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Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care. 66(1):63-75, January 2009
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death and disability after trauma. Coagulopathy is common in this patient population and requires rapid reversal to allow for safe neurosurgical intervention and prevent worsening of the primary injury.
Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care. 66(1):166-173, January 2009
From 1994, we have used therapeutic hypothermia in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (Glasgow Coma Scale scores of 5 or less). In 2000, we altered the target temperature to 35[degrees]C from the former 33[degrees]C, as our findings suggested that cooling to 35[degrees]C is sufficient to control intracranial hypertension, and that hypothermia below 35[degrees]C may predispose patients to persistent cumulative oxygen debt.
Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care. 66(1):184-190, January 2009
We aim to assess the long-term trend of and identify risk factors for traumatic spinal cord injury
(TSCI) mortality from 1981 through 1998 in the state of South Carolina (SC).
The diagnosis of Parkinson disease (PD) is based on clinical criteria but misdiagnosis is as high as 25% of cases as confirmed by anatomic-pathologic studies. Since the introduction of in vivo molecular imaging techniques using Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography and Positron Emission Tomography, the diagnosis of PD became more reliable by assessing dopaminergic and even nondopaminergic systems
The aim of the study was to describe the effects of aripiprazole, a new atypical antipsychotic drug that acts as a partial dopamine agonist on motor, behavioral and cognitive functions in patients with genetically confirmed Huntington’s disease (HD).
Ropinirole is a dopamine agonist, approved for use to treat symptoms of early and advanced Parkinson’s disease, is now available in a 24-hour formulation in addition to the immediate release version.
Despite a large body of resuscitation research, the optimal timing and approach to prognosticating futility after nontraumatic cardiac arrest remains controversial. Postresuscitation anoxic-ischemic encephalopathy may leave patients cognitively disabled and dependent, minimally conscious, or in a persistent vegetative state.
Journal of Neurotrauma. ahead of print. doi:10.1089/neu.2008.0629
Glycine-proline-glutamate (GPE) is an N-terminal tripeptide endogenously cleaved from insulin-like growth factor-1 in the brain and is neuroprotective against hypoxic-ischemic brain injury and
neurodegeneration.
Journal of Neurotrauma. ahead of print. doi:10.1089/neu.2008.0628
Elevations of metabolic rate following traumatic brain injury (TBI) have been reported previously, with estimates ranging from 32% to 200% above normal values.
Journal of Neurotrauma. ahead of print. doi:10.1089/neu.2008.0658
Secondary injury, the complex cascade of cellular events following spinal cord injury (SCI), is a major source of post-insult neuron death. Experimental work has focused on the details of individual factors or mechanisms that contribute to secondary injury, but little is known about the interactions among factors leading to the overall pathology dynamics that underlie its propagation.
Journal of Neurotrauma. ahead of print. doi:10.1089/neu.2008.0572
Prospective assessment of cardiovascular control in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) in response to active stand training. Cardiovascular parameters were measured at rest and in response to orthostatic challenge before and after training in individuals with clinically complete SCI.
Journal of Neurotrauma. ahead of print. doi:10.1089/neu.2008.0565
We have previously shown that a single dose of COG1410, a small molecule
ApoE-mimetic peptide derived from the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) receptor binding region, improves sensorimotor and motor outcome following cortical contusion injury
(CCI).
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American Journal of Neuroradiology 30:113-119, January 2009
Malformations of the brain stem are uncommon. We present MR imaging and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) features of 6 patients with pontine tegmental cap
dysplasia, characterized by ventral pontine hypoplasia and a dorsal "bump," and speculate on potential mechanisms by which it forms.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 30:111-112, January 2009
We describe a rare case of a de novo cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in a 9-year-old girl. MR imaging at 6 years of age demonstrated band
heterotopia.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 30:194-198, January 2009
The benefit of recanalization in basilar artery occlusion (BAO) has been established. The baseline extent of brain stem damage may also influence the outcome.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 30:160-164, January 2009
Our aim was to determine the effects of intra-arterial (IA) nicardipine infusion on the cerebral hemodynamics of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
(aSAH)-induced vasospasm by using first-pass quantitative cine CT perfusion (CTP).
American Journal of Neuroradiology 30:99-106, January 2009
Endovascular therapy of intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) is increasingly used. However, it is still under discussion which embolic material is optimal.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 30:185-187, January 2009
The diagnostic image quality of contrast-enhanced (CE) 3D MR venography (MRV) was prospectively compared with that of 2D time-of-flight
(TOF) MRV and contrast-enhanced 3D magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition of gradient echo
(MPRAGE) sequences for the visualization of the intracranial venous system at 3T in 22 patients.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 30:147-151, January 2009
Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) presents with orthostatic headache, and the diagnosis is made on the basis of low CSF pressure and brain MR imaging findings characteristic of the disorder.
Journal of Neural Transmission 0300-9564 (Print) 10.1007/s00702-008-0162-0
In contrast to major depression, only few studies are available so far on the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
(rTMS) in anxiety disorders. In order to summarise available data concerning the putative anxiolytic action of repetitive
rTMS, a systematic literature review was carried out.
Alzheimer disease (AD) is defined neuropathologically by the presence of neurofibrillary tangles and plaques associated with tau and
{beta}-amyloid protein deposition.
To investigate the developmental time frame of epilepsy onset on adult personality traits of neuroticism and extraversion and to consider their role in adjustment to intractable epilepsy.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)–Plus syndromes meet clinical criteria for ALS but also include 1 or more additional features such as dementia, geographic clustering, extrapyramidal signs, objective sensory loss, autonomic dysfunction, cerebellar degeneration, or ocular motility disturbance.
Genomic multiplications of the {alpha}-synuclein gene (SNCA) cause autosomal dominant Parkinson disease
(ADPD). The aim of this study was to assess the frequency and phenotype of SNCA rearrangements in a large series of families with typical or atypical AD parkinsonism.
Episodic ataxia (EA) is variably associated with additional neurologic symptoms. At least 4 genes have been implicated. Recently, a mutation in the SLC1A3 gene encoding the glutamate transporter EAAT1 was identified in a patient with severe episodic and progressive ataxia, seizures, alternating
hemiplegia, and migraine headache.
Antisense oligonucleotides are short nucleic acid sequences designed for use as small-molecule drugs. They recognize and bind to specific messenger RNA (mRNA) or pre-mRNA sequences to create small double-stranded regions of the target mRNA that alter mRNA splicing patterns or inhibit protein translation.
Formal olfactory testing may be useful as a bedside tool to help differentiate between conditions such as atypical parkinsonism, dementia, and psychiatric conditions. However, the neural basis of olfactory dysfunction, the effect of concurrent cognitive deficits on olfactory testing results, and the exact prevalence of olfactory deficits in populations with corticobasal syndrome (CBS) and the frontal variant of frontotemporal dementia
(FTD-FV) are to date unclear.
Voltage-gated sodium channels are critical for membrane excitability. Mutations in the genes coding for these proteins cause diseases related to altered excitability of cardiac or skeletal muscle and neurons.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 30:199-202, January 2009
Brain pulsation is a well-known observation in neurosurgery, but methods for its visualization on MR imaging, like phase imaging, do not provide a detailed structural view.
To determine the prevalence of subdural hematoma (SDH) in patients presenting with primary nontraumatic lobar intracerebral hemorrhage
(ICH) and characteristics associated with the presence of SDH.
The prognostic significance of Karnofsky performance status in neoplastic meningitis (NM) has not been demonstrated in patient groups similarly matched for known prognostic variables.
Although bee stings can cause local reactions, neurovascular complications are rare. A 60-year-old man developed a focal neurologic deficit 2 hours after multiple bee stings, which was confirmed to be acute cerebral infarctions on magnetic resonance imaging scan.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 30:71-76, January 2009
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) is uncommon in the head and neck. The purpose of this study was to investigate CT and MR imaging features of 13 cases of MFH of this area.
The Internet Journal of Anesthesiology. 2009. Volume 19 Number 1
10 year old, 25 kg boy posted for tonsillectomy had no past history of convulsions to him or any other of his family member. He was administered
Inj. Ketamine 100mg along with Inj. Glycopylorrate 0.2mg IM pre-operatively in pre-op room as
premedication. In less than 5minutes patient developed Generalized tonic and clonic seizures.
We report on a method for the longitudinal follow-up of individual white matter hypersignals
(WMH) and on its application to the study of WMH natural evolution in a cohort of 1,118 elderly over a 4-year period.
Acta Neurologica Belgica 2008, No 3 (Vol. 108/3) p.112-115
The authors describe a case of rhabdoid meningioma (RM) in a 17-year-old boy that was determined by measuring the tumor volume during preoperative follow-up.
Acta Neurologica Belgica 2008, No 3 (Vol. 108/3) p.75-89
The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) was introduced in 1974 aiming at standardizing assessment of level of consciousness in head injured patients. It has been used mainly in evaluating prognosis, comparing different groups of patients and monitoring the neurological status.
Acta Neurologica Belgica 2008, No 3 (Vol. 108/3) p.109-111
Several conditions have been reported to mimic motor neuron disease (MND) and misdiagnosis remains a common clinical problem. Peripheral neuropathy is a classic feature of many vasculitic syndromes and in some patients it may be the only manifestation of
vasculitis.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 30:42-45, January 2009
Two modified fast spin-echo (FSE) techniques (a 2-point and a single-scan triple-echo Dixon) were used for T2-weighted imaging of the head and neck in 7 patients along with conventional FSE with fat saturation.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 30:34-41, January 2009
The purpose of this study was to assess how well the anatomy of the jugular foramen
(JF) could be displayed by 3T MR imaging by using a 3D contrast-enhanced fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition sequence (CE-FIESTA) and a 3D contrast-enhanced MR angiographic sequence
(CE-MRA).
American Journal of Neuroradiology 30:203-208, January 2009
Microinvasive tumor cells, which are not detected on conventional imaging, contribute to poor prognoses for patients diagnosed with glioblastoma multiforme
(GBM, WHO grade IV). Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) shows promise in being able to detect this infiltration.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 30:19-30, January 2009
Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) is a new neuroimaging technique, which uses tissue magnetic susceptibility differences to generate a unique contrast, different from that of spin density, T1, T2, and T2*.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 30:12-18, January 2009
Very large and giant (>15 mm) cerebral aneurysms have a poor natural history, with high risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage or progressive symptoms of mass effect.
Acta Neurologica Belgica 2008, No 3 (Vol. 108/3) p.103-106
We report the case of a 23-year-old male patient who suddenly developed right
hemiparesis, cerebellar ataxia, dysarthria, and bilateral
dysmetria. Brain magnetic resonance (MR) examination demonstrated hyperacute ischaemic lesions within the
pons.
Journal of The Medical Association of Thailand Vol92_No.1_142_3072
The mainstay of treatment for Parkinson's Disease (PD) remains symptomatic despite the rapid expansion in knowledge of its neurodegenerative process. Therapeutic options, both medical and surgical, have been markedly improved over the past decades, resulting in better motor function, activities of daily living, and quality of life for PD patients.
Journal of The Medical Association of Thailand Vol92_No.1_101_6989
Home modification for stroke victims is often necessary to prevent falls and enable them to have a better quality of life. Up-to-date relationship between personal factors and home modifications in post-stroke patients has not been investigated.
To evaluate the feasibility and safety of mild hypothermia treatment in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
(SAH) who are experiencing intracranial hypertension and/or cerebral vasospasm (CVS).
SINCE THEIR DISCOVERY, stem cells have fascinated scientists with their ultimate potential: the ability to cure disease, repair altered physiology, and reverse neurological deficit.
The goal of this study was to analyze the natural history of symptomatic brainstem cavernomas (medulla,
pons, or midbrain) and outcome after surgical resection.
In some patients, collateral circulation may preserve the viability of brain parenchyma distal to an intracranial arterial occlusion for hours or days after the presenting event.
Gamma knife surgery (GKS) has become established as a minimally invasive treatment modality for patients with vestibular
schwannomas. Treatment failure and/or tumor regrowth, however, is occasionally encountered, and microsurgical resection is usually warranted in such cases.
Electrical high-frequency stimulation (HFS) of deep brain structures has been successfully used as a treatment for patients with movement disorders. The mechanisms of HFS allowing therapeutic clinical effects remain unclear, which justifies experimental studies to address these questions.
Atypical meningioma (AM) patients often undergo gross total resection (GTR) at the time of presentation, but subsequent prognosis and optimal management remain unclear.
We describe an intraosseous angiolipoma of the cranium and discuss the outcome. Angiolipomas are benign tumors that consist of mature adipose tissue and abnormal vessels.
The long-term impact of sports-related concussion is uncertain. Several studies using traditional neuropsychological measures have found a relationship between a previous history of concussion and reduced cognitive abilities.
According to current outcomes research programs, assessment of a broad spectrum of parameters, including quality of life indices, is required to adequately reflect the results of a given treatment. We performed a comprehensive evaluation in patients after supratentorial meningioma surgery in a retrospective study.
Proteins are the primary components of cells and are vital constituents of any living organism. The proteins that make up an organism (proteome) are constantly changing and are intricately linked to neurological disease processes.
In patients with moyamoya disease, surgery to revascularize the ischemic brain is a recommended treatment. However, there are a few patients who require additional revascularization surgery because of progression of the disease.
To identify and characterize the phenotypic and functional differences of endothelial cells derived from cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVM), as compared with endothelial cells derived from a normal brain.
Current methodologies for outcome assessment of coiled cerebral aneurysms are based on rough estimations. The aim of this study was to develop a system of quantitative analysis for objective and accurate assessment of the outcome of cerebral aneurysms treated with coil
embolization.
Deposition of amyloid-beta (Abeta) in vessel walls of the brain as cerebral amyloid angiopathy
(CAA) could be a major factor in the pathogenesis of dementia.
Neuron, Volume 60, Issue 3, 420-429, 6 November 2008
Brain development was thought to be largely hardwired and accomplished by birth, and the brain was thought to have essentially no regenerative capacity. The remarkable discovery of adult neurogenesis and neural stem cells
(NSCs) existing in the mature CNS changed that, allowing us to think optimistically about CNS repair.
Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, 08 January 2009 doi:10.1016/j.tips.2008.11.003
Adult hippocampal stem/progenitor cells (AHPs) continuously give rise to new neurons throughout life, which might be an important determinant of hippocampus-dependent function.
Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, Volume 10, Number 1, January 2009 , pp. 5-17(13)
Idiopathic generalized epilepsies (IGE) represent about 20% of all epilepsies, are genetically determined and comprise several subgroups of syndromes. Although complete seizure control is achievable in about 80% of patients with IGE syndromes, a substantial group remains with inadequate control and unsatisfactory long-term outcome.
The aim of our work was to investigate the process of myelination in healthy patients using the diffusion parameters apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), relative anisotropy (RA), fractional anisotropy (FA), and
eigenvalues. Age-dependent changes were assessed using the slope m of the fit functions that best described the data.
European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 0940-1334 (Print) 10.1007/s00406-008-0826-7
For decades, the most severe, protracted and therapy-resistant forms of major depression have compelled clinicians and researchers to look for last resort treatment.
Magnetic Resonance in Medicine Published Online: 8 Jan 2009
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) provides hydraulic suspension for the brain. The general concept of bulk CSF production, circulation, and reabsorption is well established, but the mechanisms of momentary CSF volume variation corresponding to vasoreactive changes are far less understood.
Magnetic Resonance in Medicine Published Online: 8 Jan 2009
Arterial spin labeling (ASL) uses proximally inverted blood water spins as an endogenous contrast agent to measure blood perfusion in tissue. In this work pulsed ASL was used to measure the kinetic curves of cerebral blood flow
(CBF) across eight anatomically based regions of interest
(ROIs) in five normal healthy subjects.
No prospective studies have examined the association between occupational stress according to the job demand-control model and the risk of stroke in Asian populations.
Trends in Neurosciences, 09 January 2009 doi:10.1016/j.tins.2008.10.003
Classical biological methods involving analyses of one or several genes have been the mainstay for studying the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. However, it has become clear that these diseases exhibit complex molecular interactions involving both host genomes and environmental determinants.
Trends in Neurosciences, 12 January 2009 doi:10.1016/j.tins.2008.10.004
Neurobiological research on learning assumes that temporal contiguity is essential for association formation, but what constitutes temporal contiguity has never been specified.
Trends in Neurosciences, 09 January 2009 doi:10.1016/j.tins.2008.11.004
Chronic pain secondary to neuronal injury is actively and continuously modulated at multiple locations along the sensory
neuraxis. Here, we describe how nociceptive neurons of the spinal cord and thalamus process and communicate nociceptive information in terms of precisely calibrated firing patterns.
American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A Published Online: 9 Jan 2009
Mutations in genes coding for transducers participating in the RAS/MAPK pathway have been identified as the molecular cause underlying a group of clinically related developmental disorders with cognitive deficits of variable severity.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 17 October 2008. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.153460
Lacunar strokes account for 25% of ischaemic strokes but its precise aetiology is unknown. Similarities between the retinal and cerebral small vessels mean that clarification of the exact relationship between retinal microvascular abnormalities and stroke, and particularly with stroke subtypes, may aid understanding of the aetiology of lacunar stroke and stroke risk.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 31 October 2008. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2006.108993
Sustained drug therapy in Parkinson disease may alter the psychomotor responses to acute challenges with dopaminergic drugs, L-dopa, and methylphenidate and cause
cross-sensitisation.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 31 October 2008. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2007.139287
Although epilepsy is considered a grey matter disorder, changes in the underlying brain connectivity have important implications in seizure generation and propagation. We have previously identified abnormalities in the temporal and extratemporal white matter of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy
(TLE) and mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS).
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 31 October 2008. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.156919
Hearing preservation is the main focus of small acoustic neurinoma (AN) removal. Refinement of intraoperative auditory monitoring may improve postoperative hearing. We have introduced a newly designed intracranial electrode enabling continuous monitoring of cochlear nerve compound action potential
(CNAP).
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 31 October 2008. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.151977
We studied the frequency, nature, relationship to systemic features, value of investigation findings and outcomes for a cohort of patients with neurosarcoidosis (NS) by performing a retrospective survey of case records from nine District General or Regional Centre hospitals in south-west England and south Wales over a 12-year period (1990-2002).
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 31 October 2008. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.156109
In the general population folic acid supplementation during pregnancy has been demonstrated to reduce the frequency of neural tube defects
(NTDs) and other major congenital malformations (MCMs). It is recommended that women with epilepsy contemplating pregnancy take supplemental folic acid due to the known
anti-folate effect of some anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs). Here we aim to determine effectiveness of this practice.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 9 December 2008. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.155671
Chronic communicating hydrocephalus is a common sequela of subarachnoid haemorrhage and develops when the flow and drainage of cerebrospinal fluid
(CSF) are impaired after fibrosis in the subarachnoid space. Transforming growth factor
(TGF){beta}1/{beta}2 are potent fibrogenic agents released by platelets into the CSF after subarachnoid
haemorrhage, which may promote post-haemorrhagic fibrosis after chronic communicating hydrocephalus.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 15 December 2008. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.157792
The corticospinal tract features a largely exposed course through the brainstem, and is therefore at risk in many brainstem related procedures. No large case series on motor evoked potential
(MEP) monitoring during brainstem surgery have been reported as yet.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 31 October 2008. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.154294
Levodopa induced dyskinesias (LID) are a common problem which ultimately limit the effective treatment of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). There is accumulating evidence that LID develop due to abnormal synaptic plasticity which is in turn influenced by the release of Brain Derived Neurotrophic factor
(BDNF).
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 5 December 2008. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.158576
To assess the occurrence of weight gain in parkinsonian patients with an average sixteen months follow-up after subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 23 October 2008. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.150060
The strength and nature of the relationships between motor impairments and activity limitations assessed by the ACTIVLIM questionnaire were investigated in 245 patients with neuromuscular disorders. Measures of motor impairments consisted of (1) a grip strength test using a Jamar dynamometer, (2) a manual muscle testing bilaterally performed in eighteen muscle groups and (3) a gait speed spontaneously adopted by the patients using the 10-meter timed walking test. Activity limitations were poorly correlated with grip strength in both hands (r=0.3 and 0.36) and moderately correlated with gait speed (r=0.53).
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 14 November 2008. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.148122
Despite evidence demonstrating that risk factor management is effective in reducing recurrent cerebrovascular disease, there are very few structured care programs for stroke survivors. Our aim was to implement and evaluate an integrated care program in stroke.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 17 November 2008. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.158246
We review a series of patients with anti-Hu-associated brainstem encephalitis to better define the clinical presentation and to improve its recognition.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 1 October 2008. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.148767
Substantial grey matter (GM) demyelination occurs in both the cerebral cortex and the spinal cord in Multiple Sclerosis (MS). GM demyelination also occurs in the cerebellar cortex and the deep GM nuclei of the brain. However no study has made a direct "within-subject" comparison of the extent of GM pathology between these regions.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 17 October 2008. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.150185
Hyperdense middle cerebral artery sign (HMCAS) on computer tomography (CT) is a well-known indication of thromboembolic arterial occlusion. Its disappearance after thrombolytic therapy is poorly described. Taking the rate of HMCAS disappearance as surrogate for MCA recanalization we examined its prognostic value after intravenous
thrombolysis.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 17 October 2008. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.144634
Guidelines from NICE and the International League Against Epilepsy recommend long-term EEG monitoring
(LTM) in patients in whom seizure or syndrome type is unclear, and in patients in whom it is proving difficult to differentiate between epilepsy and non-epileptic attack disorder
(NEAD). The purpose of this study was to evaluate this recommended use of LTM in the setting of an epilepsy tertiary referral unit.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 31 October 2008. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.159657
While spasticity is commonly treated with oral agents or botulinum neurotoxin
(BoNT) injection, these treatments have not been systematically compared.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 21 November 2008. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.157701
Changes to the efficiency and integrity of swallowing mechanisms are inevitable in Parkinson's disease (PD). It remains unclear how many people with PD are at risk of
dysphagia.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 5 December 2008. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.155739
A rigorous description of the time course of changes in neuromuscular properties after stroke may help us to understand the mechanisms underlying major motor impairments, and it will also help us track the efficacy of rehabilitation treatments. Such time course data have not been collected to date, primarily because of the lack of accurate tools for separating muscular and neural functional measures.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 9 December 2008. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.154765
Fisher syndrome (FS) is characterized by a triad of ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and
areflexia. The lesion sites responsible for ataxia and ophthalmoplegia in FS require further exploration. The aim of this study was to determine involvement of the central nervous system in FS using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET).
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 6 October 2008. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.151860
Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) constitutes a heterogenic entity with different clinical histories, pathomorphological findings and varying postoperative outcome.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 23 October 2008. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.147090
To investigate the association between subjective spasticity ratings and objective spasticity measurement using a new tool for spasticity assessment, i.e. long-term sEMG (surface electromyography) recordings during daily activities. For monitoring, processing and analysis of this long-term sEMG data, a muscle activity detection algorithm was developed.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 31 October 2008. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.156067
The locations of cortex controlling motor, sensory, or language functions can change in adult humans under some circumstances, such as expanding tumors, trauma, or continuous focal seizures. It is not clear what other circumstances might result in changes in cortical functional maps.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 14 November 2008. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.157875
With improvements in stroke treatments, the number of patients with dramatic recovery is increasing. However, many of them are still complaining of difficulties in returning to work and every day activities. We aimed to assess work and social dysfunctioning in patients with minor to moderate stroke and explore its contributing factors.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 14 November 2008. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.161117
The effect of electrical somatosensory stimulation on motor performance of the affected hand was investigated in 12 chronic subcortical stroke subjects. Subjects performed index finger and hand tapping movements as well as reach-to-grasp movements with both the affected and unaffected hand prior to (baseline conditions) and following
(i) two hours of electrical somatosensory stimulation (trains of 5 pulses at 10 Hz with 1 ms duration delivered at 1 Hz with an intensity on average 60% above the individual somatosensory threshold) of the median nerve of the affected hand or (ii) two hours of idle time on separate occasions at least one week apart.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 31 October 2008. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.149286
Elevated homocysteine has been associated with higher prevalence of cerebral white matter lesions and infarcts, and worse cognitive performance. This raises the question whether factors involved in homocysteine metabolism, such as vitamin B12, are also related to these outcomes. We examined the association of several markers of vitamin B12 status with cerebral white matter lesions, infarcts, and cognition.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 7 November 2008. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.159459
The spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are clinically and genetically heterogeneous. Currently, 27 forms are known, with the causative gene identified in 16. Although the majority of dominant pedigrees worldwide have SCAs 1, 2, 3, 6 or 8, new SCAs continue to be delineated. We describe a new disorder: SCA 30.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 5 December 2008. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.159632
Most previous studies evaluating use of methylphenidate following traumatic brain injury (TBI) have been conducted many years post-injury. This study evaluated the efficacy of methylphenidate in facilitating cognitive function in the inpatient rehabilitation phase.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 17 October 2008. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2007.138016
Anti-Hu antibodies (Hu-Ab) and anti-CV2/CRMP5 antibodies (CV2/CRMP5-Ab) have been identified in association with paraneoplastic neurological disorders. However, it is not clear whether these antibodies are associated with specific neurological symptoms or are only markers of anti-cancer immune reaction.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 23 October 2008. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2007.128686
Previous researches on cognition and locked-in syndrome (LIS) are limited to single case reports, and usually reported normality of performance. Here, we investigated cognitive disorders in a group of LIS patients, using a specific test relying only on a yes/no response indicated by eye movements or verbally.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 31 October 2008. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.149989
Neurological involvement in sarcoidosis is serious and often aggressive. Many patients respond to steroids, but some show a progressive course despite treatment with steroids and even more potent immunosuppressive drugs. We aimed to describe our experience in the treatment of refractory neurosarcoidosis with
Infliximab; its effect on the course of the disease and side effects.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 21 November 2008. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.152710
Posterior fossa brain arteriovenous malformations (PFbAVMs) are rare lesions. Management is complicated by eloquence of adjacent neurological structures, multimodality treatment is often necessary and obliteration not always possible. We describe our 15-year experience in the management of posterior fossa brain AVMs with focus on clinical outcome.
The prognosis of patients diagnosed with malignant glioma (MG) remains poor. However, recent advances in
neuro-oncology allowing a better understanding of this particular disease have allowed the development of new therapeutics.
To discuss the current management options for giant-cell tumors (GCTs) involving the temporal bone and present two case reports and a review of the literature.
This study is designed to describe the association between benign intracranial hypertension
(BIH) and spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea and address the effect of extracranial venous flow dynamics on intracranial pressure
(ICP).
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 5 December 2008. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.155291
Bitemporal lobe epilepsy is commonly encountered in the evaluation of pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Yet the role of surgery in the management of these patients is unclear. This study evaluates the impact of surgery on seizure tendency and quality of life, as well as prognostic indicators in individuals with proven ictal onset bitemporal epilepsy.
To investigate the developmental time frame of epilepsy onset on adult personality traits of neuroticism and extraversion and to consider their role in adjustment to intractable epilepsy.
Formal olfactory testing may be useful as a bedside tool to help differentiate between conditions such as atypical parkinsonism, dementia, and psychiatric conditions.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) increases the risk of dementia in the elderly. However, its underlying mechanisms, its connection with Alzheimer disease and vascular cognitive impairment, and effects of therapy remain unclear.
To determine the prevalence of subdural hematoma (SDH) in patients presenting with primary nontraumatic lobar intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and characteristics associated with the presence of SDH.
Genomic multiplications of the -synuclein gene (SNCA) cause autosomal dominant Parkinson disease (ADPD). The aim of this study was to assess the frequency and phenotype of SNCA rearrangements in a large series of families with typical or atypical AD parkinsonism.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-Plus syndromes meet clinical criteria for ALS but also include 1 or more additional features such as dementia, geographic clustering, extrapyramidal signs, objective sensory loss, autonomic dysfunction, cerebellar degeneration, or ocular motility disturbance.
Voltage-gated sodium channels are critical for membrane excitability. Mutations in the genes coding for these proteins cause diseases related to altered excitability of cardiac or skeletal muscle and neurons.
Antisense oligonucleotides are short nucleic acid sequences designed for use as small-molecule drugs. They recognize and bind to specific messenger RNA (mRNA) or pre-mRNA sequences to create small double-stranded regions of the target mRNA that alter mRNA splicing patterns or inhibit protein translation.
Advances in neuroimaging technologies over the last 2 decades have opened up promising new methods to gain insight into human brain function. In the clinical domain, these techniques carry the hope to improve diagnosis and management of numerous brain diseases.
Distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSP) is the most common variety of neuropathy. Since the evaluation of this disorder is not standardized, the available literature was reviewed to provide evidence-based guidelines regarding the role of laboratory and genetic tests for the assessment of DSP.
Distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSP) is the most common variety of neuropathy. Since the evaluation of this disorder is not standardized, the available literature was reviewed to provide evidence-based guidelines regarding the role of autonomic testing, nerve biopsy, and skin biopsy for the assessment of polyneuropathy.
The Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS) hormone therapy (HT) trials reported that conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) with or without medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) increases risk for all-cause dementia and global cognitive decline. WHIMS MRI measured subclinical cerebrovascular disease as a possible mechanism to explain cognitive decline reported in WHIMS.
Cognitive decline is one of the clinical hallmarks of cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), a cerebrovascular disease caused by NOTCH3 mutations.
Cerebral microbleeds are known to be indicative of bleeding-prone microangiopathy and may predict incident intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). In this study, we investigated whether microbleeds are associated with the incidence of warfarin-related ICH.
The frequency of HIV dementia in a recent study of HIV+ individuals at the Infectious Disease Institute in Kampala, Uganda, was 31%. Coformulated generic drugs, which include stavudine, are the most common regimens to treat HIV infection in Uganda and many other parts of Africa.
To establish phenotype-genotype correlations in early-onset Parkinson disease (EOPD), we performed neurologic, neuropsychological, and psychiatric evaluations in a series of patients with and without parkin mutations.
{alpha}-Internexin (INA) is a proneural gene encoding a neurofilament interacting protein that is upregulated in some gliomas, particularly oligodendrogliomas
Spinal Cord advance online publication 13 January 2009; doi: 10.1038/sc.2008.168
To investigate effects of external information or external cues on gait performance in independent ambulatory incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI) patients (American Spinal Injury Association C or D, and functional independence measure walking scores=5-7).
Spinal Cord advance online publication 13 January 2009; doi: 10.1038/sc.2008.166
To determine whether Escherichia coli 83972-coated urinary catheters in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) practicing an intermittent catheterization program (ICP) could (1) achieve bladder colonization with this benign organism and (2) decrease the rate of symptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI).
Neurocritical Care 1541-6933 (Print) 10.1007/s12028-008-9178-4
Several studies have been performed to assess the prognostic value of early neurological and neurophysiological findings in patients with postanoxic coma, but they have not led to precise, generally accepted, prognostic rules.
Pediatric Surgery International 0179-0358 (Print) 10.1007/s00383-008-2315-5
Neoplastic meningitis is being recognized with increasing frequency in patients with cancer: the common causes being adenocarcinomas originating from the lung, stomach, breast, ovary, malignant melanoma, leukemia, lymphoma, Ewings sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, retinoblastoma and primary CNS malignancies.
The incidence of stroke and risk factors for different subtypes of cerebrovascular (CBV) events in renal transplant recipients have not been examined in any large prospective controlled trial.
Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care. 66(1):132-144, January 2009
Blunt cerebrovascular injuries (BCVI) have become an increasingly recognized entity. Stroke as a result of these injuries can have devastating consequences. Optimal screening criteria, diagnostic imaging, and therapy for BCVIs have not been elucidated.
J Am Acad Orthop Surg, Vol 17, No 1, January 2009, 48-55
Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurologic disorder that affects the musculoskeletal system in multiple ways. As medication and surgical management of this disorder have improved, the life spans and quality of life of patients affected by it also have improved.
This brief report covers an analysis of 7 years outcome data from the Australian Register of Antiepileptic Drugs in Pregnancy. In studying the control of antiepileptic drug-treated epileptic seizures during pregnancy, it was found that pregnancy had little influence on antiepileptic drug-treated epileptic seizure disorders.
Currently, there are no published randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of adjunctive antiepileptic therapy in idiopathic generalized epilepsy with myoclonic seizures.
Temporal lobe epilepsy remains amongst the most common and drug refractory of neurological disorders. Gene therapy may provide a realistic therapeutic approach alternative to surgery for intractable focal epilepsies.
Recent studies suggest that these mutations alter receptor function or biogenesis, including impaired receptor subunit messenger RNA stability, receptor subunit protein folding and stability, receptor assembly, and receptor trafficking.
To provide evidence of whether seizure clustering is associated with drug resistance and increased mortality in childhood-onset epilepsy, a prospective, long-term population-based study was performed.
Tonic-clonic seizures represent a common pattern of epileptic discharges, yet the relationship between the various phases of the seizure remains obscure. Here we contrast propagation of the ictal wavefront with the propagation of individual discharges in the clonic phase of the event. In an in vitro model of
tonic-clonic epilepsy, the afterdischarges (clonic phase) propagate with relative uniform speed and are independent of the speed of the ictal wavefront (tonic phase).
Despite the advent of new antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) over the past 15 years, the treatment of uncontrolled partial-onset seizures remains a dilemma for clinicians. The most recent AEDs offer new mechanisms of action and more favorable safety profiles than the first generation of AEDs.
GABAergic terminals of axo-axonic cells (AACs) are exclusively located on the axon initial segment (AIS) of cortical principal neurons, and they are generally thought to exert a powerful inhibitory action. However, recent work (Szabadics et al., 2006) indicates that this input from AACs can be depolarizing and even excitatory.
Recent studies suggest that Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common comorbid condition in childhood epilepsy, but little is known regarding the nature, frequency and timing of associated neurobehavioural/cognitive complications or the underlying aetiology of ADHD in epilepsy.
The Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project (OCSP) clinical stroke syndrome classification correlates well with the stroke lesion in established ischemic stroke, but there are few data in patients with hyperacute stroke.
Inflammation is a key mechanism in human atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability and disruption. The objective was to determine the differential gene expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory factors in the fibrous cap and shoulder region of noncalcified and calcified carotid endarterectomy plaques.
MIF has been implicated to function in many inflammatory processes. This study examined whether MIF expression was affected in stroke and its underlying molecular mechanism.
The recent finding that genetic variation in the leukotriene biosynthesis pathway may confer an increased risk of ischemic stroke and atherosclerosis has implicated the leukotriene family as potential mediators of cardiovascular disease.
Vascular remodeling as depicted by increases in arterial lumen diameter occurs in response to development of atherosclerosis. However, data on the correlates of arterial lumen diameter in younger adults by race and sex are limited.
Impairment of cerebrovascular autoregulation may promote secondary brain injury in acute brain insults. Until now, only limited data are available on autoregulation in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.
Approximately 25% of ischemic stroke patients awaken with their deficits. The last-seen-normal time is defined as the time the patient went to sleep, which places these patients outside the window for thrombolysis.
In neonatal arterial ischemic stroke, pre-Wallerian degeneration in descending corticospinal tracts (DCST) on diffusion MRI (DWI) predicts poor outcome. This signal has not been studied in older children.
The diagnosis of intracranial atherosclerosis requires availability of appropriate imaging techniques. The objective was to evaluate the proportion of European hospitals where imaging techniques necessary to detect intracranial atherosclerosis are available.
Ischemic stroke is a multifactorial disease with a strong genetic component. Pathways, including lipid metabolism, systemic chronic inflammation, coagulation, blood pressure regulation, and cellular adhesion, have been implicated in stroke pathophysiology, and candidate gene polymorphisms in these pathways have been proposed as genetic risk factors.
Fatigue is common after stroke and can be attributable to the increased physical effort associated with severe neurological deficits; however, its presence in those with little motor deficit raises the possibility of confounding by other factors, such as comorbidity, anxiety, and medication.
Methods to increase recruitment into acute stroke trials are needed. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the safety and acceptability of initiating acute stroke trials during early helicopter evacuation and to test an intervention to facilitate informed consent.
Cerebral infarcts increase the risk for cognitive impairment. The relevance of location and number of infarcts with respect to cognitive function is less clear.
American Journal of Epidemiology, doi:10.1093/aje/kwn388
In epidemiologic studies and in studies of discordant twins, cigarette smoking has been consistently associated with a lower risk of Parkinson's disease, but whether this association is causal remains controversial.
Cephalalgia, Volume 29, Number 1, January 2009 , pp. 23-30(8)
Adrenomedullin (ADM) is closely related to calcitonin gene-related peptide, which has a known causative role in migraine. Animal studies have strongly suggested that ADM has a vasodilatory effect within the cerebral circulation.
Stroke patients without evidence of arterial occlusion may not be suitable candidates for thrombolytic therapy. In our study, we investigated the outcomes of patients with negative CT angiography results for arterial occlusion.
Glucocorticoids (GCs) exert profound effects on a variety of physiological processes including adaptation to stress, metabolism, immunity and neuronal development. Cellular responsiveness to GCs depends on numerous factors including the amount of the glucocorticoid receptor
(GR) protein.
Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care. 66(1):55-62, January 2009
The incidence and risk factors for traumatic brain injury (TBI)-associated coagulopathy after severe TBI
(sTBI) and the effect of this complication on outcomes have not been evaluated in any large prospective studies.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis First Published on: 08 January 2009
Despite the beneficial effects of minocycline seen in animal models of ALS, initial clinical trials of minocycline in ALS patients failed to support its expected therapeutic usefulness. Here we discuss new results from recent preclinical studies of the molecular neuronal effects of minocycline pertinent for better understanding of the therapeutic potential of this antibiotic.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis First Published on: 08 January 2009
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is increasingly recognized to be a multisystem disorder which includes both clinical and neuropathological features of a frontotemporal lobar degeneration
(FTLD). In order to provide a common framework within which to discuss the characteristics of the cognitive and behavioural syndromes of
ALS, and with which to conduct clinical and neuropathological research, an international research workshop on frontotemporal dementia
(FTD) and ALS was held in London, Canada in June 2007.
The aim of this study is to determine whether the balance problems experienced by Parkinson's disease (PD) patients may in part be due to dysfunctional processing of vestibular information, and to search for factors that may help predict the risk of falls.
The role of {alpha}1b-adrenergic receptor ({alpha}1b-AR) in relation with neuronal degeneration, drug addiction, and seizure susceptibility has recently emerged. In particular, mice that overexpress {alpha}1b-AR undergo spontaneous epileptic seizures and progressive neuronal loss in a variety of brain areas.
Febrile seizures are the most common seizure disorder in childhood, affecting 2-5% of children. Simple febrile seizure is defined as a short (<15 min) generalized seizure, not recurring within 24 h, that occurs during a febrile illness not resulting from an acute disease of the nervous system in a child aged between 6 months and 5 years, with no neurologic deficits and no previous afebrile seizures.
Brain atrophy (BA) is observed in 20–50% of patients with epilepsy.
Hyper-total-homocysteinemia (hyper-tHcy), which occurs in 10-40% of patients, is considered to be a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and BA. The present study was aimed at investigating the possible association of
hyper-tHcy with BA in a population of patients with epilepsy.
Reproductive dysfunction in epilepsy is attributed to the seizures themselves and also to antiepileptic drugs
(AEDs), which affect steroid production, binding, and metabolism. In turn, neuroactive steroids may influence neuronal excitability.
To facilitate an integrated and rational approach to the care of women with epilepsy of childbearing potential, a group of experts appointed by Italian scientific societies in the fields of
epileptology, neonatology, pediatrics, neuropediatrics, child neuropsychiatry, obstetrics, and gynecology held a joint meeting in Santa Trada di
Cannitello, Reggio Calabria, Italy, on October 15-16, 2004, with the aim of reaching consensus on the optimal management of these women.
With the development of intensive care, the survival of extremely
low-birthweight (ELBW) infants (<1,000 g) has greatly improved. The aim of our study was to report the incidence of epilepsy after a follow-up of >7 years in a population of ELBW children, born in central and southern Sardinia between 1991 and 2000.
Journal of Neurosurgery January 2009 Volume 110, Number 1
The authors introduce a novel technique of intraparenchymal brain tumor resection using a rod lens endoscope and parallel instrumentation via a transparent conduit.
Neurology Published online before print December 24, 2008, doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000340980.19702.6e
Idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a potential preclinical marker for the development of neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Parkinson disease (PD) and Lewy body dementia. However, the long-term risk of developing neurodegeneration in patients with idiopathic RBD has not been established.
In the midbrain of patients with Parkinson disease (PD), there is a selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the ventrolateral and caudal substantia nigra
(SN). In a mouse model of PD, investigators have administered 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
(MPTP) and found that measures derived using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were correlated with the number of dopamine neurons lost following intoxication.
Rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) may serve as a useful indicator to approach Parkinson's disease (PD); however, PD patients do not always exhibit
RBD.
Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) is used to detect changes in the distribution of water molecules in regions affected by various pathologies. Like other conditions, ictal epileptic activity, such as status epilepticus (SE), can cause regional
vasogenic/cytotoxic edema that reflects hemodynamic and metabolic changes.
To examine whether antiplatelet medication use at onset of intracerebral hemorrhage
(ICH) is associated with hemorrhage growth and outcome after spontaneous ICH using a large, prospectively collected database from a recent clinical trial.
Internal Medicine Journal, Volume 38, Number 12, December 2008 , pp. 918-920(3)
We studied the relationship of arterial stiffness, measured by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity and inflammation, measured by serum erythrocyte sedimentation rate among 334 ischaemic stroke patients.
Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics January 2009 Volume 3, Number 1
This 15-year-old boy with a tentorial cavernous angioma reported occasional headache and scintillation in his left visual field. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a well-demarcated, homogeneously enhanced tumor originating from the right cerebellar tentorium and extending into both the supratentorial and infratentorial spaces.
Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics January 2009 Volume 3, Number 1
In this study, the authors investigated the clinical efficacy of decompressive craniectomy treatments for nontraumatic intracranial hypertension in children.
Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Volume 14, Number 2 / Fall 2008 - Nontraumatic Spinal Cord Injury and Disease 53-62
Neural tube defects are the most common congenital malformation of the central nervous system. The primary focus of this article will be to discuss their epidemiology, etiology, manifestations, complications, management, and prevention.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Publication Frequency: 6 issues per year
The objective of this study was to analyse clinical and genetic features of patients with sporadic ALS in south-west China. All patients diagnosed with adult-onset sporadic ALS were consecutively followed up, and their clinical characteristics were collected.
Neurosurgical Focus January 2009 Volume 26, Number 1
Cervical dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) are a rare cause of intracranial subarachnoid hemorrhage
(SAH) but should be considered when other sources are not found. Subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by dAVF is thought to occur as a result of venous hypertension in most cases.
Neurosurgical Focus January 2009 Volume 26, Number 1
Although nontraumatic spinal arteriovenous malformations and fistulas (AVMs and
AVFs) restricted to the epidural space are rare, they can lead to significant neurological morbidity.
Neurosurgical Focus January 2009 Volume 26, Number 1
Spinal cord vascular malformations are rare, fascinating lesions. In this paper, the authors' goal was to demonstrate how these lesions, more specifically spinal cord arteriovenous malformations and dural arteriovenous fistulas, are assessed, classified, and managed at their institution.
Journal of Neurosurgery January 2009 Volume 110, Number 1
Clinical approaches to the surgical management of optic chiasm compression stress quick action, as several case series have demonstrated minimal vision restoration following aggressive decompression in patients presenting more than 3 days after the onset of blindness.
Journal of Neurosurgery January 2009 Volume 110, Number 1
In this retrospective review, the authors examine the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and outcome of surgery in 25 consecutive patients with mesial basal temporal lobe
(MBTL) tumors. A limited access approach to the inferior temporal gyrus
(ITG) was used.
Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics January 2009 Volume 3, Number 1
Vagal nerve stimulators (VNSs) have been used successfully to treat medically refractory epilepsy. Although their efficacy is well established, appropriate management of infections is less clearly defined. In the authors' experience, patients who have gained a benefit from VNS implantation have been reluctant to have the device removed.
Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics January 2009 Volume 3, Number 1
The object of the present study was 3-fold: 1) to study regional cerebral perfusion before and after endoscopic third ventriculostomy
(ETV) in patients with obstructive hydrocephalus by using 99mTc ethyl cysteinate dimer
SPECT: 2) to study any correlation between clinically successful third ventriculostomy and CSF flow across the third
ventriculostomy; and 3) to determine any changes in hormone profile following
ETV.
International Journal of Clinical Practice Published Online: 5 Jan 2009
In clinical practice, hyponatraemia was frequently found in patients with hydrocephalus. We conducted this study to determine the prevalence and risk factors for hyponatraemia in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus
(NPH).
Future Neurology, Volume 4, Number 1, January 2009 , pp. 13-21(9)
Clazosentan (Ro 61-1790, VML-588 or AXV-034) is a synthetic endothelin (ET)-receptor antagonist that was derived from one of the first nonselective synthetic ET-receptor antagonists,
bosentan.
We have previously demonstrated that the transcription of neuronal repressor element-1/neuron-restrictive silencer element
(RE1/NRSE)-regulated genes is reduced in the brain of subjects with Huntington's disease (HD) as a result of increased binding of the repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor/neuron-restrictive silencer factor
(REST/NRSF) to its RE1/NRSE targets.
Transplantation of stem cells is a potential therapeutic strategy for stroke damage. The survival, migration, and differentiation of transplanted human embryonic neural stem cells in the acute post-ischemic environment were characterized and endogenous nestin expression after transplantation was investigated.
We analyzed the methylation status of the O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter using a
methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) in glioblastoma patients treated with 1-(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosourea
(ACNU) plus cisplatin followed by radiation therapy.
It has been reported that widespread multisystem degeneration can occur in patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
(SALS) who have survived for long periods with artificial respiratory support
(ARS).
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis First Published on: 08 January 2009
Despite the beneficial effects of minocycline seen in animal models of ALS, initial clinical trials of minocycline in ALS patients failed to support its expected therapeutic usefulness. Here we discuss new results from recent preclinical studies of the molecular neuronal effects of minocycline pertinent for better understanding of the therapeutic potential of this antibiotic.
Kinetic modeling using reference Logan is commonly used to analyze data obtained from dynamic Positron Emission Tomography (PET) studies on patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and healthy volunteers
(HVs) using amyloid imaging agent N-methyl[11C]2-(4'-methylaminophenyl)-6-hydroxy-benzothiazole, [11C]-PIB. The aim of the present study was to explore whether results obtained using the newly introduced method, Masked Volume Wise Principal Component Analysis,
MVW-PCA, were similar to the results obtained using reference Logan.
Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases Volume 3, Number 4 / 2008 271-273
Sandfly fever (SF) viruses are known to spread in the Mideteranean basin and some species were shown to cause different forms of encephalitis. This case report describes an 8-year-old girl who was admitted to a rural hospital in Egypt with fever and
myalgia.
Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics January 2009 Volume 3, Number 1
Arachnoid cysts are congenital CSF collections that arise adjacent to arachnoid cisterns. These lesions can be incidental neuroimaging findings but may also cause symptoms and necessitate treatment, particularly in children.
Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics January 2009 Volume 3, Number 1
Papillary glioneuronal tumors are a newly recognized type of brain neoplasm characterized by prominent pseudopapillary structures and glioneuronal elements. All prior cases have shown that these tumors have an indolent course.
Proper diagnosis of mild inflicted traumatic brain injury (ITBI) is difficult; children often present without a history of trauma and with nonspecific symptoms, such as vomiting.
White matter injury (WMI) is the characteristic pattern of brain injury detected on magnetic resonance imaging in the premature newborn. Focal noncystic WMI is increasingly recognized in populations of term newborns.
American Academy of Pediatrics consensus statement recommendations are to consider strongly for infants 6 to 12 months of age with a first simple febrile seizure and to consider for children 12 to 18 months of age with a first simple febrile seizure lumbar puncture for cerebrospinal fluid analysis.
Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Volume 13, Number 3 / Winter 2008 - Perspectives on Ethical Issues and Dilemmas 95-107
Pain following spinal cord injury (SCI) has been well described in the literature, with specific treatments emerging in recent years for the different subtypes of pain. Treatment of pain and the concomitant reduction of suffering are ethical imperatives for treating staff.
Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Volume 13, Number 4 / Spring 2008 - Contemporary Perspectives of Upper Limb Management 24-36
Surgically restoring hand and upper extremity function in people with tetraplegia is well established with a long, reliable history. Individuals, properly selected and counseled, are consistently pleased with the improvements they gain in terms of both independence and meaningful activities of daily living.
Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Volume 13, Number 3 / Winter 2008 - Perspectives on Ethical Issues and Dilemmas 45-52
Advance care directives are rarely used by people with chronic spinal cord injury, but they could be used more often to protect not only against unwanted treatments but to ensure that desired treatment occurs, particularly as there may be differing perceptions regarding quality of life between the patient and those providing acute care.
Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Volume 13, Number 3 / Winter 2008 - Perspectives on Ethical Issues and Dilemmas 70-81
Spinal cord injury or disease often presents their sufferers with difficult physical challenges as well as existential challenges that go to the very core of their being.
The radiosurgical treatment of vestibular schwannomas in patients with neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is controversial. The authors investigated the radiologically proven tumor control rate after gamma knife
radiosurgery. The factors that affect tumor control and serviceable hearing preservation were analyzed.
Journal of Neurosurgery January 2009 Volume 110, Number 1
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia Type II (HIT II) is a serious complication that occurs in 0.2-3% of patients treated with heparin and is associated with a high risk of thrombotic events. One center recently reported an incidence of HIT II of 15% in a population of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
(aSAH).
Journal of Neurosurgery January 2009 Volume 110, Number 1
Eagle syndrome is an uncommon entity but is well known in the otorhinolaryngology and oral surgery literature. This syndrome results from the compression of cranial nerves in the neck by an elongated styloid process causing unilateral cervical and facial pain.
Journal of Neurosurgery January 2009 Volume 110, Number 1
Obstructive hydrocephalus due to giant basilar artery (BA) aneurysm is a rare finding, and endoscopic treatment has not been reported. Here the authors present their experience with endoscopic third ventriculostomy
(ETV) in obstructive hydrocephalus due to giant BA aneurysm.
Journal of Neurosurgery January 2009 Volume 110, Number 1
The authors describe the clinical course of a 50-year-old woman who presented with life-threatening cardiac dysfunction after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (Fisher Grade 4). The pathophysiology of cardiac injury in this setting is not fully understood, but excess sympathetic activation can lead to neurogenic stressed myocardium.
Journal of Neurosurgery January 2009 Volume 110, Number 1
Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) of the anterior cranial fossa are rare lesions that can cause intracranial hemorrhage. Authors of previous reports mostly have described open surgical treatment for this fistula type.
Journal of Neurosurgery January 2009 Volume 110, Number 1
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is used as a hemostatic agent in many neurosurgery centers. The authors used a 3% H2O2 solution for final hemostasis after removal of a left insular tumor.
Journal of Neurosurgery January 2009 Volume 110, Number 1
A MicroNester coil (MNC) was developed from the Nester coil with a 0.018-in
microcatheter. The most specific feature of the MNC is the extended length of 14 cm.
Journal of Neurosurgery January 2009 Volume 110, Number 1
The extracellular Mg++ has a vasodilatory effect on the cerebral artery. The present study investigated the effect of intracisternal injection of MgSO4 solution on cerebral vasospasm in a canine model of subarachnoid hemorrhage
(SAH).
Journal of Neurosurgery January 2009 Volume 110, Number 1
Endovascular treatment of acute thromboembolic stroke is a rapidly developing field that appears to hold great promise. Young patients may be particularly suited to benefit from endovascular acute stroke therapy.
Journal of Neurosurgery January 2009 Volume 110, Number 1
Endoscopic surgery has been reported to be more cost-effective and safer than open craniotomy for resection of colloid cysts, despite a 5-10% conversion rate to craniotomy, a 5% recurrence rate, a 5-10% ventricular shunting rate, a 5-10% epilepsy rate, and a 3-4 day hospital stay.
Journal of Neurosurgery January 2009 Volume 110, Number 1
The goal of this study was to establish a biomathematical model to accurately predict the probability of aneurysm rupture. Biomathematical models incorporate various physical and dynamic phenomena that provide insight into why certain aneurysms grow or rupture.
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are prevalent cerebral vascular lesions involving aberrant angiogenesis. However, the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Phosphatase and tension homolog deleted on chromosome 10
(PTEN), a tumor suppressor, is frequently deficient in various pathologies due to mutation or epigenetic alterations. PTEN promoter hypermethylation is a major epigenetic silencing mechanism leading to activation of angiogenesis in tumors.
Journal of Neurosurgery January 2009 Volume 110, Number 1
The development of self-expanding stents dedicated to intracranial use has significantly widened the applicability of endovascular therapy to many intracranial aneurysms that would otherwise have been untreatable by endovascular techniques.
Journal of Neurosurgery January 2009 Volume 110, Number 1
Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) with pure leptomeningeal drainage may be cured by simple interruption of their venous side. This report illustrates the cases of 3 patients undergoing surgery for fistulas classified as Borden Type III, involving the posterior cranial
fossa.
Journal of Neurosurgery January 2009 Volume 110, Number 1
The authors report the management and outcomes of 55 patients with 60 intracranial aneurysms arising distal to the major branch points of the circle of Willis and vertebrobasilar system.
Journal of Neurosurgery January 2009 Volume 110, Number 1
For anterior communicating artery (ACoA) aneurysms, endovascular coil embolization constitutes a safe alternative therapeutic procedure to microsurgical clip occlusion.
Journal of Neurosurgery January 2009 Volume 110, Number 1
The goal of this study was to assess the accuracy of the routine clinical use of transcranial Doppler
(TCD) ultrasonography and SPECT in predicting angiographically demonstrated vasospasm.
Journal of Neurosurgery January 2009 Volume 110, Number 1
The calcium antagonist nimodipine has been shown to reduce the incidence of ischemic complications following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
(SAH). Although most randomized studies have been focused on the effect of the peroral administration of
nimodipine, intravenous infusion is an alternative and the preferred mode of treatment in many centers.
Journal of Neurosurgery January 2009 Volume 110, Number 1
Traumatic injuries of the posterior communicating artery are distinctly rare. We report an unusual case of traumatic tear of the posterior communicating artery with fistulous communication to the adjacent, retroclival venous plexus.
Acta Neurologica Scandinavica Published Online: 31 Dec 2008
The study analyzes feasibility and time-delays in Magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI) based thrombolysis and estimate the impact of MRI on individual tissue plasminogen activator
(rtPA) treatment.
Acta Neurologica Scandinavica Published Online: 30 Dec 2008
To explore efficacy and tolerability outcomes of topiramate (TPM) in patients with epilepsy transitioning from valproic acid
(VPA) because of insufficient efficacy and/or tolerability onto
TPM.
Acta Neurologica Scandinavica Published Online: 30 Dec 2008
Hereditary spastic paraparesis (HSP) is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by progressive bilateral lower limb spasticity. Functional imaging studies in patients with corticospinal tract involvement have shown reorganization of motor circuitry. Our study investigates functional changes in sensorimotor brain areas in patients with
HSP.
Isolated lateral sinus thrombosis was long considered a complication of middle ear disease. Little attention has been recently paid to this variety of thrombosis.
No controlled, randomized trial has investigated whether intravenous, intra-arterial
(IAT), or mechanical thrombolysis is beneficial in children with ischemic stroke.
Although plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) levels are associated with cardiovascular disease, it remains unclear whether homocysteine is a cause or a marker of atherosclerotic vascular disease.
The Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale (CPSS) is recommended for emergency medical services use in identifying patients with stroke. Data evaluating its performance in the field are limited. We assessed the impact of training and use of the CPSS on the accuracy of paramedics' stroke patient identification and on-scene time.
Journal of Neurosurgery January 2009 Volume 110, Number 1
Metastatic sarcoma to the brain is rare and represents a therapeutic challenge due to its relative resistance to radio- and chemotherapy. Resection has traditionally been the mainstay of treatment.
Most of the neuropathological studies in brain aging were based on the assumption of a symmetrical right-left hemisphere distribution of both Alzheimer disease and vascular pathology.
Journal of Neurosurgery January 2009 Volume 110, Number 1
Patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage treated using external ventricular drainage due to obstructive hydrocephalus commonly remain shunt-dependent. Based on identified risk factors for external ventricular drain
(EVD) challenge failure, the authors sought to determine the likelihood that a patient will require a permanent shunt.
Impaired baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) has been previously shown to be of prognostic value in patients with cardiovascular disease and stroke. Because baroreflex seems to be blunted by both carotid atherosclerosis and by lesions affecting central processing, controversy exists regarding the etiology of stroke-related baroreflex changes.
Extracranial atherosclerosis, proximal to the carotid bifurcation and V3 segment of the vertebral artery, is considered to be an infrequent condition with a benign prognosis. However, its prevalence may be underestimated due to lack of data.
Body system impairments following stroke have a complex relationship with functional activities. Although gait and balance deficits are well-documented in people after stroke, the overlapping influence of body impairments makes it difficult to prioritize interventions.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis First Published on: 05 January 2009
The objective of this study was to analyse clinical and genetic features of patients with sporadic ALS in south-west China. All patients diagnosed with adult-onset sporadic ALS were consecutively followed up, and their clinical characteristics were collected.
To examine the validity of the Color Trails Test (CTT), a culture- fair analogue of the Trails Test, in the pre-driver assessment of individuals with acquired brain injury
(ABI).
The aim of this study was to explore the factors associated with aggression in the traumatic brain injury population. The focus of the study was to evaluate the (a) frequency and severity of aggressive behaviours in outpatients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), (b) ecological validity of the Ruff Neurobehavioral Inventory
(RNBI) Anger scale, and (c) comorbid and pre-morbid factors associated with aggression in patients with
TBIs.
To investigate the inter-rater reliability of the Modified Tardieu Scale (MTS) in the measurement of elbow flexor muscle spasticity in patients with adult
hemiplegia.
To explore differences in rate of recovery and functional outcome in case-matched patients with traumatic (TBI) vs non-traumatic brain injury (non-TBI) during inpatient rehabilitation and 1 year post-insult.
This study was carried out to investigate the behavioural effects of sub-chronic and chronic head-only exposure to 900 MHz GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) in male rats.
To investigate the within-session reliability and test-re-test reliability of hand-held dynamometry
(HHD) to quantify strength in hip flexors, quadriceps, plantarflexors and triceps brachii following traumatic brain injury (TBI).
Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology, Volume 3, Issue 6 November 2008 , pages 332 - 338
The dysarthric speech characteristics of 14 Thai stroke patients were assessed by Computerized Articulation Test program 1. Each speaker had been tested for speech correctness of all Thai phonemes.
Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology, Volume 3, Issue 6 November 2008 , pages 339 - 343
To assess the mechanical behaviour at interface for unilateral transtibial amputees during walking when the prosthesis is misaligned, since studies examining interface pressure between residual limb and prosthetic socket have been restricted to unsupported stance and natural gait.
Geschwind described a syndrome (Geschwind syndrome, GS) in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, characterized by sexual behavioural disorders, hyper-religiosity, hypergraphia and viscosity.
Medical Oncology Volume 11, Numbers 3-4 / September, 1994 89-100
A review of stage IV-S neuroblastoma is provided. The possible uses of prognostic features to guide treatment options in this group of infants with neuroblastoma are suggested.
Journal of Neuro-Oncology 0167-594X (Print) 10.1007/s11060-008-9739-6
The present study aims to assess the feasibility and the effectiveness of a second-line Fotemustine chemotherapy in patients with recurrent Glioblastoma after standard primary treatment. Between 2005 and 2007, 50 patients with relapsed malignant glioma (median age = 56.8 years; median KPS = 90) underwent a second-line chemotherapy with
Fotemustine.
PKC isoforms were downregulated with siRNA or modulated with activators and inhibitors. Migration was analyzed with scratch and transwell assays. Protein phosphorylation and expression levels were measured with Western blot.
We treated glioma cell lines, LN-229 and SW1088, and melanoma cell lines, A375 and WM35, with two endothelin receptor type B
(ETRB)-specific antagonists, A-192621 and BQ788, and quantified viable cells by the capacity of their intracellular esterases to convert non-fluorescent calcein AM into green-fluorescent
calcein.
Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol 26, No 34 (December 1), 2008: pp. 5610-5617
Cilengitide, an inhibitor of {alpha}vβ3 and {alpha}vβ5 integrin receptors, demonstrated minimal toxicity and durable activity across a wide range of doses administered to adults with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme
(GBM) in a prior phase I study. The current multicenter phase II study was conducted to evaluate the activity and safety of cilengitide in GBM patients at first recurrence.
Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol 26, No 36 (December 20), 2008: pp. 5957-5964
Few reliable prognostic molecular markers have been characterized for glioblastoma multiforme
(GBM), considered the deadliest of human cancers. We hypothesized that genetic polymorphisms in chemokines and their receptors, which together control microglial cell mobilization, may influence survival.
Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol 26, No 34 (December 1), 2008: pp. 5603-5609
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) amplification in glioblastoma multiforme
(GBM) is a common occurrence and is associated with treatment resistance.
Erlotinib, a selective EGFR inhibitor, was combined with temozolomide
(TMZ) and radiotherapy (RT) in a phase I/II trial.
American Journal of Epidemiology, doi:10.1093/aje/kwn334
Seizures are often found in children with fetal alcohol syndrome, but it is not known whether binge drinking during pregnancy by nonalcoholic women is associated with an increased risk of seizure disorders in children.
The role of electromechanical and robot-assisted training for improving arm function after stroke is unclear. More than two-thirds of all patients after stroke have difficulties with reduced arm function. Electromechanical and robot-assisted arm training uses specialised machines to assist rehabilitation in practice. This review identified 11 trials, which included 328 participants, that evaluated this type of therapy.
The Journal of Infectious Diseases 2009;199:263-271
In patients with cerebral malaria (CM), retinal angiography allows the study of infected central nervous system microvasculature in vivo. We aimed to examine retinal perfusion in children with CM by use of fluorescein angiography to investigate the pathophysiology of CM.
American Journal of Kidney Diseases Received 30 April 2008; accepted 29 August 2008. published online 15 December 2008
The associations between decreased kidney function and cardiovascular disease recently have been established. However, there is uncertainty about the consistency between the independent associations of proteinuria as a risk factor across all cardiovascular end points. We undertook a meta-analysis of published cohort studies to provide a reliable estimate of the strength of association between proteinuria and risk of stroke.
To investigate the role of the professional conduct review program that is operated by the American Association of Neurological Surgeons
(AANS). The program adjudicates complaints against AANS members for their work as expert witnesses in medical malpractice litigation.
The purpose of this study was to describe the natural history, identify risk factors, and determine outcomes for the development of postoperative delirium in the elderly.
PEDIATRICS Vol. 123 No. 1 January 2009, pp. 199-206
Traumatic brain injury has a substantial impact on caregivers. This study describes the burden experienced by caregivers of children with traumatic brain injury and examines the relationship between child functioning and family burden during the first year after injury.
Recessively inherited mutations in ATP13A2 result in Kufor-Rakeb syndrome (KRS), whereas genetic variability and elevated ATP13A2 expression have been implicated in Parkinson disease (PD). Given this background, ATP13A2 was comprehensively assessed to support or refute its contribution to PD.
Persistent seizures and failure to regain consciousness following witnessed seizure activity require emergency neurological consultation. Although outcome is largely dependent on underlying cause, early maximal anticonvulsant therapy is critical to reducing morbidity.
The majority of patients who die in intensive care units (ICUs), do so as a result of the withdrawal of life-sustaining treatments or as a result of brain death.
Infections of the central nervous system are a frequent cause for admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). These infections can be the reason for presentation to a hospital or a complication of an injury or surgical procedure.
The management of severe brain injury requires a comprehensive approach in which imaging is an indispensable complement to the clinical and physiological information acquired at the bedside.
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for 10 to 15% of all strokes, but results in a disproportionately high morbidity and mortality. Although chronic hypertension accounts for the majority of
ICH, other common causes include cerebral amyloid angiopathy, sympathomimetic drugs of abuse, and underlying cerebral vascular anomalies.
A thorough evaluation of patients with neurological diseases undergoing surgery can reduce perioperative morbidity and mortality, especially stroke. Various neurological disorders and neurosurgical procedures may influence the nature and extent of preoperative evaluation, selection and conduct of anesthesia, and perioperative management and care.
Severe sympathetic overactivity occurs in several conditions that are recognized as medical emergencies. Following central nervous system injury, a small proportion of individuals develop severe paroxysmal sympathetic and motor
overactivity.
The optimum provision of pharmacological sedation of the critically ill neurological patient requires defining the underlying etiology of agitation or need for sedation to determine the optimal agent: pain management,
anxiolysis, or treatment of delirium.
Neurological injury resulting from cardiac surgery has a range of manifestations from focal neurological deficit to encephalopathy or coma. As the safety of drug-eluting stents comes into question, more patients will likely undergo coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
Intracranial hypertension implies profoundly disturbed intracranial physiology. Although a shared manifestation of myriad neurological disorders of patients admitted in the intensive care unit (ICU), the pathways leading to intracranial hypertension vary by etiology.
To present the scientific contributions of Georges Marinesco (1863-1938) and place his achievements within the context of early neuropathology research.
Smoking and family history of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) are independent risk factors for
aSAH. Using a population-based case-control study of hemorrhagic stroke, we hypothesized that having both a first-degree relative with a brain aneurysm or SAH
(+FH) and current smoking interact to increase the risk of
aSAH.
Activated microglia may play a role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD) as they cluster around
beta-amyloid (Aβ) plaques. They are, therefore, a potential therapeutic target in both AD and its prodrome amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
Inconsistent changes of cognitive functioning have been reported in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) with deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus
(STN). To investigate the underlying pathomechanisms, we correlated alterations of cognitive test performance and changes of neuronal energy metabolism in frontal basal ganglia projection areas under bilateral STN stimulation.
Objective evaluation of neurology resident clinical skills is required by the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology and is important to insure improvement in clinical competency throughout their residency.
Neurologic hallmarks of Fabry disease (FD) include small fiber neuropathy as well as cerebral micro- and macroangiopathy with premature stroke. Cranial MRI shows progressive white matter lesions
(WML) at an early age, increased signal intensity in the
pulvinar, and tortuosity and dilatation of the larger vessels.
When the delusional misidentification syndromes reduplicative paramnesia and Capgras syndromes result from neurologic disease, lesions are usually bifrontal and/or right hemispheric. The related disorders of confabulation and anosognosis share overlapping mechanisms and anatomic pathology.
Primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) is a rare neurodegenerative disease that affects the upper motor neurons of the CNS. Juvenile-onset PLS
(JPLS) is inherited in an autosomal recessive mode and is also found in sporadic cases.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with complicated pathogenesis that poses challenges with respect to diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression.
Neurology India Year : 2008 Volume : 56 Issue : 4 Page : 415-419
Resuscitation of head injured patients at the accident site is paramount in minimizing morbidity and mortality. This can be achieved through prehospital care which is nonexistent in our country. This review is a step forward, so that we can formulate guidelines in this regard.
Neurology India Year : 2008 Volume : 56 Issue : 4 Page : 399-404
Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Thrombolytic therapy with tissue plasminogen activator, the only approved treatment for
AIS, is received by less than 2% of patients.
A brain abscess (BA) as an ensconced pocket of pus is no more no less than an abscess on the toe or the torso. It begs to be drained along the Hiltonean maxim: wherever there is pus, let it out . It is BA's deep and 'dangerous' location that needs diagnostic and operative wizardry comprising
THEOS-SLAM-AAAA.
Neurology India Year : 2008 Volume : 56 Issue : 4 Page : 474-476
Subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation is an established surgical treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD). Though the motor benefits of STN stimulation are well understood, its cognitive and behavioral effects are still not fully understood.
Neurology India Year : 2008 Volume : 56 Issue : 4 Page : 456-462
The involvement of various growth factors, growth factor receptors and proliferative markers in the molecular pathogenesis of astrocytic neoplasms are being studied extensively. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor
(EGFR) gene overexpression occurs in nearly 50% of cases of
glioblastoma.
Neurology India Year : 2008 Volume : 56 Issue : 4 Page : 463-470
The study aimed at correlation of post-stroke dysphagia with area and volume of infarct/ bleed, and with subsequent in-hospital respiratory morbidity and mortality.
Neurology India Year : 2008 Volume : 56 Issue : 4 Page : 426-432
Two widely used evaluation tools for the quality of life are the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) and World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment (100-item version) (WHOQOL-100), however, these tools have not been compared for patients with stroke to date.
Neurology India Year : 2008 Volume : 56 Issue : 4 Page : 405-414
New cerebral monitoring techniques allow direct measurement of brain oxygenation and metabolism. Investigation using these new tools has provided additional insight into the understanding of the pathophysiology of acute brain injury and suggested new ways to guide management of secondary brain injury.
Hypertension is one of the most distinguishing factors of endogenous Cushing's disease and is present in approximately 80% of adult patients and in almost half of the children and adolescents with this disease.
The Lancet, Volume 373, Issue 9657, Page 94, 3 January 2009
In June, 2004, a girl was delivered by caesarean section, at 38 weeks, after the placenta became detached. When she was 2 months old, the girl was brought to hospital with generalised
tonic-clonic seizures, tremors in arms and legs, hypotonia, and inconsolable crying.
NeuroRehabilitation Volume 23, Number 6 / 2008 467-475
Research suggests that the occurrence of a traumatic brain injury (TBI) in childhood may disrupt self-regulation abilities, putting children at risk for difficulty on everyday tasks requiring self-regulation throughout their development.
NeuroRehabilitation Volume 23, Number 6 / 2008 477-486
Long-term follow-up studies of children conducted during the K-12 school years suggest that problems associated with TBI tend to persist or worsen as children progress through school.
NeuroRehabilitation Volume 23, Number 6 / 2008 487-499
It is often recommended that individuals with memory and organizational problems after a traumatic brain injury (TBI) use some type of memory device such as a paper calendar. Recently the use of electronic devices has been suggested.
NeuroRehabilitation Volume 23, Number 6 / 2008 501-509
In everyday adolescent communication, the ability to empathise with the mental state of others, recognise or infer intentions, or make judgements about emotional state, is a non-conscious but vital prerequisite of relating.
NeuroRehabilitation Volume 23, Number 6 / 2008 511-520
For many with traumatic brain injury (TBI), going to college is a realistic goal; however there is little documentation of the challenges faced by those with TBI who attend college.
NeuroRehabilitation Volume 23, Number 6 / 2008 521-528
Approximately 1.4 million Americans sustain a traumatic brain injury (TBI) each year with approximately two-thirds of these injuries affecting people between the ages of 15 and 24 years. Consequently, many adults with brain injury sustain their injuries during a time when they are making important decisions regarding future vocational activities, including return to school.
NeuroRehabilitation Volume 23, Number 6 / 2008 529-536
The purpose of this study was to determine if race/ethnicity may influence performance of college students on the Behavioral Assessment of Dysexecutive Syndrome
(BADS) and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), two different tests of executive function
(EF).
NeuroRehabilitation Volume 23, Number 6 / 2008 457-466
In the field of pediatric neurorehabilitation, there is a dearth of well-defined models of care for children with brain injuries and research to support them. Literature reviews of both adult and pediatric studies suggest that programs involving a comprehensive and holistic approach to care may be particularly effective in addressing the issues faced by individuals recovering from acquired brain injury.
Bioelectric source analysis in the human brain from scalp electroencephalography (EEG) signals is sensitive to geometry and conductivity properties of the different head tissues.
Recent neurophysiological studies have associated focal-task specific dystonia (FTSD) with impaired inhibitory function. However, it remains unknown whether FTSD also affects the inhibition
(INH) of long-term overlearned motor programs.
After minor head injury (MHI) postconcussive symptoms (PCS) such as memory and attention deficits frequently occur. It has been hypothesised that PCS are caused by microstructural damage to the brain due to shearing injury, which is not detectable with conventional imaging, and may be responsible for a functional deficit.
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