Disease (CALM-PD) trial.
After stroke, 80% of patients experience acute paresis of the upper extremity and only approximately one-third achieve full functional recovery. Predicting functional recovery for these patients is highly important to provide focused, cost-effective rehabilitation.
Women who develop pre-eclampsia in pregnancy are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The offspring from pregnancies complicated by
pre-eclampsia have higher blood pressures during childhood, but little is known about their long-term health.
Ischemic stroke leads to significant morbidity and mortality in the Western world. Early reperfusion strategies remain the treatment of choice but can initiate and augment an inflammatory response causing secondary brain damage.
Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology:Volume 22(1)March 2009pp 67-71
To describe a case of a rare adult-onset craniopharyngioma presenting as rapidly progressive catatonia that was reversed after surgical resection of the tumor.
Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology:Volume 22(1)March 2009pp 53-62
To evaluate cortical information processing (particularly, semantic processing) in acute nontraumatic coma by means of event-related brain potentials
(ERPs).
During rest, multiple cortical brain regions are functionally linked forming resting-state networks. This high level of functional connectivity within resting-state networks suggests the existence of direct neuroanatomical connections between these functionally linked brain regions to facilitate the ongoing interregional neuronal communication.
The function of the corpus callosum (CC) is to distribute perceptual, motor, cognitive, learned, and voluntary information between the two hemispheres of the brain. Accurate parcellation of the CC according to fiber composition and fiber connection is of upmost important.
Many different types of hyperkinetic and hypokinetic movement disorders have been reported after ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke. We searched the Medline database from 1966 to February 2008, retrieving 2942 articles from which 156 relevant case reports, case series and review articles were identifie
Reversible Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome (RPLS) is a relatively recently characterised neurological syndrome, first described by Hinchey et al in 1996, with neuroimaging findings of reversible vasogenic subcortical
oedema.
American Journal of Neuroradiology DOI 10.3174/ajnr.A1536
Intracranial stent placement is emerging as an effective treatment for acute stroke. As a means to avoid
stent-associated complications and capitalize on
stent-placement-related advantages, the concept of a "temporary endovascular bypass"
(TEB) for stroke therapy was recently reported.
American Journal of Neuroradiology DOI 10.3174/ajnr.A1504
Moyamoya disease is an idiopathic occlusive cerebrovascular disorder with abnormal microvascular proliferation. We investigated the clinical utility of leptomeningeal high signal intensity (ivy sign) sometimes seen on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images in Moyamoya disease.
We examined whether mild traumatic brain injuries in children and adolescents, especially when associated with acute clinical features reflecting more severe injury, result in different postinjury trajectories of postconcussive symptoms compared with mild orthopedic injuries.
Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology:Volume 22(1)March 2009pp 38-44
This study examined white matter (WM) structural and metabolic alterations in relation to cognition in patients with
non-neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (non-NPSLE).
Preclinical as well as clinical studies in traumatic brain injury (TBI) have established the likely association of secondary injury and outcome in adults in children following severe injury.
Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment Published: March 2009
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxy-tryptamine), a naturally occurring indole produced mainly by the pineal gland, is a well known antioxidant. Stroke (cerebral ischemia) is the second leading cause of death worldwide.
Cross-sectional studies have indicated that subcortical ischemic vascular disease
(SIVD), as defined according to imaging criteria, is associated with a specific clinical and cognitive profile.
Augmentative and Alternative Communication, Volume 25, Issue 1 March 2009 , pages 19 - 31
Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) devices include special purpose electronic devices that generate speech output and are used by individuals to augment or replace vocal communication.
To examine relationships between classical measures of executive functions (EF) and indices of traumatic brain injury (TBI) severity with the IADL Profile, a new performance-based measure of independence in instrumental activities of daily living
(IADL) based on EF.
The objective of this critical review was to examine the literature regarding the use of cognitive strategies to acquire motor skills in people who have had a stroke, to determine which strategies are in use and to compile evidence of their effectiveness.
Isotropic imaging offers the potential of improving lesion detection and imaging efficiency by enabling orthogonal image reformations without loss of spatial resolution. However, lengthy scan times for T1-weighted isotropic data acquisitions have been an impediment to the routine clinical application of this approach.
The incidence of seizures within 24 h of acute stroke has not been studied extensively. We aimed to establish the incidence of acute poststroke seizures in a biracial cohort and to determine whether acute seizure occurrence differs by race/ethnicity, stroke subtype, and/or stroke localization.
The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences Volume 36, Number 2 / March 2009 181-186
There are no studies from Pakistan that describe stroke presentation rates or factors associated with early or delayed presentation. This is important to know because current clinical protocols limit the use of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator
(rtPA), the only available therapy for acute ischemic stroke, to a three-hour window from symptom onset.
Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics February 2009 Volume 3, Number 2
Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas are glial-based tumors that arise most frequently in young patients and usually follow a more benign and indolent clinical course than their other
glial-based tumor counterparts.
Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics February 2009 Volume 3, Number 2
The authors report an unusual case of a 15-year-old girl who previously underwent resection of a posterior fossa
medulloblastoma, and later underwent resection of a thoracic extramedullary metastatic lesion. Her consciousness deteriorated hours after removal of her spinal metastasis.
Clinical randomized controlled trials (RCTs) suggest that mild hypothermia may improve the outcome of severe traumatic brain injured patients with intracranial hypertension when cooling is maintained for longer than 48h. However, the results are not yet conclusive, and more RCTs are required.
Tremor resulting from damage to midbrain structures is poorly understood and often difficult to treat. The authors report a case of cystic degeneration of the brainstem with resultant Holmes-like tremor which was successfully treated using a stimulating electrode placed in the contralateral ventralis intermedius nucleus (VIM) of the thalamus.
The Internet Journal of Neurology. 2009 Volume 10 Number 2
Limb-shaking transient ischemic attacks (LSTIAs) are a rare manifestation of carotid occlusive disease. We report the case of an 81 year old woman who presented with recurrent LSTIAs and received conservative treatment with cessation of her anti-hypertensive medications.
Most seizures stop spontaneously; however, the molecular mechanisms that terminate seizures remain unknown. Observations that seizures reduced brain pH and that acidosis inhibited seizures indicate that acidosis halts epileptic activity.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis First Published on: 04 March 2009
Motor neuron disease (MND) is a devastating neurodegenerative condition associated with considerable disability and a poor prognosis. Despite improvements in symptomatic management in recent years, few therapies are available which modify survival.
Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology:Volume 31(3)March 2009pp 187-193
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children and, when disseminated, carries a poor prognosis. Even with aggressive combinations of chemotherapy, surgery, autologous bone marrow transplant, and radiation, long-term survival remains at 30% and new therapies are needed.
European Journal of Pediatrics 0340-6199 (Print) 10.1007/s00431-009-0966-4
In contrast to the recommendations of the International Liga against Epilepsy, many hospitals perform routinely complete ophthalmological examinations in children admitted after a first seizure.
Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology:Volume 22(1)March 2009pp 63-66
To describe a case of acute nonherpetic limbic encephalitis (LE) with negative testing for antibodies directed against onconeuronal and cell membrane antigens, including voltage-gated potassium channels and
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, that showed a dramatic response to immune therapy.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis First Published on: 06 March 2009
The human genome contains two SMN (survival motor neuron) genes: SMN1, the telomeric gene whose homozygous deletion causes spinal muscular atrophy
(SMA), and SMN2, the centromeric version whose copy number modulates the phenotype of
SMA.
Internal Medicine Journal, Volume 39, Number 1, January 2009 , pp. 7-12(6)
The early clinical features of neurodegenerative parkinsonism can be subtle and often coexist with autonomic, sensory and psychic symptoms, making accurate early diagnosis challenging.
Eleven years after a brief visit to some European countries, a 48-year-old Japanese man developed writing difficulty, irritability and general fatigue. Then he complained of dysesthetic pains in his legs, for which benzodiazepines were prescribed.
Childhood meningiomas are rare and display important differences from adult forms. We report the first case of an intraventricular metaplastic meningioma arising in a child. A 7-year-old female underwent resection of an enhancing tumor arising within the left lateral ventricle.
A 59-year-old immunocompetent man was admitted to our hospital because of progressive dementia with concomitant bilateral
uveitis. The first brain MRI revealed diffuse hyperintense lesions in the cerebral white matter of both hemispheres on a T2-weighted image and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery image. However, another MRI taken more than 1 month later revealed enhanced cohesive mass lesions in the bilateral thalami, in addition to the white matter lesions.
The midline structures of the supra-tentorial brain are important landmarks for judging if the brain has formed correctly. In this article, we consider the normal appearances of the corpus
callosum, septum pellucidum and fornix as shown on MR imaging in normal and near-normal states.
Bleomycin has been used in the treatment of brain tumors for over 30 years. Currently, we are evaluating electrochemotherapy (the use of electric pulses to enhance uptake of
bleomycin) for patients with secondary brain tumors.
Child's Nervous System 0256-7040 (Print) 10.1007/s00381-009-0843-5
The aim of this study was to explore the separate effects of myelomeningocele
(MMC) and hydrocephalus on intelligence and neuropsychological functions in a population-based series of children.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is typically considered to be a disease of motor, not sensory, neurons. However, reports exist of sensory system involvement in
ALS. In this study we aimed to study the characteristic of contact heat-evoked potentials
(CHEPs) in patients with ALS and to evaluate the nociceptive pathway in these patients.
The objective was to determine the effect of a proposed increase in the upper reference limits of serum creatine kinase (CK) on neuromuscular disease diagnosis.
The purpose of this study was to examine whether there are disparities in use of stroke secondary prevention services because disparities in stroke outcomes have been found among older adults, women, racial minorities, and within Stroke Belt states.
We have shown that acute treatment with candesartan in an experimental model of stroke resulted in vascular protection and improved outcomes at 24 hours
poststroke, but the mechanisms are unknown.
Complicated (irregular or ulcerated) carotid plaques have proven to be independent predictors of stroke. We analyzed the frequency and location of plaque irregularities in a large cohort of patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease and the relation with severity of
stenosis, cardiovascular risk factors, and symptomatology.
Large pulse pressure associates with atherosclerosis, but it is unclear if it contributes to the development of atherosclerosis or if atherosclerosis leads to pulse pressure widening. We examined whether exposure to large pulse pressure in childhood predicts carotid artery
intima-media thickness in adulthood.
Over the past 5 years, experimental data have emerged that ischemia-induced cell death pathways may differ in males and females. Cell death in males is triggered by
poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activation and nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor.
Neurological impairment and physical disability are frequent and important complications of stroke with serious consequences for health-related quality of life
(HRQOL). Little data exist, however, on the risk factors for poor HRQOL after intracerebral hemorrhage, the deadliest and most disabling form of stroke.
There are only limited data on whether prior statin use and/or cholesterol levels are associated with intracranial hemorrhage
(ICH) and outcome after intra-arterial thrombolysis.
Early recurrent ischemic lesions (ERILs) on diffusion-weighted imaging after acute ischemic stroke have been suggested as a potential marker of early recurrent stroke.
Carotid atherosclerosis has been associated with increased risk of stroke and poorer cognitive performance in older adults. The relation of carotid atherosclerosis to cognitive impairment and MRI indices of ischemia and aging in midlife is less clear.
The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care:Volume 66(3)March 2009pp 942-950
Trauma and emergency department clinicians encounter a growing number of patients admitted with traumatic head injury on prehospital antithrombotic therapies. These patients appear to be at increased risk of developing life-threatening intracranial hemorrhage.
The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care:Volume 66(3)March 2009pp 730-736
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of erythropoietin (Epo) on the intestinal labile zinc and the inflammatory factor in rats after traumatic brain injury (TBI).
The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care:Volume 66(3)March 2009pp 727-72
Previous studies had demonstrated that injury severity and risk of death after motor-vehicle crashes are related to human body characteristics. The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and head injury severity in front seat passengers after a frontal collision.
The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care:Volume 66(3)March 2009pp 720-726
Brain injury is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in trauma patients, but controversy still exists over optimal fluid management for these patients.
The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care:Volume 66(3)March 2009pp 707-712
To determine whether the prophylactic placement of an inferior vena cava (IVC) filter after acute spinal cord injury (SCI) causes an increased incidence of deep venous thrombosis
(DVT).
Glomerular filtration rate and decline in renal function can be improved by global cardiovascular prevention. However, the prevalence of nephroangiosclerosis in patients with stroke is unknown.
In amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), functional neuronal connectivity may be altered, as suggested by quantitative EEG and neuroimaging data. In young healthy humans, the execution of linguistic tasks modifies the excitability of the hand area of the dominant primary motor cortex (M1hand), as tested by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).
During the past few years, several publications have documented the striking lack of neurologic health care givers in countries with limited resources.
The frequency and impact of apathy in subcortical ischemic vascular dementia
(SIVD) remain undetermined. The frequency, clinical, neuropsychological, and imaging correlates of apathy were assessed in a large cohort of patients with cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and
leukoencephalopathy, a genetic model of SIVD.
Spinal Cord advance online publication 10 March 2009; doi: 10.1038/sc.2009.14
Investigation of bowel function in 55 patients and 26 healthy volunteers using radiological, anorectal physiological and laser Doppler blood flow monitoring.
Spinal Cord advance online publication 10 March 2009; doi: 10.1038/sc.2009.12
To describe the prevalence and knowledge of autonomic dysreflexia (AD) from patient and caregiver perspectives, and its relationship to the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale
(AIS) classification, level of injury, severity of injury, injury etiology, gender and race.
Spinal Cord advance online publication 10 March 2009; doi: 10.1038/sc.2009.9
The aim of this study was to examine 1-year rehospitalization rates following spinal cord injury (SCI) onset and health system factors affecting
rehospitalization.
Pathogenic mutations of the human mitochondrial genome are associated with well-characterized, progressive neurological syndromes, with mutations in the transfer RNA genes being particularly prominent.
To compare the long-term outcomes of subjects initially treated with pramipexole dihydrochloride with those of subjects initially treated with levodopa in the Comparison of the Agonist Pramipexole With Levodopa on Motor Complications of Parkinson's Disease (CALM-PD) trial.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the predictive value of neuropsychological tests for on-road evaluation outcome after inconclusive assessment.
There is a need to improve the prediction of outcome following acquired brain injury. The previous focus has been on specifying the relative contribution of such variables as pre-morbid intellectual ability, socioeconomic status, severity of injury and performance on neuropsychological assessments.
To compare the locomotor capacity during (1) unobstructed walking and (2) the circumvention of fixed obstacles with and without a simultaneous visual task in an elite athlete before and after a sports-related concussion.
Tat'yana Bunina, a Russian neuropathologist, has been immortalized because she discovered a neuronal inclusion and it was named after her. She first recognized these structures in familial ALS and in experiments designed to transmit the disease to primates.
The objective of the study was to establish the safety and pharmacodynamics of escalating dosages of sodium phenylbutyrate
(NaPB) in participants with ALS.
We improved standard treatment approaches by systematically addressing cognitive and behavioral change in association with frontal and temporal dysfunction in
ALS.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects both upper and lower motor neurons (MN) resulting in weakness, paralysis and subsequent death.
An abnormally elevated level of resting energy expenditure (REE, measured by indirect
calorimetry) has been reported in a subset of patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
(SALS).
From 1997 to 2003 we prospectively followed a cohort of ALS/MND patients. Patients were allocated to predetermined clinical phenotypes using the principles established in the modified El Escorial criteria.
The objective was to investigate the familial occurrence of the neurodegenerative condition amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
(ALS), Parkinson's disease and dementia in the relatives of Irish ALS patients.
Over the years, several relevant biomarkers with a potential clinical interest have been identified in gliomas using various techniques, such as
karyotype, microsatellite analysis, fluorescent in situ hybridization and chromosome comparative genomic hybridization.
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 296: H862-H867, 2009
Cerebral hypoxia (10 min) followed immediately by ischemia (20 min) (H/I) impairs cerebrovasodilation in response to hypercapnia and hypotension in the newborn pig; exogenous urokinase plasminogen activator
(uPA) potentiates this effect, whereas the blockade of endogenous
uPA-mediated vasoactivity prevents it completely.
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) from a burst intracranial aneurysm (ICA) is an overwhelming and catastrophic event that strikes without warning during the most productive years of life.
Clinical Interventions in Aging Published: March 2009
Levodopa has been the gold standard therapy for the motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease for more than three decades. Although it remains the most effective treatment, its long-term use is associated with motor fluctuations and dyskinesias that can be disabling for patients and difficult for physicians to manage medically.
Pediatric Blood & Cancer Published Online: 3 Mar 2009
Most children with brainstem glioma die within 2 years of diagnosis, and the median survival time for patients with this condition is less than 1 year.
Pediatric Blood & Cancer Published Online: 3 Mar 2009
The caspase-8 gene (CASP8) is frequently inactivated in unfavorable neuroblastomas through DNA
methylation. The present study utilized oligoarrays to evaluate the methylation status of a CpG island located between exons 2 and 3 of caspase 8 in
neuroblastomas.
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an elective neurosurgical treatment for patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) who suffer from symptoms refractory to medication. DBS requires an invasive procedure in which, first, brain electrodes are implanted while the patient is awake and, second, neurostimulators are implanted under general anesthesia.
Journal of Clinical Ultrasound Published Online: 3 Mar 2009
We describe the abnormal sonographic findings in the brain of a 26-week fetus, which increased the suspicion of isolated
lissencephaly. Follow-up ultrasound examination and MRI depicted diffuse cortical
agyria, microcephaly, hypotelorism, and proptosis.
Journal of Clinical Ultrasound Published Online: 27 Feb 2009
We report a case of a 36-year-old male who presented with a pulsatile mass at the left temporal region after a head injury. Duplex sonographic examination confirmed the diagnosis of traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the superficial temporal artery.
Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics February 2009 Volume 3, Number 2
The authors describe the novel use of a table-mounted tubular retractor system
(MetRx) originally designed for minimally invasive spine surgery, in the resection of an intraventricular arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in a 12-year-old child.
Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics February 2009 Volume 3, Number 2
The case of a 3-year-old patient with tuberous sclerosis and a 13-mm Chiari malformation Type I that spontaneously disappeared over the course of 4 years is presented.
Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics February 2009 Volume 3, Number 2
Large dural arteriovenous malformations (DAVMs) accompanied by cardiac failure usually carry a poor prognosis with a high risk of morbidity and death. The authors report on the case of a male neonate with a massive DAVM who presented at birth with macrocephaly and high-output cardiac failure.
Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics February 2009 Volume 3, Number 2
Ischemic cerebral vascular accidents (CVAs) in children result in epilepsy in 25% of patients, which is refractory in 7% of cases. Repeated seizures worsen the global and cognitive prognosis of these patients.
Future Neurology March 2009, Vol. 4, No. 2, Pages 167-177
The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) has been demonstrated to play a central role in the pathogenic mechanisms of a growing number of important neurological diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and stroke.
Future Neurology March 2009, Vol. 4, No. 2, Pages 161-165
Nurr1 is an orphan nuclear receptor required for the postspecification differentiation and maintenance of the ventral midbrain dopaminergic neurons that are lost in Parkinson’s disease.
Future Neurology March 2009, Vol. 4, No. 2, Pages 201-208
Ischemic tolerance is a biological process that can be utilized to unlock the brain’s own endogenous protection mechanisms and, as such, holds true promise for patients at risk of ischemic injury.
Future Neurology March 2009, Vol. 4, No. 2, Pages 153-160
Primary progressive aphasia is defined as an insidious, gradual impairment of language function, which is not accompanied by other cognitive disorders for at least 2 years after onset, and which can be due to a number of neurodegenerative disorders, such as the different varieties of frontotemporal dementia or Alzheimer's disease.
Journal of Child Neurology 2009, doi:10.1177/0883073808331362
Respiratory syncytial virus is a common cause of infection in children. The authors summarize the clinical and diagnostic features of 9 patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit with neurological consultation.
Journal of Child Neurology 2009, doi:10.1177/0883073808330186
The patient's spasms and hypsarrhythmia disappeared after a course of adrenocorticotropic hormone therapy, but focal seizures reappeared at the age of 3 years and 3 months. Her craniofacial dysmorphia and mental retardation became increasingly evident compared to her condition at the onset of West syndrome.
Journal of Child Neurology 2009, doi:10.1177/0883073808330163
We present 28 patients with basal ganglia ischemic stroke and describe the main neurological manifestations, neuroimaging findings, risk factors, and outcome.
Traumatic brain injuries are often followed by abnormal hyperexcitability, leading to acute seizures and epilepsy. Previous studies documented the rewiring capacity of neocortical neurons in response to various cortical and subcortical lesions.
The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences Volume 36, Number 2 / March 2009 143-153
Imaging of central-nervous-system (CNS) abnormalities is important in patients with mitochondrial disorders
(MCDs) since the CNS is the organ second most frequently affected in MCDs and some of them are potentially treatable.
The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences Volume 36, Number 2 / March 2009 154-160
Brain death is the irreversible lost of function of the brain including the brainstem. The presence of spontaneous or reflex movements constitutes a challenge for the neurological determination of death.
Journal of Clinical Neuromuscular Disease:Volume 10(3)March 2009pp 85-89
Medical and technological advances over the past 2 decades have resulted in improved patient care for children with spinal muscular atrophy
(SMA). The objective of the present study was to describe changes in the life expectancy of pediatric patients with SMA over time and to compare these findings with previously reported survival patterns.
Increased mortality after stroke is associated with brain edema formation and high plasma levels of the acute phase reactant C-reactive protein (CRP). The aim of this study was to examine whether CRP directly affects blood-brain barrier stability and to analyze the underlying signaling pathways.
Epilepsy Research Volume 84, Issue 1, Pages 86-90 (March 2009)
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters participate in drug disposition and response in various conditions, and many polymorphisms in ABC transporter genes have been recognized in association with altered transporter functions of various drugs.
Epilepsy Research Volume 84, Issue 1, Pages 82-85 (March 2009)
BFNC is an autosomal dominant epileptic disorder caused by mutations of KCNQ2 or KCNQ3 potassium channel gene. W309R missense mutation in KCNQ3 gene was previously reported in a family with
BFNC.
Epilepsy Research Volume 84, Issue 1, Pages 77-81 (March 2009)
Seizures induced by musical stimulation are usually correlated to temporal epilepsy, although the precise localization of their epileptogenic networks are not well characterized.
Epilepsy Research Volume 84, Issue 1, Pages 72-76 (March 2009)
We examined 1715 seizures recorded on a dedicated epilepsy inpatient ward over 363 days in 2006-2007. Epileptic seizures, particularly complex partial seizures are less likely to occur on bright sunny days, than dull days.
Epilepsy Research Volume 84, Issue 1, Pages 67-71 (March 2009)
Regional differences in the clinical manifestations of human neurocysticercosis
(NCC) may indicate a role of host genetics. We examined whether there is familial aggregation of seizures in first-degree relatives of NCC patients with seizure versus NCC patients without seizure as presenting symptom in a group of patients in Ecuador.
Epilepsy Research Volume 84, Issue 1, Pages 56-66 (March 2009)
Inflammation is an important biological process that is activated after status epilepticus and could be implicated in the development of epilepsy. Here we tested whether an anti-inflammatory treatment with a selective cox-2 inhibitor (SC58236) could prevent the development of epilepsy or modify seizure activity during the chronic epileptic phase.
Epilepsy Research Volume 84, Issue 1, Pages 42-55 (March 2009)
A neural network simulation with realistic cortical architecture has been used to study synchronized bursting as a seizure representation. This model has the property that bursting epochs arise and cease spontaneously, and bursting epochs can be induced by external stimulation.
Epilepsy Research Volume 84, Issue 1, Pages 33-41 (March 2009)
The human DLG3 gene encodes the synapse-associated protein 102 (SAP102), which is concentrated in the postsynaptic densities of excitatory synapses and involved in receptor-mediated synaptic transmission via binding to the NR2B subunit of the NMDA receptor.
Epilepsy Research Volume 84, Issue 1, Pages 28-32 (March 2009)
Continuous electroencephalogram (cEEG) recordings are being increasingly used in intensive care units (ICUs) to detect epileptic seizures and other changes. MRI scans can interrupt such recordings if the EEG electrodes need to be removed and important data can be missed.
Epilepsy Research Volume 84, Issue 1, Pages 21-27 (March 2009)
A random sample of 167,377 patients from the National Health Insurance (NHI) reference database was used. Prescription records were retrieved for all patients prescribed AEDs during 2004. The prescribed daily dose/defined daily dose
(PDD/DDD) ratio was used to assess the adequacy of AED dosing.
Epilepsy Research Volume 84, Issue 1, Pages 15-20 (March 2009)
Adenosine, a potent anticonvulsant, can be produced in the body by the hydrolysis of adenine nucleotides through the action of
ecto- or soluble nucleotidases. Changes in nucleotide hydrolysis occur after
pentylenetetrazol-induced epileptic events.
Epilepsy Research Volume 84, Issue 1, Pages 6-14 (March 2009)
To compare Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) with qualitative analysis of provoked ictal
SPECT, in terms of both diagnostic yield and efficacy in identifying the epileptogenic zone of temporal and extratemporal epileptic patients.
Epilepsy Research Volume 84, Issue 1, Pages 1-5 (March 2009)
Questionnaire surveys provide an efficient means of identifying potential seizure cases in large population-based cohorts. Concerns exist, however, with regard to the reliability of self-reported information both with respect to the validity of the results obtained and with regard to the usefulness of this approach in identifying true cases.
The Internet Journal of Neurology. 2009 Volume 10 Number 2
Refractory status epilepticus is defined as seizures, which last longer than 60 minutes despite treatment with a benzodiazepine and an adequate loading dose of intravenous antiepileptic drug.
The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences Volume 36, Number 2 / March 2009 176-180
To compare the efficacy of computed tomographic angiography (CTA) to that of digital subtraction angiography
(DSA) in the detection of secondary causes of intracerebral hemorrhage
(ICH).
The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences Volume 36, Number 2 / March 2009 168-175
To present our experience with the endovascular management of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas with direct cortical venous drainage by trans-arterial embolisation using Onyx.
Diffusion-weighted (DWI) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a highly sensitive and specific test for diagnosis of sporadic Jakob-Creutzfeldt disease
(sCJD); however, the neuropathologic origin of DWI signal abnormalities including other clinical features has not been well defined.
Artificial Organs, Volume 33, Number 3, March 2009 , pp. 208-220(13)
Deep brain stimulation (DBS)-a broadly accepted therapeutic modality with tens of thousands of patients currently implanted-is the application of implantable electrical stimulation devices to treat neurological disorders.
Spasmodic torticollis due to an identified focal brain stem lesion is uncommon and abrupt-onset spasmodic torticollis due to midbrain lesions in humans is rarely reported.
Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics February 2009 Volume 3, Number 2
The mean gestational age was 27 ± 3.3 weeks, and mean birth weight was 1192 ± 660 g. Temporary reservoir placement was performed in 15 patients, while 17 underwent permanent CSF diversion with a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt.
Tropical Medicine & International Health Published Online: 2 Mar 2009
To determine the role of the B-cell attracting chemokine CXCL-13, which may initiate B-cell trafficking and IgM production in diagnosing HAT
meningo-encephalitis.
American Journal of Neuroradiology DOI 10.3174/ajnr.A1402
Volumetric analysis of structural MR images of the brain may provide quantitative evidence of neurodegeneration and help identify patients at risk for rapid clinical deterioration.
American Journal of Neuroradiology DOI 10.3174/ajnr.A1390
Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) has proved a powerful method to detect subtle changes of gray matter (GM) at the group level but the role of VBM for the detection of GM changes in single subjects, especially in those with suspected neurodegenerative disorder, remains uncertain.
The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences Volume 36, Number 2 / March 2009 192-195
To examine the relationship between the presence and magnitude of fever and susceptibility to febrile seizures, defined as a known family history of febrile seizures.
The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences Volume 36, Number 2 / March 2009 227-233
Cortical mapping during awake surgery assesses intraoperative neurological change in response to electrical stimulation to provide direct information regarding the anatomical localization of the primary motor area (M1).
Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics February 2009 Volume 3, Number 2
There are frequent applications for endoscopy in neurosurgery. However, endoscopic surgery in children has peculiar characteristics and is associated with different rates of success. In this study, the authors report on their experience with 134 consecutive endoscopy procedures performed in 126 patients < 18 years of age.
Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics February 2009 Volume 3, Number 2
The goal of this report was to describe the authors' initial experiences with an adjustable gravity-assisted valve
(GAV) called the ProGAV in treating childhood hydrocephalus.
Several forms of chronic autonomic failure manifest as neurogenic orthostatic hypotension, including autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy
(AAG) and pure autonomic failure (PAF). AAG and PAF are thought to differ in pathogenesis, AAG reflecting decreased ganglionic neurotransmission due to circulating antibodies to the neuronal nicotinic receptor and PAF being a Lewy body disease with prominent loss of sympathetic noradrenergic nerves.
The acetylcholine receptor ganglionic (G-AchR) antibody is a very specific serologic test for autoimmune autonomic
ganglionopathy. The spectrum of autoimmune (or presumed to be autoimmune) autonomic disorders, however, is quite broad and positivity to this antibody has been reported in a variety of other conditions, albeit infrequent and with low titer.
To provide an update on recent advances in the treatment of autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy
(AAG). AAG is an immune-mediated disorder characterized by prominent and selective involvement of autonomic nerve fibers or ganglia.
After the first genomewide association study of ischemic stroke identified PDE4D as a susceptible gene, many replication studies have been conducted. However, the validity of the association has remained controversial because of the heterogeneity of both genetic markers and phenotypes.
Neurosurgical Focus March 2009 Volume 26, Number 3
The management of stroke has progressed significantly over the past 2 decades due to successful treatment protocols including intravenous and intraarterial options.
Neurosurgical Focus March 2009 Volume 26, Number 3
The second leading cause of death and disability in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
(SAH) is delayed cerebral ischemia due to vasospasm. Although up to 70% of patients have been shown to have angiographic evidence of vasospasm, only 20-30% will present with clinical changes, including mental status changes and neurological deficits that necessitate acute management.
Child's Nervous System 0256-7040 (Print) 10.1007/s00381-009-0839-1
In the present study, we evaluated the preoperative demographic, clinical, and neuropsychological variables that could predict postoperative seizure outcome in a group of pediatric epileptic patients.
Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy March 2009, Vol. 7, No. 2, Pages 193-203
The concerted efforts of clinicians, scientists and caregivers of HIV-infected children have led to tremendous advances in our understanding of pediatric HIV/AIDS.
Multicellular glial calcium waves may locally regulate neural activity or brain
energetics. Here, we report a diffusion-driven astrocytic signal in the normal, intact brain that spans many astrocytic processes in a confined volume without fully encompassing any one cell.
Parents often expect immediate seizure improvement after starting the ketogenic diet
(KD) for their children. The purpose of this study was to determine the typical time to seizure reduction as well as the time after which it was unlikely to be helpful in those children started on the
KD.
Our goal was to compare the efficacy and safety of buccal midazolam with rectal diazepam in the treatment of prolonged seizures in Ugandan children. METHODS: This was a single-blind, randomized clinical trial in which 330 patients were randomly assigned to receive buccal midazolam or rectal diazepam.
Reduced bone mineral density (BMD) is increasingly recognized in patients receiving antiepileptic drug therapy. The precise prevalence is not known due to variability across populations studied. We set out to characterize the prevalence of abnormal BMD in an urban population of patients with epilepsy with the intent to determine the value of routine BMD screening.
Topiramate (Topamax(R)) is licensed to be used, either in monotherapy or as adjunctive treatment, for generalized
tonic-clonic seizures or partial seizures with or without secondary generalization and for prevention of migraine. The safety of topiramate in human pregnancy is largely unknown. Here we report on our experience of pregnancies exposed to
topiramate.
Driving restrictions for people with seizure disorders are intended to ensure the public's safety, but driving is of such great importance in the United States that the imposed restrictions also may unduly harm the welfare of these individuals.
We present the very unusual case of a young woman suffering from a brain tumor 22 years after a stage IV spinal neuroblastoma as an infant, demonstrating the difficulties of differentiating late neuroblastoma relapse from secondary supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor
(sPNET).
Dermoid cysts are common periorbital lesions. They usually occur near the superolateral orbital rim, indenting but not extending within the bony outer table
This study was approved by the institutional review board, and informed consent was waived. Unenhanced CT and MR images in 15 patients with TDLs (seven women, eight men; mean age, 42 years; range, 27-57 years) and 48 patients with primary brain tumor (27 women, 21 men; mean age, 48 years; range, 19-70 years; 10 lymphomas, 38
gliomas) were retrospectively reviewed.
Connexin 32 (Cx32), a gap junction protein, is found within the para-nodal region and
Schmidt-Lanterman incisures of myelinating Schwann cells (SCs). In developing and regenerating peripheral nerves,
pro-myelinating SCs express Cx32 mRNA and protein in conjunction with the expression of myelin specific genes.
The Internet Journal of Neurology. 2009 Volume 10 Number 2
Because abducens palsy is a very common problem in our daily practice we decide to review the anatomical variations of abducens nerves that could explain clinical variations under the similar etiologies.
To use structural magnetic resonance (MR) images to identify a pattern of regional atrophy characteristic of mild Alzheimer disease (AD) and to investigate whether presence of this pattern prospectively can aid prediction of 1-year clinical decline and increased structural loss in mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
European Journal of Emergency Medicine:Volume 16(2)April 2009pp 84-86
To determine if the serum levels of creatine kinase and myoglobin can be used to differentiate the grandmal
tonic-clonic seizure and syncope activities in the emergency department (ED).
The Internet Journal of Neurology. 2009 Volume 10 Number
Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic disorder of unknown etiology characterized by an accumulation of noncaseating epitheloid
granuloma. The most commonly involved organs are lungs in about 90 percent of patients. Other involved organs skin,eyes and
lymphnodes.
The Internet Journal of Neurology. 2009 Volume 10 Number 2
F-wave is one of the late responses produced by antidromic activation of Motoneurons by supramaximal stimulation. They are variable in latency, amplitude, and configuration.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Volume 90, Issue 3, Pages 488-493 (March 2009)
To (1) determine the feasibility of the continuous scale physical functional performance 10-item test (CS-PFP10) for the measurement of physical function in stroke survivors, (2) characterize physical functional performance of stroke survivors and their matched controls, and (3) explore the associations among physical functional performance, ambulatory activity, and peak oxygen uptake (Vo2peak).
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Volume 90, Issue 3, Pages 440-446 (March 2009)
To determine the prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) in the knee and/or hip of the intact leg among traumatic leg amputees compared with the general population and its relationship with amputation level, time since amputation, age, and mobility.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Volume 90, Issue 3, Pages 501-506 (March 2009)
Consecutive stroke survivors with evidence of supraspinatus impingement, supraspinatus tendonitis, or subacromial bursitis received subacromial corticosteroid injections.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Volume 90, Issue 3, Pages 507-511 (March 2009)
To assess the reproducibility and the effects of the subjects' characteristics on the reproducibility of transcutaneous oxygen pressure (TcPO2) measurements in the sacral area in persons with spinal cord injury during loading in the supine position.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Volume 90, Issue 3, Pages 517-521 (March 2009)
The military conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan have resulted in many soldiers returning with serious combat injuries, including spinal cord injuries
(SCIs).
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Volume 90, Issue 3, Pages 413-419 (March 2009)
To estimate the prevalence of medical debt among traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI) patients who discharged their debts through bankruptcy.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Volume 90, Issue 3, Pages 480-487 (March 2009)
(1) To examine the isometric strength, speed, and fatigue resistance of the knee extensors of the paretic limb and nonparetic limb in patients with stroke and compare these with able-bodied subjects. (2) To relate the contractile properties with different indices of functional performance.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Volume 90, Issue 3, Pages 475-479 (March 2009)
To assess the immediate effects of assistive walking devices on functional mobility, walking impairments, and patients' opinions in nonambulant patients after stroke.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Volume 90, Issue 3, Pages 407-412 (March 2009)
To compare the effects of 3 different exercise training regimens on cardiorespiratory fitness and coronary risk factor reduction in subjects with unilateral stroke.
Giant pituitary adenomas of excessive size, fibrous consistency or unfavorable geometric configuration may be unresectable through conventional operative approaches.
Recent functional neuroimaging studies implicate the network of mesolimbic structures known to be active in reward processing as the neural substrate of pleasure associated with listening to music.
Developmental Neurorehabilitation First Published on: 19 February 2009
The aims of this review were to: (i) briefly outline common sequelae following childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI); (ii) provide a summary of models and research in the area of intervention.
Intracranial cerebral atherosclerosis causes ischemic stroke in a significant number of patients. Technological advances over the past 10 years have enabled endovascular treatment of intracranial atherosclerotic
stenosis.
American Journal of Neuroradiology DOI 10.3174/ajnr.A1417
Recent functional MR imaging studies have revealed that the inferior parietal lobule
(IPL) supports numerous functions; however, the precise organization of the IPL remains unclear.
American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A Published Online: 27 Feb 2009
We report on a girl with early onset Huntington disease (HD). Her initial symptoms at 2 years of age included oral motor dysfunction and gait disturbance.
A 47-year old female presented with a 4 month history of early satiety, constipation, light sensitivity, orthostatic intolerance,
siccca, and anhydrosis. Her examination revealed dilated, unreactive pupils with dry eyes and mouth but normal strength, phasic reflexes, and sensation.
Journal of Clinical Ultrasound Published Online: 27 Feb 2009
To examine the hemiplegic shoulders for soft-tissue injury by musculoskeletal sonography and to determine the relationship between the motor functions of the upper extremity and these injuries, which play an important role in hemiplegic shoulder pain and may impede rehabilitation.
A 56-year-old male with recurrent painless focal neuropathies and a family history of peripheral neuropathy of unknown etiology presented with progressively worsening of impaired sensations and weakness in his lower extremities.
Neurosurgical Focus February 2009 Volume 26, Number 2
Peripheral nerve injuries are a source of chronic disability. Incomplete recovery from such injuries results in motor and sensory dysfunction and the potential for the development of chronic pain.
To compare the prevalence of self-reported serious psychological distress using the Kessler 6 (K6) in persons with a history of epilepsy
(PWE) to those without epilepsy from a population-based survey.
Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology:Volume 68(3)March 2009pp 250-261
A pathologic hallmark of Huntington disease (HD) is the presence of intraneuronal aggregates of
polyglutamine-containing huntingtin protein fragments. Monoclonal antibody 1C2 is a commercial antibody to normal human TATA-binding protein that detects long stretches of glutamine residues.
Child's Nervous System 0256-7040 (Print) 10.1007/s00381-009-0829-3
Cranial irradiation has been widely used as a therapeutic tool for treating various lesions, particularly neoplastic diseases. Even though radiation therapy is usually well-tolerated, it occasionally causes clinically significant long-term toxicity such as radiation necrosis and irradiation-related arteriopathy with stroke.
Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology:Volume 68(3)March 2009pp 217-226
Central nervous system (CNS) tissues contain cells (i.e. glia and neurons) that have innate immune functions. These cells express a range of receptors that are capable of detecting and clearing apoptotic cells and regulating inflammatory responses.
Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology:Volume 68(3)March 2009pp 274-285
Combined 1p/19q deletions are very prevalent in oligodendrogliomas (OGs) and, to a lesser extent, in oligoastrocytomas
(OAs). These losses are associated with responsiveness to therapy. Using array-based comparative genomic hybridization, we screened for recurrent genomic alterations in OG and oligoastrocytoma subtypes on chromosome 19.
To determine whether previously undetected symptoms of depression and psychiatric help-seeking behaviors are associated with demographic or epilepsy-related variables in a predominantly African American sample of pediatric epilepsy patients.
Very few studies have evaluated seizure occurrence in humans over the 24-h day; data from children are particularly scarce. Circadian patterns in seizure occurrence may be of importance in epilepsy research and may have important implications in diagnosis and therapy.
Total locked-in syndrome is characterized by tetraplegia, anarthria and paralysis of eye motility. In this study, consciousness was detected in a 21-year-old woman who presented a total locked-in syndrome after a basilar artery thrombosis (49 days post-injury) using an active event-related paradigm.
The goal of this article is to provide consensus recommendations for reporting standards, terminology, and written definitions when reporting on the radiological evaluation and endovascular treatment of intracranial, cerebral aneurysms.
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChR) are ligand-gated cation channels that are present throughout the nervous system. The ganglionic ({alpha}3-type) neuronal AChR mediates fast synaptic transmission in sympathetic, parasympathetic and enteric autonomic ganglia.
Mutations in the Programmed Cell Death 10 (PDCD10) gene cause autosomal dominant familial cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM3). To date, little is known about the function of this gene and its role in disease pathogenesis.
Autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy is a disorder of isolated autonomic failure associated with antibodies to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor of the autonomic ganglia resulting in severe orthostatic intolerance, syncope, constipation,
gastroparesis, urinary retention, dry mouth, dry eyes, blurred vision and
anhidrosis.
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery:Volume 123(3)March 2009pp 983-994
Despite the growing popularity of calcium-based bone cements as a cranioplasty material, the long-term success and complication rates of these materials remain largely controversial.
Archives of Iranian Medicine, Volume 12, Number 2, 2009: 135 - 139
Although it is well-known that the incidence of developmental delay in high-risk infants is higher than in low-risk ones, little is known about the risk factors among Iranian infants.
Neurosurgical Focus March 2009 Volume 26, Number 3
The treatment of stroke has rapidly evolved over the past decade, particularly as data concerning the natural history have emerged and endovascular treatment options have matured.
Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, Volume 61, Number 6, December 2007 , pp. 658-664(7)
The neurobehavioral disability recognized in traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a severe
sequela, but there is no appropriate classification due to its various manifestations.
Medical Hypotheses Received 20 November 2008; accepted 22 November 2008. published online 02 March 2009
The cerebellum has traditionally been looked upon as a brain area primarily involved in motor behavior. The last decade has however heralded the cerebellum as a brain region of renewed interest for neuropsychiatric disorders.
Autonomic dysreflexia may occur following spinal cord injury above mid-thoracic level, commonly developing in the early posttraumatic period. Cardiovascular dysregulation is the most prominent feature, characterized by paroxysmal high blood pressure attacks, which are precipitated by distension of urinary bladder or bowels, skin wounds, or increased spastic muscle tone.
Absence epilepsy is a form of generalized epilepsy commonly seen in children. The neuronal process by which ethosuximide
(ETX), a first choice anti-absence drug, prevents absence seizures is still unresolved.
Neurosurgical Focus March 2009 Volume 26, Number 3
Penetrating injuries to the neck can result in a number of abnormalities that are of interest to neurosurgeons and interventional
neuroradiologists. Gunshot or stab wounds may cause damage to the cervical spinal cord, the adjacent osseous and ligamentous structures, and the peripheral or cranial nerves.
Neurological Sciences Volume 30, Number 1 / February, 2009 1-7
To assess the role of tau protein, beta-amyloid(1-42) and cystatin C in the diagnostics of Alzheimer dementia (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases (ND) by comparing to the control groups (CG).
Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol 27, No 7 (March 1), 2009: pp. 1020-1025
odine-131-metaiodobenzylguanidine (131I-MIBG) provides targeted radiotherapy with more than 30% response rate in refractory
neuroblastoma, but activity infused is limited by radiation safety and hematologic toxicity.
The international seizure classification recognizes that partial-onset seizures can become secondarily generalized, but generalized-onset seizures are expected to remain generalized.
Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol 27, No 7 (March 1), 2009: pp. 1041-1046
Relapse-free survival (RFS) is a powerful measure of treatment efficacy. We describe the sensitivity of standard surveillance studies for detecting relapse of neuroblastoma (NB).
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 279, Issue 1, Pages 121-123 (15 April 2009)
Head tremor is very unusual in Parkinson's disease (PD). Five PD patients presenting a head tremor during the disease evolution have recently been reported.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 279, Issue 1, Pages 118-120 (15 April 2009)
We report on a 27-year-old man with Fabry disease who had widespread white-matter lesions
(WMLs) despite the absence of renal or cardiac manifestations.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 279, Issue 1, Pages 88-92 (15 April 2009)
Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy
(CADASIL) is an inherited cerebrovascular disease caused by a mutation of the NOTCH3 gene.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 279, Issue 1, Pages 76-79 (15 April 2009)
Two cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers specific for neurodegeneration have recently emerged - the neurofilament light
(NfL, 68 kDa) and heavy (NfH, 190-210 kDa) chains.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 279, Issue 1, Pages 70-75 (15 April 2009)
Recently, the beneficial role of minocycline on endogenous neurogenesis after cerebral ischemia has been contradicted by many reports. We examined whether minocycline influences post-ischemic neurogenesis in the subventricular zone.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 279, Issue 1, Pages 66-69 (15 April 2009)
To determine the present status of intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (IV
rt-PA) administration in Japan, we investigated the components of stroke case related to IV
rt-PA utilization using a questionnaire sent to hospitals.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 279, Issue 1, Pages 57-61 (15 April 2009)
Patients with painful sensory neuropathy associated with Sjögren's syndrome-associated neuropathy often show severe neuropathic pain which is not relieved by conventional treatments.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 279, Issue 1, Pages 53-56 (15 April 2009)
Reduced serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) is an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke in elderly men. The temporal and quantitative relationships between
HDL-C and acute ischemic stroke have not been defined.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 279, Issue 1, Pages 43-46 (15 April 2009)
Celecoxib is a potent anti-inflammatory drug with a safety profile that has been well-demonstrated in several human diseases and is reported to have beneficial effects in a rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage
(ICH).
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 279, Issue 1, Pages 39-42 (15 April 2009)
The observation of decline in mitochondrial electron transport chain function, specifically at complex I, in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) has been reported by several groups.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 279, Issue 1, Pages 30-38 (15 April 2009)
Demyelination is prominent in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The receptor p75 and its high affinity ligand proNGF are required for oligodendrocyte death after injury.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 279, Issue 1, Pages 26-29 (15 April 2009)
Nutritional status is a prognostic factor for survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
(ALS) patients. We investigated the contribution of some of the components contributing to resting energy expenditure
(REE) in order to determine whether potentially higher energy needs should be considered for these patients.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 279, Issue 1, Pages 9-13 (15 April 2009)
Information on autonomic modulation can be derived from different organs that are innervated by the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous system, when assessing e.g. heart rate or blood pressure fluctuations or the pupil's reaction to light.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 279, Issue 1, Pages 1-8 (15 April 2009)
Ischemic strokes account for 87% of all strokes in the US. Patients who suffer an initial ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack are at risk for recurrent strokes, as well as ischemic events in the coronary and peripheral vasculatures.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Volume 18, Issue 2, Pages 167-170 (March 2009)
Although brain embolism is a uncommon complication of myocardial infarction, sequential treatment of cerebral and coronary artery occlusion within a 4-hour time window is unusual.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Volume 18, Issue 2, Pages 164-166 (March 2009)
A 16-year-old boy recently diagnosed with acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy
(APMPPE) developed an acute infarct in the left pontine region. No relevant abnormalities were found in the brain and cervical angiography, echocardiography, cerebrospinal fluid, and blood samples.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Volume 18, Issue 2, Pages 158-163 (March 2009)
Intracranial atherosclerosis has been suggested to be common in Asians. We apply a semi-quantitative CT scoring system to evaluate the degree of intracranial atherosclerotic calcification and determine its distribution, severity, and the associated risk factors. The clinical outcome of these patients after a 3-year follow-up was also evaluated.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Volume 18, Issue 2, Pages 150-157 (March 2009)
A higher prevalence of stroke appears to exist among women aged 45 to 54 years compared with same-aged men. In addition, compared with their male counterparts, women have a threefold risk of delay in hospital arrival time. Inadequate knowledge of stroke symptomology may account for this disparity in hospital arrival time.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Volume 18, Issue 2, Pages 144-149 (March 2009)
We prospectively enrolled and collected data on 21 adult patients consecutively admitted to Duke University Hospital with supratentorial intracerebral hematoma including hemorrhage volume, midline shift, modified Rankin Score, Glasgow Outcome Score, and APOE genotype.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Volume 18, Issue 2, Pages 139-143 (March 2009)
This study was performed between January 1, 2005 and August 31, 2006 at the Stroke Rehabilitation Unit, Istanbul Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Volume 18, Issue 2, Pages 128-138 (March 2009)
We investigated the relationship between ischemic lesion characteristics (hemispheric side, cortical and subcortical level, volume) and memory performance, 1 year after stroke.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Volume 18, Issue 2, Pages 124-127 (March 2009)
Statins have been shown to improve the functional outcome of patients after an ischemic stroke. We hypothesized that daily statin intake improves functional outcome after an acute ischemic stroke in patients with low-density lipoprotein
(LDL) less than or equal to 100 mg/dL.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Volume 18, Issue 2, Pages 116-123 (March 2009)
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) strikes individuals at a young age with devastating neurologic consequences. Classic formulations that correlate complications and outcome with clinical variables do not explain all the heterogeneity that is usually found in clinical practice.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Volume 18, Issue 2, Pages 111-115 (March 2009)
The recurrence of ischemic cerebrovascular events despite treatment with aspirin
(ASA) and/or clopidogrel remains a serious problem. Although there is increasing evidence that clinical failure may at least partially result from the nonresponsiveness of platelets to medication, the adjustment of the therapy according to ex vivo platelet responses is not yet common in clinical practice.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Volume 18, Issue 2, Pages 103-110 (March 2009)
Homocysteine has been for a fairly long time been debated to be a risk factor for stroke. Opinions are divided as to whether raised levels of homocysteine seen in stroke patients are the cause or consequence of stroke.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Volume 18, Issue 2, Pages 97-102 (March 2009)
A total of 95 consecutive stroke patients were included in the study period; 78 (82.1%) survivors were having ischemic stroke subtype and were designated the study group.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Volume 18, Issue 2, Pages 86-96 (March 2009)
All patients received caffeinol, and most reached target blood levels. Cooling was attempted in 18 patients via endovascular (n = 8) or surface (n = 10) approaches.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Volume 18, Issue 2, Pages 81-85 (March 2009)
Carbenoxolone (CBX) has a neuroprotective effect in experimental models of brain ischemia and trauma. However, systemic effect of CBX on ischemic reperfusion injuries has not been investigated in a temporary model of focal cerebral ischemia.
Lack of awareness of deficits is a common problem after traumatic brain injury (TBI), and is associated with worse functional outcome and poor compliance with rehabilitation. Little is known, however, about the course of awareness of deficits after TBI.
The objective of the study was to investigate the factorial validity and internal consistency of the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
(IADL) Profile. A group of 96 patients aged 16 to 65 years, with moderate to severe traumatic brain injuries, was recruited from 12 rehabilitation hospitals in Quebec.
The purpose of the study was to investigate whether or not a cognitive-behavioural intervention for depression after stroke has an effect and is feasible. A single-subject quasi experimental design
(SSED) was used with an AB design and follow-up.
Patients with neglect veer to one side when walking or driving a wheelchair, however there is a contradiction in the literature about the direction of this deviation. The study investigated the navigational trajectory of a sample of neglect patients of mixed mobility status in an ecological setting.
Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology, Volume 4, Issue 2 March 2009 , pages 86 - 94
To determine if verbal training with visual feedback improved manual wheelchair propulsion; to examine propulsion differences between an individual with paraplegia and an individual with
tetraplegia.
Spinal Cord advance online publication 3 March 2009; doi: 10.1038/sc.2009.10
Additional examination. In this study, we report changes in bladder function after a combined treatment that was designed to study axonal regeneration after complete spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats.
Spinal Cord advance online publication 3 March 2009; doi: 10.1038/sc.2009.16
To assess the risk factors associated with hospitalization and the relationship of individual health behaviors with hospitalizations after spinal cord injury (SCI).
The Lancet, Volume 373, Issue 9665, Pages 695 - 696, 28 February 2009
In the USA, about one of every five deaths is attributable to coronary artery disease (roughly one every minute, 450 000 a year). 1 Reperfusion therapy is the foundation for effective management of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
(STEMI), and primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) results in greater myocardial salvage, and lower mortality,
reinfarction, recurrent ischaemia, and stroke than fibrinolytic therapy.
Intracortical inhibition in the motor cortex may be measured with short interval intracortical inhibition
(SICI), likely mediated by GABAA receptors, and long interval intracortical inhibition
(LICI), likely mediated by GABAB receptors.
With the permission of the Neurology RC, we devised a pilot study. Duke Institutional Review Board waiver was obtained. In the first 6-month block, three of the first-year neurology residents attended weekly continuity clinic (standard track), and the other two attended two clinics/week on outpatient rotations, one clinic/week on ward rotations, and no clinics on Neurology-intensive care unit and inpatient consult rotations (study track).
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