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Journal of Neurosurgery January 2008 Volume 108, Number 1
Individuals who develop a unilateral vestibular schwannoma (VS) and other neurogenic tumors are at high risk of having the inherited condition neurofibromatosis Type 2 (NF2). The risk of bilateral disease and transmission risk to offspring are important in surgical planning and counseling. The authors have attempted to resolve these risks.
Particularly interesting new cysteine-histidine-rich protein (PINCH), as a LIM domain adapter protein, functions in the integrin and growth factor signal transduction pathway, and is upregulated in tumor-associated stroma in several types of cancers.
Journal of Neurosurgery January 2008 Volume 108, Number 1
Increasing PaO2 can increase brain tissue PO2 (PbtO2). Nevertheless, the small increase in arterial O2 content induced by hyperoxia does not increase O2 delivery much, especially when cerebral blood flow (CBF) is low, and the effectiveness of hyperoxia as a therapeutic intervention remains controversial.
The impact of bone marrow (BM) GD2-positive cells on survival has been evaluated in 145 Italian children with localised neuroblastoma (NB) evaluated at diagnosis by anti-GD2 immunocytochemistry.
Journal of Neurosurgery January 2008 Volume 108, Number 1
Previous studies have demonstrated that periods of low brain tissue oxygen tension (PbtO2) are associated with poor outcome after head trauma but have primarily focused on cerebral and hemodynamic factors as causes of low PbtO2.
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) can impair interictal cognitive function. In the perceptual domain, previous psychophysical studies demonstrated specific deficits in auditory and tactile perception in patients with TLE.
We prospectively explored psychosocial outcomes in children (7-18 years) 2 years after epilepsy surgery. This study built on our previous one that examined these children 1 year after surgery.
Journal of Neurosurgery January 2008 Volume 108, Number 1
The goal of this study was to demonstrate the posttraumatic neurochemical damage in normal-appearing brain and to assess mitochondrial dysfunction by measuring N-acetylaspartate (NAA) levels in patients with severe head injuries, using proton (1H) magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy.
Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care. 64(1):46-52, January 2008
Elevation of serum troponin (cTnI) after nontraumatic cerebral insult has been associated with an adverse prognosis. This association has not been well documented in traumatic brain injury (TBI).
This study was a preliminary examination of structural aspects of identity, particularly identity associated with living situation, in individuals who have quadriplegia due to cerebral palsy.
Disability is conceptualized as behaviour by psychological theory and as a result of bodily impairment by medical models. However, how people with disabilities conceptualize those disabilities is unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine disability representations in people with mobility disabilities.
The purpose of this paper is to introduce the Life Thread Model, which incorporates established psychological and social theory related to identity change following an acquired disability. It is supported by a growing body of empirical evidence and can be used to broaden our understanding of service provision in rehabilitation.
Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol 26, No 2 (January 10), 2008: pp. 279-282
Molecular and clinical observations suggest a role of sex steroid hormones in the occurrence of meningioma. However, there is limited and often conflicting data on the use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) as a possible risk factor for meningioma.
Perilipin is encoded by the gene PLIN and mediates lipid metabolism. Its upregulation has been linked to the formation of foam cells, rupture of atherosclerotic plaques, and perhaps acute coronary syndrome. We hypothesized that genetic variations in PLIN might contribute to the susceptibility to stroke. The hypothesis was tested in 2 case-control studies.
American Journal of Surgical Pathology. 32(1):103-112, January 2008
Sox2 is a key transcription factor that maintains the proliferation of neuroglial stem cells and inhibits neuronal fate commitment. Moreover, it was recently found that brain tumors contain stem cells that resemble normal neuroglial stem cells in many respects.
Journal of Renal Nutrition January 2008 Volume 18 Number 1
Treatment of human brain disease with erythropoietin (EPO) in order to achieve neuroprotection and/or neuroregeneration represents a totally new frontier in translational neuroscience. Rather than specifically targeting the cause of a particular disease entity, EPO nonspecifically influences components of the "final common pathway" that determine disease severity and progression in a number of entirely different brain diseases.
The recently published Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels (SPARCL) study showed that statins exert a marginally beneficial effect on stroke prevention in patients with a history of cerebrovascular disease.
Previous studies have reported a low, 1% to 3%, rate of detection of occult atrial fibrillation (AF) with Holter monitor in patients with acute stroke. Furthermore, at least one study has reported that Holter monitoring could not always corroborate initial electrocardiographic (ECG) detection of AF suggesting underestimation of AF by Holter. We compare the detection of new-onset AF by serial ECG assessments and Holter after acute ischemic stroke.
The Brain Injury Survivor's Guide is a new website and a companion book created by a TBI survivor and her spouse. A great and practical web resource with tools that you can use.
Very early rehabilitation, with an emphasis on mobilization, may contribute to improved outcomes after stroke. We hypothesized that a very early rehabilitation protocol would be safe and feasible.
We have previously demonstrated that it is common for alerting stimuli to induce electrographic seizures and other periodic or rhythmic patterns in the critically ill; however, only 1 of the first 33 patients we reported with this phenomenon had a detectable clinical correlate.
Posturography in patients with stroke is widely based on the use of a single force platform and the weightbearing asymmetry quantified from the lateral shift of the center of pressure toward the sound leg. Because the percentage of body weight on each side is a more concrete variable, the present study analyzed the possibility of inferring percentage of body weight from center of pressure.
Microembolic signals (MESs) are detectable within the transcranial Doppler frequency spectrum downstream from vascular atherothrombotic or cardiothrombotic lesions. A frequent occurrence of MESs has also been shown during bypass surgery or after mechanical valve implantation.
Journal of Neurosurgery January 2008 Volume 108, Number 1
Decompressive craniectomy is an advanced treatment option for intracranial pressure (ICP) control in patients with traumatic brain injury. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of decompressive craniectomy on ICP and cerebrospinal compensation both within and beyond the first 24 hours of craniectomy.
PHACES syndrome is a neurocutaneous disorder of unknown etiology. We studied the spectrum of associated congenital and progressive cerebral vascular anomalies.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible frontal cognitive dysfunction in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) and to compare the results with those of patients with frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) and temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), as well as with controls.
Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 33(1):32-33, January 2008
A 43-year-old man with a history of lung cancer, brain metastasis, and gamma knife radiosurgery underwent FDG PET/CT to differentiate recurrence from radiation necrosis.
Journal of Neurosurgery January 2008 Volume 108, Number 1
Ventilatory resuscitation with 100% O2 after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) raises concerns about the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
Journal of Neurosurgery January 2008 Volume 108, Number 1
Although subdural electrodes are routinely used to map regional brain function, it is unknown if the presence of these implants hinders local cortical function. The authors used psychophysical methods to measure the effect of uncomplicated electrode implantation on local cortical function.
Two studies in this issue of Neuron (Kwon and Castillo and Rebola et al.) show that the mossy fiber-CA3 pyramidal neuron synapse, a hippocampal synapse well known for its presynaptic plasticity, exhibits a novel form of long-term potentiation of NMDAR-mediated currents, which is induced and expressed postsynaptically.
Huntington's disease (HD) is a dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by expansion of a translated CAG repeat in the N terminus of the huntingtin (htt) protein.
Two groups of participants, one susceptible to posthypnotic amnesia (PHA) and the other not, viewed a movie. A week later, they underwent hypnosis in the fMRI scanner and received a suggestion to forget the movie details after hypnosis until receiving a reversal cue.
The mossy fiber to CA3 pyramidal cell synapse (mf-CA3) provides a major source of excitation to the hippocampus. Thus far, these glutamatergic synapses are well recognized for showing a presynaptic, NMDA receptor-independent form of LTP that is expressed as a long-lasting increase of transmitter release.
Sensory processing in the brain is thought to have evolved to encode naturally occurring stimuli efficiently. We report an adaptation in binocular cortical neurons that reflects the tight constraints imposed by the geometry of 3D vision.
A number of contraversies and debates have arisen over the years surrounding the dual diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Many of these have centred around the around the degree of protection provided by TBI against developing the disorder.
This review aimed to identify main findings and critically evaluate literature that considered sibling outcomes following paediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) sustained by a brother or sister.
The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of personal digital assistants (PDAs) as cognitive aids in a sample of individuals with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).
To determine which basic and functional status characteristics of patients with a moderate or severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) are associated with discharge destination.
This study evaluated the hypothesis that neural networks derangement in patients with a vegetative state (VS) may cause an alteration of heart rate (HR) non-linear pattern.
Research suggest that post-concussive syndrome after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is more common than chronic cognitive impairment. The aim of this study was to investigate very long-term outcome of subjective complaints after paediatric mTBI.
To test the usefulness of a method to improve the measurement of prevalent mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) among injured workers with a workers compensation claim.
To find an easy-to-use, valid and reliable tool for evaluating the level of functional dependence of an individual with brain damage who seeks a diagnosis of his/her functional dependence in daily activities.
To adapt the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test (RBMT) for the Turkish adult population and to test its reliability and validity among acquired brain injury patients.
To compare the everyday communication of individuals with mild and moderate dysarthria and concomitant cognitive-communication impairments following traumatic brain injury (TBI).
The Brain Injury Survivor's Guide is a new website and a companion book created by a TBI survivor and her spouse. A great and practical web resource with tools that you can use.
Case reports of the use of zolpidem in Permanent Vegetative States (PVS) have led to interest by the media and court judgements defining treatment with such drugs. It is uncertain whether this paradoxical effect of zolpidem in raising consciousness may be evident in other low awareness states such as Minimally Conscious State (MCS).
Epilepsy Research Volume 78, Issue 1, Pages 82-91 (January 2008)
Intracranial EEG in patients with lesional lateral temporal lobe epilepsy is rarely reported. Therefore, the number of patients with seizures arising independently from ipsilateral mesial structures or contralateral hemisphere has not been clarified.
Epilepsy Research Volume 78, Issue 1, Pages 71-76 (January 2008)
Bone mineral density (BMD) is reduced in epilepsy and may underlie the observed increased fracture rate. Non-ambulatory patients have reduced BMD, although, it is not clear if normally weight bearing ambulatory patients are similarly vulnerable.
Epilepsy Research Volume 78, Issue 1, Pages 60-70 (January 2008)
Multiple lines of investigations have explored the role of cyclooxygenases (COX) in epilepsy and related neuropsychiatric disorders. Cyclooxygenase particularly, COX-2 expression was found to increase in brain during seizure paradigms.
Epilepsy Research Volume 78, Issue 1, Pages 50-59 (January 2008)
Increases in hippocampal extracellular neurotransmitter levels have consistently been observed during temporal lobe seizures in humans, but animal studies on this subject have yielded conflicting results.
Epilepsy Research Volume 78, Issue 1, Pages 33-39 (January 2008)
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether sensitivity to flurothyl seizures after an acute methamphetamine (MA) administration is different in prenatally MA-exposed adult rats than in controls without prenatal drug exposure.
Epilepsy Research Volume 78, Issue 1, Pages 22-32 (January 2008)
The neurotransmitter glutamate plays a pivotal role in the development of the neuropathological sequelae following acute seizures. Our previous data proved the efficacy of the NMDA-receptor antagonists on the symptoms, survival and neuronal activation in the 4-aminopyridine- (4-AP) induced seizures.
Epilepsy research Volume 78, Issue 1, Pages 1-6 (January 2008)
Epilepsia partialis continua (EPC) is characterized by continuous myoclonic or clonic jerks repeated at short intervals followed by a slowly progressive neurological disorder. We report three patients with EPC and a defect in the mitochondrial respiratory chain.
Our aim was to ascertain what effect access to personal care package (PCP) has on the labour market activities of people who have a spinal cord injury (SCI).
To review the work performed on conditions and disorders that predispose persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) to an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD).
The TT genotype of a functional factor XII (FXII) C46T gene polymorphism was shown to be a risk factor for peripheral venous thrombosis. We tested whether this genetic variant also increases the risk for cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT).
While age-adjusted stroke mortality in the United States has declined consistently during the last century, trends in stroke incidence and hospitalization are less known. This study examines trends in stroke hospitalization from 1988 to 2004.
The modulating factors on phenotypic expression of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) remain still unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether tau genetic variability modulates the brain functional and the clinical phenotypic expression of FTLD.
Clinical Cancer Research 14, 318-325, January 1, 2008
The study aims to use mathematical modeling and simulation to assess the relative contribution of topotecan systemic exposure and scheduling in the activity and myelosuppression of topotecan in pediatric patients with neuroblastoma.
Journal of Neurosurgery December 2007 Volume 107, Number 6
At many institutions digital subtraction angiography remains the standard imaging procedure for the postoperative evaluation of patients following placement of a cerebral aneurysm clip largely because of the artifacts produced by the clip on computed tomography (CT). The authors evaluated the effect of various imaging parameters on the quality of 3D reconstructions from CT scans while imaging a phantom to optimize the CT angiograms.
Journal of Neurosurgery January 2008 Volume 108, Number 1
In patients who develop fulminant cerebral edema and elevated intracranial pressures, viral encephalitis can result in devastating neurological and cognitive sequelae despite antiviral therapy. The benefits of decompressive craniectomy, if any, in this group of patients are unclear.
Journal of Neurosurgery December 2007 Volume 107, Number 6
The authors previously demonstrated that acute pravastatin therapy in patients after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) ameliorates vasospasm-related delayed ischemic neurological deficits. The object of this study was to continue to examine potential mechanisms of these beneficial effects.
Journal of Neurosurgery January 2008 Volume 108, Number 1
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results following Gamma Knife thalamotomy (GKT) for medically refractory essential tremor in a series of patients in whom open surgical techniques were not desirable.
Journal of Neurosurgery December 2007 Volume 107, Number 6
Middle cerebral artery infarction often occurs at a younger age than other strokes and is associated with significant rates of mortality and morbidity. After a period of pessimism regarding decompressive hemicraniectomy in the management of acute stroke, the method has reemerged in the past decade. The present study was undertaken to assess the immediate and long-term outcome of this intervention and to help better define the selection criteria for surgery.
Tension pneumocephalus is an unusual, potentially life-threatening complication of frontal fossa tumors. We present an uncommon case of a frontoethmoidal osteoma causing a tension pneumocephalus and neurological deterioration prompting a combined endonasal ethmoidectomy and bifrontal craniotomy with craniofacial approach for resection.
High hepatic extraction drugs-such as phenacetin, methylprednisolone, and cyclosporine-exhibit an increased bioavailability after acute spinal cord injury (SCI) due to an impaired clearance.
Journal of Neurosurgery January 2008 Volume 108, Number 1
Transtentorial brain herniation is a major cause of morbidity and death following severe closed head injury. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of selective uncoparahippocampectomy and tentorial splitting as an adjuvant method of treating otherwise uncontrollable elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) while attempting to prevent or minimize the devastating consequences caused by transtentorial herniation.
Child's Nervous System, Volume 23, Number 11, November 2007 , pp. 1269-1274(6)
Little information is available on the performance and maturity of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) in children and adolescents during active head motion as encountered during normal locomotion. We investigated the active VOR performance in children and adolescents to determine its norm and variation with age.
Child's Nervous System, Volume 23, Number 11, November 2007 , pp. 1251-1261(11)
The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the rigid application of a sterile protocol for shunt placement was applicable on a routine basis and allowed the reduction of shunt infections (SI) in children.
Steroid actions on brain tissue have been implicated in processes such as blood pressure regulation and neurodegeneration, including the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). mRNAs from all of the genes required for de novo synthesis from cholesterol of aldosterone and corticosterone (equivalent to cortisol in humans) have been identified in rat brain, together with abundant steroid hormone receptors, but the situation in human brain requires clarification.
Clinical Cancer Research 14, 199-208, January 1, 2008
We investigated the expression of interleukin-13 receptor 2 (IL-13R2), EphA2, and Fos-related antigen 1 (Fra-1) in astrocytomas and normal brain. We sought to document whether the expression of the three factors changed with progression to higher grade malignancy and whether two or three targets in combination might be sufficient to target all patients with high-grade astrocytomas.
Child's Nervous System, Volume 23, Number 11, November 2007 , pp. 1301-1307(7)
This study sought to characterize epileptic phenotypes in children with nonspecific mitochondrial disease (MD) and to evaluate MD diagnostic approaches.
Child's Nervous System, Volume 23, Number 11, November 2007 , pp. 1275-1283(9)
Despite much interest in positional (deformational) plagiocephaly, the natural history is unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine cosmetic and developmental outcomes at a minimum of 5 years of age in children diagnosed in infancy with positional plagiocephaly (PP) and the impact of cranial orthotic use.
Child's Nervous System, Volume 23, Number 11, November 2007 , pp. 1313-1317(5)
Current multislice computed tomography (CT) technology can be used for diagnosis and surgical planning applying computer-assisted three-dimensional (3D) visualization and surgical simulation. The usefulness of a technique for surgical simulation of frontoorbital advancement is demonstrated here in a child with metopic synostosis.
Child's Nervous System, Volume 23, Number 11, November 2007 , pp. 1233-1238(6)
Extradural arachnoid cysts in the spine are uncommon causes of spinal cord compression in the pediatric population that are thought to arise from congenital defects in the dura mater.
The Journal of Infectious Diseases 2008;197:163-171
Hematogenous Candida meningoencephalitis (HCME) is a relatively frequent manifestation of disseminated candidiasis in neonates and is associated with significant mortality and neurodevelopmental abnormalities.
Langerhans cell histiocytosis frequently manifests as lesions of the skull. The disease can present with a wide spectrum of forms, from an isolated eosinophilic granuloma to multiple lesions with diffuse systemic involvement.
Traumatic microbleeds (TMBs) can be regarded as a radiological marker of diffuse axonal injury (DAI). We sought to investigate the impact of the field strengths on the depiction of TMBs by T2*-weighted gradient echo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Journal of Neurosurgery December 2007 Volume 107, Number 6
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term efficacy of microvascular decompression (MVD) and to identify the factors affecting outcome in patients treated for primary trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Only the cases with a clear-cut neurovascular conflict (vascular contact and/or compression of the root entry zone of the trigeminal nerve) found at surgery and treated with "pure" MVD (decompression of the root without any additional lesioning or cutting of the adjacent rootlets) were retained.
Clinical Cancer Research 14, 123-129, January 1, 2008
The CD133 antigen has been identified as a putative stem cell marker in normal and malignant brain tissues. In gliomas, it is used to enrich a subpopulation of highly tumorigenic cancer cells.
PEDIATRICS Vol. 121 No. 1 January 2008, pp. 148-156
Our hypothesis was that infants with perinatal brain injury fail to thrive in the first postnatal year because of increased energy and protein requirements from deficits that accumulated during neonatal intensive care. Our aim was to assess whether dietary energy and protein input was a rate-limiting factor in brain and body growth in the first year after birth.
Even though adiponectin is associated with many traditional cardiovascular risk factors, studies assessing the association between adiponectin and cerebrovascular disease (CVD) are scarce. We assessed the odds of CVD at different plasma levels of adiponectin.
Journal of Neurosurgery December 2007 Volume 107, Number 6
The goal in this study was to create an index (vasospasm probability index [VPI]) to improve diagnostic accuracy for vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).
Journal of Neurosurgery December 2007 Volume 107, Number 6
Identifying ischemic lesions after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is important because the appearance of these lesions on follow-up imaging correlates with a poor outcome. The effect of ischemic lesions seen on computed tomography (CT) scans during the first days of treatment remains unknown, however.
It is unclear whether intraarterial (IAT) or intravenous (IVT) thrombolysis is more effective for ischemic stroke with hyperdense middle cerebral artery sign (HMCAS) on computed tomography (CT). The aim of this study was to compare IAT and IVT in stroke patients with HMCAS.
To assess cognitive outcome at early school age in term-born children with middle cerebral arterial (MCA) territory infarction of perinatal onset and examine the correlation between cognitive abilities and the extent of lesions as seen on neonatal MRI, epilepsy, and hemiplegia.
Neuroimaging after a first unprovoked seizure may show significant abnormalities. In our study, 32% of all children with a first apparent unprovoked seizure had an abnormal CT scan result. Most of these were ring-enhancing lesions of cysticercal or tubercular origin.
Clinical and Experimental Nephrology, Volume 11, Number 3, September 2007 , pp. 230-234(5)
A 66-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of vomiting and appetite loss. For the 2 days prior to admission, she had a cold, which had developed into acute viral bronchitis on admission.
Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) is an important cause of secondary brain injury, and ICP monitoring has become an established component of brain monitoring after traumatic brain injury.
To prospectively investigate which cerebrovascular risk factors are related to regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), as measured noninvasively with arterial spin-labeling (ASL) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, in a large group of patients with symptomatic atherosclerotic disease.
Diagnostic delay in distinguishing psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) from epileptic seizures may result in unnecessary therapeutic interventions and higher health care costs.
Child's Nervous System, Volume 23, Number 11, November 2007 , pp. 1309-1312(4)
Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is approved for use in patients with refractory epilepsy over the age of 12 years. While this procedure is widely used, there is little data on adverse events in young children.
Molecular Cancer Research 5, 1232-1240, December 1, 2007
Glioblastomas, the most malignant of all brain tumors, are characterized by cellular resistance to apoptosis and a highly invasive growth pattern. These factors contribute to the poor response of glioblastomas to radiochemotherapy and prevent their complete neurosurgical resection.
Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 33(1):55-57, January 2008
Nuclear scintigraphy has been used in patients with brain death since the 1970s. Many studies report a "hot nose" sign as predictive of brain death and lack of cerebral flow.
To prospectively evaluate diffusion indexes of the corticospinal tract (CST), corpus callosum (CC), optic radiation (OR), and cingulum in patients with neuromyelitis optica (NMO) without visible lesions in the brain.
Identifying marathon runners at risk of neurological deterioration at the end of the race (within a large cohort complaining of exhaustion, dehydration, nausea, headache, dizziness, etc.) is challenging. Here we report a case of rehydration-related hyponatraemia with ensuing brain herniation.
European Journal of Pediatrics, Volume 166, Number 11, November 2007 , pp. 1163-1168(6)
Hypopituitarism has been increasingly recognised following traumatic brain injury. We report four children involved in motor vehicle accidents who had traumatic brain injury-mediated hypopituitarism.
Journal of Neurosurgery January 2008 Volume 108, Number 1
Beginning-of-dose motor deterioration (BDMD) is a complication of levodopa medications in Parkinson disease (PD) that is presumably caused by inhibitory effects of levodopa. Only limited experience of BDMD has been described in the literature. The authors report the case of a patient with PD who demonstrated a marked BDMD while being treated with standard levodopa medications.
Journal of Neurosurgery January 2008 Volume 108, Number 1
Control of intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) is the foundation of traumatic brain injury (TBI) management. In this study, the authors examined whether conventional ICP- and CPP-guided neurocritical care ensures adequate brain tissue O2 in the first 6 hours after resuscitation.
Few data exist on the relationship between differential subpopulations of peripheral leukocytes and early cerebral infarct size in ischemic stroke. Using diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWI), we assessed the relationship of early total and differential peripheral leukocyte counts and volume of ischemic tissue in acute stroke.
Predicting outcome after pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) is important for providing information to families and prescribing rehabilitation services.
New England Journal of Medicine Volume 358:18-27 January 3, 2008 Number 1
Language sites in the cortex of the brain vary among patients. Language mapping while the patient is awake is an intraoperative technique designed to minimize language deficits associated with brain-tumor resection.
Journal of Neurosurgery January 2008 Volume 108, Number 1
Death receptor targeting is an attractive approach in experimental treatment for tumors such as malignant gliomas, which are resistant to radiation and chemotherapy. Among the family of cytokines referred to as death ligands, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has attracted clinical interest. The aim of this study was to assess whether TRAIL can be used as an adjuvant to temozolomide (TMZ) for apoptosis induction in malignant glioma cell lines.
Journal of Neurosurgery January 2008 Volume 108, Number 1
An important factor in making a recommendation for treatment of a patient with arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is to estimate the risk of surgery for that patient. A simple, broadly applicable grading system that is designed to predict the risk of morbidity and mortality attending the operative treatment of specific AVM's is proposed.
The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of a number of neurological signs in a large population of patients with vascular dementia (VaD) and to compare the relative frequency of specific neurological signs dependent on type of cerebrovascular disease.
In stroke attributable to spontaneous dissection of the internal carotid artery (sICAD), arterial patency may influence the pattern and extent of cerebral ischemia.
A previously healthy 49-year-old woman was admitted with dysarthria, right facio-brachial paresis, and hypesthesia. Brain CT and MRI showed left frontal opercular infarction.
A 26-year-old right-handed man presented to the emergency department with a scalp laceration following a fall while walking on an icy sidewalk. He was intoxicated at the time and was witnessed by a friend to lose his footing, falling backward. There was brief loss of consciousness, lasting less than a minute. The patient himself had amnesia for the fall and for his transportation by ambulance. In the emergency department he had a headache, nausea, and "fuzzy" vision when looking to the left.
To quantify the response to treatment with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) as a function of the past treatment history and identify additional prognostic factors for predicting the response to newly administered AED treatments.
The pathology causing progressive aphasia is typically a variant of frontotemporal lobar degeneration, especially with ubiquitin-positive inclusions (FTLD-U). Less commonly the underlying pathology is Alzheimer disease (AD).
The long-term prognosis of patients with vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia (VBD) is unknown. The purpose of this study was to explore the natural history of VBD, evaluate its progression, and examine factors that may influence the clinical course of this condition.
Although stroke and APOE 4 are independent risk factors for dementia, their combined effect remains uncertain. We assessed their joint effect on dementia risk.
Alpha Synuclein gene (SNCA) multiplication was found in familial Parkinson disease (PD). We examined SNCA multiplication in patients with familial and sporadic PD and multiple system atrophy (MSA).
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