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Although in the past decade a large number of studies have been performed to identify the relationship between uric acid and stroke, the issue remains unresolved and it is not clear whether the correlation between uric acid and stroke is circumstantial or causal.
Neurological Sciences Volume 29, Number 3 / June, 2008 139-145
The aim of the study was to estimate the frequency of pneumonia and to determine the risk factors for this complication in poststroke patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD).
Neurological Sciences Volume 29, Number 3 / June, 2008 169-171
We herein report a case of ischemic stroke due to paradoxical brain embolism in a young man, a trumpet player. Extensive diagnostic investigations revealed the presence of an isolated pulmonary arteriovenous fistula as the only risk factor for stroke.
Neurological Sciences Volume 29, Number 3 / June, 2008 153-156
Only a restricted number of population studies based on long-term prognosis after a stroke have been published. We analyzed long-term survival and outcome in insular first-ever stroke population from the Aeolian Archipelago.
Most abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in limbic encephalitis involve the medial temporal lobes and are associated with memory impairment. Recent neuroimaging studies have shown that not only the medial temporal lobes, but also the prefrontal lobes, contribute to cognitive functions.
Brain tumors are uncommon etiologies of parkinsonism. The clinical manifestations of tumoral parkinsonism may sometimes resemble those of idiopathic origin. Increased awareness of this rare entity is important for an earlier prompt diagnosis and treatment.
Neurological Sciences Volume 29, Number 3 / June, 2008 181-183
Acute akinesia (AA) is a rare but serious complication of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) 0,3% of all patients with PD). It can be related to infectious condition, surgery, or treatment changes.
Neurological Sciences Volume 29, Number 3 / June, 2008 163-167
Posterior reversible encephalopathy is a distinctive syndrome associated with different diseases and drugs. Disease evolution is frequently favorable with an adequate treatment.
International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry Published Online: 10 Jul 2008
Quantification of drug induced parkinsonism (DIP) for study purposes is difficult. The most often used Simpson Angus Scale (SAS) lacks proper clinimetric evaluation. The newer Schedule for Assessment of Drug-Induced Movement Disorders (SADIMoD) shows good clinimetric characteristics, but has not been used in published clinical studies, probably due to the complexity of the scale.
International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry Published Online: 9 Jul 2008
The Regenerate pilot study explored whether a 10-week, community-based progressive resistance training (PRT) program could reduce depressive symptoms in depressed chronic stroke survivors.
Acta Neuropathologica Volume 116, Number 2 / August, 2008 205-213
Using post-embedding immunogold electron microscopy, TAR DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) was localized to neuronal cytoplasmic (NCI) and intranuclear
(NII) inclusions, as well as unmyelinated neurites, in frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitinated inclusions
(FTLD-U), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer’s (AD), Pick’s disease
(PiD) and Lewy body disease (LBD). The TDP-43 immunoreactive structures were morphologically heterogeneous.
European Radiology 0938-7994 (Print) 10.1007/s00330-008-1083-x
The influence of the frequency of computed tomography (CT) image acquistion on the diagnostic quality of dynamic perfusion CT (PCT) studies of the brain was investigated.
NAD+ is an essential cofactor for cellular energy production and participates in various signaling pathways that have an impact on cell survival. After cerebral ischemia, oxidative DNA lesions accumulate in neurons because of increased attacks by ROS and diminished DNA repair activity, leading to PARP-1 activation, NAD+ depletion, and cell death.
In SPARCL, treatment with atorvastatin 80 mg daily reduced stroke risk in patients with recent stroke or TIA and no known coronary heart disease by 16% versus placebo over 4.9 years of follow-up. The purpose of this secondary analysis was to determine whether men and women similarly benefited from randomization to statin treatment.
The risk of a recurrent stroke after transient ischemic attack (TIA) or minor stroke is high. Clinical trials are needed to assess acute treatment options in these patients. We sought to evaluate the type of recurrent events and to identify which subsets of patients are at risk for recurrent events.
The recent increase in clinical cardiovascular disease in Alaska Eskimos suggests that changes in traditional lifestyle may have adverse public health consequences. This study examines the prevalence of subclinical vascular disease and its relation to risk factors in Alaska Eskimos.
A safe and effective tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) dose for childhood stroke has not been established. This article describes a Bayesian outcome-adaptive method for determining the best dose of an experimental agent and explains how this method was used to design a dose-finding trial for tPA in childhood.
For the survivors, activities of daily living, handicap, and depression have a significant impact on health-related quality of life (HRQOL). How the dynamic changes of these variables relate to HRQOL over time in the subacute phase of stroke recovery has not been investigated.
We analyzed the impact of detailed anatomic characteristics on the results of endovascular coil embolization for anterior communicating artery (AcoA) aneurysms and developed a predictive model estimating the probability of successful endovascular treatment.
The management of unruptured intracranial aneurysms remains controversial and the results of endovascular treatment are not precisely known because no prospective data exist. The first prospective multicenter study (ATENA) was conducted in Canada and France to determine clinical outcome and risks of this treatment.
Sleep apnea is very common after stroke and is associated with poor outcome. Supine sleep is known to exacerbate apneas in the general sleep apnea population. We therefore investigated the pattern of sleep positions in the acute stroke period.
The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of a quality improvement program for improving stroke care and the determinants of success at the team and hospital levels.
Quantification of early ischemic changes (EIC) may predict functional outcome in patients with basilar artery occlusion (BAO). We tested the validity of a novel CT score, the posterior circulation Acute Stroke Prognosis Early CT score (pc-ASPECTS).
Organized stroke care is an integrated approach to managing stroke to improve stroke outcomes by ensuring that optimal treatment is offered. However, limited information is available comparing different levels of organized care. Our aim was to determine whether escalating levels of organized care can improve stroke outcomes.
Choline and creatine are commonly used as denominators for other metabolites in ischemic stroke spectroscopy, assuming that they do not change. We investigated their concentration variation over time after stroke.
The clinical usefulness of noninvasive measurement of carotid intima media thickness and plaque visualization in the general population is still uncertain.
Previous studies have demonstrated the association between alcohol consumption and cardiovascular mortality. However, the sex-specific association between alcohol consumption and mortality from stroke and coronary heart disease remains unclear.
Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care. 65(1):66-72, July 2008
Most case series involving routine serial computed tomography (CT) scans of the head in patients with mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) have suggested that they only occasionally provide useful information and imply that the practice is unnecessary and wasteful.
Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care. 65(1):73-79, July 2008
Percutaneous tracheostomy (PT) is performed routinely on neurosurgical patients in many critical care units. Some of these patients suffer from severe brain injury and require intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring.
It has been almost 4 decades since the descriptions of the 3 parts of multiple system atrophy (MSA) have taken place, characterized clinically by dysautonomia, parkinsonism, and cerebellar dysfunction.
Neurological Sciences Volume 29, Number 3 / June, 2008 131-137
Antitumor and immunosuppressant treatment-related neurotoxicity can determine nonspecific clinical syndromes. Exclusion of other possible causes, among which tumor progression, appearance of paraneoplastic disease, renal or hepatic failure, diabetes or hypertension, is relevant.
Infection and hemorrhage are well-known complications from insertion of intracranial shunts. However, permanent injury to the brain caused by catheterization of the cerebral ventricles has rarely been reported.
Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care. 65(1):80-85, July 2008
In the adult brain, migrating neuroblasts can replace damaged neurons after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Little is known about which factors determine the magnitude and amplification of neurogenesis after TBI, but there are some evidences that the nerve growth factor (NGF) and the doublecortin (DCX) can influence neurogenesis and neuronal repair.
Acute stroke management practices in rural areas of the United States are suboptimal, which creates an unacceptable health disparity between urban patients with stroke and their rural counterparts.
Intracranial angioplasty stenting may be an efficient therapy in patients with intracranial atherosclerotic symptomatic vertebrobasilar artery stenosis unresponsive to optimal medical therapy.
Although encephalitis lethargica (EL) appeared in epidemic form in the Soviet Union during the 1920s as it did in most of the world, the Western literature, particularly English, contains little information about the manifestations of the disease there. Here we summarize articles by prominent Russian neurologists who wrote about the disease as they viewed it during the epidemic period.
Oral anticoagulation is highly effective for secondary prevention of cardioembolic strokes in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). There are no studies investigating timing and complications of different strategies for initiation of oral anticoagulation after acute stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA).
In 1998, the European Medicines Agency suspended the approval for tolcapone in Parkinson's disease (PD) with motor complications due to the drug's implication in fulminant liver failure and the consequent death of 3 patients. Clinical data obtained by ongoing use of tolcapone in other countries proved that adequate safety can be achieved if liver enzymes are strictly monitored.
Depressive symptoms occur in approximately one-third of stroke patients. We sought to evaluate whether an integrated model of stroke care and secondary prevention reduced depressive symptomatology in stroke survivors.
Tandem occlusion of the arteries at the extracranial and intracranial segments is a unique cause of ischemic stroke and is often associated with a poor prognosis. Although tandem occlusion is occasionally found during intra-arterial thrombolysis (IAT), as of yet no clear therapeutic strategy has been elucidated.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with substantial burden and is a strong risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, data on the relationship between CKD and stroke are few and are limited by unreliable or inadequate assessment of renal function.
Most patients with cardioembolic stroke require long-term anticoagulation. Still, uncertainty exists regarding the best mode of starting long-term anticoagulation.
Generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (GEFS+) is a familial autosomal dominant entity characterized by the association of febrile and afebrile seizures.
Recent therapeutic advances have improved standard treatment for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma. Unfortunately, even with these improvements, only a fraction of patients derive significant benefit and experience prolonged survival.
A 39-year-old woman presented with generalized seizures. Clinical examination findings were normal. Brain computed tomography showed 2 hyperdense subcortical lesions in the right temporal and frontal lobes. Enhancement was seen in the temporal lesion after contrast injection.
Isolated facial sensory loss may be the result of ischemic stroke of the ventroposteromedial nucleus. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) may depict this exceedingly unusual pure sensory stroke presentation.
A 41-year-old man sought medical assistance because of discrete memory deficit in the last 3 years. He had been working as a welder for more than 20 years and never used safety measures to avoid the toxic side effects from the welding fumes.
This book differentiates itself from others in the market by focusing on the genetic underpinnings of Parkinson disease (PD) and provides a detailed coverage of the associated neuropathology, molecular mechanisms, and new experimental models.
Diffusion–perfusion mismatch has been used to estimate salvageable tissue and predict potential for recovery in acute stroke. Location of the salvageable tissue may be as important as volume or percentage in predicting potential for recovery of specific functions.
Febrile status epilepticus (FSE) has been associated with hippocampal injury and subsequent mesial temporal sclerosis and temporal lobe epilepsy. However, little is known about the semiology of FSE.
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of vascular risk factors associated with a prothrombotic state. We aimed to evaluate the impact of MetS on the response to systemic tPA treatment in patients with acute middle cerebral artery (MCA) ischemic stroke.
Spinal Cord advance online publication 15 July 2008; doi: 10.1038/sc.2008.86
Manual emptying of rectal contents is necessary for patients with spinal cord injury to prevent bowel obstruction; however, this maneuver induces a rise in blood pressure (BP) and autonomic dysreflexia (AD).
The prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD) increases with age. In an aging population, an understanding of the management of late complications of PD is becoming ever more important.
In older adults, the prevalence of cerebral microbleeds may be significantly higher than commonly believed and risk factors vary according to microbleed location.
Current Opinion in Critical Care. 14(4):445-450, August 2008
Appropriate measurements of success in trauma systems are evolving. We review the rationale behind prior trauma and rehabilitation outcomes measures, and how they have led to the current rehabilitation tools in use today. In addition, we review the difficulties with current methods and future improvements that need to occur.
Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol 26, No 20 (July 10), 2008: pp. 3387-3394
Assessment of radiologic response (RR) for brain tumors utilizes the Macdonald criteria 8 to 10 weeks from the start of treatment. Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using a functional diffusion map (fDM) may provide an earlier measure to predict patient survival.
Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases First Published on: 10 July 2008
The present study was carried out between July 2003 and December 2005 in PGIMER, Chandigarh, India and aimed to compare IgM capture ELISA and nested RT-PCR for the diagnosis of Japanese encephalitis (JE). The samples collected were cerebrospinal fluid and blood from 40 febrile patients with encephalitis (n = 40, group I) and blood samples from febrile patients without encephalitis residing in JE endemic areas (n = 45, group II). Overall, in CSF samples JE specific RNA was detected in 9/40 (22.5%), while 7/28 (25%) patients showed the presence of specific IgM antibodies.
Southern Medical Journal. 101(7):764-766, July 2008
A 49-year-old white female presented to the emergency room complaining of severe headaches. A brain computed tomography (CT) showed a large right temporal mass that measured 2.9 x 5 cm. Sodium was low at admission, which indicated syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH).
Journal of Clinical Ultrasound Published Online: 9 Jul 2008
Microembolic signals (MES) can be detected in a variety of clinical situations using conventional transcranial Doppler (TCD) sonography. We studied the prevalence of positive MESs in acute stroke patients with intracranial artery stenosis using power M-mode Doppler (PMD) sonography and also tested the feasibility of this new technique.
Our objective was to identify risk factors that were associated with mortality and adverse neurologic outcome at 18 months of age in preterm infants with periventricular hemorrhagic infarction.
To assess the prognostic implications of both the absolute spike frequency over the affected temporal lobe and the relative spike distribution between the two temporal lobes (i.e., uni- vs bitemporal spike distribution) for postoperative seizure control in a series of consecutive patients with medically refractory mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) and MRI evidence of unilateral hippocampal atrophy (HA).
Herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (TK) gene transfer followed by ganciclovir (GCV) administration is an approach investigated for glioblastoma treatment.
Blood Coagulation & Fibrinolysis. 19(5):415-419, July 2008
Stroke is a multiple genetic disease. Platelet-derived growth factor-D has been found to be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, suggesting possible association between platelet-derived growth factor-D and the development of ischemic stroke. However, little information on the relationship between platelet-derived growth factor-D and stroke is currently available.
High-dose systemic dexamethasone is effective in facilitating extubation of ventilated infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Although the suppression and recovery of pituitary-adrenal response had been assessed after corticosteroid treatment in very low birth weight infants, its effect on hypothalamic function has not been longitudinally monitored.
Journal of Neuro-Oncology 0167-594X (Print) 10.1007/s11060-008-9642-1
Meningiomas are common intracranial tumors that occur in extra-axial locations, most often over the cerebral convexities or along the skull-base. Although often histologically benign these tumors frequently present challenging clinical problems.
Journal of Neuro-Oncology 0167-594X (Print) 10.1007/s11060-008-9632-3
Early prediction of imminent failure during chemotherapy for malignant glioma has the potential to guide proactive alterations in treatment before frank tumor progression.
Journal of Neuro-Oncology 0167-594X (Print) 10.1007/s11060-008-9633-2
Primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL), a rare form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that is confined to the brain, is usually of B-cell origin. Primary leptomeningeal lymphoma, regardless of T or B-cell origin, is an unusual site of presentation.
DNA hypermethylation-mediated gene silencing is a frequent and early contributor to aberrant cell growth and invasion in cancer. Malignant gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors in adults and the second most common tumor in children.
European Journal of Emergency Medicine. 15(4):187-195, August 2008
Status epilepticus (SE) is a common medical emergency. Two problems continue to militate against improved outcome in SE, namely, failure to recognize the wide spectrum of clinical presentation and failure to treat in an appropriately aggressive and timely manner.
Limited information exists about the clinical and biological features of radiation-induced meningiomas (RIMs), particularly those that follow high-dose therapeutic radiation.
Pharmacotherapy of central nervous system (CNS) disorders (e.g., neurodegenerative diseases, epilepsy, brain cancer, and neuro-AIDS) is limited by the blood-brain barrier. P-glycoprotein, an ATP-driven, drug efflux transporter, is a critical element of that barrier.
Current Opinion in Neurology. 24(4):454-460, August 2008
In the past 18 months, several important studies on the epidemiology of Parkinson's disease have been published. In particular, large cohorts have identified sufficient incident patients with Parkinson's disease to study risk or protective factors of Parkinson's disease; one of the important recent events in the field is the publication of some of their findings.
Current Opinion in Neurology. 24(4):446-451, August 2008
The present article describes current indications for functional MRI in the preoperative planning of neurosurgical patients. Functional MRI continues to have an expanding role.
Movement disorders
Current Opinion in Neurology. 24(4):497-503, August 2008
Recent findings: Basic research is providing novel insights into the complex molecular pathways involved in the pathogenesis of Huntington's disease. Several mechanisms have been identified that mediate neuronal dysfunction and death; these include neuronal aggregation of the mutated protein, transcriptional dysregulation, excitotoxicity, altered energy metabolism, impaired axonal transport, and altered synaptic transmission.
Current Opinion in Neurology. 24(4):410-416, August 2008
Longitudinal studies that use MRI scans performed over multiple time-points have been increasingly employed in the study of different neurological disorders, including degenerative dementia, multiple sclerosis, and epilepsy.
Current Opinion in Neurology. 24(4):437-445, August 2008
Electromagnetic source imaging of interictal epileptiform activity with electroencephalography or magnetoencephalography seems a logical first step in locating the epileptogenic zone in partial epilepsy. However, a lack of standardization contributes to an undeserved low-key 'image' of electromagnetic source imaging. After a clinical and technical review, we propose a practical guide how to apply electromagnetic source imaging.
Current Opinion in Neurology. 24(4):393-403, August 2008
Diffusion tractography and functional/effective connectivity MRI provide a better understanding of the structural and functional human brain connectivity. This review will underline the major recent methodological developments and their exceptional respective contributions to physiological and pathophysiological studies in vivo. We will also emphasize the benefits provided by computational models of complex networks such as graph theory.
Current Opinion in Neurology. 24(4):461-471, August 2008
Gait disorders and balance impairments are one of the most incapacitating symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Here, we discuss the latest findings regarding epidemiology, assessment, pathophysiology and treatment of gait and balance impairments in Parkinson's disease.
Current Opinion in Neurology. 24(4):417-423, August 2008
The review summarizes current knowledge about what fMRI has revealed regarding the neurobehavioral correlates of sleep deprivation and sleep-dependent memory consolidation.
Current Opinion in Neurology. 24(4):484-490, August 2008
To elucidate the pathophysiology of some clinical features of dystonic patients and to provide some new insight into the mechanisms underlying task-specific dystonia.
Current Opinion in Neurology. 24(4):404-409, August 2008
Understanding the structure and function of the human brain is intrinsically interesting and fundamental to improved diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of human neurological diseases, which constitute an increasing global burden.
Current Opinion in Neurology. 24(4):472-477, August 2008
Sleep problems are frequent and disabling in patients with Parkinson's disease. Recent data provide major advances in the mechanisms and consequences of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorders, insomnia and narcolepsy-like daytime sleepiness.
The goal was to determine whether amelioration of sleep-disordered breathing through adenotonsillectomy would reduce middle cerebral artery velocity in parallel with improvements in cognition and behavior.
Journal of Pediatric Psychology 2008 33(7):707-718
The aim was to examine functional outcomes following traumatic brain injury (TBI) during early childhood, to investigate impairments up to 5 years postinjury and identify predictors of outcome.
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare but often fatal demyelinating disease of the central nervous system induced by the JC virus. It mainly occurs in immunocompromised patients. Growing interest in rheumatology has arisen from reports of patients with rheumatic diseases suffering from PML.
Current Opinion in Neurology. 24(4):431-436, August 2008
The aim of this article is to review the latest clinical trials in neurological diseases where magnetic resonance imaging was used to assess treatment outcome.
Medication nonadherence can be as high as 50% and results in suboptimal patient outcomes. Stroke patients in particular can benefit from pharmacotherapy for thrombosis, hypertension, and dyslipidemia but are at high risk for medication nonpersistence.
Neuroscientists have been looking for good examples linking neuronal activity to gene expression/regulation involved in synaptic plasticity and the formation of long-term memories. New findings from Park et al. and Waung et al. in this issue of Neuron show that fast dendritic translation of the immediate-early gene Arc/Arg3.1 is involved in hippocampal mGluR-LTD, a protein synthesis-dependent form of plasticity.
Although noncholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain are known to contribute to cognition, their response properties in behaving animals is unclear. In this issue of Neuron, Lin and Nicolelis demonstrate that these neurons represent the motivational salience of sensory stimuli and may modulate cortical processing to direct top-down attention.
Central processing of acoustic cues is critically dependent on the balance between excitation and inhibition. This balance is particularly important for auditory neurons in the lateral superior olive, because these compare excitatory inputs from one ear and inhibitory inputs from the other ear to compute sound source location.
There are scant prospective studies defining improvements in critical outcome measures with hormone replacement in hypopituitarism secondary to brain injury.
Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics July 2008 Volume 2, Number 1
In this paper the authors define the role of the cortical subarachnoid space (CSAS) in poorly understood forms of hydrocephalus to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics to improve understanding of the importance of the CSAS and its role in selecting patients for endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV).
Journal of Medical Systems 0148-5598 (Print) 10.1007/s10916-008-9177-1
This Paper presents an automated method of Epileptic Spike detection in Electroencephalogram (EEG) using Deterministic Finite Automata (DFA). It takes pre-recorded single channel EEG data file as input and finds the occurrences of Epileptic Spikes data in it.
Recent evidence indicates that methyl jasmonate, a plant stress hormone, exhibits anticancer activity on human cancer cells. Whether methyl jasmonate could inhibit the growth of human neuroblastoma cells still, however, remains largely unknown. In this study, administration of methyl jasmonate to cultured neuroblastoma cell lines, SK-N-SH and BE(2)-C, resulted in a decrease of cell viability in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner as demonstrated by MTT colorimetry and colony formation assay.
Second malignancy as a long-term complication in survivors of advanced-stage neuroblastoma is rare, but it is becoming recognized more frequently. We report an unusual case of a soft-tissue sarcoma developing within a retroperitoneal primary following previous extensive treatment for metastatic neuroblastoma using multimodality imaging including PET/CT.
Sporadic Parkinson disease (sPD) or brainstem-predominant type of Lewy body (LB) disease, and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), the two most frequent {alpha}-synucleinopathies, are progressive multisystem neurodegenerative disorders with widespread occurrence of {alpha}-synuclein (AS) deposits in the central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous system. For both LB-related disorders, staging/classification systems based on semiquantitative assessment of the distribution and progression pattern of Lewy-related/AS pathology are used that are considered to be linked to clinical dysfunctions.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2008 Issue 2
Research shows that stroke patients and their families are dissatisfied with the information provided and have a poor understanding of stroke and associated issues.
Clinical Cancer Research 14, 4053-4058, July 1, 2008
Cerebellar medulloblastoma is a highly malignant, invasive embryonal tumor with preferential manifestation in children. Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS) with NBS1 germ-line mutations is a rare autosomal recessive disease with clinical features that include microcephaly, mental and growth retardation, immunodeficiency, increased radiosensitivity, and predisposition to cancer.
Clinical Cancer Research 14, 4154-4160, July 1, 2008
Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant embryonal brain tumor in children. The current clinical risk stratification to select treatment modalities is not optimal because it does not identify the standard-risk patients with resistant disease or the unknown number of high-risk patients who might be overtreated with current protocols.
Clinical Cancer Research 14, 4059-4066, July 1, 2008
The potential of metastasis can be predicted from clinical features like tumor size, histologic grade, and gene expression patterns. We examined the whole-genome transcriptomic profile of a xenograft model of breast cancer to understand the characteristics of brain metastasis.
Sensory disturbances are part of the clinical picture of Parkinson's disease. Abnormalities in sensory processing, through a basal ganglia involvement, are thought to be responsible for the sensory dysfunction since sensory nerve conduction velocity (NCV) is usually normal. However, NCV does not examine small fibres or terminal endings of large sensory fibres, whereas skin biopsy is more suitable for these purposes.
High-frequency oscillations (ripples) have been described in the hippocampus and rhinal cortex of both animals and human subjects and have been linked to replay and consolidation of previously acquired information.
Pallidal deep brain stimulation (DBS) is currently the most effective treatment for advanced, medically refractory dystonia. However, factors predicting clinical outcome are not well defined.
The identification of brain regions generating seizures ("epileptogenic
zone", EZ) in patients with refractory partial epilepsy is crucial prior to surgery. During pre-surgical evaluation, this identification can be performed from the analysis of intracerebral EEG.
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder with uncertain aetiology and ill-defined pathophysiology. Activated microglial cells in the substantia nigra (SN) are found in all animal models of Parkinson's disease and patients with the illness.
British Journal of Cancer 1 July 2008; doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604459
TRAIL/Apo-2L has shown promise as an anti-glioma drug, based on investigations of TRAIL sensitivity in established glioma cell lines, but it is not known how accurately TRAIL signalling pathways of glioma cells in vivo are reproduced in these cell lines in vitro.
Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 27(7):651-652, July 2008
A 9-year-old girl with hereditary spherocytosis developed aplastic crisis and encephalopathy associated with human parvovirus B19 (PVB19) infection. During the clinical course, we followed PVB19 DNA in her plasma and cerebrospinal fluid by real-time polymerase chain reaction and found that her symptoms of encephalopathy had occurred at the peak viral load. PVB19-associated encephalopathy might occur as a result of direct invasion by PVB19.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) affects people of all ages, but whether the wide range of age at onset is due to distinct diseases or merely reflects phenotypic variability of the same disorder is still unknown.
Journal of Neurosurgery July 2008 Volume 109, Number 1
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a serious public health crisis requiring continuous improvement in pre-hospital and inhospital care. This condition results in a hypermetabolic state that increases systemic and cerebral energy requirements, but achieving adequate nutrition to meet this demand has not been a priority in reducing death due to TBI. The effect of timing and quantity of nutrition on death within the first 2 weeks of injury was analyzed in a large prospective database of adult patients with severe TBI in New York State.
Doppel, a prion-like protein, is a GPI-membrane anchored protein generally not expressed in the Central Nervous System (CNS) of different mammalian species, including human. Nevertheless, in astrocytomas, a particular kind of glial tumors, the doppel encoding gene (PRND) is over-expressed and the corresponding protein product (Dpl) is ectopically localized in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells.
Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics July 2008 Volume 2, Number 1
Previous reports suggest that the use of adjustable differential-pressure valves may improve shunt performance. The absence of a flow- or siphon-controlled mechanism, however, is a concern. The goal of this prospective study was to assess the efficacy of valve adjustments in preventing slitlike ventricles in children < 6 months old after the first shunt insertion.
Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics July 2008 Volume 2, Number 1
Although a cerebrospinal fluid shunt procedure is one of the most frequently performed operations in pediatric neurosurgery, the infection rate due to the procedure is not low. The authors have hypothesized that the key to reducing surgical shunt infections is to reduce bacteria from the operating field and wound. This hypothesis has been tested in a prospective nonrandomized controlled study at the authors' department.
Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics July 2008 Volume 2, Number 1
The authors evaluated the efficacy of treating patients with pseudotumor cerebri (PTC) and headaches due to increased intracranial pressure (ICP) by using a lumboperitoneal (LP) shunt with a programmable valve and ventricular access device (VAD).
Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with encephalitis were prepared by an Expert Panel of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. The guidelines are intended for use by health care providers who care for patients with encephalitis.
It has been axiomatic that echinocandins (e.g., caspofungin) are ineffective against mucormycosis. However, on the basis of preclinical data, we recently began treating rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) with combination polyene-caspofungin therapy.
Previously, we identified noscapine as a small molecule inhibitor of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 pathway in hypoxic human glioma cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Noscapine is a nontoxic ingredient in cough medicine currently used in clinical trials for patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic leukemia to assess antitumor efficacy.
Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin 0175-3851 (Print) 10.1007/s00390-008-0901-3
Die prospektive Studie untersucht, welche Parameter zu einer erfolgreichen Extubation oder einer unvermeidbaren Tracheotomie beim schweren Schädel-Hirn-Trauma (SHT) führen.
PEDIATRICS Vol. 122 No. 1 July 2008, pp. e172-e180
Traumatic brain injury is a leading cause of death in children. On the basis of evidence of better outcomes, the American College of Surgery Committee on Trauma recommends that children with severe traumatic brain injury receive care at high-level trauma centers. We assessed rates of adherence to these recommendations and factors associated with adherence.
Malignant gliomas are the most common primary intrinsic brain tumors and are highly lethal. The widespread migration and invasion of neoplastic cells from the initial site of tumor formation into the surrounding brain render these lesions refractory to definitive surgical treatment.
Schwannomas are tumors of the nervous system that occur sporadically and in patients with the cancer predisposition syndrome neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2). Schwannomas and all NF2-related tumors are caused by loss of the tumor suppressor merlin.
Recent studies have suggested that cortical gamma-oscillations are tightly linked with various forms of physiological activity. In the present study, the dynamic changes of intracranially recorded median-nerve somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEPs) and somatosensory-induced gamma-oscillations were animated on a three-dimensional MR image, and the temporal and spatial characteristics of these activities were analysed in 10 children being evaluated for epilepsy surgery.
In the central nervous system (CNS) of man, evolutionary pressure has preserved some capability for remyelination while axonal regeneration is very limited. In contrast, two efficient programmes of regeneration exist in the adult fish CNS, neurite regrowth and remyelination.
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and of serious disability with significant impact on patients’ long-term survival. The short-term evolution following stroke can associate acute kidney injury (AKI) as a possible complication, frequently overlooked and underestimated in clinical trials.
Symptomatic neonatal hypoglycemia may be associated with later neurodevelopmental impairment. Brain injury patterns identified on early MRI scans and their relationships to the nature of the hypoglycemic insult and neurodevelopmental outcomes are poorly defined.
Severe gait disturbances and freezing episodes (frequently resistant to optimal dopaminergic treatment) often appear in advanced Parkinson disease (PD). Even several years after initiation, high-frequency subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) is still very effective for controlling segmental symptoms.
Spinal Cord advance online publication 8 July 2008
A recently characterized CatSper genes, encodes for unique Ca2+ channels in the testes, where they play essential roles in sperm motility. The aim of this research is to evaluate potential changes in the expression of CatSper genes, sperm parameters and testis histology following spinal cord injury (SCI).
To evaluate the prescribing of valproate in clozapine-treated individuals who may be at risk of seizure. We collected point-prevalent clinical characteristics and demographics of all in-patients prescribed clozapine in an acute mental health trust. Data were collected from case notes, electronic records and drug charts, and analysed against a set audit standard.
We looked retrospectively at referrals over 1 year and determined the length of time from receipt of the referral to the date when authorisation to see the patient was given, and the time from authorisation to first contact. For in-patients we determined the time from the recommendation for admission to the time authorisation was granted, and the time from authorisation to admission.
Cerebral malaria affects >785000 African children every year. We previously documented an increased frequency of cognitive impairment in children with cerebral malaria 6 months after their initial malaria episode. This study was conducted to determine the long-term effects of cerebral malaria on the cognitive function of these children.
Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics July 2008 Volume 2, Number 1
The authors propose that anterior callosotomy-thought to have some advantages over total callosotomy-is not superior to total callosotomy for prevention of seizure propagation or other complications.
Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Volume 32, Number 1, July 2008 , pp. 50-60(11)
To illustrate and determine the significance of abnormal Sylvian fissure development (or abnormal operculization) in cases in which prenatal cerebral imaging is suggestive of underlying cortical dysplasia.
Neuronal leucine-rich repeat protein-1 (NLRR1) gene encodes a type I transmembrane protein with unknown function. We have previously described that NLRR1 gene is highly expressed in unfavorable neuroblastomas as compared with favorable tumors and its higher expression levels correlate significantly with poor clinical outcome.
Journal of Neurosurgery July 2008 Volume 109, Number 1
Multidetector CT has become widely available and with it the ability to rapidly create detailed reformatted images. Multiplanar images can be created depicting the anatomy in planes other than the traditional axial plane, using isotropic to near-isotropic data.
Journal of Neurosurgery July 2008 Volume 109, Number 1
The authors previously demonstrated that 17{beta}-estradiol benzoate (E2) treatment prevents subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)-induced cerebral vasospasm and preserves endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in male rats.
Journal of Neurosurgery July 2008 Volume 109, Number 1
Occipital lobe epilepsy (OLE) accounts for a small percentage of extratemporal epilepsies and only few and mostly small patient series have been reported. Preoperative findings, surgical strategies, histopathological bases, and postoperative outcomes for OLE remain to be elucidated.
Journal of Neurosurgery July 2008 Volume 109, Number 1
Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy may provide important clinical information in the acute stages of brain injury. For this to occur it must be ensured that intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring devices are safe to bring into the MR imaging suite.
Journal of Neurosurgery July 2008 Volume 109, Number 1
Musculoskeletal tumors are not usually encountered at the skull base. Benign lesions such as cholesterol granuloma, cholesteatoma, fibrous dysplasia, and Paget disease are common examples of such tumors arising from the bone of the cranial base.
Journal of Neurosurgery July 2008 Volume 109, Number 1
Craniopharyngiomas are challenging tumors that most frequently occur in the sellar or suprasellar regions. Microscopic transsphenoidal resections with various extensions and variations have been performed with good results. The addition of the endoscope as well as the further expansion of the standard and extended transsphenoidal approaches has not been well evaluated for the treatment of this pathological entity.
Journal of Neurosurgery July 2008 Volume 109, Number 1
The use of liquid embolic agents for endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysms is evolving. The authors' aim was to evaluate the use of Onyx HD-500 in an experimental aneurysm model and to obtain histological and angiographic long-term results.
Journal of Neurosurgery July 2008 Volume 109, Number 1
Since the initial 1991 report by Tsubokawa et al., stimulation of the M1 region of cortex has been used to treat chronic pain conditions and a variety of movement disorders.
Journal of Neurosugery July 2008 Volume 109, Number 1
Despite efforts to elucidate both the molecular mechanism and the clinical predictors of vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (ASAH), its pathogenesis remains unclear. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a chemokine that has been firmly implicated in the pathophysiology of vasospasm and in neural tissue injury following focal ischemia in both animal models and human studies.
Journal of Neurosurgery July 2008 Volume 109, Number 1
Deep brain stimulation is now accepted as a safe and efficient treatment for movement disorders including selected types of dystonia and dyskinesia. Very little, however, is known about its effect on other movement disorders, particularly for "choreic" movements.
Journal of Neurosurgery July 2008 Volume 109, Number 1
The human leukocyte antigen-A24 (HLA-A24) allele is highly expressed in Asians. This allele is expressed in 60% of the Japanese population and in a significant number of people of other ethnicities. The interleukin-13 type {alpha}2 receptor (IL-13R{alpha}2) has been shown to be a glioma-specific antigen, and is abundantly expressed in a majority of high-grade astrocytomas.
Journal of Neurosurgery July 2008 Volume 109, Number 1
Vestibular schwannomas (VSs) with no or little extension into the internal auditory canal have been addressed as a clinical subentity carrying a poor prognosis regarding hearing preservation, which is attributed to the initially asymptomatic intracisternal growth pattern. The goal in this study was to assess hearing preservation in patients who underwent surgery for medial VSs.
Journal of Neurosurgery July 2008 Volume 109, Number 1
Skull blockade for craniotomy may result in the reduction of sympathetic stimulation associated with the application of head pins ("pinning"), improvement in intraoperative hemodynamic stability, and a decrease in intraoperative anesthetic requirements.
Journal of Neurosurgery July 2008 Volume 109, Number 1
The authors report the management protocol and successful outcomes in 6 patients with dissecting aneurysms of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA).
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society (2008), 14: 611-619
We investigated whether MCI patients with hippocampal atrophy or multiple subcortical infarcts demonstrate neuropsychological patterns and markers considered typical of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and of vascular dementia (VD), respectively.
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society (2008), 14: 526-534
There is a growing literature examining working memory deficits using functional imaging and there has been great convergence in the findings, to date, but interpretations have varied. Investigators consistently observed recruitment of neural resources in clinical samples, with some examiners attributing these findings to neural inefficiency and others attributing differences to neural compensation and/or brain reorganization.
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society (2008), 14: 656-659
Cold water near-drowning is often thought to be neuroprotective in individuals with anoxia of a longer duration than that usually required to produce irreversible neurologic damage. There is a paucity of data in adults with cold water near-drowning that assess neuropsychological outcomes.
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society (2008), 14: 511-525
While the cognitive disturbances that frequently follow severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) are relatively well understood, the ways in which these affect the psychosocial functioning of people with TBI are yet to be determined and have thus received little attention in treatment research. Growing evidence indicates that a significant proportion of individuals with TBI demonstrate an inability to recognize affective information from the face, voice, bodily movement, and posture.
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society (2008), 14: 651-655
The performance of 40 children with complicated mild to severe traumatic brain injury on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition (WISC-IV; Wechsler, 2003) was compared with that of 40 demographically matched healthy controls.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 271, Issue 1, Pages 53-60 (15 August 2008)
Because of similarities between brain and kidney microvascular disease, there may be a relationship between measures of renal microvascular disease and brain structural changes in middle aged or elderly individuals.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 271, Issue 1, Pages 61-67 (15 August 2008)
Hypertension is the most important modifiable risk factor for secondary stroke prevention but the immediate management of blood pressure after stroke is uncertain. We evaluated outcomes in the NINDS tPA stroke study in relation to blood pressure declines during the first 24 h after randomization.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 271, Issue 1, Pages 104-109 (15 August 2008)
The inflammation plays a critical role in the stroke onset and even in the worsening of the lesions. Therefore, the investigation of inflammatory response in the acute stage may contribute to improve the treatment of ischemic stroke. High-sensitive CRP (hsCRP), IL-6 and TNF{alpha} were measured as inflammatory markers on admission and in the 28th day after the onset.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 271, Issue 1, Pages 127-130 (15 August 2008)
The risk factors to develop stroke-related seizures are actually better understood. However, it is not known which patients are at risk to develop recurrent seizures and epilepsy.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 271, Issue 1, Pages 131-136 (15 August 2008)
We have recently observed that the corticotropin releasing factor related peptide urocortin (UCN) reverses key features of nigrostriatal neurodegeneration following intracerebral injection of either 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). To determine the potential therapeutic utility of UCN here we have studied whether these effects are sustained for several weeks following peptide injection. In addition we have studied whether UCN still shows efficacy in rats with more pronounced nigrostriatal lesions.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 271, Issue 1, Pages 158-167 (15 August 2008)
Eclampsia is a poorly understood disorder characterized by seizures or unexplained coma in setting of gestational hypertension. Its neurological manifestations are varied and are an important cause of the morbidity and mortality associated.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 271, Issue 1, Pages 168-173 (15 August 2008)
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects aged people. Although a number of genes have been linked to familial PD, the genetic causes of sporadic PD that accounts for 90% of all PD cases remain unclear.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 271, Issue 1, Pages 180-185 (15 August 2008)
Americans are increasingly searching for complementary and alternative remedies. Some data suggest that persons who use Complementary and Alternative medicine (CAM) are at a higher risk for interactions with prescription medications. We assessed CAM use among American stroke survivors as little is known about CAM in this population.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 271, Issue 1, Pages 186-190 (15 August 2008)
Anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies (GAD-Abs) are found in some patients with cerebellar ataxia. We reported previously that CSF IgGs depress cerebellar GABAergic synaptic transmissions by a presynaptic mechanism.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 271, Issue 1, Pages 203-206 (15 August 2008)
A 40-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with disturbance of consciousness and seizure. We diagnosed encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroid disease (EAATD). Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery and diffusion-weighted MRI demonstrated hyperintense lesions in the left occipitotemporal lobe on admission, but these findings disappeared on day 11 without neurological deficits, compatible with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES).
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 271, Issue 1, Pages 211-213 (15 August 2008)
Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a hereditary form of small vessel disease in which the pons may show lacunar infarcts and leukoaraiosis.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 271, Issue 1, Pages 21-28 (15 August 2008)
Microalbuminuria (MA), a microvascular irregularity of the blood-urine interface within kidney glomeruli, may reflect the renal sign of global endothelial dysfunction, and has been associated with an elevated risk of serious cardiovascular events including stroke. This relationship appears graded, with higher levels of MA being independently associated with a greater magnitude of vascular risk over time.
The general issue whether in utero exposure to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) causes congenital malformations
(teratogenicity) was raised as early as 1968. The ‘congenital hydantoin syndrome’ after intrauterine exposure to phenytoin
(PHT) was first described in 1975. In 1984, DiLiberti proposed the label ‘Fetal Valproate Syndrome’
(FVS) for children with a cluster of minor congenital anomalies in the form of dysmorphic facial appearances with or without major abnormalities after intra-uterine exposure to valproate
(VPA).
The Clinical Neuropsychologist, Volume 22, Issue 4 July 2008 , pages 603 - 619
Two studies were conducted to determine the frequency of processing speed difficulties relative to estimates of other problem-solving abilities in children with and without traumatic brain injury (TBI). The two samples consisted of 213 normally functioning school-age children and 65 TBI children and 19 trauma controls. All children were administered the WISC-III/IV Vocabulary, Block Design, and Coding subtests. The frequency of children in each sample having a Coding subtest score of 3 or 4 scale points below the Vocabulary or Block Design score (whichever one was lower) was calculated.
The Clinical Neuropsychologist, Volume 22, Issue 4 June 2008 , pages 689 - 704
This study examined the classification accuracy of the WMS-III primary indices in the detection of Malingered Neurocognitive Dysfunction (MND) in Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) using a known-groups design.
Journal of Neurotrauma. June 1, 2008, 25(6): 569-580
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a frequent and major challenge in neurological and neurosurgical practice. Apoptosis may play a role in cerebral tissue damage induced by the traumatic insult, and thus its detection and inhibition may advance patient care.
Journal of Neurotrauma. June 1, 2008, 25(6): 677-685
Clinical recovery after a lesion of the central nervous system (CNS) can be attributed to mechanisms of functional compensation, neural plasticity, and/or repair. The relative impact of each of these mechanisms after a human spinal cord injury (SCI) has been explored in a prospective European multi-center study in 460 acute traumatic SCI subjects.
Journal of Neurotrauma. June 1, 2008, 25(6): 629-639
Preliminary evidence has shown that intracerebral hemorrhages, either spontaneous (sICH) or traumatic (tICH) often expand over time. An association between hemorrhage expansion and clinical outcomes has been described for sICH.
Journal of Neurotrauma. June 1, 2008, 25(6): 615-627
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death and acquired disability in the pediatric population worldwide. We hypothesized that electroencephalography (EEG) synchrony and its temporal variability, analyzed during the acute phase following TBI, would be altered from that of normal children and as such would offer insights into TBI pathophysiology
Journal of Neurotrauma. June 1, 2008, 25(6): 593-602
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in an accumulation of edema and loss of brain tissue. Progesterone (PROG) has been reported to reduce edema and cortical tissue loss in a bilateral prefrontal cortex injury. This study tests the hypothesis that PROG is neuroprotective following a unilateral parietal cortical contusion injury (CCI). Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to a moderate unilateral TBI using the CCI model.
Journal of Neurotrauma. June 1, 2008, 25(6): 641-651
The Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) is the primary endpoint for efficacy analysis of clinical trials in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Accurate and consistent assessment of outcome after TBI is essential to the evaluation of treatment results, particularly in the context of multicenter studies and trials.
Journal of Neurotrauma. June 1, 2008, 25(6): 581-591
One of the most important recent observations in traumatic brain injury (TBI) relates to the potential role of apoptosis in secondary brain injury. We aimed to analyze the presence of apoptosis and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins in brain samples from patients with TBI.
The Internet Journal of Anesthesiology. 2008. Volume 16 Number 2
Head and neck cancer patients have anatomic and physiologic changes due to the disease itself and those associated with treatments like chemotherapy and radiotherapy that makes anesthetic management of these patients a challenge.
The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical results of Guglielmi detachable bare coil (GDC) embolization of intradural saccular aneurysms (AAs) at a single center and to relate the morphological results at various time points to the clinical situation.
Journal of Neural Transmission 0300-9564 (Print) 10.1007/s00702-008-0076-x
Several studies have shown that cannabinoids have anticonvulsant properties that are mediated through activation of the cannabinoid CB1 receptors. In addition, endogenous cannabinoid compounds (endocannabinoids) regulate synaptic transmission and dampen seizure activity via activation of the same receptors.
A hypoxic-ischemic origin of transient global amnesia (TGA) has been suggested on the basis of the observation of infarctlike diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) abnormalities in some affected individuals.
No previous study has investigated the incidence or risk of cerebrovascular diseases developing after the sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). This study sets out to estimate the risk of stroke development among SSNHL patients during a 5e-year follow-up period after hospitalization for acute episodes of SSNHL.
Little is known about the significance of patient characteristics, clinical indications, and technical details on the risk of carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS). The purpose of this study was to test these parameters as to their predictive value for the peri-interventional risk of CAS.
Stroke survivors are commonly dependent in activities of daily living; however, the relation between prestroke mobility impairment and poststroke outcomes is poorly understood. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the association between prestroke mobility impairment and 4 poststroke outcomes. The secondary objective was to evaluate the association between prestroke mobility impairment and a plan for physical therapy.
Journal of Neuro-Oncology 0167-594X (Print) 10.1007/s11060-008-9623-4
Brain metastases are a common occurrence and a major cause of mortality in non-small-cell lung cancer, with few systemic treatment options. Although targeting epidermal growth factor receptor-associated tyrosine kinase with erlotinib and gefitinib results in durable responses in some patients, the activity of these drugs against brain metastases has been poorly documented.
Calcium (Ca2+) plays a role in the cellular and molecular pathways of ischemic neuronal death. We evaluated the impact of both early and delayed Ca2+ levels on clinical outcomes from acute ischemic stroke.
Previous estimates of the prevalence of silent cerebral infarction (SCI) on MRI in community-based samples have varied between 5.8% and 17.7% depending on age, ethnicity, presence of comorbidities, and imaging techniques.
Recently, TDP-43 was established as a major component of the ubiquitinated inclusions found in both amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration with motor neuron disease (FTLD-MND).
We report the first autopsy case of genetically confirmed, autosomal-dominant
chorea-acanthocytosis (AD-ChAc), showing a heterozygous mutation
(G–A) at nucleotide position 8,295 in exon 57 of VPS13A. The patient was a 36-year-old Japanese man and the duration of his illness was 11 years.
Neuropathologically, the patient showed marked atrophy and neuronal loss, particularly small and medium-sized neurons, with astrocytic gliosis in the caudate nucleus, putamen and globus
pallidus.
The aim of this study was to examine if walking periods and number of steps can accurately be detected by a single small body-fixed device in older adults and patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).
The Internet Journal of Anesthesiology. 2008. Volume 16 Number 2
Primary brain tumors and pregnancy rarely occur together and the incidence of medulloblastoma in pregnancy is still rarer. We describe a 19-yr-old woman in the 30th week of pregnancy who underwent emergency surgery in the sitting position for a posterior fossa medulloblastoma which was causing significant mass effect.
Perineuroma, rare in children, presents as a painless mononeuropathy of a major nerve trunk. Resection of the lesion with end-to-end sural nerve grafting appears to be the treatment of choice.
We describe diffuse glioma-like infiltrates in excised tubers in five out of forty Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) patients undergoing excision of a tuber at our institution within the last 10 years.
To investigate whether secondary impairment of the transmethylation pathway is a mechanism underlying the neurologic involvement in homocystinuria due to remethylation defects.
Learning clinical neurology is the crux of neurology residency training, and is best achieved using different modalities of learning, including case-based learning. Pediatric Neurology: A Case-Based Review is one of the few books of its kind in the growing field of child neurology.
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