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American Journal of Therapeutics:Volume 16(1)January/February 2009pp 2-4
We investigated in 306 patients, mean age 57 ± 10 years, with diabetes mellitus (202 patients) or hypertension (179 patients), whether treatment with
angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers
(ARBs) reduced the incidence of new stroke or new myocardial infarction (MI) or death. At 39-month follow up, new stroke or new MI or death developed in 49 of 228 patients (21%) treated with ACE inhibitors or ARBs and in 33 of 78 patients (42%) treated without
angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or ARBs (P = 0.0001).
The association of angiitis of central nervous system (ACNS) with cerebral amyloid angiopathy
(CAA) suggests a physiopathological relationship between these two affections. Few cases are reported in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
Authors new model system for HC and the new formulas improve to near exactness the accuracy in estimating
PNaPREDICTED, helping the physician to avoid unwanted electrolyte derangements during treatment.
Glutamate is a major excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS that is involved in numerous cellular functions, including cell death and survival. Metabotropic glutamate receptors
(mGluR) are G-protein coupled receptors that have been classified into three groups on the basis of signal transduction pathways and pharmacological profiles.
During the last century, the world population has shown a staggering increase in its proportion of elderly members and thus neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), respectively, are becoming an increasing burden on society.
Ischemic stroke causes brain damage by multiple pathways. Previous stroke trials have demonstrated that drugs targeting one or only a few of these pathways fail to improve clinical outcome after stroke.
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus pallidus internus (GPi) is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for idiopathic generalized
dystonia. More recently, it has been applied as a treatment for focal and segmental
dystonias.
Although benign and slow growing, glomus jugulare tumors can be locally aggressive because of their proximity to lower cranial nerves and major vascular structures.
Diffusion tensor imaging provides information about the location of white matter tracts within the human brain. For neurosurgery, this imaging technique is of major interest in order to minimize the risk of postoperative neurological deficits.
Medicinal Research Reviews Published Online: 28 Jan 2009
Mounting evidence suggests a central role for transition biometals in the etiopathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases (ND). Indeed, while studying the molecular basis for this heterogeneous group of diseases, it has become increasingly evident that biometals and nonphysiological Al are often involved in pathology onset and progression, either by affecting the conformation of specific proteins or by exacerbating local oxidative stress.
Pediatric Blood & Cancer Published Online: 13 Jan 2009
Neuroblastic tumors (NTs) are occasionally associated with watery diarrhea, due to Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) secretion. Most reports are single cases and suggest a great homogeny within this sub-group of
NTs.
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 16, Number 2, February 2009 , pp. 194-200(7)
To examine the relative risk (RR) for living in nursing homes for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) compared with the general population and to ascertain society's costs related to nursing home placement for this patient group.
Acta Radiologica First Published on: 28 January 2009
Although the ABC/2 formula has been widely used to estimate the volume of intracerebral hematoma
(ICH), the formula tends to overestimate hematoma volume. The volume-related imprecision of the ABC/2 formula has not been documented quantitatively.
Journal of Neurological Sciences (Turkish) 2008, Volume 25, Number 4,
Page(s) 290-300
The memory processes in regard to anesthesia is currently an open debate. Naturally there are two conditions behind this concern; firstly whether if the anesthesia would cause some memory loss; secondly but quite the opposite, whether if during anesthesia some unwanted events could be remembered.
The rapid growth of tumor parenchyma leads to chronic hypoxia that can result in the selection of cancer cells with a more aggressive behavior and death-resistant potential to survive and proliferate.
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor that carries a 5-y survival rate of 5%. Attempts at eliciting a clinically relevant
anti-GBM immune response in brain tumor patients have met with limited success, which is due to brain immune privilege, tumor immune evasion, and a paucity of dendritic cells
(DCs) within the central nervous system.
Journal of Neurological Sciences (Turkish) 2008, Volume 25, Number 4,
Page(s) 220-225
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neurotrophin which performs its activity through neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptors, is one of the candidate genes for epilepsy.
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most frequent malignant brain tumor, has a poor prognosis, but is relatively sensitive to radiation. Both gemcitabine and its metabolite difluorodeoxyuridine
(dFdU) are potent radiosensitizers.
Some patients with glioblastoma multiform do not respond to temozolomide even though they have aberrant promoter methylation of the DNA repair enzyme O6-methylguanine methyltransferase (MGMT). This suggests that additional factors hamper temozolomide
cytotoxicity.
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 16, Number 2, February 2009 , pp. 201-204(4)
A presentation of all aspects of the dorsolateral medulla oblongata syndrome is clinically very rare to find. In most cases patients present with fragmentary symptoms, e.g. ipsilateral axial
lateropulsion, nystagmus, dysarthria, dysphagia or hemiataxia.
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 16, Number 2, February 2009 , pp. 226-231(6)
Carriers of the Huntington disease (HD) mutation develop a progressive neurodegenerative disorder after a pre-clinical phase. We examined the value of 11C-raclopride PET
(RAC) as a biomarker for pre-clinical HD pathophysiology.
Noninvasive screening for intracranial in-stent stenosis is often limited by artifact because of the stent or associated coils. We aimed to determine the utility of quantitative MRA
(QMRA) as a screening tool for detecting intracranial in-stent
stenosis.
The purpose was to assess the prevalence of disorders of glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in Japanese ischemic stroke patients with no history of diabetes by performing 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test
(OGTT).
Journal of Clinical Oncology, 10.1200/JCO.2008.18.9035
To analyze the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) database of patients with glioblastoma and appraise whether outcome was influenced by time to initiation of radiation therapy
(RT).
We evaluated whether there were sex-related differences in the administration of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator
(IV-tPA) to patients with acute ischemic stroke admitted to US academic medical centers.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis First Published on: 28 January 2009
Our objective was to assess the regulation of the hypoxia response of angiogenic and inflammatory factors from 76 cerebrospinal fluids
(CSF) of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients with different respiratory status.
Monocytes participate in adaptive and innate immune responses. Monocyte numbers increase in patients with stroke associated infection
(SAI) or severe stroke. Whether changes in monocytes are related to specific effects, or simply mark brain damage, remains unsettled.
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 16, Number 2, February 2009 , pp. 212-217(6)
To investigate whether there may be differences in the clinical course and changes in cognitive progression between dementia with Lewy bodies
(DLB) and Alzheimer's disease (AD).
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 16, Number 2, February 2009 , pp. 218-225(8)
Cerebral leukoaraiosis is frequently observed in patients with acute stroke, but its clinical consequences on functional recovery remain incompletely defined. We evaluated the clinical correlates of
leukoaraiosis, and its association with stroke-outcome in a cohort of consecutively hospitalized patients.
The management of early Parkinson's disease (PD) involves the treatment of motor symptoms and, increasingly, non-motor symptoms. Given the fast pace of clinical research in PD, clinicians are faced with the challenge of integrating the latest findings into the ongoing care of individual PD patients
The default-mode network (DMN) consists of areas showing more activation during rest than during a task. Several authors propose some form of cognitive processing to underlie BOLD signal changes in the DMN as activity within the network is modulated by the level of effort required by the task and is positively correlated with self-referential processing.
Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) methods observe hemodynamics in the brain by measuring light transmission through the scalp, skull, and brain. Thus, separating signals due to heart pulsations, breathing movements, and systemic blood flow fluctuations from the desired brain functional responses is critical to the fidelity of the derived maps.
Successful information processing requires the focusing of attention on a certain stimulus property and the simultaneous suppression of irrelevant information.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis First Published on: 29 January 2009
We aimed to clarify the profile of cognitive impairment in ALS, by meta-analysis of published studies. Criteria for inclusion were: ALS diagnosed according to El Escorial criteria; control group matched for age and education; correction for bias due to motor impairment or
dysarthria; no dementia in patients and controls.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis First Published on: 29 January 2009
Our aim was to evaluate the location and extent of white matter involvement in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
(ALS) using diffusion-tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DTI). We obtained fractional anisotropy (FA) values from the internal capsule and various white matter regions of 46 patients with sporadic ALS and 19 control subjects.
Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Volume 29 Issue 2, Pages 291 - 297
To assess if interval changes in metabolic status in normal cerebral tissue after radiation therapy
(RT) can be detected by 2D CSI (chemical shift imaging) proton spectroscopy.
Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Volume 29 Issue 2, Pages 268 - 274
To explore the value of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and magnetization transfer imaging (MTI) for the improved detection and quantification of cerebral tissue changes associated with ageing and white matter hyperintensities
(WMH).
British Journal of Anaesthesia, doi:10.1093/bja/aen388
Children undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) under sedation are at risk of hypo- or hyperthermia. The effect of brain MRI at differing magnetic field strengths on body core temperature in sedated infants and young children has not been reported previously.
Prehypertension has been recently introduced by JNC 7 as a new blood pressure (BP) category, associated with increased target-organ damage. Subclinical atherosclerosis by means of common artery
intima-media thickness (CCA-IMT) has been incompletely investigated in prehypertensive patients.
Considerable clinical and radiological overlap between vascular dementia (VaD) and Alzheimer disease (AD) often makes the diagnosis difficult. Diffusion-tensor imaging studies showed that fractional anisotropy (FA) could be a useful marker for white matter changes.
Inflammatory biomarkers predict development of atherothrombotic events. In the present study we examined the relationships between C-reactive protein (CRP), complement C3, and long-term mortality after acute ischemic stroke.
Intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke is usually based on clinical assessment, blood test results, and CT findings. Intravenous thrombolysis of stroke mimics may occur but has not been studied in detail.
Early hematoma growth is one of the main determinants of mortality in patients with intracranial hemorrhage
(ICH). Transcranial duplex sonography (TDS) might represent a useful tool for the bedside monitoring of early ICH enlargement.
During gait without an AD, we found high variability in gait parameters (stride time percent coefficient of variation [%CV] = 12.92, swing time %CV = 7.80, and double support time %CV = 24.61).
The aim of the study was to assess the occurrence and the clinical features of primary headaches in a sample of players of the Italian Soccer League first division.
Among the neuropsychiatric symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, hallucination can result from the disease itself or medical treatment. Hallucination associated with subthalamic nucleus stimulation
(STN-DBS) has been reported; however, it is still unclear whether PD patients with a history of hallucination are appropriate candidates for
STN-DBS or not.
To compare developmental and psychological functioning in two groups of children with autism spectrum disorder
(asd), one with epilepsy and one without.
11C-Pittsburgh Compound B (11C-PiB) PET has demonstrated significantly higher PiB retention in the gray matter of Alzheimer disease (AD) patients than in healthy controls
(HCs).
The use of vigabatrin (VGB) as an antiepileptic drug (AED) has been limited by evidence showing that it causes
vigabatrin-attributed visual field loss (VAVFL) in at least 20-40% of patients exposed at school age or later. VGB is an effective drug for infantile spasms, but there are no reports on later visual field testing after such treatment.
Thirty-seven HIV-positive patients with new-onset seizures (NOS) were prospectively identified during a 1-year study period. The patients were categorized according to the different mechanisms causing NOS in HIV, namely focal brain lesion (FBL) in 21 patients (57%), meningitis in 6 patients (16%), metabolic derangement (no patient), and no identified cause (NIC) other than HIV itself (10 patients, 27%).
To compare mortality and subsequent unprovoked seizure risk in a population-based study of acute symptomatic seizure and first unprovoked seizure due to static brain lesions.
Parkinson plus diseases, comprising mainly progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and multiple system atrophy
(MSA) are rare neurodegenerative conditions.
Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology Volume 52 Issue 6, Pages 564 - 569
18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) scans in the first 49 patients referred with either possible brain tumour or brain tumour recurrence were reviewed.
FDG-PET imaging was reported with reference to anatomical imaging. Based on the report the FDG study was classified as either positive or negative for the presence of
tumour.
Emerging Infectious Diseases Volume 15, Number 2-February 2009
Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) is reemerging in Peru. VEE virus subtype ID in Peru has not been previously associated with severe disease manifestations.
Journal of Clinical Oncology, 10.1200/JCO.2008.18.5918
Irinotecan and temozolomide have single-agent activity and schedule-dependent synergy against
neuroblastoma. Because protracted administration of intravenous irinotecan is costly and inconvenient, we sought to determine the maximum-tolerated dose
(MTD) of oral irinotecan combined with temozolomide in children with recurrent/resistant high-risk
neuroblastoma.
The purpose of our study was to determine the incidence of stroke, case-fatality rate and disability at 1 year in the Valley of Aosta (Italy) in the years 2004 and 2005.
The optimal management of craniopharyngiomas remains controversial. The first-line treatment usually consists of surgical resection. Complete tumor removal provides a high rate of long-term control; however, aggressive surgery is associated with significant incidence of complications.
Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, Volume 10, Number 2, February 2009 , pp. 323-331(9)
Thrombolytic therapy is the most effective therapeutic strategy for the prevention of brain injury and reduction of mortality in patients with acute cerebral infarction. A combination of established thrombolytic therapy and effective neuronal protection therapy has more beneficial effects for patients with acute cerebral infarction.
Journal of Neurotrauma. ahead of print. doi:10.1089/neu.2008.0643
Reliable and noninvasive assessment of cerebral blood flow regulation is a major challenge in acute care monitoring. This study assessed dynamics of flow regulation and its relationship to asymmetry of initial computed tomography (CT) scan using multimodal pressure flow
(MMPF) analysis.
The Clinical Neuropsychologist, Volume 23, Issue 2 February 2009 , pages 255 - 267
When examining visual memory test results one must be aware of other variables that impact performance, particularly in individuals with traumatic brain injury who have broad cognitive deficits.
The Clinical Neuropsychologist, Volume 23, Issue 2 February 2009 , pages 343 - 362
This study evaluates the ability of several Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST; Psychological Assessment Resources, 1990) variables to detect malingering in mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). The sample consisted of 373 TBI patients and 766 general clinical patients.
The researchers implemented a traumatic brain injury (TBI) screening procedure in settings likely to have relatively frequent contacts with survivors to better document TBI occurrence among populations at high-risk for under-identification.
To evaluate the association of demographic factors, post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) and a standardized measure of ability limitations with clinical decisions for Next Level of Care following acute hospital treatment for moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).
To identify the health and social care services used by young adults aged 18-25 years with acquired brain injury
(ABI) and the costs of these supports.
To explore the possibility of identifying skull fracture, with or without clinical signs, as a predictor of positive CT scans in mild traumatic brain injury
(mTBI).
To assess the ecological validity of the Screening Module of the Neuropsychological Assessment Battery (NAB-SM) using the Functional Independence Measure
(FIM).
Post-traumatic hydrocephalus (PTH) is a frequent complication secondary to traumatic brain injury (TBI) and controversy remains over whether to perform a shunt placement for patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus when the patient is too injured to display symptoms or has atypical symptoms.
To investigate the correlation of cerebral function reorganization and functional recovery by using functional magnetic resonance imaging
(fMRI) with constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) for chronic upper-limb hemiparesis in one subject with stroke.
To illustrate the clinical course of a patient with a marked amnestic syndrome resulting from a closed head injury that had significant effects on frontal and thalamic memory structures.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis First Published on: 28 January 2009
There are few reports on pregnancies in sporadic and familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
(ALS). We report on a young woman with sporadic ALS who gave birth twice during the course of her disease.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis First Published on: 28 January 2009
Our objectives were to 1) increase awareness of total laryngectomy (TL) as a treatment for complications of bulbar weakness in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
(ALS) and outline specific surgical indications; 2) educate physicians about the surgical procedure,
peri-operative course and benefits from having a TL; and 3) retrospectively review the clinical course of Mayo Clinic - Florida patients with ALS who had a TL.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis First Published on: 28 January 2009
Abstract
We present a single case of clinically definite amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) associated with modest gadolinium enhancement of the lumbar nerve roots without thickening or nodularity and with CSF protein elevation (80 mg/dl) .
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis First Published on: 28 January 2009
Neuroinflammation through the cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-) is thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
(ALS).
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis First Published on: 28 January 2009
Our objective was to assess the regulation of the hypoxia response of angiogenic and inflammatory factors from 76 cerebrospinal fluids
(CSF) of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients with different respiratory status.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis First Published on: 28 January 2009
A genome-wide association study (GWAS) using pooled DNA samples from 386 sporadic ALS patients and 542 controls from the USA, identified genetic variation in FGGY (FLJ10986) as a risk factor, as well as 66 additional candidate
SNPs.
Traditional epidemiological studies do not allow elucidating the reality of referral and diagnosis patterns of dementia in routine clinical practice within a defined territory. This information is useful and necessary in order to plan and allocate healthcare resources.
In spite of the prevalence of delusions in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and their association with poor outcomes, there has been little study of the impact of delusions on real-world functioning.
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of lacosamide (200 and 400 mg/day) when added to one to three concomitant antiepileptic drugs
(AEDs) in patients with uncontrolled partial-onset seizures.
To develop a population pharmacokinetic model to evaluate the demographic and physiologic determinants of levetiracetam (LEV) pharmacokinetics
(PK) and to suggest recommended doses of LEV in children.
Thalamofrontal abnormalities have been identified in chronic primary generalized epilepsy, specifically in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
(JME). These regions also underlie executive functioning, although their relationship has yet to be examined in
JME.
Disconnection of cognitively important processing regions by injury to the interconnecting white matter provides a potential mechanism for cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis.
Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2009, 17:3doi:10.1186/1757-7241-17-3
Trauma is the most prevalent cause of death in the young. Insight into cause and time of fatal pediatric and adolescent trauma is important for planning trauma care and preventive measures. Our aim was to analyze cause, severity, mode and seasonal aspects of fatal pediatric trauma.
Intensive insulin therapy (IIT) reduced the incidence of critical illness
polyneuro-and/or myopathy (CIP/CIM) and the need for prolonged mechanical ventilation
(MV[greater than or equal to]14d) in 2 randomised controlled trials
(RCTs) on the effect of IIT in a surgical (SICU) and medical intensive care unit
(MICU).
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 16, Number 2, February 2009 , pp. 240-245(6)
Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD) is a rare autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder. The most typical neuropathological finding of this disease is axonal swelling. Before the identification of associated mutations in PLA2G6-encoding iPLA2-VIA
(cytosolic Ca2+-independent phospholipids A2, group VIA) in 2006, neuropathological evidence was critical for definitive diagnosis.
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 16, Number 2, February 2009 , pp. 278-281(4)
Leukoencephalopathy with cerebral calcifications and cysts (LCC) is a recently described, very rare entity, clinically characterized by progressive neurological deficits such as cognitive decline, epileptic seizures, pyramidal, extrapyramidal and cerebellar symptoms/signs
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 16, Number 2, February 2009 , pp. 268-273(6)
In some Western countries, many stroke patients undergo routine tests including
ECG, echocardiography, carotid ultrasound and Holter monitoring, even though they have been shown to express limited value in unselected patients. Comprehensive data on yield of tests, especially on consequences taken from positive test results, are scanty.
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 16, Number 2, February 2009 , pp. 251-256(6)
Acute hyperglycemia predicts increased mortality after stroke. The aim of our study was to determine if acute stroke patients with hyperglycemia suffer from increased rate of in-hospital adverse events which could influence survival such as pneumonia, heart failure and myocardial infarction.
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 16, Number 2, February 2009 , pp. 232-239(8)
The design of useful and effective treatment strategies for movement disorders largely depends on the ability to objectively quantify changes in performances, providing reliable outcome measures.
The earliest finding of the first abnormal field examination in adults was after 9 months of treatment; with a mean duration of VGB exposure of 4.8 years. In children, the earliest onset of a first abnormal field examination was after 11 months, with a mean time to onset of 5.5 years. The earliest sustained onset of the
VGB-induced retinal defect in infants was 3.1 months.
Outcome for patients with status epilepticus (SE) depends strongly on etiology. Duration of SE is also predictive, at least in the first 2 h, but beyond this it is unclear that duration of SE influences outcome significantly.
Journal of Neurological Sciences (Turkish) 2008, Volume 25, Number 4,
Page(s) 247-257
The loss of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson Disease (PD) patients has been associated with impaired emotion recognition. It has been speculated in previous studies that patients with hypodopaminergic state exhibited weaker amygdala activation in response to facial stimuli.
To investigate whether the functional changes in pain disorder might be reflected by structural brain changes. Pain disorder assessed with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM-IV) criteria is characterized by persistent and distressing chronic pain at one or more body sites which cannot be fully explained by a physiological process or somatic disorder. Psychological factors are thought to play a major role. Recent neuroimaging studies evidenced altered pain processing in patients suffering from this disorder.
Journal of Neurological Sciences (Turkish) 2008, Volume 25, Number 4,
Page(s) 258-265
The aim of the present study is to have an in vitro model system for gliomas which will be useful in unraveling the cellular and molecular mechanisms in
gliomagenesis.
The aim of this study was to compare the dosimetric data from conventional two-dimensional (2D) helmet-field whole-brain irradiation
(WBI) with those from three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT), and to investigate the potential benefits of 3D-CRT as regards both dose coverage of the brain and retro-orbital (RO) area and ocular lens protection. Simulation CT scans of 30 patients were used.
The prevalence of extracranial (EC) and intracranial (IC) atherosclerosis varies among races. Although several studies have sought to identify specific vascular risk factors that are associated with EC or IC atherosclerosis, the exact relationships are uncertain.
There is limited knowledge about smoking cessation after stroke. We examined smoking cessation and recall of smoking cessation advice among 5-year stroke survivors.
Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Despite improvements in acute stroke treatment, many patients only make a partial or poor recovery. Therefore, there is a need for treatments that would further improve outcome.
Biologics: Targets & Therapy Issue: ON-LINE EARLY Published: December 2008
Malignant gliomas are the most common and aggressive form of brain tumors. Current therapy consists of surgical resection, followed by radiation therapy and concomitant chemotherapy. Despite these treatments, the prognosis for patients is poor.
This study aimed to evaluate the pattern of infarct in basal ganglia region in tuberculous meningitis
(TBM) and ischemic strokes and its sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of these disorders.
Patients who confabulate retrieve personal habits, repeated events or over-learned information and mistake them for actually experienced, specific unique events.
Journal of Neurological Sciences (Turkish) 2008, Volume 25, Number 4,
Page(s) 272-282
Giant cell glioblastoma (GCGB) is a rare tumor of the central nervous system and it accounts for only 1% of all intracranial tumors and 5% of
glioblastomas.
Spinal Cord advance online publication 27 January 2009; doi: 10.1038/sc.2008.163
The excitability of the vestibular apparatus and pathways was studied in 10 patients with acute spinal cord injury
(ASCI) and in 7 patients with chronic spinal cord injury
(CHSCI).
Spinal Cord advance online publication 27 January 2009; doi: 10.1038/sc.2008.175
To present spinal cord atrophy in pediatric patients who had spinal cord injury developed after trauma or acute transverse
myelitis, and had no motor recovery later.
Spinal Cord advance online publication 27 January 2009; doi: 10.1038/sc.2008.174
To explore correlates of body image among women with spinal cord injury (SCI), within the framework of Cash's cognitive behavioral model of body image.
Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation Volume 15, Number 6 / Nov-Dec 2008 - Technology and Innovative Treatments After Stroke 555-569
Although the notion of the language specificity of neural correlates has been widely accepted in the past (e.g., lefthemispheric dominance including
Broca's and Wernike's area, N400 ERP component of semantic processing, and the P600 ERP component of syntactic processing, etc.), recent studies have shown that music and language share some important neurological aspects in their processing, both involving bilateral hemispheric activities.
Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation Volume 15, Number 6 / Nov-Dec 2008 - Technology and Innovative Treatments After Stroke 542-554
This article describes three individuals with aphasia and concomitant cognitive deficits who used
state-of-theart computer software for training conversational scripts.
Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation Volume 15, Number 6 / Nov-Dec 2008 - Technology and Innovative Treatments After Stroke 521-541
As bioengineers begin to notice the importance of therapy in the recovery from stroke and other brain injuries, new technologies will be increasingly conceived, adapted, and designed to improve the patient’s road to recovery.
Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation Volume 15, Number 6 / Nov-Dec 2008 - Technology and Innovative Treatments After Stroke 570-579
The past decade has seen remarkable advances in our understanding of mechanisms that drive functional neuroplastic change after brain injury and the mirror neuron system that appears essential for language learning and communicative interaction.
Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation Volume 15, Number 6 / Nov-Dec 2008 - Technology and Innovative Treatments After Stroke 593-601
The rehabilitation stage of a stroke survivor's recovery provides an opportunity to prepare family caregivers for the supportive role they will play in the community.
Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation Volume 15, Number 6 / Nov-Dec 2008 - Technology and Innovative Treatments After Stroke 611-617
Disability studies, a field of critical study that emerged from the disability rights movement, challenges the medical domination in the lives of people with disabilities and has the potential to transform rehabilitation practice.
Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation Volume 15, Number 6 / Nov-Dec 2008 - Technology and Innovative Treatments After Stroke 602-610
Repetitive practice improves function and facilitates cortical plasticity after stroke. Virtual reality
(VR) systems have the potential to provide motivating and safe repetitive practice with minimal supervision.
Functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in codon 72 of TP53 have been shown to be a risk factor, a prognostic marker, and related factor to age at onset in various cancers.
To characterize sequence variation within the glucocerebrosidase (GBA) gene in a select subset of our sample of patients with familial Parkinson disease (PD) and then to test in our full sample whether these sequence variants increased the risk for PD and were associated with an earlier onset of disease.
Autopsy series have shown that some elderly people remain with normal cognitive function during life despite having high burdens of pathologic lesions associated with Alzheimer disease (AD) at death.
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is strongly associated with age, and epidemiologic studies are needed to evaluate the impact of both aging of the population and the use of anticoagulant therapy in patients with AF on the incidence of cardioembolic stroke with AF (CE/AF stroke).
Patients with homonymous hemianopia are disabled on everyday exploratory activities. We examined whether explorative saccade training (EST), compared with flicker-stimulation training (FT), would selectively improve saccadic behavior on the patients’ blind side and benefit performance on natural exploratory tasks.
In some prospective studies, associations of serum vitamin B12 and homocysteine concentrations with cognitive decline have been reported but few have examined the role of methylmalonic acid, a more specific marker of vitamin B12 deficiency than
homocysteine.
When scientists look under the microscope at the brains of very elderly patients who have died, some confusing patterns are seen. Some patients who had healthy memory and thinking show many of the findings often seen in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD).
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society (2009), 15 : 130-136
Diffusion tensor imaging was used to investigate white matter (WM) integrity in adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and healthy adults as controls. Adults with TBI had sustained severe vehicular injuries on the average of 7 years earlier.
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society (2009), 15 : 112-120
Using randomized control trial methodology, we evaluated the effectiveness of a 5-week cognitive-motor dual-tasking training program developed to improve performance of a group of people with dual-tasking difficulties arising from acquired brain injury.
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society (2009), 15 : 42-52
Nonadherence to combination antiretroviral (ARV) therapies (cART) is highly prevalent and significantly increases the risk of adverse human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease outcomes.
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society (2009), 15 : 103-111
The ability to switch rapidly and fluidly between tasks is an important component of many everyday activities. In this study, we used a predictable, externally cued task-switching paradigm to investigate executive control processes in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society (2009), 15:9-18
Person identification represents a unique category of semantic knowledge that is commonly impaired in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but has received relatively little investigation in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society (2009), 15 : 94-102
Neuropsychological test interpretation has relied on pre- and postmorbid comparisons, as exemplified by the use of demographically adjusted normative data.
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society (2009), 15 : 62-68
Frontal and basal ganglia infarcts and executive dysfunction are thought to be involved in the pathophysiology of poststroke emotional incontinence
(PSEI). The study examined whether patients with PSEI have more frontal and/or basal ganglia infarcts and impairment in executive function.
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society (2009), 15 : 19-30
The dimensions of postconcussive symptoms (PCS) were examined in a prospective, longitudinal study of 186 8 to 15 year old children with mild traumatic brain injuries (TBI).
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society (2009), 15 : 121-129
Measures of episodic memory are often used to identify Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The Neuropsychological Assessment Battery (NAB) List Learning test is a promising tool for the memory assessment of older adults due to its simplicity of administration, good psychometric properties, equivalent forms, and extensive normative data.
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society (2009), 15 : 154-159
We investigated the relative discriminatory efficacy of an event-based prospective memory (PM) task, in which specificity of the instructions and perceptual salience of the PM cue were manipulated, compared with two widely used retrospective memory
(RM) tests (Rivermead Paragraph Recall Test and CERAD-Word List Test), when detecting mild cognitive impairment of suspected
Alzheimer's disease etiology (MCI-AD) (N = 19) from normal controls (NC) (N = 21). Statistical analyses showed high discriminatory capacity of the PM task for detecting MCI-AD.
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society (2009), 15 : 1-8
The use of improvised explosive devices has become the hallmark of modern warfare and has resulted in an ever-increasing number of blast-related traumatic brain injuries
(TBIs). Despite this fact, very little is actually known about the cognitive sequelae of blast-related
TBIs.
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society (2009), 15 : 142-147
The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) is widely used for assessing depression in
neurorehabilitation. Given the concern that the somatic items might be misleading, we examined its factor structure in 353 inpatients.
The concept of willed actions has attracted attention during the last few years. Free choices have been associated with activations on the medial frontal surface, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the parietal lobe.
This article investigates the neural representation of the processes involved in recognizing multisyllabic words in Spanish asking whether lexical and sublexical processes are reflected in a different neuronal activation pattern.
The accuracy of cerebral blood flow (CBF) imaging in humans has been impeded by the partial volume effects
(PVE), which are a consequence of the limited spatial resolution.
In this study, we introduce a new approach to process simultaneous Electroencephalography and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
(EEG-fMRI) data in epilepsy.
The thalamus and visual cortex are two key components associated with the alpha power of electroencephalography. However, their functional relationship remains to be elucidated.
Using PET, brain areas representing the use of a well-learned tool (chopsticks) were investigated in 10 normal common users. The experimental task was to hold the tool in their right hand and use it to pick up and transport a small pin from a table.
Neuroimaging studies have revealed a strong link between mental calculation and the angular gyrus (AG) which has been interpreted to reflect arithmetic fact retrieval.
A widely used technique for coordinate-based meta-analyses of neuroimaging data is activation likelihood estimation (ALE). ALE assesses the overlap between foci based on modeling them as probability distributions centered at the respective coordinates.
We used a new method we developed for automated hippocampal segmentation, called the auto context model, to analyze brain MRI scans of 400 subjects from the Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative.
Post-traumatic hydrocephalus (PTH) is a frequent complication secondary to traumatic brain injury (TBI) and controversy remains over whether to perform a shunt placement for patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus when the patient is too injured to display symptoms or has atypical symptoms.
To illustrate the clinical course of a patient with a marked amnestic syndrome resulting from a closed head injury that had significant effects on frontal and thalamic memory structures.
To investigate the correlation of cerebral function reorganization and functional recovery by using functional magnetic resonance imaging
(fMRI) with constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) for chronic upper-limb hemiparesis in one subject with stroke.
Our objective was to estimate the economic burden of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
(ALS) and to examine the effect of treatment in a multidisciplinary ALS treatment centre versus general care on costs and to describe differences in costs according to clinical characteristics.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease and other related disorders are fatal progressive neurodegenerative conditions that have a substantial impact on quality of life
(QoL).
Abstract
The genetic causes of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are slowly being dissected out with the help of recent advances in genetic technology.
Mutations in the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene have been reported to cause adult-onset autosomal dominant amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
(FALS).
Current practice guidelines state that enteral feeding should be proposed and provided whenever ALS patients show significant dysphagia and/or weight loss.
We prospectively investigated pathological modifications in the corticospinal tract (CST), by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in 14 patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
(ALS) and 12 healthy volunteers.
The increased incidence of ALS in military veterans of the first Persian Gulf War raised speculation that they may have a 'Persian Gulf' variant of ALS with atypical clinical features.
Abstract
We have tested the sensitivity of a recently published approach to combining clinical and EMG data in the 'research diagnosis' of
ALS, in 55 consecutive patients clinically diagnosed with ALS.
Delirium is a neurobehavioral syndrome caused by the transient disruption of normal neuronal activity secondary to systemic disturbances. It is also the most common psychiatric syndrome found in the general hospital setting, its prevalence surpassing better known psychiatric disorders.
Pediatric Blood & Cancer Published Online: 22 Jan 2009
A population based cross-sectional study was used to examine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components in childhood brain tumor survivors.
Journal of Perinatology advance online publication 22 January 2009;
doi: 10.1038/jp.2008.231
Neonates were monitored with a cerebral oximeter before, during, and after cannulation for ECMO to determine the direct effects of ligation of the right internal jugular vein and right carotid artery on cerebral oxygenation.
European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 1619-7070 (Print) 10.1007/s00259-008-1051-3
To develop a computer-assisted automated diagnostic system to distinguish among Alzheimer disease (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies
(DLB), and other degenerative disorders in patients with mild dementia.
Cephalalgia, Volume 29, Number 2, February 2009 , pp. 179-187(9)
The aim of the current study was to estimate the prevalence of all primary headaches and cranial neuralgias in the general community. As part of the population-based Bruneck Study, 574 men and women aged 55-94 years underwent extensive neurological and laboratory examinations involving a standardized headache interview.
Cephalalgia, Volume 29, Number 2, February 2009 , pp. 194-203(10)
Migrainous headache is reported by patients with photosensitive epilepsy, whereas their relatives complain more often about headache than the relatives of patients with other types of epilepsy.
Child's Nervous System 0256-7040 (Print) 10.1007/s00381-008-0798-y
Hypothalamic hamartomas are rare congenital malformations located in the region of the tuber cinereum and third ventricle. Patients may be asymptomatic, but the usual presentation is gelastic seizures, precocious puberty, and/or developmental delay.
Child's Nervous System 0256-7040 (Print) 10.1007/s00381-008-0799-x
The management of children with completely resected intracranial ependymomas is controversial. We favor deferring adjuvant radiotherapy in low-risk patients, whereas others recommend radiotherapy.
Journal of Child Neurology 2009, doi:10.1177/0883073808325654
Using the Child Behavior Checklist, behavior of 51 children with cryptogenic localization-related epilepsy was studied. According to parent report, children with cryptogenic localization-related epilepsy scored in the clinical range on the subscales "internalizing behavior," "total behavior," and
"attentional problems."
People with Parkinson's disease are twice as likely to be recurrent fallers compared to other older people. As these falls have devastating consequences, there is an urgent need to identify and test innovative interventions with the potential to reduce falls in people with Parkinson's disease.
Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation:Volume 24(1)January/February 2009p 41-50
To determine the impact of traumatic brain injury (TBI) on visual outcomes in combat ocular trauma (COT) and determine the association between TBI severity and types of ocular injuries.
Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation:Volume 24(1)January/February 2009p 4-13
The Veterans Health Administration's (VHA's) Polytrauma System of Care, developed in response to a new cohort of patients back from Iraq and Afghanistan, is described with particular focus on the assessment and treatment of mild traumatic brain injury (mild TBI).
Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation:Volume 24(1)January/February 2009p 51-56
large number of Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom returnees are seeking DOD and VA rehabilitative care for war-related traumatic brain injury (TBI). This article reviews evidence on the utility of driving simulators as tools for assessment and training in TBI rehabilitation.
Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation:Volume 24(1)January/February 2009p 32-40
Comorbid mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) with posttraumatic stress disorder
(PTSD) is a common clinical presentation among troops returning from Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom
(OEF/OIF).
Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation:Volume 24(1)January/February 2009p 24-31
To characterize cognitive test performance in a sample of US Army soldiers who had served in Iraq and Afghanistan and were tested after returning to their home base. To determine whether if a self-reported history of deployment-related traumatic brain injury (TBI), lifetime history of TBI, and the current postconcussive symptom status affected cognitive test performance.
Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation:Volume 24(1)January/February 2009p 57-64
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a risk associated with military duty, and residual effects from TBI may adversely affect a service member's ability to complete duties. It is, therefore, important to identify factors associated with a change in job status following TBI in an active military population.
Our laboratory has been actively engaged in investigating mechanisms of activation of initiator caspase-9 during hypoxia in the developing newborn and fetal brains. The present review has been organized as follows: (a) the effect of hypoxia on the expression and activation of caspase-3, -8, and -9 in the newborn brain; (b) the role of nitric oxide in caspase-9, and caspase-3 activation during hypoxia in the newborn brain; (c) the role of nuclear Ca2+-influx in caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation during hypoxia in the newborn brain; (d) the effect of caspase-9 inhibition during hypoxia on preventing downstream events including caspase-3 activation.
Journal of Child Neurology 2009, doi:10.1177/0883073808327842
Encephalitis is one of the manifestations of infection with Epstein-Barr virus with clinical outcome varying from complete recovery to death. A 16-year-old boy with Epstein-Barr virus encephalitis with global cortical and subcortical gray matter involvement and a full clinical recovery is reported.
Wernicke's encephalopathy is an acute neurological syndrome resulting from thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency. Early recognition is important because timely thiamine supplementation can reverse the clinical features of the disease.
Bacterial meningitis (BM) is a severe complication in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
(SAH). Clinical signs of meningitis are often masked by
SAH-related symptoms, and routine cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis fails to indicate BM.
A 69-year-old male was presented with a 2-month history of cognitive decline. The most profound deficit was observed in short-term verbal and visual memory and recognition.
Journal of Medical Case Reports 2009, 3:17doi:10.1186/1752-1947-3-17
The improved survival of children with brain tumors has increased concerns about treatment-related
sequelae. Growth hormone deficiency is frequently observed after craniospinal irradiation for
medulloblastoma.
Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (AHL) is a rare demyelinating disease mainly affecting children, characterized by acute onset, progressive course and high mortality.
To provide anatomical data to help identify and locate the anterior ethmoidal artery
(AEA) precisely during endoscopic procedures. Method: We dissected 15 adult cadaver heads, which provided 30 specimens, to study morphological characteristics, courses, and several types of variations.
The 18q deletion syndrome (18q-) is a chromosomal disorder involving deletion of the distal segment of chromosome 18. Typifying features include poor cerebral
myelination, reduced intellectual functioning and developmental delay.
Symptomatic vascular compression of the medulla oblongata causing brainstem dysfunction is extremely rare. Only a few case reports documenting the clinical condition of patients, diagnostic features and therapeutic options are available in literature.
When interacting with objects in their environment, patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) often make hypometric movements (e.g.,
micrographia). The purpose of this study was to learn if patients with PD, in the absence of overt actions or environmental stimuli, have egocentric (body-centered) conceptual (representational)
hypometria.
We report a 4-year-old child with severe semi-lobar holoprosencephaly (HPE) not expected to survive after birth. Magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI) revealed agenesis of the corpus callosum, absence of the third ventricle, fused thalami and basal ganglia.
The aim of this study was to investigate cortical activation in response to binaural stimulus presentations in an individual (FX) with a circumscribed traumatic hemorrhagic lesion of the right inferior
colliculus.
Myofibrillar myopathies (MFMs) are rare inherited or sporadic progressive neuromuscular disorders with considerable clinical and genetic heterogeneity.
Benign osteoblastoma is an uncommon primary tumor of the bone. Any area of the skeleton may be affected by this tumor, but its occurrence in the temporal bone and middle ear is extremely rare.
Walking activity is an important part of exercise prescription for stroke survivors. The purpose of this study was to: (1) compare ambulatory activity parameters in subacute stroke survivors over three time periods; and (2) discuss options for measurement of ambulatory activity data with respect to absolute activity, intensity of activity, and variability and pattern of activity.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in approximately 230,000 hospitalizations annually in the United States. Advances in the acute management of TBI have improved survival after TBI. Many TBI survivors develop neurobehavioral disturbances in the acute post-injury period.
Journal of Child Neurology 2009, doi:10.1177/0883073808327833
Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease is a rare X-linked disorder caused by mutations of the proteolipid protein 1 gene that encodes a structural component of myelin.
Journal of Child Neurology 2009, doi:10.1177/0883073808327840
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is a devastating progressive degenerative disease of the nervous system presumably caused by a persistent measles virus.
Native C-reactive protein (nCRP) is a pentameric oligo-protein and an acute phase reactant whose serum expression is increased in patients with inflammatory disease. We have identified by
immunohistochemistry, significant expression of a tissue-binding insoluble modified version or monomeric form of CRP
(mCRP) associated with angiogenic microvessels in peri-infarcted regions of patients studied with acute ischaemic stroke.
Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Volume 29 Issue 1, Pages 7 - 12
To evaluate the effectiveness of three-dimensional (3D) dynamic time-resolved contrast-enhanced MRA
(TR-CE-MRA) using a combination of a parallel imaging technique (ASSET: array spatial sensitivity encoding technique) and a time-resolved method (TRICKS: time-resolved imaging of contrast kinetics) and to compare it with 3D dynamic TR-CE-MRA using ASSET alone in the assessment of intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs).
Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Volume 29 Issue 1, Pages 1 - 6
To develop a 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) sequence that can be used to image infants/children at 3T and by combining it with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)
tractography, extract relevant metabolic information corresponding to the corticospinal tract (CST).
Child's Nervous System 0256-7040 (Print) 10.1007/s00381-008-0787-1
The basal ganglia is an uncommon location for germ cell tumors. It has been reported that basal ganglia germinomas and mixed germ cell tumors are associated with ipsilateral cerebral and brainstem hemiatrophy on presentation.
Sleep Medicine Volume 10, Issue 1, Pages 35-46 (January 2009)
Sleep and vigilance disorders are among the most commonly reported symptoms following a concussion. The aim of the study was thus to investigate the effects of sport-related concussions on subjective and objective sleep quality.
Sleep Medicine Volume 10, Issue 1, Pages 129-133 (January 2009)
The symptoms of restless legs syndrome (RLS) have a circadian pattern and central nervous system dopamine has been implicated in the pathogenesis of the condition.
Sleep Medicine Volume 10, Issue 1, Pages 143-146 (January 2009)
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is frequently seen in patients with neurodegenerative diseases. It can also be seen in brainstem lesions involving the
pons. However, RBD in patients with a pure pontine infarction has been rarely reported.
To examine the immediate and sustained effects of volitional sympathetic modulation, using galvanic skin response
(GSR) biofeedback training on cortical excitability in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy.
Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics Published Online: 19 Jan 2009
To study the prevalence of variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) polymorphism in platelet membrane glycoprotein (GP) Ib - in a Chinese Han population and to determine the relationship between VNTR polymorphisms and aspirin resistance.
Chorea is a rare manifestation of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus, and is probably caused by immune-mediated hypofunction of the contralateral striatum. Conventional imaging with brain computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging often fails to show any structural lesions.
This is an 11-year-old girl with newly diagnosed Sydenham chorea after presenting with mood change for 6 months, hearing voices for a few weeks and
dysarthria, and abnormal movements for a few days before medical attention. She did not have any recent infections,
pharyngitis, or strep throat. In addition, she had no significant medical history or family history, especially neurologic disease or movement disorders.
The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care:Volume 66(1)January 2009pp 179-183
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability in developed countries. We document trends in TBI-related hospitalizations in Ontario, Canada, between April 1992 and March 2002, focusing on relationships between inpatient hospitalization rates, age, sex, cause of injury, severity level, and in-hospital mortality.
Journal of Neurotrauma. ahead of print. doi:10.1089/neu.2008.0602
Military personnel are exposed to occupational levels of blast overpressure during training. This study characterizes the pressure-time histories of air, underwater, and localized blast, and correlates blast parameters with neuropathology. Blast overpressure was produced by a howitzer, a bazooka, an automatic rifle, underwater explosives, or a shock tube.
Fascin is a 55-kDa globular protein that functions to organize filamentous-actin into parallel bundles. A role for fascin in cell migration has led to its study in many tumor types. In this report, we investigate fascin in
astrocytomas.
Journal of Neural Transmission 0300-9564 (Print) 10.1007/s00702-008-0179-4
A literature review was conducted to assess risk of cardiac valve regurgitation
(CVR) associated with use of ergot-derived and non-ergot dopamine agonists (DAs) in patients with
Parkinson's disease (PD).
The objectives of the present study were to: (1) noninvasively identify white matter reorganization and monitor its progress within 6 weeks after the onset of stroke; and (2) quantitatively investigate the effect of recombinant human erythropoietin treatment on this structural change using in vivo measurement of diffusion anisotropy.
Mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 gene (PARK8/LRRK2) encoding the protein Lrrk2 are causative of inherited and sporadic Parkinson’s disease (PD) with phenotypic manifestations of frontotemporal lobar degeneration, corticobasal degeneration and associated motor neuron disease in some patients, and with variable
penetrance.
Though the vascular system of the adult brain is extremely stable under normal baseline conditions, endothelial cells start to proliferate in response to brain ischemia. The induction of angiogenesis, primarily in the ischemic boundary zone, enhances oxygen and nutrient supply to the affected tissue.
Child's Nervous System 0256-7040 (Print) 10.1007/s00381-008-0790-6
Brain tumors are one of the most common types of solid neoplasm in children. As life expectancy of these patients has increased with new and improved therapies, the morbidities associated with the treatments and the tumor itself have become more important.
Among patients with transient ischemic attack, the ABCD2 score predicts short-term stroke risk. Use of the ABCD2 score assumes the underlying diagnosis to be transient ischemic attack; however, most transient ischemic attack services assess a variety of diagnoses.
In the Factor Seven for Acute Hemorrhagic Stroke (FAST) trial, 80 µg/kg of recombinant activated factor VII
(rFVIIa) significantly reduced intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) expansion when given within 4 hours of onset. However, in contrast to an earlier Phase 2b study, rFVIIa did not improve survival or functional outcome.
Studies on the epidemiology of stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) are very limited in Asian elderly populations. We investigate the prevalence, risk factors, and neuropsychiatric comorbidities of stroke and TIA in community-dwelling Korean elders.
The use of protection devices (PDs) and stents with different cell designs in carotid artery stenting
(CAS) is a subject of controversy, and no data on their benefit are available from independently controlled multi-center studies.
Cerebral infarction is an important complication of sickle cell disease (SCD) and occurs in one third of the patients with SCD. The risk of infarction is commonly attributed to the hyperemia that is associated with anemia and reduces the cerebral vascular reserve.
Walking activity is an important part of exercise prescription for stroke survivors. The purpose of this study was to: (1) compare ambulatory activity parameters in subacute stroke survivors over three time periods; and (2) discuss options for measurement of ambulatory activity data with respect to absolute activity, intensity of activity, and variability and pattern of activity.
Stroke Published online before print January 15, 2009, doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.531996
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is associated with cerebral hyperperfusion and an increased risk of stroke. Also, both recurrent microvascular obstruction and chronic hemolysis affect endothelial function, potentially interfering with systemic and cerebral blood flow control.
Most stroke incidence studies use geographically localized (community) samples with few national data sources available. Such samples preclude research on contextual risk factors, but national samples frequently collect only self-reported stroke.
Stroke is a common and serious clinical manifestation of Fabry disease, an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by deficiency of
{alpha}-galactosidase A activity. This study was undertaken to better understand the natural history of cerebrovascular manifestations of Fabry disease.
Inadvertent contrast agent injection in the left cubital artery may lead to decisively altered perfusion parameters in stroke CT. These effects have not previously been described.
In this paper we aim to develop the understanding of what constitutes a 'good' or 'poor' experience in relation to the transition from hospital to home following a stroke.
To establish whether interactive drama has any effect on the responses of people with complex neurological disabilities resident in a long term care facility.
It is considered good practice that amputees remain in a wheelchair until fitted with a prosthesis. However, this practice is not evidence based. In the first of a series of studies in pre prosthetic mobility, this study will explore the individual amputees' perspective.
This study utilized the Environment dimension of the ICF, to explore needs of outpatients and their family members in the context of system and professional needs in an outpatient rehabilitation unit.
Spinal Cord advance online publication 20 January 2009;
doi: 10.1038/sc.2008.147
To observe if there is a relationship between the level of injury by the American Spinal Cord Injury Association (ASIA) and cortical somatosensory evoked potential
(SSEP) recordings of the median nerve in patients with quadriplegia.
Spinal Cord advance online publication 20 January 2009; doi: 10.1038/sc.2008.173
To describe the physician utilization patterns (family physicians (FP), specialist and emergency department (ED) visits) of adults with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) 1 year after the initial injury.
The Lancet Neurology, Volume 8, Issue 2, Pages 205 - 216, February 2009
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and proteins containing a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain (ADAM) are important in
neuroinflammation, and recent studies have linked their actions to neurodegenerative disorders.
The Lancet Neurology, Volume 8, Issue 2, Pages 129 - 131, February 2009
The world of the stroke specialist generally comprises emergent management, secondary prevention, and, in some cases, post-stroke recovery and rehabilitation.
The Lancet Neurology, Volume 8, Issue 2, Pages 141 - 150, February 2009
Previous studies have suggested that desmoteplase, a novel plasminogen activator, has clinical benefit when given 3-9 h after the onset of the symptoms of stroke in patients with presumptive tissue at risk that is identified by magnetic resonance perfusion imaging (PI) and diffusion-weighted imaging
(DWI).
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Volume 90, Issue 1, Pages 74-81 (January 2009)
Lower-limb amputees (N=2039) who either obtained their prosthesis through the Orthopedische Instrument Makerij (a group of orthopedic workshops in the Netherlands) or were a member of the (Dutch) National Society of Amputees
(Landelijke Vereniging van Geamputeerden) were invited to participate.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Volume 90, Issue 1, Pages 17-19 (January 2009)
Early investigations classified traumatic brain injury (TBI) severity according to posttraumatic amnesia (PTA) duration, designating "greater than 7 days" as the most severe. PTA durations of more than 7 days are common in neurorehabilitation populations.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Volume 90, Issue 1, Pages 43-50 (January 2009)
Three experimental conditions lasting 6 weeks in duration: (1) no active rehabilitation; (2) 3.0 hours of interdisciplinary rehabilitation a week; or (3) 4.5 hours of interdisciplinary rehabilitation a week. Participants had stable medication regimes during the study.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Volume 90, Issue 1, Pages 95-101 (January 2009)
Primary outcome was time from survey to mortality or censoring. Mortality status was determined using the National Death Index and the Social Security Death Index. There were 224 deaths (16.2%) in the full sample, and due to missing data, 188 deaths were observed in the 1251 participants included in the final statistical model.
Although surgical resection has been an important alternative treatment for patients with intractable epilepsy related to focal cortical dysplasia
(FCD), the prognostic relevance of the degree of pathologic severity is controversial and there has been only limited information regarding the prognostic factors involved in the surgical treatment of refractory epilepsy in patients with
FCD.
Two groups of 150 patients treated with either the high-dose or low-dose formulation of pyridoxine,
cobalamin, and folic acid in a randomized, double-blind fashion were selected among the participants in the VISP study without recurrent stroke during follow-up and in the highest 10% of the distribution for baseline tHcy levels.
Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is recognized as the major cause of focal intractable epilepsy in childhood. Various factors influencing postsurgical seizure outcome in pediatric patients with FCD have been reported.
Long QT syndrome (LQTS) typically presents with syncope, seizures, or sudden death. Patients with LQTS have been misdiagnosed with a seizure disorder or epilepsy and treated with antiepileptic drug
(AED) medication.
Incidence rates of epilepsy in children are highest during the first year of life. Most frequently, epilepsy results from a metabolic or structural defect in the brain. However, some infants have clearly delineated epilepsy syndromes for which no underlying etiology can be identified except for a genetic predisposition.
The combination of early-onset, progressive parkinsonism with pyramidal tract signs has been known as
pallido-pyramidal or parkinsonian-pyramidal syndrome since the first description by Davison in 1954.
A 19-year-old man presented with a 5-day history of vomiting and passing dark urine. He gave a 6-month history of arthralgias and joint swelling, particularly affecting larger joints. He had recurrent epistaxis and recent
episcleritis.
To describe a multigenerational kindred with a frontotemporal dementia clinical syndrome
(FTDS), extensive subcortical gliosis pathology, and autosomal dominant genetics.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis First Published on: 19 January 2009
Our objective was to determine the interval from symptom onset to diagnosis, and to evaluate associated factors in a cohort of U.S. Veterans with motor neuron diseases. We retrospectively evaluated 1359 patients enrolled in the National Registry of Veterans with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
(ALS). The main outcome measures were time from symptom onset to first diagnosis and to second opinion.
Malignant gliomas are the most common and aggressive form of brain tumors. Current therapy consists of surgical resection, followed by radiation therapy and concomitant chemotherapy.
Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging:Volume 19(4)January 2009pp 213-221
Deep brain stimulation is increasingly being applied to movement disorders, and other novel applications are emerging. The therapy requires precise localization of the stimulation electrode at specific target sites in deep brain structures. Conventional means of implantation rely on stereotactic approaches, which lack sufficient targeting accuracy and therefore are supported by invasive physiological mapping.
Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging:Volume 19(4)January 2009pp 205-212
We evaluated the safety and efficacy of using functional magnetic resonance imaging
(fMRI) brain activation data obtained at both 1.5 and 3 T to guide brain tumor resections using 1.5-T intraoperative MRI
(ioMRI) guidance.
Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging:Volume 19(4)January 2009pp 191-196
Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) has been reported to augment radical brain tumor resection. "Awake craniotomy" is a technique to conserve function during brain tumor surgery. We report on the combination of these 2 techniques, with special emphasis on potential adverse effects, caveats, and patient preparation.
Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging:Volume 19(4)January 2009pp 179-189
Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) has been a reality for more than a decade. As technology has begun to mature, the focus on practicality and user-friendliness has sharpened. In addition, the need for well-designed and well-executed outcome studies remains so that expensive new instruments such as iMRI can be justified.
Pediatric Blood & Cancer Published Online: 15 Jan 2009
We report a prospective study of secondary leukemia (SL)/myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) in neuroblastoma (NB) patients treated with 5 cycles of dose-intensive chemotherapy.
Southern Medical Journal:Volume 102(1)January 2009pp 42-44
The aim of this study was to analyze our experience with stereotactic radiosurgery in the management of patients with brain metastases from radioresistant primary cancers.
Child's Nervous System 0256-7040 (Print) 10.1007/s00381-008-0786-2
Desmoplastic infantile gangliogliomas (DIG) are rare benign intracranial neoplasms of early childhood with involvement of superficial cerebral cortex and
leptomeninges.
Child's Nervous System 0256-7040 (Print) 10.1007/s00381-008-0764-8
The unfavorable surgical results that have been reported with insular epilepsy surgery may be related to inadequate monitoring. Insular epilepsy surgery requires the precise monitoring and tailored removal of the epileptic zone.
Folinic acid-responsive seizures and pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy are two treatable causes of neonatal epileptic encephalopathy. The former is diagnosed by characteristic peaks on cerebrospinal fluid
(CSF) monoamine metabolite analysis; its genetic basis has remained elusive.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 277, Issue 1, Pages 174-175 (15 February 2009)
A 55-year-old man developed ischemic stroke after three episodes of transient dysarthria and left
hemiplegia, a typical manifestation of capsular warning syndrome. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed bilateral basal ganglionic infarction.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 277, Issue 1, Pages 160-163 (15 February 2009)
We report a 34-year-old male neuroBehçet's Disease (NBD) patient with atypical magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI) findings, whose behavioral problems were followed by progressive neurological symptoms.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 277, Issue 1, Pages 155-159 (15 February 2009)
The terms "jargon aphasia" and "jargon agraphia" describe the production of incomprehensible language containing frequent phonological, semantic or neologistic errors in speech and writing, respectively.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 277, Issue 1, Pages 147-149 (15 February 2009)
Delayed post-anoxic encephalopathy has rarely been reported, and has most commonly been associated with carbon monoxide poisoning. The underlying pathophysiological mechanism is unknown.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 277, Issue 1, Pages 143-146 (15 February 2009)
We report a cluster of patients from a Karaite Jew community with a movement disorder suggestive of Huntington disease (HD), in some cases associated with repeat lengths below the edge of 36 CAG repeats.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 277, Issue 1, Pages 138-142 (15 February 2009)
The risk of first seizure (odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence limits (CL)) was 3.6 (2.4-5.5) for cortical involvement, 2.5 (1.2-5.3) for multiple CT-scan lesions, 2.4 (1.5-3.9) for supratentorial lesions, 2.4 (1.6-3.7) for prior lesions on CT-scan, 2.1 (1.1-4.7) for family history of seizures, 2.0 (1.1-3.6) for use of epileptogenic drugs, 1.7 (1.0-2.9) for large lesions, 1.6 (1.0-2.8) for hemorrhagic lesions, and 1.4 (1.0-2.2) for cortical atrophy.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 277, Issue 1, Pages 133-137 (15 February 2009)
Migraine is a common debilitating neurovascular disorder. The vascular genes ACE and MTHFR are involved in alterations in vascular endothelium and are suggested to play a role in migraine susceptibility.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 277, Issue 1, Pages 114-118 (15 February 2009)
Axonal demyelination is a critical pathological phenomenon associated with spinal cord injury and multiple sclerosis (MS). Previous studies demonstrated that 4-Aminopyridine, a fast potassium channel blocker, enhances impulse conduction on damaged and/or demyelinated axons, allowing for functional recovery in spinal cord injuries and MS, but with severe therapeutic limitations.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 277, Issue 1, Pages 103-108 (15 February 2009)
Red cell distribution width (RDW) is a hematological parameter routinely obtained as part of the complete blood count. Recently, RDW has emerged as a potential independent predictor of clinical outcome in patients with established cardiovascular disease.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 277, Issue 1, Pages 87-97 (15 February 2009)
This study investigated the effects of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor
(GM-CSF) on the scar formation and repair of spinal cord tissues in rat spinal cord injury (SCI) model.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 277, Issue 1, Pages 80-82 (15 February 2009)
Stroke is the second commonest cause of death in both high and low- and middle-income countries [Lopez AD, Mathers CD, Ezzati M, Jamison DT, Murray CJ. Global and regional burden of disease and risk factors, 2001: systematic analysis of population health data.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 277, Issue 1, Pages 50-53 (15 February 2009)
The aim of this study is to determine if there was an association of stroke recurrence with metabolic syndrome
(MetS), defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III
(NCEP-III) report or the International Diabetes Federation
(IDF), as well as with other risk factors, including
albuminuria.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 277, Issue 1, Pages 37-49 (15 February 2009)
To determine a management strategy for the epilepsy in children with bilateral cortical malformations, clinical data of 23 patients (age, 3-23 years,
M:F=7:16) were retrospectively reviewed.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 277, Issue 1, Pages 26-31 (15 February 2009)
In the majority of cases of New Onset Refractory Status Epilepticus (NORSE) in adults, a cause is discovered. However, some cases of NORSE remain undiagnosed, i.e. cryptogenic. They are usually presumed to be due to infectious encephalitis and typically have devastating consequences. We describe our experience with six adults who presented with NORSE and raise the possibility of non-infectious causes.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 277, Issue 1, Pages 13-16 (15 February 2009)
Although 30% to 60% of transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) have embolic sources, the etiology of the remaining TIAs is unknown. Right-to-left shunt
(RLS) is one of the most important etiologies of cryptogenic stroke. The aim of this study was to determine whether RLS is related to transient ischemic attack (TIA) of unknown etiology.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:158-165
Lacunar strokes account for 25% of ischaemic strokes, but their precise aetiology is unknown. Similarities between the retinal and cerebral small vessels mean that clarification of the exact relationship between retinal microvascular abnormalities and stroke, and particularly with stroke subtypes, may aid understanding of the aetiology of lacunar stroke and stroke risk.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:175-181
To investigate the association between subjective spasticity ratings and objective spasticity measurement using a new tool for spasticity assessment, that is long-term surface electromyography
(sEMG) recordings during daily activities.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:218-227
Hearing preservation is the main focus of small acoustic neurinoma (AN) removal. Refinement of intraoperative auditory monitoring may improve postoperative hearing.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:166-170
Previous research on cognition and locked-in syndrome (LIS) is limited to single case reports, and usually reported normality of performance. Here, cognitive disorders in a group of LIS patients are investigated, using a specific test relying only on a yes/no response indicated by eye movements or verbally.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:196-200
Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) constitutes a heterogenic entity with different clinical histories, pathomorphological hippocampal findings and varying postoperative outcome.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:141-144
Levodopa induced dyskinesias (LID) are a common problem which ultimately limit the effective treatment of patients with
Parkinson's disease (PD). There is accumulating evidence that LID develop due to abnormal synaptic plasticity, which is in turn influenced by the release of brain derived neurotrophic factor
(BDNF).
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:243-244
The pyramidal tract is the major neuronal pathway that mediates voluntary movements. Several studies have reported that the pyramidal tract has a collateral pathway in the human brain, which separates from the original pyramidal tract at the midbrain, and the pons descends through the medial lemniscus in what is referred to as the aberrant pyramidal tract (APT).
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