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Cerebellar atrophy following severe head injury in infants has been described in imaging studies. We report the case of a 4-year-old girl who died of accidental hypothermia. Three weeks before, she had sustained head injury after falling on the back of her head with linear fracture of the occipital bone.
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 14, Number 7, July 2007 , pp. 745-749(5)
We have examined the association of phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP45) and microsatellite marker AC008818-1 with ischaemic stroke, in an independent cohort of Greek patients and control individuals with no clinical manifestations of vascular disease.
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is associated with a profound decline in social and emotional behavior; however, current understanding regarding the specific aspects of emotional functioning that are preserved and disrupted is limited.
The aetiology of a psychotic disturbance can be due to a functional or organic condition. Organic aetiologies are diverse and encompass organ failures, infections, nutritional deficiencies and space-occupying lesions. Arachnoid cysts are rare, benign space-occupying lesions formed by an arachnoid membrane containing cerebrospinal fluid
(CSF).
The goal of prompt treatment following a stroke is to rescue the ischemic penumbra and to prevent the death of additional brain tissue. The authors review computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance
(MR) imaging, and MR angiography techniques for hyperacute stroke imaging. With the proper selection of imaging techniques and the timely administration of thrombolytic therapy, it is hoped that more stroke patients will have improved outcomes.
To describe the surgical approaches, the radiographic and clinical outcomes, and the long-term follow-up of patients harboring thalamic pilocytic astrocytomas after radical resection by means of a stereotactic volumetric technique.
As far as paediatric traumatic brain injury is concerned, it is difficult to quantify the extent of the primary insult, to monitor secondary changes and to predict neurological outcomes by means of the currently used diagnostic tools: physical examination, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score and computed tomography.
Musashi1 (MSI1) is an evolutionarily conserved RNA-binding protein, selectively expressed in neural stem cells
(NSCs) and considered a versatile marker for normal NSCs and tumor cell diagnosis. Here, we examined MSI1 expression in primary pediatric brain tumors, medulloblastomas and
ependymomas, by double immunostaining with lineage phenotypic markers (Lin).
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 21, Issue 2 April 2007 , pages 204 - 209
Microdialysis enables the chemistry of extracellular fluid in body tissues to be measured. Extracellular proteases such as the cysteine protease, cathepsin S
(CatS), are thought to facilitate astrocytoma invasion. Microdialysates obtained from human brain tumours in vivo were subjected to cathepsin S activity and ELISA assays. Cathepsin S ELISA expression was detected in five out of 10 tumour
microdialysates, while activity was detected in five out of 11 tumour
microdialysates.
American Journal of Forensic Medicine & Pathology. 28(2):173-176, June 2007
Intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are cerebrovascular abnormalities due to maldevelopment of the regional capillary bed, producing lesions with arteriovenous shunting. AVMs may account for as many as 1% of all sudden deaths; however, case reports in the literature are exceedingly rare.
Endogenous molecules released from disrupted cells and extracellular matrix degradation products activate Toll-like receptors
(TLRs) and, thus, might contribute to immune activation after tissue injury. Here, we show that aseptic, cold-induced cortical injury triggered an acute immune response that involves increased production of multiple
cytokines/chemokines accompanied by neutrophil recruitment to the lesion site.
Journal of Neuro-Oncology, Volume 83, Number 2, June 2007 , pp. 173-179(7)
MGMT promoter methylation, which has been correlated with the response to alkylating agents, was investigated in a retrospective series of 219 glioblastomas
(GBMs) treated with various modalities.
The aims of this study were to assess how frequently giant cell arteritis (GCA) was a cause of first-ever stroke in 4,086 patients in the Lausanne Stroke Registry and to determine the risk factors, patterns, latency and current therapy at onset in patients with GCA plus stroke.
European Journal of Emergency Medicine. 14(4):216-218, August 2007
Spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality is uncommon even in major paediatric trauma. A case is described of a 4-year-old girl sustaining multiple injuries from blunt trauma including spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality. She was profoundly shocked with extensive thoracic, abdominal and pelvic injuries. An MRI performed 8 days after injury showed an ischaemic area from T8 to L2 consistent with
hypoperfusion.
Stroke is regarded as a possible complication of burn. Some author reported that stroke developed in 22% of burned patients. However, the true incidence and the clinical characteristics of stroke occurring after burn injury are unknown.
Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy
(CADASIL) is a hereditary arteriopathy caused by mutations of the Notch3 gene. The disease is characterized by T2-hyperintense lesions
(subcortical white matter lesions), T1-hypointense lesions (lacunar lesions), and T2*-weighted gradient-echo (GE) lesions (cerebral microhemorrhages
[CMs]) visualized on clinical MRI sequences and is considered as a model of "pure" subcortical ischemic vascular dementia.
American Journal of Forensic Medicine & Pathology. 28(2):95-98, June 2007
Autonomic dysreflexia (AD) is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening clinical syndrome consisting of acute episodes of excessive, uncontrolled sympathetic output that may occur in quadriplegics and in paraplegics whose spinal cord lesions are above the level of T6. These uncontrolled bouts of sympathetic output can cause transient and pronounced elevations of blood pressure that on occasion can lead to serious sequela such as the precipitation of a hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.
Accurate and consistent outcome assessment is essential to randomized clinical trials. We aimed to explore observer variation in the assessment of outcome in a recently completed trial of dexanabinol in head injury and to consider steps to reduce such variation.
To identify the frequency of and impact on outcome of generalized convulsive status epilepticus
(GCSE) among patients with nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage
(SAH).
HydroCoil (MicroVention, Aliso Viejo, CA), a hydrogel-platinum coil hybrid device, is one of various efforts to overcome delayed recanalization of coiled intracranial aneurysms. The purpose of this study was to investigate the outcome of intracranial aneurysms treated with
HydroCoils.
Jugular foramen region schwannomas are rare intracranial tumors that usually present with multiple lower cranial nerve deficits. For some patients, complete surgical resection is possible but may be associated with significant morbidity. Stereotactic radiosurgery is a minimally invasive alternative or adjunct to microsurgery for such tumors.
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diverticula are uncommonly associated with anterior cranial base tumors. When they occur, they often complicate the surgical management of these tumors via a transsphenoidal approach. This report examines the effectiveness of transsphenoidal surgery in the treatment of these rare entities.
To introduce the utilization of a swine arteriovenous malformation (AVM) model for stereotactic radiosurgery research and to describe the morphological changes in the vessels after radiation.
The present study evaluates the effect of a novel coil with a polyvinyl alcohol
(PVA) core that delivered basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) to aneurysms in rabbits induced by
elastase.
Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand Vol90 No.6 1221 4488
Hemorrhage occurring at regions remote from the operative site is an infrequent complication. Although the mechanism remains unclear, previous reports implicate over drainage of cerebrospinal fluid as the predominant mechanism. The authors report two cases of cerebellar hemorrhage after supratentorial surgery.
Uric acid (UA) increases the neuroprotective effects of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator
(rt-PA) in experimental ischemia. In patients with stroke, increased UA levels have been linked to better stroke recovery, but the clinical safety of dual administration of UA and
rt-PA is unknown.
Journal of Neuro-Oncology, Volume 83, Number 2, June 2007 , pp. 199-204(6)
We report a 17-year-old male with disseminated intracranial choriocarcinoma at the basal ganglia whose consciousness level was very low at diagnosis. He received neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) consisting of combined chemo- and radiotherapy prior to radical excision of the tumor.
The clinical and radiological aspects of hypoxic brain injury without ischemia are not well characterized. A spectrum of clinical manifestations have been observed in patients that recover from hypoxic brain injury, including a subset that demonstrate persistent motor system disturbances. Early Magnetic Resonance Imaging
(MRI) studies have shown abnormalities in basal ganglia, cerebral and cerebellar cortex.
Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 18(1):31-51, February 2007
Macrocephaly, increased intracranial pressure, and hydrocephalus are common related conditions that lead to cross-sectional imaging of the infant and young child. Imaging plays a central role in establishing the diagnosis and guiding disposition and treatment of these patients.
European Journal of Pediatrics, Volume 166, Number 7, July 2007 , pp. 645-654(10)
Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) following perinatal asphyxia (PA) is considered an important cause of later neurodevelopmental impairment in infants born at term. This review discusses long-term consequences for general cognitive functioning, educational achievement, neuropsychological functioning and behavior.
The characterization of brain arteriovenous malformation (AVM) angioarchitecture remains rewarding in planning and predicting therapy. The increased signal-to-noise ratio at higher field strength has been found advantageous in vascular brain pathologies.
This is one of the few studies that have explored the value of baseline symptoms and health-related quality of life
(HRQOL) in predicting survival in brain cancer patients.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of the initial arterial study as a predictor of 90-day mortality in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
This event-related potentials study investigated the long-term effects associated with a history of one or multiple concussions on the N2pc and P3 components using a visual search oddball paradigm.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 21, Issue 3 June 2007 , pages 262 - 267
Virtual reality (VR) simulators have been created for various surgical specialties. The common theme is extensive use of graphics, confined spaces, limited functionality and limited tactile feedback. A development team at the University of Nottingham, UK, consisting of computer scientists, mechanical engineers, graphic designers and a neurosurgeon, set out to develop a
haptic, e.g. tactile simulator for neurosurgery making use of boundary elements (BE).
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of new treatments by examining the changes between 1990 to 1991 and 2000 to 2001 in in-hospital mortality rates and hospital charges in adult patients with stroke.
Journal of Neurotrauma Jun 2007, Vol. 24, No. 6 : 1026 -1036
Neural cell transplantation, a new therapeutic strategy for replacing injured neural components and obtaining functional recovery, has shown beneficial effects in animal models. Use of this strategy in human patients, however, requires that a number of serious issues be addressed, including ethics,
immunorejection, and the therapeutic time window within which the procedure will be effective.
Journal of Neuro-Oncology, Volume 83, Number 2, June 2007 , pp. 183-189(7)
Craniopharyngioma often recurs after resection resulting in poor outcome for the affected patients. The reliable criteria for predicting the tumor behavior are still lacking. It has been suggested that proliferative potential of the tumor cells is necessary for recurrence. Present study evaluated the cell multiplication activity, which is possibly related to relapse in 32 patients with adamantine epithelioma (AE) and 31 patients with squamous papillary tumor (SP).
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a common cause of neonatal encephalopathy and is one of the most important causes of neonatal death and disabilities, especially those infants with moderate to severe encephalopathy.
Clinical Cancer Research 13, 3977-3988, July 1, 2007
Vinblastine and rapamycin displayed synergistic inhibition of human
neuroblastoma-related angiogenesis. Here, we studied the antitumor activity of vinblastine and rapamycin against human
neuroblastoma.
Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) has been linked to many cancers and may contribute to malignant phenotypes, including enhanced proliferation, angiogenesis, and resistance to cytotoxic therapies. Malignant gliomas are highly aggressive brain tumors that display many of these characteristics.
Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 32(7):559-561, July 2007
Extra-axial pathology is occasionally detected or suspected during brain SPECT imaging performed to evaluate cerebral dysfunction. In this case, Tc-99m bicisate
(Neurolite) brain SPECT was the initial examination undertaken to evaluate cerebral dysfunction in an 86-year-old man with seizures, confusion, and headache. The brain SPECT demonstrated relatively normal bilateral brain activity.
The modern era of pediatric craniopharyngioma treatment includes multiple modalities including microsurgical resection, irradiation, brachytherapy or chemotherapy. No clear consensus as to the best therapeutic approach has yet been established. The aim of this study was to describe the techniques and strategies for the treatment of pediatric craniopharyngiomas in light of a literature review with particular attention to the incidence of adverse postoperative effects.
Adiposity is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but the relationship of adiposity with the risk of cerebrovascular disease is still to some extent unclear.
This study sought to provide a review of the contemporary literature regarding computer access for persons with severe and multiple disabilities using assistive technology (AT). Anecdotally, persons with severe disabilities are assumed to be underserved by the AT community, and the causalities behind this perception were explored.
The state-of-the-art in cost-outcome analysis of assistive technology (AT) is first reviewed, and then the article focuses particularly on the cost aspects of such technology. It elaborates on the concept of 'social cost' as the main indicator of AT economic impact, and proposes methods to compare alternative AT solutions in terms of social cost. A specific instrument for social cost analysis - Siva Cost Assessment Instrument
(SCAI) - was designed to help clinicians estimate the economic aspects of providing individual users with AT solutions.
The concept of product usability has been discussed in several areas of product research and development. Usability, within the realm of assistive technology (AT) devices, determines how effectively and efficiently AT users with disabilities can function in different contexts and environments.
Numerous solutions for cushioning the contact area between product and user have been designed during the past centuries, but only in recent decades has systematic research been conducted on the underlying mechanical principles and the consequences of mechanical load imposed on the human skin and muscular skeletal system. In this paper a short history and future perspectives on the research in pressure ulcers is discussed and innovations in the field in the perspective of the history of the innovations are presented.
Hypomyelination with atrophy of the basal ganglia and cerebellum is a recently defined disorder. Only a few patients have been described. We report on 11 additional patients and new MRI findings and provide histopathologic confirmation of the MRI interpretation.
Acute limbic encephalitis has been reported in the setting of treatment-related immunosuppression and attributed to human herpesvirus-6 (HHV6) infection. Clinical and laboratory features of the syndrome, however, have not been well characterized.
In the last 25 years, characterization of aphasia has shifted from descriptions of the language tasks that are impaired by brain damage to identification of the disrupted cognitive processes underlying language.
To investigate the kinematic, kinetic and electromyographic (EMG) aspects of postural control during falling with rapid reach-and-grasp balance reaction in thoracic cord-injured individuals wearing knee-ankle-foot orthoses
(KAFOs).
To describe the prevalence and character of chronic abdominal pain in a group of patients with long-term spinal cord injury (SCI) and to assess predictors of abdominal pain.
A true meningocele represents 1 type of neural tube defect that is caused by failure of the surface ectoderm to separate from the neuroectoderm early in embryonic development. This results in a bony defect of the skull, allowing herniation of the meninges
(meningocele) and brain tissue (encephalocele).
Meningoencephaloceles, however, rarely occur at the anterior fontanelle.1 Sporadic reports exist on leptomeningeal cysts due to vacuum extraction, which are predominantly located over the anterior
fontanelle.
Books and publications on the developing human embryo (especially the brain) are less numerous than those on other specimens, possibly because of the limitation of continuous stages and achieving serial sections of high quality. Furthermore, methods are restricted
(ie, only high-quality histological as well as immunohistochemical results can be used to describe the human stages), and modern cell biological techniques are mostly restricted.
The editors were able to recruit numerous authors for their textbook; not only medical specialists, but also multidisciplinary child protection teams including legal professionals, police, and social workers. Because most of the authors are Scottish, the book mainly represents the Scottish situation, which, of course, is comparable with the situation throughout the Western world.
This volume is a collection of the papers presented at the XIII International Symposium on Brain Edema and Tissue Injury held in June 2005 in Ann Arbor, Michigan. It is published as a supplement to Acta
Neurochirurgica; therefore, all manuscripts contained in this volume are cited on medical search engines, such as MEDLINE.
We examined the effect of a Ca antagonist (nilvadipine) on the occurrence or recurrence of symptomatic stroke in hypertensive patients with
MRI-defined asymptomatic cerebral infarction (ACI), periventricular hyperintensity
(PVH), and deep and subcortical white matter hyperintensity (DSWMH), with or without a history of stroke, and evaluated the effect of long-term treatment on the lesions.
tish Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 21, Issue 3 June 2007 , pages 297 - 298
A unique case of a child is presented, in which there was formation of a
peri-catheter cerebral abscess, a long time after it became non-functional and left after being considered dormant. The inadvertent intra-ventricular spillage of abscess contents, led on to the fatal
ventriculitis.
Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics June 2007 Volume 106 Number 6
Electrocortical stimulation mapping (ESM) is the clinical standard for localizing critical sensorimotor and language functions, but other functions can be assessed with this technique as well. The authors describe an 8-year-old girl with a left frontal desmoplastic gangliocytoma and medically intractable epilepsy who underwent a chronic invasive recording using electrode grids.
Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics June 2007 Volume 106 Number 6
The acronym PHACES describes a rare neurocutaneous syndrome that comprises posterior fossa malformations, facial
hemangiomas, arterial anomalies, coarctation of the aorta and cardiac defects, eye abnormalities, and sternal defects.
Neurocognitive dysfunction is an important source of patient morbidity and mortality after cardiac surgery that may disproportionately affect postmenopausal women. 17ß-Estradiol limits the extent of ischemic neuronal injury in a variety of experimental models. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether perioperative administration of 17ß-estradiol to postmenopausal women reduces the frequency of neurocognitive dysfunction after cardiac surgery.
Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics July 2007 Volume 107 Number 1
A pseudotumoral presentation of acute cerebellitis is rare. The authors report two cases of children with hemicerebellar involvement, neither case being postinfectious nor vaccination related. One patient underwent biopsy sampling revealing marked parenchymal and leptomeningeal inflammation, and in the other, near-complete resolution of neuroimaging abnormalities was demonstrated.
Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology. 19(3):156-160, July 2007
It is unclear if avoiding hyperglycemia during intensive care after acute brain injury improves morbidity, mortality, and neurologic outcome. This prospective randomized trial tested whether intensive insulin therapy affected infection rates, vasospasm, mortality, or long-term neurologic outcome in subarachnoid hemorrhage patients during their intensive care unit (ICU) stay.
In the UK, about 2% of the population attend the accident and emergency (A&E) department every year after a head injury. A majority of the patients have minor head injury and are discharged. Studies reveal that patients who reattend the A&E after a minor head injury represent a high-risk group.
The construct of 'cognitive rehabilitation' has not been defined in a consensual manner and the variations in usage have produced misunderstanding and controversy. At one extreme, it refers to a paradigm of complex, sophisticated, integrated interventions and at the other to a poorly conceptualized and largely ineffectual service modality. A number of articles criticizing cognitive rehabilitation make little effort to differentiate between these usages, thus subjecting very different clinical procedures to the same complaints.
Diabetes is associated with the presence of moderate to large atherosclerotic carotid plaques. Previous carotid ultrasound studies have associated plaques with low echogenicity with a higher risk of cerebrovascular events. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether patients with type 2 diabetes have different plaque echogenicity than do nondiabetic subjects.
MRI diffusion-perfusion mismatch may identify patients for thrombolysis beyond 3 hours. However, MRI has limited availability in many hospitals. We investigated whether mismatch between the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) and the NIH Stroke Scale
(NIHSS) correlates with MRI diffusion-perfusion mismatch.
To move closer to the goal of independent living for stroke patients with
hemiplegia, this study is to design an assistive bathing device approached from a
User-Centred Design (UCD).
Disability following stroke is highly prevalent and is predicted by psychological variables such as control cognitions and emotions, in addition to clinical variables. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a workbook-based intervention, designed to change cognitions about control, in improving outcomes for patients and their
carers.
The main objective was the development and collection of preliminary data on the application of a new integrated clinical reasoning model
(Anadysis) with patients suffering a stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA).
The Clinical Neuropsychologist, Volume 21, Issue 4 July 2007 , pages 638 - 652
Recent factor-analytic studies of the Halstead Category Test (HCT) indicate that its seven subtests form three factors including a Counting factor (subtests I and II), a Spatial Positional Reasoning factor (subtests III, IV, and VII), and a Proportional Reasoning factor (subtests V, VI, and VII). The sensitivity and specificity of these factors to heterogeneous forms of brain damage was examined in a large sample of patients and a normal comparison sample. A prorated Impairment Index, which excluded the HCT error score, was used to assign participants with brain damage into mild, moderate, and severe impairment groups.
Navigational skills are fundamental to community travel and, hence, personal independence and are often disrupted in people with cognitive impairments. Navigation devices are being developed that can support community navigation by delivering directional information. Selecting an effective mode to provide route-prompts is a critical design issue. This study evaluated the differential effects on pedestrian route finding using different modes of prompting delivered via a handheld electronic device for travellers with severe cognitive impairments.
Mitochondrial dysfunction following spinal cord injury (SCI) may be critical for the development of secondary pathophysiology and neuronal cell death. Previous studies have demonstrated a loss of mitochondrial bioenergetics at 24 h following SCI.
It is known that calpain activation is involved in human traumatic brain injury
(TBI) and that calpain inhibition can have neuroprotective effects on both gray matter and white matter injury of TBI models. However, the role of calpain activation in the corpus callosum remains unclear and requires elucidation given its potential clinical relevance.
Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain, Volume 47, Number 6, June 2007 , pp. 919-922(4)
The term "migralepsy" indicates a particular condition in which seizures occur during a migraine attack. Several cases of seizures associated with migraine with aura and characterized by transient MRI abnormalities have been published.
Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 32(7):527-531, July 2007
We present the imaging findings of a 38-year-old female patient who underwent resection and radiation therapy for an anaplastic astrocytoma in her left temporal lobe 12 years ago. She was symptom-free until 1 month before admission at which time she presented with symptoms of right
hemiparesis, right facial droop, and slurred speech.
Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology. 19(3):156-160, July 2007
It is unclear if avoiding hyperglycemia during intensive care after acute brain injury improves morbidity, mortality, and neurologic outcome. This prospective randomized trial tested whether intensive insulin therapy affected infection rates, vasospasm, mortality, or long-term neurologic outcome in subarachnoid hemorrhage patients during their intensive care unit (ICU) stay.
Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology. 19(3):166-170, July 2007
The role of lactate composition of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with vasospasm severity and rabbit neurologic status in subarachnoid hemorrhage was determined. The neurologic status of 20 New Zealand rabbits were graded initially and then, anesthetized and basal angiograms were performed.
Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology. 19(3):183-189, July 2007
Different anesthetic techniques have been suggested for craniotomy with intraoperative awakening. We describe an asleep-awake-asleep technique with propofol and remifentanil infusions, with pharmacokinetic simulation to predict the effect-site concentrations and to modulate the infusion rates of both drugs, and bispectral index
(BIS) monitoring.
Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology. 19(3):195-199, July 2007
There are limited data on the effect of dexmedetomidine on epileptiform electroencephalogram (EEG). The aim of this study was to investigate if dexmedetomidine will abolish epileptiform discharges in patients with medically refractory seizure disorders who were candidates for surgery to resect foci of epileptic activity.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 28:1095-1098, June-July 2007
T2 mapping is useful for identifying and quantifying abnormalities of the hippocampus and
amygdala. It is particularly useful in the presurgical evaluation of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and for the identification of bilateral hippocampal sclerosis (HS).
Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 18(1):31-51, February 2007
Macrocephaly, increased intracranial pressure, and hydrocephalus are common related conditions that lead to cross-sectional imaging of the infant and young child. Imaging plays a central role in establishing the diagnosis and guiding disposition and treatment of these patients.
Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 18(1):3-29, February 2007
Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has become an essential tool in the evaluation of neonatal encephalopathy. Magnetic resonance-compatible neonatal incubators allow sick neonates to be transported to the MR scanner, and neonatal head coils can improve signal-to-noise ratio, critical for advanced MR imaging techniques.
Gait apraxia characterized primarily by gait ignition failure has been linked to lesions involving the dorsomedial frontal lobes, but the precise locus within this general region has not been determined. It has previously been hypothesized by Thompson and Marsden that disease, disconnection, or dysfunction of supplementary motor area
(SMA) may account for the similarities in the gait disorders observed in Binswanger's disease, hydrocephalus, frontal lobe lesions, and Parkinson's disease. We reevaluate this hypothesis.
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 14, Number 7, July 2007 , pp. 762-769(8)
In a population-based case-control study we assessed the association between obesity and acute
ischaemic/non-embolic stroke. A total of 163 patients aged older than 70 years (88 men and 75 women) admitted due to a first-ever-in-a-lifetime acute
ischaemic/non-embolic stroke and 166 volunteers (87 men and 79 women) without a history of cardiovascular disease were included.
Antiplatelet treatment remains the first choice for primary and secondary prevention of vascular diseases; even so, expected benefits may be offset by risk of bleeding, particularly cerebral hemorrhage. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of antiplatelet treatment on clinical outcome at hospital discharge.
To describe the course of five spinal cord injury (SCI) patients who underwent proximal amputation of the inferior extremity, secondary to recurrent, complicated pressure ulcers
(PU) and the clinical impact this intervention had in these patients.
Previous studies have suggested a relationship between stress reaction and elevated levels of
prolactine. The aim of the present study was to investigate if there was a relationship between
s-prolactine and menstrual cycle status following spinal cord injury (SCI).
This study aimed to identify models that predicted the short-term outcome after traumatic brain injury
(TBI) from the literature and to evaluate their clinical significance.
No comprehensive data are available on the impact of stroke on the spouse's participation level. The purpose of this study was to document changes in participation level over time and explore associations between changes in participation level, burden and depressive symptoms for spouses of people who had had a first stroke.
Cerebral microvascular disease may be a risk factor for the development of dementia in elderly persons. We describe the association of retinal microvascular signs with cognitive function and dementia among older individuals.
Gait velocity is a powerful indicator of function and prognosis after stroke. Gait velocity can be stratified into clinically meaningful functional ambulation classes, such as household ambulation (<0.4 m/s), limited community ambulation (0.4 to 0.8 m/s), and full community ambulation (>0.8 m/s). The purpose of the current study was to determine whether changes in velocity-based community ambulation classification were related to clinically meaningful changes in stroke-related function and quality of life.
Journal of Neurotrauma Jun 2007, Vol. 24, No. 6 : 927 -935
Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the major causes of death in younger age groups. In
Umeå, Sweden, an intracranial pressure (ICP) targeted therapy protocol, the Lund concept, has been used in treatment of severe TBI since 1994. Decompressive craniectomy is used as a protocol-guided treatment step.
The objective of this study was to determine the causes of childhood epilepsy associated with mental retardation and determine whether these causes are preventable.
Journal of Neurotrauma Jun 2007, Vol. 24, No. 6 : 919 -926
The aim of this study was to explore the regional cerebral glucose metabolism
(rCM) in patients with chronic stage traumatic brain injury (TBI) compared with normal controls.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 21, Issue 3 June 2007 , pages 301 - 303
Brain abscess has an incidence of 1 per 100,000 in developed countries and a mortality rate of 10%. Cerebral infections with Nocardia farcinica have a mortality of up to 90%. Nocardial species are important pathogens in immunocompromised hosts, but infections in immunocompetent patients are extremely rare. We report a case of primary brain abscess with N. farcinica in a patient without
immunosuppression, which was treated with surgery and a one-year course of oral
moxifloxacin.
Clinical Cancer Research 13, 3868-3874, July 1, 2007
Gliomas are common tumors of the central nervous system, and the majority of patients with gliomas have a poor prognosis. The prediction of prognosis is very important in selecting treatment. In the present study, we retrospectively examined the immunohistochemical staining of cleaved caspase-3 (CC3), an activated form of caspase-3 that acts as a lethal protease at the most distal stage of the apoptosis pathway, in
gliomas, and the correlation between the prognosis of patients and caspase-3 activation to find useful prognostic indicators.
Approximately 25% of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) may develop partial or complete
hypopituitarism. The causative mechanisms involved in its development are not clear. To the authors' knowledge, there have been no recent morphologic studies of the pituitary following
TBI.
Blood Coagulation & Fibrinolysis. 18(5):497-504, July 2007
This study investigated the hypothesis that the insertion/deletion (4G/5G) polymorphism of the plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 gene affects the risk for ischemic stroke, since results concerning this association have been controversial.
Over the past decade, statins have been proven to significantly decrease coronary events in primary and secondary prevention of coronary artery disease. Recent clinical trials have indicated that statins significantly reduce stroke risk in patients with vascular disease.
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