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Journal of Neurotrauma. March 1, 2008, 25(3): 205-213
Although it is well known that traumatic brain injury (TBI) evokes traumatic axonal injury (TAI) within the brain, TBI-induced axonal damage in the spinal cord (SC) has been less extensively investigated.
International Journal of Cancer Volume 122, Issue 11 , Pages 2542 - 2553
Cancer/testis antigens (CTAs) are considered to be suitable targets for the immunotherapy of human malignancies. It has been demonstrated that in a variety of tumors, the expression of certain CTAs is activated via the demethylation of their promoter CpG islands.
Neurosurgical Focus March 2008 Volume 24, Number 3-4
Stroke is a common cause of death and disability. The role of cellular transplantation to promote functional recovery has been explored. Preclinical studies first established the potential for cultured neuronal cells derived from a teratocarcinoma cell line to be tested for safety and efficacy in the treatment of human stroke.
Neurosurgical Focus March 2008 Volume 24, Number 3-4
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are pluripotent cells derived from the inner cell mass of the early mammalian embryo. Because of their plasticity and potentially unlimited capacity for self-renewal, ES cells have generated tremendous interest both as models for developmental biology and as possible tools for regenerative medicine.
Here we report a patient with stage-4 bilateral cystic adrenal neuroblastomas with disseminated liver metastases and consumption coagulopathy who underwent liver transplant.
Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology. 20(2):78-104, April 2008
The 2007 literature pertaining to perioperative care of neurosurgical patients contains a wealth of articles. In this review, we provide a synopsis of common themes and unique contributions that are relevant to the care of patients with neurologic disorders who require either neurosurgical intervention or care in a neurosurgical-based intensive care unit.
Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 33(4):255-257, April 2008
Metastatic brain lesions generally demonstrate hypermetabolic foci on fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) images. A large area of photopenia of the brain on FDG-PET is most likely consistent with a benign etiology.
Journal of Neurotrauma. March 1, 2008, 25(3): 173-183
There is little information about national in-hospital complication rates, adverse outcomes, and mortality after spinal fusion for spinal cord injury (SCI).
Pesticides and correlated lifestyle factors (e.g., exposure to well-water and farming) are repeatedly reported risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD), but few family-based studies have examined these relationships.
Neurosurgical Focus March 2008 Volume 24, Number 3-4
Huntington disease (HD), caused by polyglutamate expansions in the huntingtin protein, is a progressive neurodegenerative disease resulting in cognitive and motor impairments and death. Neuronal dysfunction and degeneration contribute to progressive physiological, motor, cognitive, and emotional disturbances characteristic of HD.
Neurosurgical Focus March 2008 Volume 24, Number 3-4
Preliminary discoveries of the efficacy of cell therapy are currently being translated to clinical trials. Whereas a significant amount of work has been focused on cell therapy applications for a wide array of diseases, including cardiac disease, bone disease, hepatic disease, and cancer, there continues to be extraordinary anticipation that stem cells will advance the current therapeutic regimen for acute neurological disease.
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways involve two closely related MAPKs, known as extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1 and ERK2.
Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, Volume 9, Number 4, March 2008 , pp. 523-535(13)
Late-stage Parkinson's disease is characterised by patients dependent on caregivers for their activities of daily living, even under the best levodopa benefit. Non-motor signs that overcome the well-known motor signs of Parkinson's disease dominate late-stage Parkinson's disease and few systematic data exist for the treatment of these signs.
QJM 2008 101(4):291-298
Intravenous alteplase is licensed for treatment of ischaemic stroke within 3 h of onset. Up to one-third of patients in the UK present to hospital within this time window but few are treated.
Increasing regulation of medical research, in particular the requirement for explicit consent, may reduce the quantity and quality of clinical epidemiological research.
Little is known about age and cerebral autoregulation in children with traumatic brain injury (TBI). The authors compared cerebral autoregulation between young (aged <4 yr) and older (aged >=4 yr) children with TBI.
Future Neurology, Volume 3, Number 2, March 2008 , pp. 199-216(18)
Pediatric stroke research presents many challenges. Relatively low incidence, need for age stratification, diverse etiologies, delays in diagnosis, lack of an established age-based stroke severity scale and outcome measures are only some of the issues that have prevented the implementation of clinical trials in infants and children with stroke.
Sarcoidosis is a chronic disease of unknown etiology characterized by the presence of T lymphocytes, mononuclear phagocytes, and noncaseating epithelioid granulomas in the tissues.
The primary aim of this article is to critically review the clinical features and comorbidities, epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of impulse control disorder (ICD) associated with Parkinson disease (PD).
Future Neurology, Volume 3, Number 2, March 2008 , pp. 189-198(10)
During the time period following damage, the brain undergoes widespread reorganizational processes. Manipulations of behavioral experience can be potent therapeutic interventions for shaping this reorganization and enhancing long-term functional outcome.
Isolated left ventricular noncompaction (ILVNC) is a rare congenital condition that is the result of an intrauterine developmental arrest, which stops the compaction of the loose myocardial fiber meshwork of the left ventricle.
International Journal of Cancer Volume 122, Issue 11 , Pages 2503 - 2510
Deletion of the short arm of chromosome 1 is common in oligodendroglial tumors and has been identified as a powerful molecular marker for response to radio- and chemotherapy as well as favorable prognosis.
Histological analyses of glioblastoma cells after carbon-ion exposure are still limited and ultrastructural characteristics have not been investigated in detail.
Inflammatory pseudotumors (IPs) arising in the CNS (IP-CNS) are quite rare. We report here a case of IP in a 5-year-old boy. Intraoperatively there was a well-defined extra-axial lesion in the right frontobasal region with CSF all around.
Since it has recently been reported that caveolin-1 (cav-1) may favor the progression of prostatic and renal cancers by stimulating tumor neoangiogenesis, we thought it of interest to analyze the correlation between cav-1 expression and tumor microvessel density (MVD) in meningiomas.
We report an autopsy case of congenital astrocytoma and its histopathological changes during 5 years of the patient's development from birth to death. At birth, a right exophthalmic tumor was observed, and MRI revealed that the tumor occupied the right orbital space and had also affected the suprasellar diencephalic structures.
Neuropathology Volume 28 Issue 2 Page 165-170, April 2008
We report a case of clear-cell ependymoma in a 20-month-old girl who presented with seizures. The tumor had several uncommon features including a solid consistency, a purely intracortical location, and a remarkable degree of desmoplasia.
We report on deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the ventral intermediate part of the thalamus in 4 patients with complex tremor syndromes, 2 classified as Holmes tremor (HT) and 2 as thalamic tremor (TT).
This report describes the long-term follow-up of chronic stimulation of the posterior limb of the internal capsule (IC) adjacent to the sensory thalamus in an elderly patient who suffered pain and spasticity in the left leg due to stroke.
To assess the variability of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) size, orientation and target coordinates from direct visualization on high-resolution magnetic resonance (MR) images in patients undergoing surgical intervention for Parkinson's disease.
In subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) lead implantation, it is still controversial whether it is more appropriate to employ indirect or direct methods in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based tentative targeting and to select single- or multiple-track recording in electrophysiological definitive targeting.
In Spain, stroke is one of the major causes of death and the main cause of severe disability in people over 65 years. We analyzed the incidence of ischemic stroke, stroke subtypes, case fatality and disability at 90 days after the event in a Spanish population.
In the cerebral cortex, GABAergic interneurons are often regarded as fast-spiking cells. We have identified a type of slow-spiking interneuron that offers distinct contributions to network activity.
Cannabinoid receptors play key roles in brain function, and cannabinoid effects in brain physiology and drug-related behavior are thought to be mediated by receptors present in neurons. Neuron-astrocyte communication relies on the expression by astrocytes of neurotransmitter receptors.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 268, Issue 1, Pages 150-159 (15 May 2008)
Functional outcome has become a key parameter for the determination of the efficacy of therapeutic interventions. Unfortunately, functional tests are not established for filament perforation induced subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Therefore, we evaluated generally applied functional tasks for their potential to discriminate between various degrees of neuronal damage.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 268, Issue 1, Pages 140-144 (15 May 2008)
We describe a 39-year-old Japanese woman with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS) in whom we identified a missense mutation (Gly93-Ser) in exon 4 of the Cu/Zn superoxidase dismutase-1 (SOD1) gene in which no pathological data have been available.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 268, Issue 1, Pages 131-135 (15 May 2008)
Mutations in NIPA1 cause hereditary spastic paraplegia type 6 (SPG6 HSP). Sequencing of the whole gene has revealed alterations of either of two nucleotides in eight of nine SPG6 HSP families reported to date.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 268, Issue 1, Pages 117-123 (15 May 2008)
To investigate Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD) responses to interictal epileptic discharges (IEDs) during EEG-correlated functional MRI (EEG-fMRI) in patients with partial epilepsy.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 268, Issue 1, Pages 108-116 (15 May 2008)
Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) is a neurovisceral lipid storage disorder characterized by progressive and widespread
neurodegeneration. Although some characteristic symptoms of NPC result from brainstem dysfunction, little information is available about which brainstem structures are affected.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 268, Issue 1, Pages 95-101 (15 May 2008)
To investigate longitudinal changes in the survival rate of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan, we made a retrospective hospital-based study of 454 patients diagnosed with motor neuron disease (MND) at Wakayama Medical University (WMU) Hospital between 1966 and 2005.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 268, Issue 1, Pages 83-86 (15 May 2008)
There are data in the literature indicating that the number of microembolic signals (MES) in patients with patent foramen ovale (PFO) is directly related to stroke incidence and recurrence. We thus hypothesized that the amount of artificially induced microembolic signals monitored by contrast transcranial Doppler (cTCD) would be greater in younger patients with PFO and stroke (when cryptogenic strokes related to the PFO are frequent).
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 268, Issue 1, Pages 28-32 (15 May 2008)
Although amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disorder, some ALS cases can survive beyond 10 years. However, the predictors of long survival in ALS patients remain uncertain.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 268, Issue 1, Pages 18-27 (15 May 2008)
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of diazoxide on apoptosis and the relative mechanisms in a model of brain injury induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) during deep hypothermia.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 268, Issue 1, Pages 6-11 (15 May 2008)
Sudden cardiac death is the leading cause of mortality, accounting for approximately 50% of all cardiovascular deaths and 12% deaths. Although sudden deaths are commonly seen in patients with structural and ischemic heart diseases, some patients lack any evidence of coronary atherosclerosis or structural heart abnormalities.
To study long-term consequences of brain injury on health status, driving characteristics and car accidents. To study whether driving 10 years after brain injury was retrospectively related to cognitive functioning and on-road driving performance 10 years before.
Each year in Ireland, 11 000 patients are admitted to hospital with a traumatic brain injury (TBI) but there are no data on subsequent disability in such patients. The objective of this study was to assess the management and outcome in patients of working age admitted with TBI to the unit.
To examine functional outcomes of school-age children with acquired brain injuries (ABI) at discharge from one inpatient rehabilitation programme in the Northeast, USA.
A previous study has shown that children with brain injuries are worse than their same age peers at reading emotions. It has not clearly been established that cognitive impairments and emotion processing impairments are dissociable in children and the question of whether emotion-reading skills can be selectively impaired in children after brain injury is explored here.
Large cranial defects combined with hydrocephalus after decompressive craniectomy are a common, harsh reality among patients with head trauma. Typically, a shunt is first used to relieve the hydrocephalus. However, subsequently the patients may develop a severe sinking scalp flap over the skull defect before cranioplasty, which would make the procedure difficult.
A modified Stroop task was used to investigate the hypothesis that implicit memory may be a possible mechanism for the development of acute stress disorder (ASD) in patients who have suffered a closed head injury.
The number of electrical injuries are rising in proportion to the increased use of electricity in both domestic and industrial sectors. There are multiple ways in which electricity can cause tissue damage, which can be due to direct effects, electroporation and thermal effects.
The purpose of this study was to learn more about individual beliefs and personal strategies used to support the period of recovery after stroke. It sought to identify the factors that were perceived to be enablers as well as challenges to recovery. Personal actions or experiences, which were perceived to be effective in influencing progress, would be identified.
Many disabled stroke survivors live at home supported by informal caregivers. Research has revealed that these caregivers are experiencing strain. This study aims to examine the prevalence and differences over time of caregivers' strain in the first 6 months post-stroke and to predict caregiver strain based on patients' and caregivers' characteristics and service input.
Stroke occurs in many individuals of working age and can considerably disrupt their capacity for employment and other productive activities. Few studies have examined the relationship between loss of productivity and cognitive impairment, particularly deficits in executive function. The present study examined whether performance on tests of executive function is related to employment and productivity at 12-months follow-up.
An assistive device often means an evident change in a person's ability, more easy to notice than the effects of most of other types of physiotherapy or occupational therapy intervention. In spite of this, there is very little evidence in this area.
Journal of Neurotrauma. March 1, 2008, 25(3): 225-234
Secondary brain damage after traumatic brain injury (TBI) involves neuro-inflammatory mechanisms that are mainly dependent on the intracerebral production of cytokines.
Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention 17, 484-489,
Epidemiologists routinely conduct centralized single pathology reviews to minimize interobserver diagnostic variability, but this practice does not facilitate the combination of studies across geographic regions and institutions where diagnostic practices differ.
The objective of our study was to test the hypothesis that the finding of hyperintense hippocampal signal intensity on T2-weighted MR images soon after febrile status epilepticus is associated with subsequent hippocampal volume loss and persistent abnormal signal intensity on T2-weighted images (i.e., mesial temporal sclerosis).
Children with stage IV neuroblastoma (NBIV) are often malnourished at time of diagnosis, observed as high as 50%. The emphasis of this study was to determine whether an increased resting energy expenditure (REE) is a causative factor.
Epidural abscesses in children are extremely rare, especially in the posterior fossa. In some cases antibiotic therapy and surgical drainage are insufficient for complete healing.
Brain abscesses and ischaemic strokes complicate pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs). At risk individuals are poorly recognised. Stroke/abscess risk factors have not been defined.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 29:419-424, March 2008
There are substantial challenges in the radiologic evaluation of tumor size during clinical trials, and it is important for neuroradiologists to have a firm understanding of these issues. This review will examine measurement approaches, response criteria, selection of lesions for measurement, technical imaging considerations, interval between tumor measurements and response confirmation, and validity of imaging as a measure of efficacy.
This review reports on the various presentations as well as new revealed data relating to the epileptic disorder defined as childhood epilepsy with occipital paroxysms characterized by occipital epileptic discharges recorded by electroencephalography.
Clinical Cancer Research 14, 1804-1813, March 15, 2008
To determine if hyaluronan oligomers (o-HA) antagonize the malignant properties of glioma cells and treatment-resistant glioma side population (SP) cells in vitro and in vivo.
Circulating lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) has emerged as a novel biomarker for cardiovascular diseases. However, the correlation between the plaque expression of Lp-PLA2 and plaque oxidative stress, inflammation, and stability as well as the clinical presentation remains poorly defined, especially for cerebrovascular disease.
Recently independent studies reported an association between coronary heart disease and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located at chromosome 9p21, near CDKN2A and CDKN2B genes. Given that stroke is a common complication after myocardial infarction, we investigated if the same SNPs were associated with ischemic stroke in our population.
Adult medulloblastoma accounts for less than 1% of adult intracranial tumors. Previous survival studies have been inconclusive because of small sample sizes and patient ascertainment bias.
Leukoaraiosis (LA) is associated with structural and functional vascular changes that may compromise tissue perfusion at the microvascular level. We hypothesized that the volume of LA correlated with the proportion of initially ischemic but eventually infarcted tissue in acute human stroke.
Incidence, prevalence, and mortality for stroke vary by race and ethnicity with higher rates for blacks compared with non-Hispanic whites. Little information is available regarding differences in postacute care outcomes for racial and ethnic groups after a stroke.
Characteristics of ultrasound-activated gaseous microspheres (µS) reflective of their size and quantities are needed for future dose-escalation and drug delivery trials.
The atherosclerotic process is associated with both morphological and functional changes in the carotid artery. We evaluated the relationship between these parameters of the carotid artery and the extent of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with preserved left ventricular function.
In focal ischemic cortex, cerebral blood flow autoregulation is impaired, and perfusion passively follows blood pressure variations. Although it is generally agreed that profound hypotension is harmful in acute stroke, the hemodynamic and metabolic impact of increased blood pressure on the ischemic core and penumbra are less well understood.
Although knowledge concerning cortical reorganization related to upper limb function after ischemic stroke is growing, similar data for lower limb movements are limited. Previous studies with hand movement suggested increasing recruitment of motor areas in the unlesioned hemisphere with increasing disability. We used ankle movement as a lower limb analog to test for similarities and differences in recovery patterns.
Most patients with cerebral sinus thrombosis (CST) recover after treatment with heparin, but a subgroup has a poor prognosis. Those patients may benefit from endovascular thrombolysis.
Understanding on distinct subsets of endothelial progenitor cells may provide insights of endothelial dysfunction or repair in the acute ischemic event. Recent in vitro data have reported the colony-forming unit (CFU) and outgrowth cell population as a subset of endothelial progenitor cells. In this study, we undertook to validate the significance of CFU number and outgrowth cell yield in acute stroke.
Stroke subjects treated within 3 hours had abnormal Thrombolysis in Brain Ischemia (TIBI) residual flow grades 0 to 3 before tPA on transcranial Doppler (TCD). Randomization included Controls (tPA+TCD) or Target (tPA+TCD+2.8 mL µS). The primary safety end point was symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) with worsening by >4 NIHSS points within 72 hours
Neurology Published online before print January 16, 2008
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most serious form of degenerative motor neuron disease in adults, characterized by upper and lower motor neuron degeneration, skeletal muscle atrophy, paralysis, and death.
Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology Year : 2007 Volume : 10 Issue : 4 Page : 255-258
Wilson's disease is an inborn error of copper metabolism, which is potentially treatable. This prospective study reports 21 cases of Wilson's disease from north-west India having various clinical, biochemical and radiological features. The study highlights that the juvenile forms showed predominantly dystonic features with high frequency of seizures, while elderly group of patients showed predominantly cerebellar features.
Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology Year : 2007 Volume : 10 Issue : 4 Page : 247-251
Rebleeding is an important cause for mortality following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Early intervention is believed to reduce the risk of rebleeding. However, in developing countries such as India, early intervention is often difficult due to various reasons.
Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology Year : 2007 Volume : 10 Issue : 4 Page : 259-262
We present a report on an 18-year-old boy with Niemann-Pick disease Type C (NP-C) who presented with progressive decline in scholastic performance since 9 years of age. At 12 years, he developed abnormal behavior and after 2 years had insidious onset, progressive gait ataxia and dysarthria followed by dystonia of the right upper extremity, excessive drooling, dysphagia and nasal regurgitation.
Journal of Clinical Pharmacy & Therapeutics, Volume 33, Number 2, April 2008 , pp. 175-178(4)
Autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias are clinically and genetically heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorders. There is no known treatment to prevent neuronal cell death in these disorders.
Journal of Clinical Pharmacy & Therapeutics, Volume 33, Number 2, April 2008 , pp. 211-214(4)
We present a series of cases of phenytoin toxicity where the diagnosis was initially missed. These patients all suffered unnecessary morbidity or investigations. The side-effects and unusual pharmacokinetics of phenytoin are discussed, as well as the array of potential drug interactions.
Fibroblast growth factor 5 (FGF5) is widely expressed in embryonic but scarcely in adult tissues. Here we report simultaneous overexpression of FGF5 and its predominant high-affinity receptor (FGFR1 IIIc) in astrocytic brain tumour specimens (N=49) and cell cultures (N=49).
Pediatrics International Volume 50 Issue 2 Page 189-194, April 2008
The present study was performed to investigate the effect of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) on the neurotransmitter neurokinin A (NKA) and determine its relation to the severity of neonatal hypoxia.
Here, we describe neuroimaging findings of an unusual case of severe vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia producing obstructive hydrocephalus. CT and MRI performed in a 71-year-old woman presenting with clinical features of raised intracranial pressure revealed severely ectatic and tortuous vertebral and basilar arteries.
Patients often present to the emergency department following a generalized tonic-clonic seizure, particularly of new onset. Complications associated with seizures usually arise from injuries sustained from loss of consciousness or during convulsive activity.
The latest links to journal article abstracts on Traumatic Brain Injury, Neurology, Neuropsychology, Pharmacology, Brain Injury Rehabilitation, Stroke, Trauma, Research, Assistive Technology, Community Reentry and other related clinical topics.
In the 1960s, two major works on coma by Fisher, Plum and Poser were published and ushered in the beginning of a comprehensive clinical examination in coma.
The Journal of Infectious Diseases 2008;197:1053-1061
Antibodies to factor H (fH)-binding protein (fHBP), a meningococcal vaccine antigen, activate classical complement pathway serum bactericidal activity (SBA) and block binding of the complement inhibitor fH.
Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol 26, No 9 (March 20), 2008: pp. 1504-1510
The excellent prognosis of localized neuroblastoma in infants, the overdiagnosis observed in neuroblastoma screening studies, and several case reports of regression of localized neuroblastoma prompted us to initiate a prospective cooperative trial on observation of localized neuroblastoma without cytotoxic treatment.
Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology. 30(3):249-253, March 2008
We report 2 pediatric cases of cerebral fungal infection. A patient with severe aplastic anemia developed an Aspergillus species brain abscess and pulmonary aspergillosis after peripheral blood stem cell transplantation.
Neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation has been investigated as a means to reconstitute the damaged brain after stroke. In this study, however, we investigated the effect on acute cerebral and peripheral inflammation after intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). NSCs (H1 clone) from fetal human brain were injected intravenously (NSCs-iv, 5 million cells) or intracerebrally (NSCs-ic, 1 million cells) at 2 or 24 h after collagenase-induced ICH in a rat model.
Our aim was to develop a detailed clinical description of fatal familial insomnia in a large patient group with respect to the M129V genotype. Data on 41 German fatal familial insomnia patients were analyzed. Clinical features, 14-3-3 proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography, polysomnography, and electroencephalography were studied.
Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. Focus on Clinical Research and Practice. 23(2):116-122, March/April 2008
Sixty-two persons with concussion (Glasgow Coma Scale = 15) and negative head computed tomographic scan results were examined on arrival in the ED and 3 and 6 hours later.
Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. Focus on Clinical Research and Practice. 23(2):103-115, March/April 2008
To compare the efficacy of 2 strategies, errorless learning (EL) and self-instruction training (SIT), for remediating emotion perception deficits in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI).
Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. Focus on Clinical Research and Practice. 23(2):65-73, March/April 2008
To assess the interrelations of neuropsychological tests and rating scales with in vivo behavioral observation of impulsive behavior, accounting for the mode of expression (verbal or motor).
Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. Focus on Clinical Research and Practice. 23(2):123-131, March/April 2008
Develop and validate a predictive model of the incidence of long-term disability following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and obtain national estimates for the United States in 2003.
Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. Focus on Clinical Research and Practice. 23(2):92-102, March/April 2008
Investigate mothers' mental health, mother-child relationship, and family functioning 3 months after preschool children's head trauma and hospital discharge.
A 56-year-old woman presented with involuntary left arm and leg movements. MRI with gadolinium revealed a heterogeneously enhancing, extra-axial mass at the right frontoparietal convexity, causing mass effect, vasogenic edema, and dural thickening.
Despite suggestions that glucose levels rise after stroke before falling within a few hours, the natural history and determinants of this phenomenon remain unclear. We aimed to better characterize the time course of changes in glucose levels after ischemic stroke and to identify factors that affect poststroke glycemia.
The pathomechanisms of transient global amnesia (TGA) remain enigmatic. Focal MR signal diffusion changes in the CA-1 sector of the hippocampus have been described in transient global amnesia, but the pathophysiologic correlate of these lesions is unknown.
Optimal treatment remains uncertain for patients with cognitive impairment that persists or returns after standard IV antibiotic therapy for Lyme disease.
Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology Year : 2007 Volume : 10 Issue : 4 Page : 263-265
Intracranial aspergilloma is a dreadful CNS infection with nonspecific clinical manifestation and radiological features. Therefore, delay in the diagnosis is common, resulting in a fatal outcome in almost all the cases.
American Journal of Therapeutics. 15(2):137-149, March/April 2008
Although acute myocardial infarction (MI) and acute ischemic stroke share similarities, physicians need to recognize important differences in pathophysiology and how these differences affect acute treatment and prevention to provide optimal patient care. Potential causes of acute ischemic stroke are substantially more heterogeneous than for acute MI, and available acute therapies are substantially more limited.
Trigeminal neuralgia is a debilitating condition caused by compression of the trigeminal nerve, ganglions, or divisions. Gamma knife radiosurgery has been increasingly used in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia as a non-invasive alternative to microvascular decompression and rhizotomies.
To elucidate the biological significance of dysplastic cells in malformations of cortical development, an immunohistochemical study was performed to investigate fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) expression in corticectomy specimens from epilepsy patients, including focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) with balloon cells (BCs) (n = 4; age/sex = 2M, 14F, 24M, 45M), tubers of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC-tubers) (n = 2; 1F, 3F), FCD without BCs (n = 3; 23F, 23M, 25M), and gliotic lesions (n = 3; 12M, 25M, 29M).
Neurosurgical Focus March 2008 Volume 24, Number 3-4
The results of studies conducted in the past several years have suggested that malignant brain tumors may harbor a small fraction of tumor-initiating cells that are likely to cause tumor recurrence. These cells are known as brain tumor stem cells (BTSCs) because of their multilineage potential and their ability to self-renew in vitro and to recapitulate original tumors in vivo.
Neurosurgical Focus March 2008 Volume 24, Number 3-4
Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is presumed to develop progressively as a consequence of synaptic reorganization and neuronal loss, although the exact etiology of seizure development is unknown. Nearly 30% of patients with MTLE have disabling seizures despite pharmacological treatment, and the majority of these patients are recommended for resection.
Neurosurgical Focus March 2008 Volume 24, Number 3-4
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), for which no effective treatment strategy is currently available, constitutes one of the most devastating forms of stroke. As a result, developing therapeutic options for ICH is of great interest to the medic
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