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International Journal of Stroke Volume 4 Issue 1, Pages 28 - 37
The development of specialized stroke units has been a landmark innovation in acute stroke care. However, the high scientific evidence level for the recommendation for stroke units to provide clinical attention for acute stroke patients does not correspond to the level of stroke unit implementation.
Dietary fat intake is associated with coronary heart disease risk, but the relationship between fat intake and ischemic stroke risk remains unclear. We hypothesized that total dietary fat as part of a Western diet is associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke.
We investigate the clinical outcome from stimulation of the mamillothalamic tract in two patients with intractable epilepsy secondary to hypothalamic
hamartomas. One patient has a left-sided and the other a right-sided tumor.
This multicenter, parallel-group study had an 8-week, single-blind, placebo baseline phase, after which patients were randomized to placebo (n = 102) or once-daily ESL 400 mg (n = 100), 800 mg (n = 98), or 1,200 mg (n = 102) in the double-blind treatment phase. ESL starting dose was 400 mg; thereafter, ESL was titrated at weekly 400-mg steps to the full maintenance dose (12 weeks).
British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, Volume 67, Number 2, February 2009 , pp. 228-233(6)
Anticholinergic antiparkinson drugs are used to ameliorate extrapyramidal symptoms caused by either Parkinson's disease or antipsychotic drugs, but their use in the treatment of Parkinson's disease is assumed to be in decline.
European Radiology 0938-7994 (Print) 10.1007/s00330-009-1347-0
In contrast-enhanced (CE) MR myelography, hyperintense signal outside the intrathecal space in T1-weighted sequences with spectral presaturation inversion recovery
(SPIR) is usually considered to be due to CSF leakage.
The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of carotid stenosis among patients presenting to the University Hospital of West Indies
(UHWI) Accident and Emergency Department (A&E) with an ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA).
Prior stroke confers an increased risk of future cardiovascular events. Because the incremental economic impact of this added risk is unknown, we assessed the additional cardiovascular costs and hospitalizations associated with ischemic stroke.
Women have increased lifetime stroke risk and more disabling strokes compared with men. Insights into the association between menopause and stroke could lead to new prevention strategies for women.
Thrombolytic therapy with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is rarely applied to ischemic stroke patients aged 80 years and above. As future demographic trends will increase the proportion of older stroke patients, the overall tPA treatment rate may decrease.
Traditional epidemiological studies do not allow elucidating the reality of referral and diagnosis patterns of dementia in routine clinical practice within a defined territory.
In a murine model of stroke, we identified a population of very small embryonic-like
(VSEL) stem cells (SCs) in adult murine bone marrow that could be mobilized into peripheral blood
(PB). This raised the question of whether a similar population of cells is mobilized in human stroke patients.
Each year, there are an estimated 12 000 individuals who sustain a spinal cord injury (SCI) in the United States. Improved understanding of the pathophysiology of SCI and its sequelae has over the past 50 years led to the development of medical treatments (especially urologic) that have enhanced short- and long-term survival from these injuries
Before Phase III trials of acute stroke therapies, proof-of-concept MRI trials are increasingly used to gauge the likelihood of success. Given that animal models use infarct volume as the end point, Phase II trials have aimed to translate the findings using infarct growth.
In the discussion on the value of population-wide screening for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis (ACAS), reliable prevalence estimates are crucial.
People with Parkinson's disease are twice as likely to be recurrent fallers compared to other older people. As these falls have devastating consequences, there is an urgent need to identify and test innovative interventions with the potential to reduce falls in people with Parkinson's disease.
Cerebellar infarctions constitute a significant proportion of ischemic strokes and carry a substantial morbidity and mortality mainly because of swelling in the posterior
fossa. No specific acute therapy is established, and patients are usually excluded from intravenous thrombolysis
(IVT).
Neurocritical Care 1541-6933 (Print) 10.1007/s12028-009-9201-4
The objectives of this study are to determine the incidence of symptomatic venous thromboembolism
(VTE) in neurosurgery intensive care unit (NSICU) patients with spontaneous or traumatic intracranial hemorrhage and to identify the common VTE risk factors by injury type.
The safety, efficacy, and morbidity of radiosurgery (RS) must be established before it can be offered as an alternative to open surgery for unilateral mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. We report the 3-year outcomes of a
multicenter, prospective pilot study of RS.
CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics Published Online: 26 Feb 2009
Epilepsy is a major health problem. Several studies suggest a significant influence of epilepsy and its treatment on dynamic and functional properties of brain activity. Epilepsy can adversely affect mental development, cognition, and behavior.
Arterial stiffening and thickening and endothelial dysfunction may be associated with cognitive decline or white matter hyperintensities
(WMH) independently of blood pressure level.
Very few studies have investigated the association between hearing loss and stroke. A recent article in Stroke reported an increased incidence of stroke among patients with sudden hearing loss over a 5-year follow-up period.
This review focuses on the emerging principles of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) management, emphasizing the natural history and treatment of intraventricular hemorrhage. The translational and clinical findings from recent randomized clinical trials are defined and discussed.
Whether recurrent epileptic seizures induce brain damage is debated. Disease progression in epilepsy has been evaluated only in a few community-based studies involving patients with seizures well controlled by medication.
We hypothesized that transcranial laser therapy (TLT) can use near-infrared laser technology to treat acute ischemic stroke. The NeuroThera Effectiveness and Safety Trial–2 (NEST-2) tested the safety and efficacy of TLT in acute ischemic stroke.
To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of adjunctive levetiracetam in very young children (aged 1 month to <4 years) with partial-onset seizures inadequately controlled with one or two antiepileptic drugs.
Understanding the underlying neural pathways that govern the highly complex neuromuscular action of swallowing is considered crucial in the process of correctly identifying and treating swallowing disorders.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 23, Issue 1 February 2009 , pages 5 - 13
Although MRI is a routine and invaluable tool in diagnosis and presurgical planning, the related technique of magnetic resonance spectroscopy
(MRS) is not often applied. MRS shows the chemical content of brain tissue and can therefore increase the specificity of diagnosis considerably.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 23, Issue 1 February 2009 , pages 14 - 22
Abstract
Image-guided neurosurgery is an important development in the management of brain
tumours. Intra-operative imaging is an extension of this modality. It is important because it compensates for brain shift, allows accurate navigation, and gives verification of what has been done surgically before the patient leaves the operating room.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 23, Issue 1 February 2009 , pages 23 - 29
A prospective, randomized, double-blind pilot study to compare the results of stereotactic unilateral pallidotomy and subthalamotomy in advanced idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) refractory to medical treatment was designed.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 23, Issue 1 February 2009 , pages 33 - 39
The aim of this study is to analyse short- and long-term results after surgical treatment of foramen magnum meningiomas and to identify the possible advantages of the posterior suboccipital approach over lateral and anterior approaches.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 23, Issue 1 February 2009 , pages 40 - 47
Intra-operative transit time flowmetry (ITTF) can be used to quantify blood flow in local at risk vessels before and after surgical intervention. As inadvertent vessel compromise represents a major cause of neurological deficit following neurovascular surgery, the purpose of this study was to assess this technology in terms of its indications, ease of implementation and interpretation, safety and reliability.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 23, Issue 1 February 2009 , pages 48 - 55
Intraoperative motor evoked potential (MEP) monitoring in patients with spinal and cranial lesions is thought to be a valuable tool for prevention of postoperative motor deficits. Aim of this study was to investigate its diagnostic value in a spinal and a cranial patient group. Ninety-six patients, 31 with spinal and 65 with intracranial lesions, were studied. Transcranial stimulation was performed with a high-frequency electrical train stimulation using two subdermal needle electrodes.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 23, Issue 1 February 2009 , pages 56 - 62
Abstract
Despite advances in understanding, monitoring, and treatment, the outcome of patients with refractory brain oedema
(RBE) remains poor. The concept of wide bone removal for treatment of RBE has been recognized since the nineteenth century.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 23, Issue 1 February 2009 , pages 63 - 70
To determine whether there are certain genetic markers which correlate with particular clinical characteristics of meningiomas including multiplicity, recurrence and calvarial erosion.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 23, Issue 1 February 2009 , pages 79 - 82
We describe a rare case of an unusually located gangliocytoma. The conventional magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI) appearance was suggestive of an olfactory groove
meningioma. However, advanced MRI sequences (diffusion-weighted
imaging-DWI; perfusion MRI; susceptibility-weighted
imaging-SWI; MR spectroscopy-MRS) revealed features more consistent with a glial neoplasm.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 23, Issue 1 February 2009 , pages 86 - 89
Abstract
Intracranial intraparenchymal Schwannomas are very rare. Twenty-eight cases of frontal intraparenchymal Schwannomas have been reported so far. These generally present with seizures, raised intracranial pressure, nasal stuffiness and
epistaxis.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 23, Issue 1 February 2009 , pages 104 - 105
This edition of the British Journal of Neurosurgery's picture quiz provides a series of questions to test the practising neurosurgeon and neurosurgeon in training on
syringomyelia, Chiari malformations, and the associated anatomy and fluid dynamics.
International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, Volume 11, Issue 2 April 2009 , pages 147 - 154
This paper, drawn from a study into experiences of treatment termination in chronic aphasia, discusses why communication, between speech-language pathologists and clients with aphasia, breaks down so frequently during discharge negotiations.
Neurosurgical Focus February 2009 Volume 26, Number 2
Compression neuropathies are highly prevalent, debilitating conditions with variable functional recovery following surgical decompression. Due to the limited amount of human nerve tissue available for analysis, a number of animal models have been created to help investigators understand the molecular and cellular pathogenesis of chronic nerve compression
(CNC) injury.
Journal of Neuroendocrinology, Volume 21, Number 3, March 2009 , pp. 217-226(10)
Besides their well-known genomic actions, oestrogens also exert effects through the activation of receptors associated with the plasma membrane that are too fast to be mediated by transcriptional activation
(nongenomic effects).
A majority of patients with formerly drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy become seizure-free after surgery. However, apart from one 12-month randomized trial, it is unclear how many become seizure-free because of surgery.
Child: Care, Health and Development Published Online: 23 Feb 2009
Little is known about the influence of contextual factors such as health services characteristics on health-related quality of life
(HRQL) for children with a neurological condition. To address this gap, we conducted an exploratory study of the relationship between
family-centred care (FCC) and HRQL outcomes in children from neurosciences clinics in a large acute care hospital.
Child: Care, Health and Development Published Online: 23 Feb 2009
Mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) is a leading cause of injury for children during their pre-school years. However, there is little information regarding the long-term outcomes of these injuries.
Since the inception of global gene expression profiling platforms in the mid-1990s, there has been a significant increase in publications of differentially expressed genes in the process of
epileptogenesis.
Journal of Neuro-Oncology 0167-594X (Print) 10.1007/s11060-009-9807-6
The purpose of our study was to determine the statistical significance of thresholds of relative cerebral blood volume
(rCBV), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and ADC ratios in grading cerebral
gliomas.
Data on the association between coffee consumption and risk of stroke are sparse. We assessed the association between coffee consumption and the risk of stroke over 24 years of follow-up in women.
Journal of Child Neurology 2009, doi:10.1177/0883073808331353
Based on case history and clinical and electrophysiological examinations, the authors report on a case of an 8-year-old girl who was diagnosed with chronic inflammatory demyelinating
polyradiculoneuropathy.
Studies on the effects of sodium valproate (VPA) on thyroid hormone balance in patients with epilepsy are conflicting. The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the changes in thyroid profile in children with epilepsy treated with VPA
monotherapy.
Current Vascular Pharmacology, Volume 7, Number 2, April 2009 , pp. 185-197(13)
The 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathway is responsible for the production of leukotrienes
(LTs), inflammatory lipid mediators which play a role in innate immunity.
It is our premise that the pathophysiology of small vessel disease in the brain is similar to small vessel disease in other heavily perfused tissues and that the presence of small vessel disease elsewhere in the body foretells its presence in the brain as well as its consequences on cognitive function.
Endovascular treatment of carotid stenosis may be an alternative to surgical
endarterectomy. We conducted a systematic review of the randomized evidence to assess the benefits and risks of endovascular treatment compared to surgery.
This study investigated and compared the responsiveness and validity of the
Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), the Action Research Arm Test
(ARAT), and the Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) for patients after stroke rehabilitation.
We sought to determine the predictive value of magnetic resonance imaging measures of vascular disease (white matter hyperintensities
[WMHs], lacunes, microbleeds, and infarcts) compared with atrophy on the progression of mild cognitive impairment to dementia.
Factors influencing the electroencephalography (EEG) features of absence seizures in newly presenting children with idiopathic generalized epilepsy
(IGE) have not been rigorously studied.
To examine the reliability of an observational movement assessment in infants and children with spinal cord injury (SCI) by evaluating interrater agreement of joint actions assessed in the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury using the Active Movement Scale testing technique and scoring criteria.
International Journal of Stroke Volume 4 Issue 1, Pages 6 - 10
Background A previous hospital clinic-based study estimated that 3·5% of minor strokes are due to primary intracerebral
haemorrhage, but the confidence intervals were wide. Moreover this figure may be an underestimate in older patients, who are less likely to be referred to secondary care, and who may have higher rates of intracerebral
haemorrhage.
J. Nutr. (February 25, 2009). doi:10.3945/jn.108.102616
Medulloblastoma, the most common malignant brain tumor in children, is a highly metastatic disease, with up to 30% of children having evidence of disseminated disease at presentation.
Kinetic modeling using reference Logan is commonly used to analyze data obtained from dynamic Positron Emission Tomography (PET) studies on patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and healthy volunteers
(HVs) using amyloid imaging agent N-methyl [11C]2-(4'-methylaminophenyl)-6-hydroxy-benzothiazole, [11C]-PIB.
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly lethal brain tumor for which little treatment is available. The epidermal growth factor receptor
(EGFR) signaling pathway is thought to play a crucial role in GBM pathogenesis, initiating the early stages of tumor development, sustaining tumor growth, promoting infiltration, and mediating resistance to therapy.
The purpose of this study is to apply contrast-enhanced 3D fast-imaging employing steady-state acquisition (3D-FIESTA) imaging to the evaluation of cranial nerves
(CN) in patients with cavernous sinus tumors.
Acta Radiologica First Published on: 25 February 2009
Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is a recently developed imaging technique that can directly visualize and quantitatively measure tissue elasticity.
The occurrence of preeclampsia-eclampsia during pregnancy has been reported to increase the risk of stroke in mainly Western populations. However, few studies have evaluated stroke risk in Asian populations and followed women beyond the early postpartum period.
International Journal of Stroke Volume 4 Issue 1, Pages 11 - 16
To evaluate the effects of minimally invasive craniopuncture therapy compared with conservative treatment in treating intracerebral hemorrhage (25-40 ml) in the basal ganglion.
Child's Nervous System 0256-7040 (Print) 10.1007/s00381-009-0830-x
Chiari I malformation has been traditionally considered a congenital malformation. However, there is growing clinical evidence suggesting that it is an acquired phenomenon as also exemplified by this case.
Child's Nervous System 0256-7040 (Print) 10.1007/s00381-009-0836-4
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PS) infection is serious in children and can cause malignant external
otitis, endophthalmitis, endocarditis, meningitis, pneumonia, and septicemia (Huang et al. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1).
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis First Published on: 25 February 2009
Our objective was to characterize the structural and metabolic changes of the corticospinal tract (CST) in ALS patients using combined diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging
(MRSI).
Patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) are at increased risk for stroke, cardiovascular events, and death, yet little is known about whether these risks differ for men and women.
Some studies report that women are less likely to receive IV rt-PA treatment for stroke than men. We undertook a meta-analysis to determine whether a sex disparity existed.
Deposition of amyloid-{beta} (AZ{beta}) in vessel walls of the brain as cerebral amyloid angiopathy
(CAA) could be a major factor in the pathogenesis of dementia.
Neurosurgery: March 2009 - Volume 64 - Issue 3 - p onsE195-onsE196
Epilepsia partialis continua (EPC) is a form of status epilepticus that is characterized by continuous simple partial seizures and can occur as a manifestation of a variety of underlying pathological processes.
Neurosurgery: March 2009 - Volume 64 - Issue 3 - p ons177-ons186
The objective of this study was to confirm the efficacy of spatially filtered magnetoencephalography for the preoperative localization of primary motor cortex in pediatric patients with focal lesions in the region of the sensorimotor cortex.
Neurosurgery: March 2009 - Volume 64 - Issue 3 - p ons170-ons176
During image-guided neurosurgery, if the surgeon is not fully orientated to the surgical position, he or she will briefly shift attention toward the visualization interface of an image guidance station, receiving only momentary point-in-space information.
Neurosurgery: March 2009 - Volume 64 - Issue 3 - p ons161-ons169
Deep brain stimulation of the posterior hypothalamic region (PHR) is an emerging technique for the treatment of medically intractable cluster headache. Few reports have analyzed single unit neuronal recordings in the human
PHR.
Neurosurgery: March 2009 - Volume 64 - Issue 3 - p ons113-ons121
The prognosis of giant aneurysms remains poor despite recent advances in
microneurosurgery. Thick-walled and partially calcified giant aneurysms with an atheromatic base are difficult to clip safely.
Neurosurgery: March 2009 - Volume 64 - Issue 3 - p ons107-ons112
Endovascular retrograde suction decompression with balloon occlusion of the internal carotid artery is a useful adjunct in the surgical treatment of ophthalmic aneurysms.
Neurosurgery:
March 2009 - Volume 64 - Issue 3 - p ons96-ons106
A high-speed power-drilling technique of anterior clinoidectomy has been advocated in all publications on paraclinoid region surgery. The entire shaft of the power drill is exposed in the operative field; thus, all neurovascular structures in proximity to any portion of the full length of the rotating drill bit are at risk for direct mechanical and/or thermal injury.
Neurosurgery: March 2009 - Volume 64 - Issue 3 - p ons86-ons95
Many symptomatic cavernous malformations deep in the anteroinferior basal ganglia are deemed to be inoperable and managed conservatively because
transcortical, transsylvian-transinsular, and transcallosal approaches are unsuitable.
Neurosurgery: March 2009 - Volume 64 - Issue 3 - p onsE84-onsE85
In meningioma surgery, the completeness of resection is of great importance with regard to prognosis and recurrence. This is more difficult in meningiomas en plaque and cranial base
meningiomas, which often involve the bone of the cranial base.
Neurosurgery: March 2009 - Volume 64 - Issue 3 - p ons44-ons52
Few quantitative data are available to describe Kawase's exposure of the posterior
fossa. We used a cadaveric model to compare Kawase's and the retrosigmoid approach to the petroclival region.
Neurosurgery: March 2009 - Volume 64 - Issue 3 - p ons53-ons61
The newly developed conjugate 5-aminofluorescein (AFL)-human serum albumin (HSA) was investigated in a clinical trial for fluorescence-guided surgery of malignant brain tumors to assess its efficacy and tolerability.
Neurosurgery: March 2009 - Volume 64 - Issue 3 - p ons35-ons43
Cortical and subcortical lesions in the posterior portion of the medial temporal region (MTR) are routinely resected through the supracerebellar transtentorial
(SCTT) or occipital transtentorial (OCTT) route.
Neurosurgery: March 2009 - Volume 64 - Issue 3 - p ons28-ons34
Dural replacements are used in cranial surgery when primary closure of native dura is not possible. The goal is to recreate a watertight barrier to prevent cerebrospinal fluid leakage with few associated complications.
Neurosurgery: March 2009 - Volume 64 - Issue 3 - p 540-545
Detailed investigations of cortical physiology require the ability to record brain electrical activity at a submillimeter scale. Standard intracranial electrodes result in significant averaging of potentials generated by large numbers of neurons.
Neurosurgery: March 2009 - Volume 64 - Issue 3 - p 494-502
An index of cerebrospinal compensatory reserve (RAP) has been introduced as a potential descriptor of neurological deterioration after head trauma. It is numerically computed as a linear correlation coefficient between the mean intracranial pressure and the pulse amplitude of the pressure waveform.
Neurosurgery: March 2009 - Volume 64 - Issue 3 - p 471-481
Integrating positron emission tomographic (PET) images into the image-guided resection of high-grade gliomas
(HGG) has shown that metabolic information on tumor heterogeneity and distribution are useful for planning surgery, improve tumor delineation, and provide a final target contour different from that obtained with magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI) alone in about 80% of the procedures.
Neurosurgery: March 2009 - Volume 64 - Issue 3 - p 455-462
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation of tumor origin can be detected in the serum/plasma of cancer patients. The aim of this study was to detect aberrant p16 promoter methylation as a potential diagnostic marker in the serum of patients with diffuse glioma to differentiate between gliomas and, particularly, to differentiate those in the brainstem from others; this was done by using the modified
methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction technique.
Neurosurgery: March 2009 - Volume 64 - Issue 3 - p 436-446
Risk predictors, spectrum of treatment eligibility, and range of expected outcomes have not been validated in consecutive series including all cases of intracerebral hemorrhage
(ICH) subjected to a prospective management protocol based on current guidelines.
Neurosurgery: March 2009 - Volume 64 - Issue 3 - p 430-435
Fenestration of the lamina terminalis (LT) is an alternative means of cerebrospinal fluid
(CSF) drainage during acute or emergency surgery of ruptured intracranial aneurysms in patients with high-grade subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Neurosurgery: March 2009 - Volume 64 - Issue 3 - p 423-429
It is hypothesized that cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
(SAH) is induced by free radicals released from a subarachnoid clot.
Neurosurgery: March 2009 - Volume 64 - Issue 3 - p 412-422
To assess the impact of surgical treatment of unruptured and ruptured middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms on cognitive functioning and health-related quality of life
(HRQOL).
Neurosurgery: March 2009 - Volume 64 - Issue 3 - p 397-411
AS OUTCOMES HAVE improved for patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, most mortality and morbidity that occur today are the result of severe diffuse brain injury in poor-grade patients.
The function of the corpus callosum (CC) is to distribute perceptual, motor, cognitive, learned, and voluntary information between the two hemispheres of the brain.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 23, Issue 1 February 2009 , pages 79 - 82
Abstract
We describe a rare case of an unusually located gangliocytoma. The conventional magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI) appearance was suggestive of an olfactory groove
meningioma.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 23, Issue 1 February 2009 , pages 48 - 55
Intraoperative motor evoked potential (MEP) monitoring in patients with spinal and cranial lesions is thought to be a valuable tool for prevention of postoperative motor deficits.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 23, Issue 1 February 2009 , pages 5 - 13
Although MRI is a routine and invaluable tool in diagnosis and presurgical planning, the related technique of magnetic resonance spectroscopy
(MRS) is not often applied.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 23, Issue 1 February 2009 , pages 33 - 39
The aim of this study is to analyse short- and long-term results after surgical treatment of foramen magnum meningiomas and to identify the possible advantages of the posterior suboccipital approach over lateral and anterior approaches.
British Journal of Cancer advance online publication 17 February 2009;
doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604933
New cancer therapies are being developed that trigger tumour apoptosis and an in vivo method of apoptotic detection and early treatment response would be of great value. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy
(MRS) can determine the tumour biochemical profile in vivo, and we have investigated whether a specific spectroscopic signature exists for apoptosis in human
astrocytomas.
Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2009, 17:6doi:10.1186/1757-7241-17-6
In three previous Norwegian studies conducted between 1974 and 1993, the annual incidence rates of hospital admitted head injuries were 236, 200 and 169 per 100,000 population.
We present a case with intractable partial complex seizures in a 14-year-old girl who was found to have brain heterotopia on MRI and PET-CT. The patient presented with intractable partial complex seizures and a normal electroencephalogram.
Epileptic Disorders. Volume 10, Number 4, 271-5, December 2008
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare disorder caused by prions that can affect any part of the central nervous system. It is characterized by a long incubation period, but once symptoms start there is a progressive neurological decline. Clinical features include dementia, ataxia and myoclonus (startle), among others.
Medical Hypotheses Received 21 November 2008; accepted 26 December 2008. published online 06 February 2009
In this paper the author proposes that at least some forms of sporadic ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) arise due to the effects of neurotoxic compounds synthesized by defective ependymal cells in the brain.
Epileptic Disorders. Volume 10, Number 4, 266-70, December 2008
Propagation of ictal epileptic discharges influences the clinical appearance of seizures. Fast propagation from the occipital to temporal lobe has been well described, but until now the reverse direction of spread has not been emphasized.
Epileptic Disorders. Volume 10, Number 4, 260-5, December 2008
Intracranial EEG documentation of seizure propagation from the occipital lobe to medial temporal structures is relatively rare. We retrospectively analyzed intracranial EEG recorded with electrodes implanted in the medial temporal lobe in patients who underwent occipital lobe surgery.
Child's Nervous System 0256-7040 (Print) 10.1007/s00381-009-0831-9
Transient cerebellar eye closure (TCES) is a rare complication of cerebellar tumor surgery in children. The pathogenesis of this problem remains unclear, and controversy exists regarding whether it is a purely psychogenic disorder or an organic syndrome.
Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, Volume 53, Number 3, March 2009 , pp. 289-298(10)
Induced mild hypothermia (32-34 °C) has proven to reduce ischemic brain injury and improve outcome after a cardiac arrest (CA). The aim of this investigation was to study the occurrence of increased intracranial pressure
(ICP) and neurochemical metabolic changes indicating cerebral ischemia, after CA and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), when induced hypothermia was applied.
Cerebral endothelial cells that line microvessels play an important role in maintaining blood flow homeostasis within the brain-forming part of the blood-brain barrier.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 23, Issue 1 February 2009 , pages 30 - 32
Guidelines for management of this rare condition are missing. Here we present a five-case series collected over 22 years. We suggest that where the two conditions coexist, the safest option is to insert an external ventricular drain prior to any definitive surgical intervention.
The pathogenesis of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) remains elusive. Most studies have focused on individual genes, or a few interrelated genes or products, at a time in human IA.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between occupational social class and stroke incidence and the extent to which classical, lifestyle, and psychosocial risk factors may explain such relationships.
Accurate identification and tailored management of patients with dysphagia is necessary to prevent complications when dysphagia is present and avoid implications of dietary restriction when unnecessary.
The SPARCL trial showed that atorvastatin 80 mg/d reduces the risk of stroke and other cardiovascular events in patients with recent stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). We tested the hypothesis that the benefit of treatment varies according to index event stroke subtype.
In acute stroke, Iron (Fe) may amplify reperfusion injury by catalyzing the conversion of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide into highly reactive radicals.
We report the F-18 FDG PET-CT appearance of recurrent gliosarcoma (GS) with extracranial extension in a 47-year-old man who underwent surgical resection of a right frontal GS 5 months earlier. F-18 FDG PET demonstrated moderate uptake in the recurrent disease.
Journal of Neurotrauma. ahead of print. doi:10.1089/neu.2008.0596
Perioperative cerebral ischemic insults are common in some surgical procedures. The notion that induced hypothermia can be employed to improve outcome in surgical patients has persisted for six decades.
This pilot study explores the influence of a single dose of fluoxetine (20 mg) on the muscle activation patterns and functional ability of the muscles in the lower part of the arm in chronic stroke patients.
Four to 10% of patients with Parkinson disease and chronically treated with levodopa undergo an addictionlike behavioral disturbance named dopamine dysregulation syndrome (DDS). This article suggests that patients with Parkinson disease could be especially prone to develop DDS due to the dopamine deficiency and the "priming" of neural networks by the chronic use of drugs with a short half-life, such as
levodopa.
The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology:Volume 30(1)March 2009pp 75-77
The Bexar County Medical Examiner's Office in San Antonio, Texas, has encountered 3 cases within a 15-month period involving decedents who were pronounced dead by brain death or cardiac death examination and who had elevated, if not toxic concentrations of pentobarbital present at the time of examination.
Epileptic Disorders. Volume 10, Number 4, 312-8, December 2008
Sturge-Weber syndrome is a rare, congenital, neurocutaneous disorder. It can be associated with a variety of symptoms including severe epilepsy. Patients often become symptomatic during childhood and the severity of the epilepsy correlates with the patient’s neurological outcome.
Epileptic Disorders. Volume 10, Number 4, 297-305, December 2008
The purpose of the study was to assess changes in cognitive functions and quality of life in patients with epilepsy over one year of treatment with levetiracetam (LEV) as add-on therapy.
Epileptic Disorders. Volume 10, Number 4, 319-24, December 2008
We report a patient with adolescent-onset, Rasmussen' encephalitis, presenting with intractable focal seizures, mild
hemiparesis, cognitive impairment, dystonia, and severe
hemiballism. His father had Behcet's disease, considered to be an autoimmune disorder.
Epileptic Disorders. Volume 10, Number 4, 306-11, December 2008
Epilepsia partialis continua (EPC) is a rare form of focal motor status
epilepticus. There is typically a predilection for facial and distal limb involvement, but rarely trunk or abdomen muscles may be affected.
Epileptic Disorders. Volume 10, Number 4, 276-81, December 2008
People with epilepsy have a higher risk of accidents and injuries when compared to others in the community. Seizure frequency and other characteristics of epilepsy and its treatment are known to influence this risk.
Epileptic Disorders. Volume 10, Number 4, 282-9, December 2008
The aim was to evaluate comprehensively the psychosocial impact of epilepsy in women between 15-40 years of age with epilepsy, compared to those with migraine and healthy, pregnant women. One hundred women with epilepsy, 50 with migraine and 100 healthy, pregnant women were enrolled over a two-year period.
Neurocritical Care 1541-6933 (Print) 10.1007/s12028-009-9198-8
The Prolyse in Acute Cerebral Thromboembolism II (PROACT II) trial showed improved outcomes in patients with proximal middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusions treated with intra-arterial (IA) thrombolysis within 6 h of stroke onset.
A 58-year-old man with advanced Parkinson disease underwent battery replacement for a deep brain stimulator and experienced severe bradykinesia and rigidity postoperatively for 36 hours. The patient was administered fentanyl as an anesthetic during the procedure and as an analgesic periodically during the day after surgery.
Elevated total homocysteine is associated with a higher risk of cerebrovascular disease. It is not known whether lowering homocysteine impacts on stroke risk, both in terms of severity and ischemic vs hemorrhagic stroke subtypes.
The prevalence of constipation after stroke varies from 30% to 60%. The incidence of new-onset constipation during the early stage of stroke remains uncertain. The present study was designed to investigate the prevalence of new-onset constipation, its risk factors, and its impact on stroke outcome in patients with their first stroke at acute stage.
Postanoxic status epilepticus (PSE) is considered a predictor of fatal outcome and therefore not intensively treated; however, some patients have had favorable outcomes. The aim of this study was to identify favorable predictors for awakening beyond vegetative state in
PSE.
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is characterized by vasogenic subcortical edema without infarction. It has been associated with hypertensive crises and with immunosuppressive medications but not with neuromyelitis optica
(NMO).
To describe the temporal patterns of incidence and demographic characteristics of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
(ALS) in Piemonte and Valle d’Aosta, Italy, in the 10-year period 1995 through 2004.
It is unclear whether patients age 65 years and over with a recent stroke or TIA benefit from statin treatment to a similar degree as younger patients.
Previous studies have reported intracranial aneurysm (IA) occurring at young ages in subsequent generations. These studies did not correct for duration of follow-up.
Spinal Cord advance online publication 24 February 2009; doi: 10.1038/sc.2008.172
Twenty-four SCI patients were enrolled. The individuals were divided into two groups: 13 individuals in the urinary retention category and 11 suffering from overactive bladder syndrome.
Spinal Cord advance online publication 24 February 2009;
doi: 10.1038/sc.2009.2
Health-care-associated (HCA) bloodstream infection (BSI) has been shown to be a distinct epidemiologic category in the general adult population, but few studies have examined specific patient populations.
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society (2009), 15 : 217-224 Cambridge University Press
Epidemiological studies suggest that the Hispanic population is at increased risk for neurological disorders. Yet, few assessment measures have been developed for, adapted to, or normalized with Spanish-speakers.
With anatomical magnetic resonance imaging, the signal intensity of the corticospinal tract (CST) at the level of the internal capsule is often paradoxically similar to that of grey matter.
During rest, multiple cortical brain regions are functionally linked forming resting-state networks. This high level of functional connectivity within resting-state networks suggests the existence of direct neuroanatomical connections between these functionally linked brain regions to facilitate the ongoing interregional neuronal communication.
Interactions between functionally specialized brain regions are crucial for normal brain function. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG) are techniques suited to capture these interactions, because they provide whole head measurements of brain activity in the millisecond range.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 23, Issue 1 February 2009 , pages 23 - 29
A prospective, randomized, double-blind pilot study to compare the results of stereotactic unilateral pallidotomy and subthalamotomy in advanced idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) refractory to medical treatment was designed.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 23, Issue 1 February 2009 , pages 90 - 91
Epidermoid tumours are rare intracranial tumours. They are commonly found in the cerebellopontine angle and the suprasellar region. However, they are also known to occur in other locations.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 23, Issue 1 February 2009 , pages 56 - 62
Despite advances in understanding, monitoring, and treatment, the outcome of patients with refractory brain oedema
(RBE) remains poor. The concept of wide bone removal for treatment of RBE has been recognized since the nineteenth century.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 23, Issue 1 February 2009 , pages 63 - 70
To determine whether there are certain genetic markers which correlate with particular clinical characteristics of meningiomas including multiplicity, recurrence and calvarial erosion.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 23, Issue 1 February 2009 , pages 71 - 75
Duraplasty is critical to the maintenance of anatomical integrity and the protection of brain tissue. Allotransplantation of cadaveric dura mater was abandoned after it was found to transmit Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
(CJD). In this study, the usefulness of a xenogeneic dura mater for dural reconstruction was tested.
Coronary Heart Disease and Cerebrovascular Disease share many predisposing, modifiable risk factors (hypertension, abnormal blood lipids and lipoproteins, cigarette smoking, physical inactivity, obesity and diabetes mellitus). Lifestyle interventions and pharmacological therapy are recognised as the cornerstones of secondary prevention.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Volume 90, Issue 2, Pages 296-301 (February 2009)
To examine the relationship among 4 clinical measures of walking ability and the outputs of the StepWatch Activity Monitor in participants with stroke.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Volume 90, Issue 2, Pages 193-200 (February 2009)
To investigate longitudinal risk factors of hospitalization for circulatory and pulmonary diseases among veterans with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI). Circulatory and respiratory system illnesses are leading causes of death in patients with chronic SCI, yet risk factors for related hospitalizations have not been characterized.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Volume 90, Issue 2, Pages 271-278 (February 2009)
To gain insight into the biomechanics of upslope wheelchair stroking by examining the changes in kinematic and electromyographic characteristics of wheelchair propulsion over ramps of different slopes.
International Journal of Rehabilitation Research:Volume 32(1)March 2009pp 53-63
Variances of drawing arm movements between patients with Parkinson's disease and healthy controls were compared. The aim was to determine whether differences in joint synergies or individual joint rotations affect the endpoint (hand position) variance. Joint and endpoint coordinates were measured while participants performed drawing tasks.
International Journal of Rehabilitation Research:Volume 32(1)March 2009pp 64-70
Patients with low-grade glioma have a longer survival than patients with highly malignant
glioma, and for this reason questions of quality of life (QoL) are of particular importance to such patients as well as to their next of kin.
International Journal of Rehabilitation Research:Volume 32(1)March 2009pp 1-11
The purpose of this study is to review the research conducted on the topic of employment status after spinal cord injury that was published between 1992 and 2005. This study follows on from an earlier review that focused on papers published between 1976 and 1991.
Journal of Neuro-Oncology 0167-594X (Print) 10.1007/s11060-009-9805-8
To investigate the underlying intratumoral diversity of molecular profiles in
glioblastomas, a proteomic approach was introduced to compare samples from regions of different histological grade.
Recent studies identified rare missense mutations in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
(ALS) patients in the TARDBP gene encoding TAR DNA binding protein
(TDP)-43, the major protein of the ubiquitinated inclusions
(UBIs) found in affected motor neurons (MNs).
Meningiomas are the second most common brain tumors in adults, and meningiomas exhibit a tendency to invade adjacent structures. Compared with high-grade
gliomas, little is known about the molecular changes that potentially underlie the invasive behavior of
meningiomas.
The primary purpose of the study was to establish a possible association between very low levels of prenatal exposure to lead and mental development of children at 12, 24 and 36 months of age.
American Journal of Hypertension (2009); 22, 3, 257-262. doi:10.1038/ajh.2008.346
Microangiopathy-related cerebral damage (MARCD) is an entity of cerebrovascular disease based on arteriosclerosis in deep white matter, which includes lacunar infarction and white matter hyperintensity
(WMH).
American Journal of Neuroradiology DOI 10.3174/ajnr.A1443
A hyperintense putaminal rim, putaminal hypointensity, and putaminal atrophy on T2-weighted MR images are findings suggestive of
parkinsonian-dominant multiple system atrophy (MSA-P).
American Journal of Neuroradiology DOI 10.3174/ajnr.A1441
A neuroimaging-based ischemic stroke classification system that predicts costs and outcomes would be useful for clinical prognostication and hospital resource planning.
The paradox of the reported low prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in blacks compared with whites despite higher stroke rates in the former could be related to limitations in the current methods used to diagnose AF in population-based studies.
In a recent meta-analysis, women with stroke had 30% lower odds of receiving tissue plasminogen activator than did men, and some studies have reported greater in-hospital delays in women with stroke.
American Journal of Neuroradiology DOI 10.3174/ajnr.A1506
Early accurate diagnosis of brain metastases is crucial for a patient's prognosis. This study aimed to compare the conspicuity and detectability of small brain metastases between contrast-enhanced 3D fast spin-echo (sampling perfection with application-optimized contrasts by using different flip angle evolutions [SPACE]) and 3D gradient-echo (GE) T1-weighted (magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition of GE
[MPRAGE]) images at 3T.
Gender differences in stroke are matters of increasing interest. The American Stroke Association's patient management tool, Get with the Guidelines-Stroke
(GGS) is widely used to increase adherence to quality indicators in stroke care, but it also provides an opportunity to analyze gender differences in the acute stroke setting.
Several carotid endarterectomy randomized, controlled trials and series have reported higher perioperative stroke and death rates for women compared with men.
Controversy persists as to whether oral contraceptive (OC) use and reproductive history play a role in the etiology of stroke, particularly ischemic stroke. Our aim was to investigate this question in a cohort of middle-aged Swedish women.
Experimental models of stroke provide consistent evidence of smaller stroke volumes in animals ingesting tea components or tea extracts. To assess whether a similar association of black or green tea consumption with reduced risk is evident in human populations, we sought to identify and summarize all human clinical and observational data on tea and stroke.
The importance of early and aggressive initiation of secondary prevention strategies for patients with both coronary artery disease (CAD) and cerebrovascular disease
(CVD) is emphasized by multiple guidelines.
Magnesium sulfate is used extensively for prevention of eclamptic seizures. Empirical and clinical evidence supports the effectiveness of magnesium sulfate; however, questions remain as to its safety and mechanism.
Epileptic Disorders. Volume 10, Number 4, 356-61, December 2008
We report the case of a six-year-old boy who presented in infancy with infantile spasms and left focal seizures. An MR scan at two months was suggestive of a right parietal cortical
dysplasia, although this was less apparent on repeat scan at 11 months.
Epileptic Disorders. Volume 10, Number 4, 339-48, December 2008
A 33-year-old woman had begun having intractable somatosensory seizures affecting the left hand since the age of 13 years. Occasionally, her seizures progressed to left arm posturing followed by secondary generalization.
Epileptic Disorders. Volume 10, Number 4, 349-55, December 2008
The pre-operative assessment and surgical management of children and young adults with
MRI-negative, frontal lobe epilepsy is often challenging owing to the semiologic expression being unusual or non-lateralizing. Localization based on functional tests may be non-convergent, further compounding the difficulty of surgical planning.
Although tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) has revolutionized the treatment of acute ischemic stroke in adults, no thrombolysis trials in childhood stroke have been conducted.
Epileptic Disorders. Volume 10, Number 4, 362-70, December 2008
Patients with multifocal epilepsy are often considered unsuitable for epilepsy surgery. We report an adolescent with intractable frontal and occipital lobe seizures, secondary to complications of treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia as a young child.
American Journal of Neuroradiology DOI 10.3174/ajnr.A1435
Crossed cerebellar diaschisis (CCD), the decrease in blood flow and metabolism in the cerebellar hemisphere contralateral to a supratentorial stroke, is frequently reported on positron-emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission CT
(SPECT) but is rarely described with MR perfusion techniques.
Myxopapillary ependymomas, a specific tumor variant of spinal cord ependymomas, occur most commonly in the lumbosacral region. During the study period, 1,013 patients underwent surgery for spinal cord tumors.
Neurocritical Care 1541-6933 (Print) 10.1007/s12028-009-9192-1
No clinical data exist to compare outcomes between patients with intracerebral hemorrhage
(ICH) treated with different intravenous antihypertensive agents.
American Journal of Neuroradiology DOI 10.3174/ajnr.A1477
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a classic model of monophasic neuronal and axonal injury, in which tissue damage mainly occurs at the moment of trauma.
American Journal of Neuroradiology DOI 10.3174/ajnr.A1471
The aim of our study was to assess the accuracy of multidetector row CT angiography
(MDCTA) in the detection of the underlying vascular abnormalities causing spontaneous lobar intracerebral hemorrhage
(ICH) compared with conventional digital subtraction angiography
(DSA).
American Journal of Neuroradiology DOI 10.3174/ajnr.A1470
MR imaging is widely used for the diagnosis and follow-up of neurosarcoidosis lesions. However, the temporal evolution of imaging abnormalities and the prognostic significance of imaging features is not well understood.
Preoperative differentiation of primary central nervous system lymphomas
(PCNSLs) from other tumors is important for presurgical staging, intraoperative management, and postoperative treatment. Dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (DSC perfusion
MRI) can provide in vivo assessment of the microvasculature in intracranial mass lesions.
American Journal of Neuroradiology DOI 10.3174/ajnr.A1465
Current classification and grading of primary brain tumors has significant limitations. Our aim was to determine whether the relative cerebral volume
(rCBV) measurements in gliomas may serve as an adjunct to histopathologic grading, with a hypothesis that rCBV values are more accurate in predicting 1-year survival and recurrence.
The aim of this study was to assess the clinical effects of Gamma Knife radiosurgery
(GKS) for recurrent and residual meningeal hemangiopericytomas
(M-HPC).
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:347-350
The aetiology of gait disturbances in Parkinson's disease (PD) is not fully understood. Recently, it was shown that in patients with PD, bilateral coordination of gait is impaired and that walking while being simultaneously engaged in a cognitive task is detrimental to their gait.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:312-319
Although epilepsy is considered a grey-matter disorder, changes in the underlying brain connectivity have important implications in seizure generation and propagation. Abnormalities in the temporal and extratemporal white matter of patients with temporal-lobe epilepsy
(TLE) and mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) have previously been identified.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:285-290
The locations of cortex controlling motor, sensory, or language functions can change in adult humans under some circumstances, such as expanding
tumours, trauma or continuous focal seizures. It is not clear what other circumstances might result in changes in cortical functional maps.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:326-332
The strength and nature of the relationships between motor impairments and activity limitations assessed by the ACTIVLIM questionnaire were investigated in 245 patients with neuromuscular disorders.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:297-304
The frequency, nature, relationship to systemic features, value of investigation findings and outcomes for a cohort of patients with neurosarcoidosis (NS) were studied by performing a retrospective survey of case records from nine District General or Regional Centre hospitals in south-west England and south Wales over a 12-year period (1990-2002).
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:305-310
Guidelines from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) and the International League Against Epilepsy recommend long term EEG monitoring
(LTM) in patients for whom seizure or syndrome type is unclear, and in patients for whom it is proving difficult to differentiate between epilepsy and non-epileptic attack disorder
(NEAD).
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:279-284
Despite evidence demonstrating that risk-factor management is effective in reducing recurrent cerebrovascular disease, there are very few structured care programmes for stroke survivors. The aim was to implement and evaluate an integrated care programme in stroke.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:273-278
Hyperdense middle cerebral artery sign (HMCAS) on CT is a well known indication of thromboembolic arterial occlusion. Its disappearance after thrombolytic therapy is poorly described.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:354-355
Recently, mutations in TARDBP have been identified in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
(SALS), an adult onset motor neurodegenerative disorder, as well as in familial forms
(FALS) of ALS.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:291
A 75-year-old man with hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia and prior coronary artery bypass surgery presented with a 1 h history of
dysarthria. Examination was notable for a right gaze tendency that could not be overcome by oculocephalic
manoeuvres, moderate facial droop and extensor plantar response.
The Lancet, Volume 373, Issue 9664, Page 623, 21 February 2009
Just months after Affan Hamakhan Jafar graduated from medical college at the University of Mosul, Iraq, in 1985, his career took a sharp turn in an utterly unexpected direction.
The classification of epilepsy, which represents the commonest neurological disorder throughout the developing world, has been difficult due to lack of diagnostic tools.
Journal of Neuro-Oncology 0167-594X (Print) 10.1007/s11060-009-9800-0
The prognosis of patients with glioblastoma is very poor with a mean survival of 10-12 months. Currently available treatment options are multimodal, which include surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy.
Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2009, 17:5doi:10.1186/1757-7241-17-5
Use of inhaled nitric oxide in humans with traumatic brain injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome has twice previously been reported to be beneficial.
Synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A), the binding site for the antiepileptic drug
(AED) levetiracetam, has been shown to be involved in the control of neuronal excitability. The aim of the study was to define the expression and cell-specific distribution of SV2A in developmental focal lesions associated with medically intractable epilepsy.
To evaluate the effect of the ketogenic diet on electroclinical characteristics and cognitive function in children with continuous spikes and waves during slow sleep
(CSWS).
PLoS Med 6(2): e1000029 doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000029
Most of the cells in the human body are highly specialized ('differentiated'). The brain and the spinal cord, for example, contain two main cell types-neurons, which transmit electrical signals to and from the brain, and glial cells, which support and protect the neurons.
Child's Nervous System 0256-7040 (Print) 10.1007/s00381-009-0823-9
Our objective in this retrospective study was to assess the hippocampal abnormalities, associate them with various congenital brain malformations, and define the frequency of the association in specific anomaly subgroups.
Child's Nervous System 0256-7040 (Print) 10.1007/s00381-008-0802-6
Subarachnoid cysticercosis, an uncommon form of neurocysticercosis, can occasionally grow to giant size causing mass effect and obstructive hydrocephalus.
Minimally invasive surgery was born out of recent advances in neuroimaging and
stereotaxy, and the scale of future neurosurgical procedures will soon be so small that it will not be possible for the unassisted surgeons. Hence, neurosurgical robotics is a natural evolution in this field.
Although both general and abdominal adiposity are well-established risk factors for coronary heart disease, their associations with stroke are less well characterized, particularly in generally lean Asian populations.
It is unclear whether the risk of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is increased during pregnancy, labor, and the
puerperium. We compared the risk of aSAH during this period with the risk outside this period.
The association between combined oral contraceptives (OC) use and increased risk of stroke has been reported. While
progestogen-only contraceptives (POC) are commonly used worldwide, their impact on cardiovascular disease remains unclear.
Intracranial subdural empyemas (SDEs), the majority of which are supratentorial in location, are common neurosurgical emergencies in developing countries, especially in the pediatric age group.
We sought to determine the safety of intracranial stenting with respect to subacute stent thrombosis in patients being treated with standardized antiplatelet therapy.
Epidemiological studies, mainly based on Western European surveys, have shown that stroke is more common in men than in women. In recent years, sex-specific data on stroke incidence, prevalence, subtypes, severity and case-fatality have become available from other parts of the world.
Spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage (SICH) in children is relatively less common as compared to adults, and there are limited studies addressing this issue in children. In this study, we analyze the etiology, clinical features, treatment options and outcome assessment in this population.
To investigate the cerebral metabolic differences between patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
(JME) and normal controls and to evaluate to what extent these metabolic alterations reflect involvement of an epileptic network.
Child's Nervous System 0256-7040 (Print) 10.1007/s00381-009-0818-6
Aggressive epidural intracranial lesions that break through the dura and develop an intra-axial component have been well-described previously in literature.
Child's Nervous System 0256-7040 (Print) 10.1007/s00381-009-0821-y
Brain tissue oxygen tension (PbtO2) monitoring is used increasingly in adult severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) management. Several factors are known to influence PbtO2 in adults, but the variables that affect PbtO2 in pediatric TBI are not well described.
Human Molecular Genetics 2009 18(5):919-930; doi:10.1093/hmg/ddn430
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are vascular anomalies of the central nervous system, comprising dilated blood-filled capillaries lacking structural support. The lesions are prone to rupture, resulting in seizures or hemorrhagic stroke
Human Molecular Genetics 2009 18(5):809-823; doi:10.1093/hmg/ddn407
Mutations in the parkin gene cause autosomal-recessive, juvenile-onset parkinsonism, and parkin dysfunction may also play a role in the pathogenesis of sporadic Parkinson disease (PD).
Alcohol and Alcoholism 2009 44(2):166-170; doi:10.1093/alcalc/agn101
In the scientific literature it has been repeatedly hypothesized that there is a heritable susceptibility to thiamine deficiency comparable to other hereditary metabolic disorders.
Alcohol and Alcoholism 2009 44(2):115-127; doi:10.1093/alcalc/agn079
This is a review of preclinical studies covering alcohol-induced brain neuronal death and loss of neurogenesis as well as abstinence-induced brain cell genesis, e.g. brain regeneration. Efforts are made to relate preclinical studies to human studies.
Alcohol and Alcoholism 2009 44(2):136-140; doi:10.1093/alcalc/agn102
Excessive alcohol use can cause structural and functional abnormalities of the brain and this has significant health, social and economic implications for most countries in the world.
Alcohol and Alcoholism 2009 44(2):155-165; doi:10.1093/alcalc/agn103
Presented is the neuroradiological signature of acute Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE), derived from different types of magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI) sequences.
Alcohol and Alcoholism 2009 44(2):128-135; doi:10.1093/alcalc/agn100
The brain damage, which occurs after either chronic alcoholization or binge drinking regimes, shows distinct biochemical and neurotransmitter differences.
Cognitive decline after cardiac surgery remains common and diminishes patients' quality of life. Based on experimental and clinical evidence, this study assessed the potential of intravenously administered lidocaine to reduce postoperative cognitive dysfunction after cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass.
To determine whether changes at diffusion-tensor magnetic resonance (MR) imaging were present in children with intractable epilepsy and focal cortical dysplasia
(FCD) in (a) subcortical white matter subjacent to MR imaging-visible areas of
FCD, (b) subcortical white matter beyond the MR imaging-visible abnormality but subjacent to a magnetoencephalographic (MEG) dipole cluster, and (c) deep white matter tracts
Journal of Child Neurology 2009, doi:10.1177/0883073808331349
A 7-year-old female patient with a new diagnosis of ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency was treated for hyperammonemia with a standard protocol. Several days later, she developed ataxia,
dysmetria, and dysarthria. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain demonstrated pontine and extrapontine white matter changes consistent with osmotic
demyelination.
Journal of Child Neurology 2009, doi:10.1177/0883073808327827
We tested the hypothesis that increasing methyl-group pools might promote transcriptional repression by other methyl-binding proteins or by mutant
methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 with altered affinity, ameliorating the clinical features of Rett syndrome.
British Journal of Radiology 2009, doi:10.1259/bjr/27721218
The aim of this study was to report initial clinical experience of a 320-slice CT scanner and to perform an image quality evaluation. 26 patients with presumptive cerebrovascular pathology underwent 320-slice CT.
American Journal of Neuroradiology DOI 10.3174/ajnr.A1279
Extraventricular neurocytoma (EVN) is rare entity with similar biologic behavior and histopathologic characteristics to neurocytomas that occur in the lateral ventricles, according to the 2007 World Health Organization classification.
To perform a multicenter study examining the presentations and emergency management of children with convulsive status epilepticus
(CSE) to sites within the Paediatric Research in Emergency Departments International Collaborative.
American Journal of Neuroradiology DOI 10.3174/ajnr.A1438
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of 64-section multi-detector row CT angiography
(CTA) with direct intra-arterial contrast injection (IA-CTA) for the evaluation of neurovascular disease.
American Journal of Neuroradiology DOI 10.3174/ajnr.A1451
With its highly variable clinical presentation, the diagnosis of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis
(SVT), and especially of deep venous thrombosis (DVT), as rare but important causes of stroke is challenging.
Biomarkers are objective, accessible, and easily measurable biologic parameters that correlate either with the presence (trait) or the severity (state) of a disease.
The questions of when and how to start treatment for Parkinson disease (PD) remain extremely challenging. A variety of treatment- and patient-related factors must be taken into account when making these decisions.
Although idiopathic Parkinson disease (PD) remains the only neurodegenerative disorder for which there are highly effective symptomatic therapies, there are still major unmet needs regarding its long-term management.
Although our concepts of what causes Parkinson disease (PD) are ever changing and the hunt for a reliable biomarker continues, the clinical picture remains as distinctive as when the malady was first described by James Parkinson and the neurologic Grand Masters of the nineteenth century.
During the last 20 years, an enormous research effort and hundreds of millions of dollars have been spent attempting to develop and prove that drugs may slow the rate of progression of Parkinson disease (PD).
Parkinson disease (PD) is a disorder with a substantive period before the emergence of motor symptoms, during which significant dopaminergic neuronal loss is counterbalanced by endogenous compensatory mechanisms.
Clinical, neuroimaging, and pathologic studies have provided data suggesting that a variety of nonmotor symptoms can precede the classic motor features of Parkinson disease (PD) by years and, perhaps, even decades. The period when these symptoms arise can be referred to as the
"premotor phase" of the disease.
Pathology and imaging studies have shown that patients with Parkinson disease (PD) have a prolonged period of uncertain duration when vulnerable neuronal populations are degenerating, but typical motor symptoms have not yet developed.
A disease-modifying therapy is the most important unmet medical need in the treatment of Parkinson disease (PD). Laboratory studies have identified many promising candidate agents, but none has been proven to be neuroprotective in PD.
"Neuroprotective" compounds that block dopamine cell death are expected to slow the progression of the neurologic symptoms of Parkinson disease (PD) and therefore "modify" the disease course.
Multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA) was used to analyze blood-oxygen level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD
fMRI) data, which were acquired as human subjects received brief vibrotactile stimulation of their hands and feet.
Several genes involved in the lymphotoxin-{alpha} cascade (LTA, LGALS2, and PSMA6) have been linked with the risk of myocardial infarction. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of these genes in patients with ischemic stroke (IS).
American Journal of Neuroradiology 30:297-302, February 2009
The anterior communicating artery (AcomA) is a predilect location of aneurysms which typically carry higher rupture risks than other locations in the anterior circulation.
Child's Nervous System 0256-7040 (Print) 10.1007/s00381-009-0822-x
Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) management are the current standards to guide care of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 16, Number 3, March 2009 , pp. 399-403(5)
Borna disease virus (BDV) is a neurotropic RNA virus that is known to cause neurological disturbances in various animal species, potentially even humans. However, the association between BDV infection and human neurological disorders remains unclear.
Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, Volume 69, Issue 1 February 2009 , pages 13 - 17
The risk of acute intracranial complication after minor head injury (MHI) is low. Despite this, a computed tomography (CT) scan is generally recommended for all patients following
MHI. Admission for clinical observation is a secondary management option when a CT scan is unavailable or is judged inappropriate. Both alternatives are associated with disadvantages and several attempts at refining existing guidelines for MHI management have been proposed as a means of reducing CT and/or admission.
Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, Volume 69, Issue 1 February 2009 , pages 22 - 25
Cholesterol plays a crucial structural role in the brain and local synthesis covers almost all the requirements of the brain. To maintain homeostasis, the excess of cholesterol is converted into the more hydrophilic oxysterol 24S-hydroxycholesterol by the neuron-specific enzyme CYP46A1. About 99 % of the total excretion of this oxysterol by the brain occurs across the blood-brain barrier directly into the bloodstream.
Epilepsy commonly develops among patients with brain tumors, frequently even as the presenting symptom, and such patients consequently experience substantial morbidity from both the seizures and the underlying disease.
Journal of Neurotrauma. ahead of print. doi:10.1089/neu.2008.0594
Mild hypothermia is an established neuroprotectant in the laboratory, showing remarkable and consistent effects across multiple laboratories and models of brain injury.
Neurotrauma. ahead of print. doi:10.1089/neu.2008.0580
Therapeutic (induced) hypothermia (TH) has been extensively studied as a means to reduce brain injury following global and focal cerebral ischemia, intracerebral hemorrhage
(ICH), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of pregabalin (PGB) as adjunctive therapy, using a flexible-dosing schedule in Korean patients with refractory partial-onset seizures.
Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL/Apo2L) is a promising cancer drug. However, many tumours are resistant to TRAIL-based therapies.
Stroke patients often develop deep-vein thrombosis (DVT), a potential cause of pulmonary
thromboembolism. Little information is available on DVT in Asian patients with intracerebral hemorrhage
(ICH).
PEDIATRICS Vol. 123 No. 2 February 2009, pp. 503-511
Although preterm very low birth weight infants have a high prevalence of neuroanatomical abnormalities when evaluated at term-equivalent age, patterns of brain growth in prematurely born infants during school age and adolescence remain largely unknown.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:228-231
Two patients with Parkinson's disease with pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) stimulation for gait impairments reported "trembling vision" during the setting of the electrical parameters, although there was no clinically observable abnormal eye movement. Oculomotor recordings revealed frequency locked voltage dependent vertical or oblique movements of the eye ipsilateral to the active contact, suggesting current spreading to the mesencephalic oculomotor
fibres.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:241-242
Collapsin response mediator protein 5 (CRMP5) antibodies are often associated with thymoma or small cell lung cancer and paraneoplastic syndromes such as limbic encephalitis (LE). A patient is described with myasthenia gravis who, following thymectomy and
immunosuppression, acquired a viral infection and developed LE and increased levels of serum CRMP5 antibodies.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as motor neuron disease (MND), is a rare neurodegenerative disease. Approximately 5% to 7% of
ALS/MND patients report a family history of a similarly affected relative. Superoxide dismutase-1 gene mutations are the cause in about 20% of familial cases.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:237-240
Duplication of the lamin B1 gene (LMNB1) has recently been described in a rare form of autosomal dominant adult-onset
leucoencephalopathy. The aim of the study was to evaluate the presence of LMNB1 gene defects in a series of eight patients with diffuse adult-onset hereditary
leucoencephalopathy.
Post-stroke motor impairments cause difficulty controlling the joints of the affected limbs to produce useful movements. One way to manage this to use an orthosis to control the movement of the affected joints but evidence for their benefit is lacking.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:235-236
Postural and action tremor in peripheral neuropathy is characteristic of Roussy–Levy syndrome. A patient with a severe demyelinating neuropathy and disabling neuropathic tremor successfully treated by deep brain stimulation (DBS) is reported.
Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) exerts neuroprotective effects in both white and gray matter under different detrimental conditions. The purpose of this review is to collect the evidence whether
IGF-I is a candidate neuroprotective drug in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
Alzheimer's dementia (AD) is the most common form of dementia in people with Down Syndrome (DS). Acetylcholine is a chemical found in the brain that has an important role in memory, attention, reason and language. Rivastigmine is a "pseudo-irreversible" inhibitor of
acetylcholinesterase, which is thought to maintain levels of acetylcholine.
Very early mobilisation is performed in some stroke units and recommended in acute stroke clinical guidelines. It is unclear whether very early mobilisation independently improves outcome after stroke.
Journal of Child Neurology 2009, doi:10.1177/0883073808327832
Seizures in the newborn period are common and frequently indicate serious underlying brain injury. Although accumulating evidence suggests that they may impair brain development, there are currently no evidence-based guidelines for evaluation and management of neonatal seizures.
High-resolution contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CEMRI) has been proven to be an effective tool for the identification of carotid atherosclerotic vulnerable plaque, such as a large lipid core and thin fibrous cap.
Subcortical ischemic vascular disease (SIVD) is a common, but often overlooked cause of vascular cognitive impairment. Diagnostic research criteria for SIVD are based on magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI) findings including substantial white matter lesions
(WML) and multiple lacunar infarcts.
Carotid artery plaque with a disrupted fibrous cap is characterized by a higher tendency to rupture, resulting in a higher rate of transitory ischemic attack and stroke. The purpose of our study was to evaluate whether there is a statistically significant correlation between the presence of fissured fibrous cap
(FFC) (assessed by using multi-detector-row CT angiography
(MDCTA)) and ipsilateral symptomaticity.
Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment Published: February 2009
Cognitive decline after cerebrovascular stroke has adverse outcome consequences. Since some vascular causes can be prevented and treated, the identification of stroke-related cognitive impairment is a challenge.
The American Journal of the Medical Sciences:Volume 337(2)February 2009pp 143-145
Lumbar puncture is a commonly practiced bedside technique for acquiring cerebrospinal fluid for the purposes of examination, spinal anesthesia, and as therapeutic trial for normal pressure hydrocephalus. Headache and backache after lumbar puncture are not uncommon. We report an elderly woman who suffered from altered consciousness and acute neurologic deficit after a difficult lumbar puncture.
Patients presenting with multiple cranial neuropathies are not uncommon in neurologic clinical practice. The evaluation of these patients can often be overwhelming due to the vast and complicated etiologies as well as the potential for devastating neurologic outcomes.
European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery 1863-9933 (Print) 10.1007/s00068-008-8095-8
Acute traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability in young persons worldwide, producing a substantial economic burden on health services.
Journal of Psychopharmacology, Vol. 23, No. 2, 223-226 (2009)
Catatonia is a syndrome that encompasses multiple motor signs. It can be the only presenting clinical feature in a patient with underlying multiple neuropsychiatric syndromes.
Acta Neurologica Scandinavica Published Online: 16 Feb 2009
Many children are harmed by low-level lead exposure which impairs cognitive development with subsequent poor scholastic achievement. We investigated blood lead levels in children in relation to cognitive function.
Evidence-based standards are used worldwide to determine quality of care. We assessed quality of in-hospital stroke care in all acute-care hospitals in Catalonia by determining adherence to 13 evidence-based performance measures
(PMs) of process of care.
Although features of variable differentiation in glioblastoma cell cultures have been reported, a comparative analysis of differentiation properties of normal neural GFAP positive progenitors, and those shown by glioblastoma cells, has not been performed.
European Heart Journal, doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehn599
Knowledge about stroke risk in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PxAF) is limited. Although current guideline recommendations advocate the same treatment as in permanent atrial fibrillation
(PermAF), most patients with PxAF do not receive prophylactic anticoagulation.
Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases First Published on: 31 December 2008
We report 3 cases of respiratory syncytial virus infection-associated seizures; their abnormalities of cerebrospinal fluid (increased interleukin-6 and positive for virus by highly sensitive assay) were documented. These data revealed that neurological involvement might be caused by a direct invasion.
Epileptic Disorders. Volume 10, Number 4, 254-9, December 2008
The only consistent symptom of ring chromosome 20 syndrome (r(20)) is severe, refractory epilepsy often associated with a characteristic, although not
pathognomonic, EEG pattern. Patients suffer from severe seizures with accompanying cognitive decline and frequent episodes of non-convulsive status epilepticus (SE).
American Journal of Neuroradiology 30:308-314, February 2009
The very small size of cerebral aneurysms is considered to be one of the limitations for endovascular treatment, with a high risk for intraoperative rupture. We report on treatment of very small saccular ruptured cerebral aneurysms by coil
embolization.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 30:389-395, February 2009
In neuro-oncology, a major problem is clear identification of tumor from the surrounding normal tissue. We hypothesized that we could use the blood oxygen level-dependent functional MR imaging (BOLD
fMRI) signals from tumors and normal brain to identify the tumors and distinguish them from the surrounding brain.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 30:386-388, February 2009
Neuroacanthocytosis is a rare hereditary disorder characterized by involuntary choreiform movements and erythrocytic acanthocytosis in the peripheral blood.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 30:411-416, February 2009
Cholinesterase-inhibitor therapy is approved for treatment of Alzheimer disease; however, application in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is still under active investigation.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 30:257-263, February 2009
Anomalies associated with callosal agenesis (ACC) found postnatally have been well documented. However, to our knowledge, no detailed MR imaging analysis of associated anomalies has been reported in a large cohort of fetuses with ACC.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 30:349-355, February 2009
The effect of various contrast-dose regimens for cerebral MR venography (MRV) has not been previously evaluated at 3T, to our knowledge. Our purpose was to evaluate and compare the diagnostic image quality resulting from half-versus-full-dose contrast regimens for high-spatial-resolution 3D cerebral MRV at 3T.
Depression is a frequent and important complication of stroke. Few data exist on the prevalence of depression/depressed mood after intracerebral hemorrhage
(ICH) and the relationship between depression/depressed mood and the quality of life
(QoL) more generally experienced by survivors of ICH.
Recessive mutations in GJA12/GJC2, the gene that encodes the gap junction protein connexin47 (Cx47), cause Pelizaeus-Merzbacher-like disease
(PMLD), an early onset dysmyelinating disorder of the CNS, characterized by
nystagmus, psychomotor delay, progressive spasticity and cerebellar signs.
Lower birth weight is associated with increased risk of stroke, but little is known about the mechanism for this association or influence in addition to vascular risk factors.
Pre-clinical and human neuropharmacological evidence suggests a role of cholinergic modulation of monoamines as a pathophysiological and therapeutic mechanism in Alzheimer's disease.
Epileptic Disorders. Volume 10, Number 4, 247-52, December 2008
We describe the case of an eight-year-old boy, who underwent a video-stereo EEG
(SEEG) investigation for the presurgical assessment of drug-resistant epilepsy, related to a right
fronto-lateral cortical dysplasia and who became seizure-free after epilepsy surgery.
Epileptic Disorders. Volume 10, Number 4, 330-8, December 2008
The patient first presented to our service at the age of eight years. The product of a normal pregnancy, he had presented a single, uncomplicated febrile seizure at the age of one year in the context of a throat infection.
Prior studies have suggested worse poststroke outcomes in women. We sought to examine sex differences in quality of care
(QOC) in the Get With The Guidelines-Stroke (GWTG-Stroke) program.
Stroke is emerging as a major public health problem for women, as it is for men. Controversy persists regarding gender differences in stroke incidence, severity, and poststroke disability.
Uric acid is a risk factor of cardiovascular disease, as well as a major natural antioxidant, prohibiting the occurrence of cellular damage. The relation between uric acid and cognitive decline, in which both vascular mechanisms and oxidative stress are thought to play a role, is unknown.
In intra-arterial (IA) thrombolysis trials, higher rates of symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage
(sICH) were found than in trials with intravenous (IV) recombinant tissue plasminogen activator
(tPA); this observation could have been due to the inclusion of more severely affected patients in IA thrombolysis trials.
Previous studies report that women with stroke may experience longer delays in diagnostic workup than men after arriving at the emergency department. We hypothesized that presenting symptom differences could explain these delays.
Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment Issue: Issue 4 Published: February 2009
We examined whether pramipexole (PPX) can influence depressive scale in normal and mild depressive parkinsonian patients. In an open study of PPX as an add-on to L-dopa therapy or single administration, 36 nondemented outpatients with
Parkinson's disease (PD) were entered first.
The first aim of this study was to evaluate the within-session reliability of sitting balance measures by assessing forward and lateral reach while sitting in both healthy subjects and patients post- stroke. The second aim was to evaluate the ability to document change in reaching while sitting over time in patients post-stroke.
It is unknown if impaired cerebral vasoreactivity recovers after ischemic stroke, and whether it compromises perfusion in regions surrounding infarct and other vascular territories.
Secondary brain damage after traumatic brain injury (TBI) involves neuroinflammatory mechanisms, mainly dependent on the intracerebral production of specific biomarkers, such as cytokines, neurotrophic factors, and neuron-specific enolase
(NSE).
Conventional arterial imaging focuses on the vessel lumen but lacks specificity because different pathologies produce similar luminal defects. Wall imaging can characterize extracranial arterial pathology, but imaging intracranial walls has been limited by resolution and signal constraints. Higher-field scanners may improve visualization of these smaller vessels.
Impact of cardiac complications after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) remains controversial. We performed a meta-analysis to assess whether EKG changes, myocardial damage, or echocardiographic wall motion abnormalities
(WMAs) are related to death, poor outcome (death or dependency), or delayed cerebral ischemia
(DCI) after SAH.
Spinal Cord advance online publication 17 February 2009;
doi: 10.1038/sc.2009.1
The objective of this study was to develop a method and test a concept device that could protect against both spinal cord (SCI) and brain injuries (BI).
Spinal Cord advance online publication 17 February 2009; doi: 10.1038/sc.2009.8
We have encountered several cases of complete sensorimotor paralysis in which patellar tendon reflex
(PTR) was demonstrated approximately 3 days after injury and improvement of motor paralysis was subsequently achieved.
Spinal Cord advance online publication 17 February 2009;
doi: 10.1038/sc.2009.11
The primary objective of neurophysiological monitoring during surgery is to prevent permanent neurological
sequelae. To avoid neurological injury, we applied
somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEPs) and/or motor-evoked potentials
(MEPs).
Spinal Cord advance online publication 17 February 2009; doi: 10.1038/sc.2008.164
With the intention to ameliorate the clinical condition of patients with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI), a program that combines three cell therapies and an appropriate neurorehabilitation program were used to recreate and enhance the natural conditions of SCI repair.
The Lancet Neurology, Volume 8, Issue 3, Pages 261 - 269, March 2009
After ischaemic stroke onset, potentially viable (ie, penumbral) tissue might be salvageble for as long as 48 h. By increasing the therapeutic time window for treatment of stroke with intravenous alteplase from 3-4·5 h to 9 h, many more patients could be treated.
The Lancet Neurology, Volume 8, Issue 3, Pages 292 - 300, March 2009
Epidural abcessess can involve the intercranial or spinal compartments and can result in potentially devastating neurological injuries. Although rare, incidence of spinal epidural abscesses
(SEAs) is increasing as predisposing factors such as injected-drug use, chronic
immunosuppression, and spinal surgery become more common.
The Lancet Neurology, Volume 8, Issue 3, Pages 218 - 219, March 2009
Despite great educational efforts, stroke is still the most common cause of chronic acquired disability. Stroke has devastating effects on patients and their carers and is a huge financial burden on health-care systems.
The Lancet Neurology, Volume 8, Issue 3, Pages 223 - 224, March 2009
Although deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the globus pallidus internus
(GPi) is well established and routinely used worldwide for surgical treatment of advanced Parkinson's disease (PD), few of the several hundred reports on DBS published in the past 15 years qualify as evidence-based medicine
(ie, prospective randomised controlled studies with masked outcome assessments).
The Lancet Neurology, Volume 8, Issue 3, Pages 235 - 243, March 2009
Evidence is available on the effectiveness and costs of treatments to reduce stroke risk in long-term secondary prevention. However, there are few data on the costs and outcomes of urgent assessment and treatment after the onset of transient ischaemic attack (TIA) or minor stroke.
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