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A 39-year-old woman developed severe arterial hypertension associated with brainstem hyperintensity in T2-weighted images and hyperintense lesion in the left basal ganglia.
With the increasing number of cancer survivors, we can observe a population that will present a higher risk of developing secondary long-term toxicities related to adjuvant chemo and radiotherapy regimens.
Neurosurgery: February 2009 - Volume 64 - Issue 2 - p E382-E383
Craniopharyngiomas are benign tumors that originate from squamous cell rests of the embryonal
hypophyseal-pharyngeal duct located along the pituitary stalk. After their surgical resection, recurrence usually occurs in the region of the original tumor bed.
Neurosurgery: February 2009 - Volume 64 - Issue 2 - p 289-296
The aim of this study was to evaluate long-term hearing preservation after gamma knife radiosurgery
(GKS) for vestibular schwannomas in patients with initially normal or subnormal hearing (Gardner-Robertson Class 1) and to determine the predictive factors for functional hearing preservation.
Neurosurgery: February 2009 - Volume 64 - Issue 2 - p 241-248
Cranial dural arteriovenous fistulae (dAVF) with cortical venous drainage (CVD) (Borden Types 2 and 3) are reported to carry a 15% annual risk of intracranial hemorrhage
(ICH) or nonhemorrhagic neurological deficit (NHND).
Current Vascular Pharmacology, Volume 7, Number 1, January 2009 , pp. 26-33(8)
Stroke is a serious neurological disease and the third leading cause of death in the western world. In roughly 15 % of the cases, the cause is due to an intracranial
haemorrhage, and the remaining 85 % represent ischemic strokes. Ischemic stroke is caused by the occlusion of a cerebral artery either by an embolus or by local thrombosis.
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are vascular abnormalities that may cause seizures, headaches, intracerebral hemorrhages, and focal neurological deficits; they can also be clinically silent and may occur as a sporadic or an autosomal dominant condition.
Sex may predict level of care and successive outcome among patients with stroke. We examined fulfillment of quality of care criteria according to sex and possible impact of any sex-related differences on short-term mortality in a population-based nationwide follow-up study in Denmark.
Journal of Medical Case Reports 2009, 3:53doi:10.1186/1752-1947-3-53
Intracranial arachnoid cysts are considered to be congenital malformations with a predilection for the temporal
fossa. They are often asymptomatic but can sometimes be symptomatic due to enlargement or hemorrhage.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 30:276-281, February 2009
Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) is frequently associated with neurologic complications such as seizures, so diagnosing this condition has important implications for patient management.
Patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) often have blinking abnormalities. In this study we examined the kinematic features of voluntary, spontaneous and reflex blinking in 11 patients with PSP and healthy control subjects.
Women face a higher mortality after stroke and have different risk factors than men. Despite educational campaigns, women continue to underestimate their own risk for stroke. We present a theoretical model to understand risk perception in high-risk women.
Prompt recognition of stroke symptoms is critical to timely treatment and women have increased delay to treatment. Women may be more likely to present with atypical symptoms, but this hypothesis has not been extensively evaluated.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:175-181
To investigate the association between subjective spasticity ratings and objective spasticity measurement using a new tool for spasticity assessment, that is long-term surface electromyography
(sEMG) recordings during daily activities. For monitoring, processing and analysis of this long-term sEMG data, a muscle activity detection algorithm was developed.
Neurosurgery: February 2009 - Volume 64 - Issue 2 - p 346-356
The world's first Leksell Gamma Knife PerfeXion (Elekta Instrument AB, Stockholm, Sweden) for radiosurgery of the head and neck became operational at Timone University Hospital in Marseille on July 10, 2006.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:166-170
Previous research on cognition and locked-in syndrome (LIS) is limited to single case reports, and usually reported normality of performance. Here, cognitive disorders in a group of LIS patients are investigated, using a specific test relying only on a yes/no response indicated by eye movements or verbally.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:182-187
Substantial grey matter (GM) demyelination occurs in both the cerebral cortex and spinal cord in multiple sclerosis (MS). GM demyelination also occurs in the cerebellar cortex and the deep GM nuclei of the brain. However, no study has made a direct "within subject" comparison of the extent of GM pathology between these regions.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:196-200
Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) constitutes a heterogenic entity with different clinical histories, pathomorphological hippocampal findings and varying postoperative outcome.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 30:264-270, February 2009
Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) permits early detection and quantification of hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain lesions. Our aim was to assess the predictive value of DWI and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements for outcome in children with perinatal asphyxia.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 30:219-226, February 2009
Second-generation coils have been available since 2002. We wanted to assess their performance and appraise available evidence. Therefore we performed a systematic review of the literature from 2002 to 2007.
Fahr syndrome is known by idiopathic basal ganglia and extrabasal ganglia calcification, which is clinically manifested by movement disorders, dementia, behavioral disturbances, and cognitive impairments. The pathogenesis of this syndrome is still a matter of debate.
Pituitary apoplexy may cause meningeal irritation signs because of blood and necrotic cells passed to subarachnoid space. Meningeal irritation signs, clinically indistinguishable from infectious meningitis, are considered rare and reviewed as presenting signs in a few cases of
acromegaly.
Dyke-Davidoff-Masson Syndrome (DDMS), also called cerebral hemiatrophy, is a clinical condition characterized by hypoplasia or atrophy of one of the cerebral hemispheres during the fetal period or early childhood, accompanied by seizures, facial asymmetry, contralateral hemiplegia or
hemiparesis, and learning difficulties.
Childhood tumors arising from the Sylvian fissure are extremely rare and provide not only a diagnostic imaging challenge in localization and characterization, but also complicate neurosurgical resection. Magnetic resonance imaging plays an important role in characterizing these tumors and forms an important adjunct in preoperative and perioperative neurosurgical planning.
Images of dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) on computed tomography (CT) are usually normal when no hemorrhages have occurred from the
DAVF. Therefore, it is difficult to diagnose DAVF by plain CT scans which are usually performed in an initial examination.
Tentorial meningiomas account for 2% to 3% of all intracranial meningiomas. The authors present their experience with posterior fossa tentorial
meningiomas, and discuss the main features, which influence approaches and complications of the different surgical techniques.
As magnesium is a potent cerebral vasodilator, we have investigated routine supplementation of magnesium (as a potent cerebral vasodilator) in patients presented with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
(ASAH) to determine whether there has been a reduction in the incidence of cerebral vasospasm.
Three-dimensional understanding of the pathologic and radiologic anatomy of tentorial meningiomas is the basis for our proposed classification, which provides the rationale for surgical approach for each tentorial location.
The purpose was to investigate the effect of neutralizing interleukin (IL)-6 antibody treatment on the act5'-triphosphatase
(ATPase) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in brain after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage
(SAH) in the rat.
Primary malignant brain tumors are estimated to have caused more than 12,800 deaths in the United States in 2006, and nearly 19,000 new cases are diagnosed annually in this country. The
glial-derived neoplasm, or glioma, is the most aggressive type of brain tumor and accounts for 44% of all primary brain tumors.
Continuous maturation of cerebral white matter (WM) in the postadolescent period is not fully understood. To elucidate the time course and location of possible postadolescent maturational changes in cerebral WM, we studied 60 healthy male subjects who were in their second to seventh decade using diffusion-weighted imaging.
NeuroRehabilitation Volume 24, Number 1 / 2009 15-27
The purpose of the current study was to determine the contribution of race/ethnicity and income to community integration at approximately 6 months following traumatic brain injury (TBI).
NeuroRehabilitation Volume 24, Number 1 / 2009 5-14
To determine differences in life satisfaction at 1-year post-TBI among Caucasian, African American, Hispanic, and Asian individuals with TBI, after adjusting for covariates that significantly differ between ethnic groups and/or affect the Satisfaction with Life Scale
(SWLS) at one year post-injury.
NeuroRehabilitation Volume 24, Number 1 / 2009 29-36
Previous studies that used objective measures of community integration found that in the first year after injury, minority groups with traumatic brain injury (TBI) exhibit lower levels of community integration than White participants.
NeuroRehabilitation Volume 24, Number 1 / 2009 47-56
To identify disparities and changes in subjective well-being, participation, and health over a 6-year period as a function of race-ethnicity and gender in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI).
NeuroRehabilitation Volume 24, Number 1 / 2009 57-66
To compare the prevalence of pressure ulcer (PU) and barriers to treatment in the event of PU development as a function of race-ethnicity in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI).
NeuroRehabilitation Volume 24, Number 1 / 2009 87-93
There is relatively little research pertaining to neuropsychological assessment of Spanish-speaking individuals with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy
(TLE).
Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, Volume 53, Number 2, February 2009 , pp. 159-167(9)
he Kety-Schmidt method is the reference method for measuring global cerebral blood flow
(CBF), cerebral metabolic rates (CMR) and flux, especially where scanners are unavailable or impractical. Our primary objective was to assess the repeatability of the
Kety-Schmidt method in a variety of different approaches using inhaled nitrous oxide (N2O) as the tracer, combined with photoacoustic spectrometry.
Microglia are cells of myeloid origin that populate the CNS during early development and form the brain's innate immune cell type. They perform homoeostatic activity in the normal CNS, a function associated with high motility of their ramified processes and their constant phagocytic clearance of cell debris.
It is well established that cell populations in the adult CNS exist which are able to give rise to cells of all major cell lineages including neurons, oligodendrocytes and
astrocytes.
Current recommendations for stroke prevention during early pregnancy in women with a prior stroke history are based on limited evidence. In view of the uncertainty involved in balancing the fetal risk of medication against the maternal risk of recurrent stroke, a substantial variation in clinical decision making was anticipated.
Parity appears to be associated with carotid atherosclerosis in women aged 45 years and older. Studying this association among younger women and men may provide insight into whether this association relates predominantly to childbearing or child-rearing.
Journal of Child Neurology 2009, doi:10.1177/0883073808330184
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) typically presents with progressive mental deterioration, behavioral changes, and myoclonic jerks. Atypical presentations are not unknown and may result in diagnostic delays.
J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 20:447-449, November 2008
A retrospective review of patients with intracranial neoplasms was performed to identify characteristics of patients with comorbid depression and/or anxiety.
J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 20:466-472, November 2008
The authors examined whether the baseline cognitive functioning of 21 clinically normal huntingtin mutation carriers who developed manifest
Huntington's disease on follow-up differed from that of 49 mutation carriers who remain asymptomatic over the same period in a longitudinal study.
J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 20:441-446, November 2008
Clinical correlates of schizotypy were evaluated in 89 adult consecutive outpatients with epilepsy, using the Beck Depression Inventory, the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire
(SPQ).
Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is a severe epileptic condition characterized by multiple seizure types including tonic seizures, slow spike-and-wave discharges on electroencephalography (EEG), and cognitive impairment. LGS can occur in apparently healthy subjects or in patients with preexisting brain damage.
European Journal of Pediatrics Volume 154, Supplement 2 / February, 1995 S2-S5
A historical group of 45 children (4-18 years) and adults (18-39 years) with classical galactosemia had deficits of cognitive function that were variable and not related to the age at diagnosis or to severity of illness at presentation.
Lasers in Medical Science 0268-8921 (Print) 10.1007/s10103-008-0640-5
Photofrin photodynamic therapy (PDT) caused a dose-dependent decrease of enzymatic cell detachment by
trypsin/ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) in human glioma U251n and U87 cells.
Journal of Neurosurgery February 2009 Volume 110, Number 2
It has been hypothesized that specific brain regions involved in face naming may exist in the brain. To spare these areas and to gain a better understanding of their organization, the authors studied patients who underwent surgery by using direct electrical stimulation mapping for brain tumors, and they compared an object-naming task to a famous face-naming task.
Journal of Neurosurgery February 2009 Volume 110, Number 2
Nitric oxide has been associated with epileptogenesis. Previous studies have shown increased expression of
N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) subunit NR2B receptors in epileptic dysplastic human
neocortex. The expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase
(nNOS), and its relation to this subunit NR2B in epileptic dysplastic tissue has never been addressed.
Although hundreds of genetic association studies of ischaemic stroke have been published, the failure to replicate associations has led to scepticism about their findings.
Journal of Neurosurgery February 2009 Volume 110, Number 2
In an attempt to identify cortical areas involved in singing in addition to language areas, the authors used a singing task during direct cortical mapping in 5 patients who were amateur singers and had undergone surgery for brain tumors. The organization of the cortical areas involved in language and singing was analyzed in relation with these surgical data.
Journal of Neurosurgery February 2009 Volume 110, Number 2
Pituitary stalk hemangioblastomas are rare, and information on them is limited to a small number of case reports. To gain insight into the incidence, clinical effects, and management of pituitary stalk
hemangioblastomas, the authors analyzed a series of patients with von Hippel-Lindau
(VHL) disease.
Journal of Neurosurgery February 2009 Volume 110, Number 2
Malignancies are a common feature of Maffucci syndrome, with chondrosarcomas being the most common tumor type. The authors present the first case of Maffucci syndrome associated with a pituitary adenoma and a probable brainstem glioma and review the literature concerning intracranial tumors related to this disease.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:149-157
Elevated homocysteine has been associated with a higher prevalence of cerebral white-matter lesions and infarcts, and worse cognitive performance. This raises the question whether factors involved in homocysteine metabolism, such as vitamin B12, are also related to these outcomes.
Serum S100B has been widely studied as a biomarker in acute ischaemic stroke. The main objective of this review was to appraise the published literature on S100B and determine its clinical applicability.
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 16, Number 3, March 2009 , pp. 297-309(13)
Tauopathies with parkinsonism represent a spectrum of disease entities unified by the pathologic accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein fragments within the central nervous system. These pathologic characteristics suggest shared pathogenetic pathways and possible molecular targets for disease-modifying therapeutic interventions.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:158-165
Lacunar strokes account for 25% of ischaemic strokes, but their precise aetiology is unknown. Similarities between the retinal and cerebral small vessels mean that clarification of the exact relationship between retinal microvascular abnormalities and stroke, and particularly with stroke subtypes, may aid understanding of the aetiology of lacunar stroke and stroke risk.
Arteriopathies are the commonest cause of arterial ischaemic stroke (AIS) in children. Repeated vascular imaging in children with AIS demonstrated the existence of a ‘transient cerebral arteriopathy’
(TCA), characterized by lenticulostriate infarction due to non-progressive unilateral arterial disease affecting the supraclinoid internal carotid artery and its proximal branches.
Neurosurgery: February 2009 - Volume 64 - Issue 2 - p 268-278
Cranial base chordomas are difficult lesions to treat. The endoscopic endonasal approach
(EEA) takes advantage of the natural sinus corridor and may provide a less invasive approach for these midline tumors.
Neurosurgery: February 2009 - Volume 64 - Issue 2 - p 256-267
Surgical resection of deep-seated midline brain tumors does not always resolve obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid pathways, and an additional operation-ventricular shunting-is required.
Neurosurgery: February 2009 - Volume 64 - Issue 2 - p 279-288
To develop outcome predictors after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in patients with intracranial ependymomas who had received previous fractionated radiation therapy, we compared tumor control, survival, and complications with tumor grade, volume, age of patients, and imaging characteristics.
Parkinson's disease, caused by the loss of dopaminergic nigrostriatal projections, is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease characterized by
bradykinesia, rigidity, tremor and postural instability.
Neural networks for processing language often are reorganized in patients with epilepsy. However, the extent and location of within and between hemisphere re-organization are not established.
Transient epileptic amnesia (TEA) is a recently recognised form of epilepsy of which the principle manifestation is recurrent, transient episodes of isolated memory loss.
Using hybrid-blocked/event-related fMRI and the 2-back task we aimed to decompose tonic and phasic temporal dynamics of basal ganglia response abnormalities in working memory associated with early untreated Parkinson's disease.
Stroke is associated with considerable societal costs. Cost-of-illness studies have been undertaken to estimate lifetime costs; most incorporating data up to 12 months after stroke. Costs of stroke, incorporating data collected up to 12 months, have previously been reported from the North East Melbourne Stroke Incidence Study (NEMESIS).
Stroke risk increases with age in patients who have nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. It is uncertain whether the efficacy of stroke prevention therapies in atrial fibrillation changes as patients age.
The decision to administer tPA to acute stroke patients is frequently made by stroke attendings or fellows, but placing residents in this position may make tPA delivery more efficient.
American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A Published Online: 10 Feb 2009
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heritable bone disorder characterized by fractures with minimal trauma. Intracranial hemorrhage has been reported in a small number of OI patients.
Aging Health February 2009, Vol. 5, No. 1, Pages 113-125
The incidence of glioblastoma in the elderly population has increased in recent decades. Current treatment of glioblastoma in the elderly includes surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy; however, its optimal management is still a matter of debate. Several studies have reported longer survival after extensive resection in comparison with biopsy only, but the survival advantage remains modest.
Journal of Child Neurology 2009, doi:10.1177/0883073808324772
Because poor comprehension has been associated with small cerebral volume and there is a high comorbidity between developmental dyslexia, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and specific language impairment.
Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain Published Online: 11 Feb 2009
The authors report functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study data of a 60-year-old patient having short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing
(SUNCT) syndrome.
Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain Published Online: 11 Feb 2009
To determine the incidence and types of head or neck trauma and headache characteristics among US Army soldiers evaluated for chronic headaches at a military neurology clinic following a combat tour in Iraq.
International Journal of Cardiology Volume 132, Issue 2, Pages 216-220 (20 February 2009)
There is increasing evidence that cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs) play an important role in the pathophysiology of acute ischaemic stroke. We examined the prognostic value of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) on in-hospital mortality in patients with ischaemic stroke.
Hyperintense vessels (HV) on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery imaging are frequently observed in acute ischemic stroke patients. However, the exact mechanism and clinical implications of this sign have not yet been clearly defined. The features of HV and its relevance to other imaging factors are presented here.
Published online before print November 26, 2008, doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000336341.72621.db
Associations between peripheral neuropathy and restless legs syndrome (RLS) have been described, but have not been consistently reproduced. If RLS prevalence is truly increased by neuropathy, this has important implications for RLS
pathophysiology.
Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) is a progressive, late-onset neurodegenerative disease that affects older carriers of premutation
(CGG) repeat expansions of the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene.
The clinical characteristics of sporadic brachial plexus neuropathy (S-BPN) and hereditary brachial plexus neuropathy
(H-BPN) are similar. During attacks, inflammation of the brachial plexus nerves has been identified in both conditions.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 30:290-296, February 2009
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has been widely used to investigate the development of white matter (WM). However, information about this development in healthy children younger than 2 years of age is lacking, and most previous studies have only measured fractional anisotropy (FA).
American Journal of Neuroradiology 30:303-307, February 2009
Patients with intracranial aneurysms are at risk for future development of new aneurysms and growth of additional untreated aneurysms. Because in previous long-term studies duration of follow-up varied widely, the time interval after which screening could be effective remains largely unknown.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 30:271-275, February 2009
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a persistent infection of the central nervous system by the measles virus. Patients in the initial stages of SSPE show behavioral symptoms and usually normal cranial MR imaging findings.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 30:367-372, February 2009
MR image-guided gamma knife radiosurgery is often used to treat intra-axial metastatic
neoplasms. Following treatment, it is often difficult to determine whether a progressively enhancing lesion is due to metastatic tumor recurrence or radiation necrosis.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 30:378-385, February 2009
The incidence of cerebral hyperperfusion and hypoperfusion, respectively, resulting from hypercapnia and hypocapnia in hospitalized patients is unknown but is likely underrecognized by radiologists and clinicians without routine performance of quantitative perfusion imaging.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 30:404-410, February 2009
Patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are at risk for developing Alzheimer disease (AD). To diagnose AD at an early stage, one must develop highly specific and sensitive tools to identify it among at-risk subjects.
There has been a growing interest in the neuroimaging community regarding resting state data (i.e., passive mental activity) and the subsequent activation of the so-called default mode network
(DMN).
It has been reported that following rehabilitation, only 7% of stroke survivors are able to walk at a level commensurate with community participation. Previous research indicates that treadmill and overground walking training can improve walking capacity in people living in the community after stroke.
Detecting signs of learning in persons with a diagnosis of post-coma vegetative state and profound motor disabilities could modify their diagnostic label and provide new hopes.
Acquired brain injury (ABI) is associated with significant cognitive,
behavioural, psychological and physical impairment. Hence, it has been important to leverage assessment approaches in rehabilitation by using current and emerging technologies, including virtual reality
(VR). A number of VR rehabilitation programmes have been designed in recent years, mainly to improve upper limb function.
To examine initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score and its relationship with later cerebral atrophy in children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) using Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
(QMRI) at 4 months post-injury.
Research suggests that post-concussive syndrome may become persistent after mild traumatic brain injury
(mTBI). The aim of this study was to investigate determinants of subjective complaints, characteristic for post-concussive syndrome, 23 years after
mTBI.
Although family involvement is frequently identified as a key element of successful rehabilitation, questions remain about 'how' clinicians can best involve them.
Autosomal dominant lateral temporal epilepsy (ADLTE) or autosomal dominant partial epilepsy with auditory features
(ADPEAF) is an inherited epileptic syndrome with onset in childhood/adolescence and benign evolution.
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 16, Number 3, March 2009 , pp. 324-329(6)
Towards the end of the 20th century, the city of Dijon, France, had a lower incidence of stroke than that found in other studies. It was hypothesized that genetic and environmental factors were responsible for this so-called French paradox.
The Eyes of Wellness is a calendar of original art created by Resident-Neighbor artists at Northeast Center for Special Care.
Learn more about this beautiful calendar, and the artists. Find out about our nationally recognized Art Studio, and Download a new calendar page every month.
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 16, Number 3, March 2009 , pp. 353-359(7)
With the aid of assistive technology, some patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
(ALS) are able to live for several years past the lowest measurable level of function on the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale - Revised
(ALSFRS-R), a widely used end-point in ALS assessment.
Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy 0930-1038 (Print) 10.1007/s00276-009-0465-3
The aim of this study is to investigate the sulcal and the gyral anatomy of the orbitofrontal cortex with its arterial supply. Ten gross formaline fixed adult brains (20 hemispheres) were used to show the gyral and sulcal anatomy of the inferior frontal lobe, and its arterial supply.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:141-144
Levodopa induced dyskinesias (LID) are a common problem which ultimately limit the effective treatment of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). There is accumulating evidence that LID develop due to abnormal synaptic plasticity, which is in turn influenced by the release of brain derived neurotrophic factor
(BDNF).
Aging Health February 2009, Vol. 5, No. 1, Pages 43-49
Transcranial sonography (TCS) is able to image in B-mode infratentorial and supratentorial structures, and can be used for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of various intracranial pathologies.
International Journal of Cardiology Volume 132, Issue 1, Pages 109-113 (6 February 2009)
In atrial fibrillation (AF) patients stroke is nearly twice as likely to be fatal as non-AF patients and functional deficits are more likely to be severe among survivors.
In the Western world, the Bobath Concept or neurodevelopmental treatment is the most popular treatment approach used in stroke rehabilitation, yet the superiority of the Bobath Concept as the optimal type of treatment has not been established.
Posttraumatic epilepsy is a common complication of traumatic brain injury (TBI), occurring in up to 15-20% of patients with severe brain trauma. Trauma accounts for approximately 5% of chronic epilepsy in the community.
We describe a case of functional vitamin B12 deficiency where the repeated measurement of a serum B12 level within the normal range led to delay in the diagnosis of subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord, and possibly permanent neurological damage as a result.
Kleine-Levin syndrome, sometimes referred to as Rip van Winkle disease, is a rare sleep disorder mainly affecting teenage boys in which the main features are intermittent
hypersomnolence, behavioural and cognitive disturbances, hyperphagia and in some cases
hypersexuality.
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 16, Number 3, March 2009 , pp. 330-336(7)
Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with cognitive, psychiatric, and motor features. Each could contribute to a poor sense of well-being and low morale. A systematic study of morale in community-dwelling PD cases has not been performed.
HTLV-1 is a significant global health problem but remains largely confined to endemic areas and risk groups. However, increasing migration may mean that the virus will be encountered more frequently in areas traditionally thought of as virtually free of HTLV-1.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been recognized as a cause of epilepsy since antiquity, and it remains one of the most common and important causes of acquired epilepsy today.
Most patients with epilepsy respond to the initial antiepileptic drug (AED). But, as the responders are discharged, our clinics inevitably accumulate a number of "refractory" patients who require more manipulation of their treatment. This article looks at ways in which the identification and management of refractory epilepsy can be enhanced.
Journal of Child Neurology 2009, doi:10.1177/0883073808330762
The purpose of this prospective, open-label pilot study was to determine whether treatment with levetiracetam improves neuropsychological functioning in children and adolescents who have evidence of subclinical spike production associated with attention and learning difficulties.
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 16, Number 3, March 2009 , pp. 416-419(4)
Overlooking a potential diagnosis of cauda equina syndrome (CES) can result in severe long-term neurologic deficits. There is a growing trend to order urgent magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI) scans of the lumbar spine in any patient presenting with signs suspicious for
CES.
Posttraumatic epilepsy presents an ideal target for prevention efforts. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common, characteristics that put people at high risk such as penetrating injury or subdural hematoma or provoked seizures are easily identified, and the latency between the injury and the onset of epileptic seizures is frequently short. Several drugs have been tested for their ability to prevent provoked seizures and epilepsy after TBI.
Neurosurgery: February 2009 - Volume 64 - Issue 2 - p 328-337
Pediatric epilepsy surgery candidates with unilateral congenital or early-acquired brain lesions may present with refractory seizures and generalized electroencephalographic features such as electrical status epilepticus in sleep
(ESES).
Organotin compounds are commonly used in industrial and agriculture. It causes toxic effects on skin, eyes, respiratory system, gastrointestinal system, and nervous system.
Safety and efficacy of carotid artery stenting have still to be fully established. We propose a standardized registry of carotid artery stenting in use at our hospital to evaluate whether the presence of an independent neurologist performing basal, procedural and post-procedural observation increases the accuracy of outcome assessment.
Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 2009 55(1):8-14;
doi:10.1093/tropej/fmn061
Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) score may be used to predict neurodevelopment outcome in infants with birth asphyxia. A total of 140 infants who had a 5 min Apgar score of <7 at birth had detailed motor and neurodevelopment assessment.
We studied the immunologic molecules in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and discussed their evolutional changes in pediatric patients with Rasmussen syndrome (RS).
Extraoperative electrical stimulation is frequently used to identify eloquent areas in patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy who undergo subdural grid evaluation for epilepsy surgery.
Epilepsy creates significant morbidity, disability, and loss of productivity worldwide. Although unpredictable seizures define epilepsy, the cognitive and emotional difficulties encountered by people with epilepsy may have an even greater impact on everyday function.
Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental Published Online: 9 Feb 2009
The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between drug-induced parkinsonism (DIP) and subjective non-motor cognitive impairments in schizophrenia by performing comprehensive assessments of extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) and the subjective cognitive-perceptual functioning.
Although frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitin/TDP-43-positive inclusions
(FTLD-TDP) and Pick’s disease are common pathological substrates in sporadic
FTLD, clinical differentiation of these diseases is difficult. We performed a retrospective review of medical records and semiquantitative examination of neuronal loss of 20 sporadic FTLD-TDP and 19 Pick’s disease cases.
Journal of Neurosurgery February 2009 Volume 110, Number 2
The authors report long-term follow-up seizure outcome in patients who underwent corpus callosotomy during the period 1981-2001 at the Montreal Neurological Institute.
Current Opinion in Neurology:Volume 22(1)February 2009p 90-95
Extra-intracranial bypass surgery has regained significant relevance over the past years. The aim of this review is to highlight the current indications and recent developments in this field.
Current Opinion in Neurology:Volume 22(1)February 2009p 103-108
This brief review highlights some factors affecting the short-term and long-term outcomes after endovascular treatment
(EVT) of patients with intracranial aneurysms.
The sequelae of traumatic brain injury, including posttraumatic epilepsy, represent a major societal problem. Significant resources are required to develop a better understanding of the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms as targets for potential prophylactic therapies.
Southern Medical Journal:Volume 102(2)February 2009pp 150-153
Cerebral vasospasm leading to delayed ischemia is a common and serious complication of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage that often results in increased morbidity and mortality.
Journal of Neurosurgery February 2009 Volume 110, Number 2
The authors prospectively studied the occurrence of clinical and nonclinical electroencephalographically verified seizures during treatment with an intracranial pressure
(ICP)-targeted protocol in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI).
Journal of Neurosurgery February 2009 Volume 110, Number 2
For localization of the epileptogenic zone in cases of focal epilepsy, detailed clinical investigations, imaging studies, and electrophysiological methods are used. If the noninvasive presurgical evaluation provides insufficient data, intracranial electrodes are necessary.
Parkinson disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by bradykinesia and at least one of the following primary features: truncal and limb muscle rigidity, resting tremor, and postural instability.
Neurodegenerative dementias are typically characterized by an insidious onset and a relatively slowly progressive course. Less common are patients with a rapidly progressive course to death.
To examine in vivo levels of {beta}-amyloid (A{beta}) oligomers (oA{beta}) vs monomeric
A{beta} in plasma and brain tissue of patients with sporadic and familial Alzheimer disease (AD) using a new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) specific for
oA{beta}.
In rare cases, adults with normal or almost normal cognition may have giant brain ventricles surrounded by a sliver of brain. Because the usual flow of cerebrospinal fluid
(CSF) is interrupted in these individuals, they may develop alternative CSF pathways to preserve brain function.
Three patients had large confluent areas of signal abnormality on T2-weighted
MRI, including frontal in 2 and frontal and occipital in 1. Patient 1, a woman aged 63 years, experienced hemiparesis with hemianopia 3 years after a diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the breast.
Alzheimer disease (AD) is associated with cognitive decline and increased incidence of seizures. Seizure activity in AD has been widely interpreted as a secondary process resulting from advanced stages of
neurodegeneration, perhaps in combination with other age-related factors.
A 12-year-old girl was seen for a 3-day history of diplopia, right-sided otalgia, and right-sided face numbness that had progressed during the past 24 hours to blindness and proptosis in the right eye.
To investigate transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) measures as clinical correlates and longitudinal markers of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
(ALS).
The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care:Volume 66(2)February 2009pp 298-303
To identify factors determining the clinical characteristics and prognosis of acute subdural hematoma
(ASDH) arising from boxing injuries by comparing with ASDH due to any nonboxing cause.
The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care:Volume 66(2)February 2009pp 304-308
Although some predictive models for patient outcomes after severe traumatic brain injury have been proposed, a mathematical model with high predictive value has not been established. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the most important indicators of prognosis and to develop the best outcome prediction model.
The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care:Volume 66(2)February 2009pp 516-518
Trauma is a major cause of hospitalization in both civilians and military personnel (MP). It constitutes one of the most common causes of work layoffs, lowered efficiency, and handicaps in the civilian as well as the military population. Assessment of injury parameters and severity is useful. It allows for grading, grouping, classification, and assessment of outcomes of trauma patients for comparison with world standards.
Pediatric Blood & Cancer Published Online: 3 Feb 2009
Although radiation therapy is a primary treatment for craniopharyngioma, it can exacerbate existing problems related to the tumor and pre-irradiation management. Survival is often marked by neurologic deficits,
panhypopituitarism, diabetes insipidus, cognitive deficiencies, and behavioral and social problems.
International Journal of Cancer Published Online: 24 Nov 2008
Recent published reports on clinical trials of CPT-11 indicate the effectiveness of this compound, a prodrug of SN-38, against malignant glioma in combination with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody.
J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 20:473-477, November 2008
Delayed hypoxic leukoencephalopathy is an underrecognized syndrome of delayed
demyelination, which is important to consider when delayed onset of neuropsychiatric symptoms follows a hypoxic event.
Neurourology and Urodynamics Published Online: 3 Feb 2009
We assessed the lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and their association with different clinical parameters.
Homocysteine may promote atherosclerosis by exacerbating inflammatory processes within the arterial wall. B-vitamin supplements reduce total plasma homocysteine concentrations
(tHcy), but it is not known whether the treatment also reduces arterial wall inflammation.
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, doi:10.1210/jc.2008-2543
Huntington's disease (HD) is a fatal hereditary neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor, cognitive and behavioral disturbances. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal
(HPA) axis dysfunction could contribute to a number of HD signs and symptoms, however, no data are available on cortisol diurnal variations and secretory dynamics in HD patients.
The recent therapeutic approach in which drug candidates are designed to possess diverse pharmacological properties and act on multiple targets has stimulated the development of the multimodal drugs, ladostigil (TV3326)
[(N-propargyl-(3R) aminoindan-5yl)-ethyl methyl carbamate] and the newly designed multifunctional antioxidant iron
chelator, M-30 (5-[N-methyl-N-propargylaminomethyl]-8-hydroxyquinoline).
Although the concepts of secondary injury and neuroprotection after neurotrauma are experimentally well supported, clinical trials of neuroprotective agents in traumatic brain injury or spinal cord injury have been disappointing.
Schwannomas of the lower cranial nerves are very rare and the dumbbell-shaped ones are even rarer. The authors report their experience in managing such lesions, usually presenting either with intra- and/or extra-cranial extension through an enlarged jugular foramen.
Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology:Volume 68(2)February 2009pp 199-209
To determine the relationship between the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) encephalitis (HIVE) and diffuse poliodystrophy in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome dementia complex, we examined the neuropathologic features in brain autopsy tissue specimens of HIV-1-infected patients with (n = 11) or without HIVE (n = 9).
Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology:Volume 68(2)February 2009pp 210-215
Nijmegen breakage syndrome caused by NBS1 germline mutations is a rare autosomal recessive disease with clinical features that include
microcephaly, increased radiosensitivity, and predisposition to cancer. NBS1 plays a key role in DNA double-strand break repair and the maintenance of genomic stability.
Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology:Volume 68(2)February 2009pp 148-158
Anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) neuropathy is an antibody-mediated
polyneuropathy. We correlated clinical features, immunoglobulin
(Ig) M blood levels, IgM deposition and axonal degeneration in skin biopsies of
anti-MAG neuropathy patients. By confocal microscopy, IgM deposits were found exclusively within
perineurium-enclosed nerves; they were not found on single,
non-perineurium-ensheathed myelinated axons.
From the age of 24 years a young man with a definitive diagnosis of aspartylglucosaminuria
(AGU) presented short-lasting sleep-related paroxysmal events characterized by sudden awakening with a frightened look, hyperventilation, and complex bilateral motor activity.
To determine the clinical characteristics, surgical challenges, and outcome in children younger than 3 years of age undergoing epilepsy surgery in Canada.
Epilepsy prevalence in the developing world is many fold that found in developed countries. For individuals whose conditions failed to respond to pharmacotherapy, surgery is the only opportunity for cure.
Limited data exist on the frequency and outcome of carotid artery disease in Pakistan. Such information would help guide the usefulness of screening for the condition in this low-middle income health care setting.
Journal of Hypertension:Volume 27(2)February 2009p 348-356
The purpose of this study was to develop a new biomechanical index for assessing the elastic characteristics of carotid plaques and to test the association between carotid plaque elasticity and ischemic cerebrovascular events
(ICEs).
Journal of Neurosurgery February 2009 Volume 110, Number 2
The goal of this paper was to investigate the long-term outcome and the possible prognostic factors that might have influenced the persistence of posttraumatic epilepsy after penetrating head injuries sustained during the Iraq-Iran war (1980-1988).
Several recent studies have revealed modulation of the left frontal lobe speech areas not only during speech production but also for speech perception. Crucially, the frontal lobe areas highlighted in these studies are the same ones that are involved in nonfluent aphasia.
Current Opinion in Neurology:Volume 22(1)February 2009p 60-68
In recent years, many epidemiological studies have given new insights into old and new lifestyle factors that influence the risk of cerebrovascular events. In this review, we refer to the most important articles to highlight recent advances, especially those important for stroke prevention.
Current Opinion in Neurology:Volume 22(1)February 2009p 36-40
Homonymous hemianopia is the commonest form of acquired homonymous visual field defect; the usual causes are stroke, head injury and intracranial
tumours. This impairment can affect a variety of cognitive visual functions, including visual search, safe navigation through changing environments and reading.
Current Opinion in Neurology:Volume 22(1)February 2009p 46-53
Transient ischaemic attack (TIA) is increasingly recognized as a harbinger of stroke and an important opportunity for secondary prevention. We have reviewed recent evidence on the burden of TIA and prediction and prevention of stroke in the acute phase.
Journal of Neurotrauma. ahead of print. doi:10.1089/neu.2008.0461
Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) that follows traumatic brain injury (TBI) is thought to be a major contributor to neurocognitive dysfunction that sometimes follows TBI.
Palilalia is a relatively rare pathologic speech behavior and has been reported in various neurologic and psychiatric disorders. We encountered a case of
palilalia, echolalia, and echopraxia-palipraxia as ictal phenomena of left frontal lobe epilepsy.
Current Opinion in Neurology:Volume 22(1)February 2009p 69-74
The high risk of stroke and death in patients with symptomatic intracranial stenosis despite medical therapy has spurred interest in endovascular treatment approaches.
Recent findings on the clinical, electroencephalography (EEG), neuroimaging, and surgical outcomes are reviewed comparing patients with Palmini type I (mild) and type II (severe) cortical
dysplasia.
Increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability is radiologically detectable in regions affected by drug-resistant epileptogenic lesions. Brain penetration of antiepileptic drugs
(AEDs) may be affected by BBB damage.
Current Opinion in Neurology:Volume 22(1)February 2009p 54-59
Multimodal MRI provides powerful tools to study acute stroke pathophysiology and to guide stroke therapy. In particular, the perfusion-diffusion mismatch has been hypothesized as a target for treatment beyond the 3 h time window.
To redefine benign myoclonus of early infancy (BMEI) through analysis of clinical and neurophysiologic features in 102 patients with the aim to widen the spectrum of the syndrome, including a number of different clinical expressions of transient nonepileptic paroxysmal movements occurring in normal infants.
Journal of Neurosurgery February 2009 Volume 110, Number 2
The authors previously developed an optical stereotactic probe employing near-infrared
(NIR) spectroscopy to provide intraoperative localization by distinguishing gray matter from white matter. In the current study they extend and further validate this technology.
Journal of Neurosurgery February 2009 Volume 110, Number 2
Occipital resections for epilepsy are rare. Reasons for this are the relative infrequency of occipital epilepsy, difficulty in localizing epilepsy originating in the occipital lobe, imprecisely defined seizure outcome in patients treated with focal occipital resections in the MR imaging era, and concerns about producing visual deficits.
Current Opinion in Neurology:Volume 22(1)February 2009p 11-18
Advances have been made in the treatment of primary optic nerve tumours. With a focus on the last few years' publications, recommendations for clinical management are being developed.
Journal of Neurosurgery February 2009 Volume 110, Number 2
To establish a new method for the diagnosis of central nervous system diseases, the authors visualized the cerebral cisterns and ventricles via a percutaneous lumbosacral route by using newly developed fine, flexible
fiberscopes.
Journal of Neurosurgery February 2009 Volume 110, Number 2
Pituitary adenomas represent a large proportion of brain tumors that are increasing in incidence because of improved imaging techniques. Headache is the primary symptom in patients with large tumors
(macroadenomas), but is also a symptom in patients with small tumors
(microadenomas, tumors < 1.0 cm).
The aim of the current study was to assess the occurrence of infection and its impact on the short- and long-term outcome of patients with supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage
(ICH).
Anosognosia in stroke patients showed a relevant detrimental effect on the rehabilitation course and patients' quality of life, especially in those with brain injury.
Journal of Neuro-Oncology 0167-594X (Print) 10.1007/s11060-009-9796-5
A prospective study of patients with glioma was carried out. Special attention was paid to the first seizure, to the histology, and to the efficacy and prophylactic role of antiepileptic drugs
(AEDs).
Journal of Neuro-Oncology 0167-594X (Print) 10.1007/s11060-008-9791-2
Preclinical data have demonstrated that ionizing radiation acts synergistically with
capecitabine. This report retrospectively assessed the use of capecitabine concurrently with whole-brain radiotherapy
(WBRT) in patients with brain metastases from breast cancer.
Journal of Neuro-Oncology 0167-594X (Print) 10.1007/s11060-008-9794-z
The hypothesis addressed by this study is that a glutamine synthetase (GS) deficiency in neoplastic astrocytes is a possible molecular basis associated with seizure generation in glioblastoma multiforme
(GBM).
PHYS THER Vol. 89, No. 2, February 2009, pp. 162-168
Postural instability while standing, walking, and interacting with objects or the environment places individuals with Parkinson disease (PD) at risk for falls, injuries, and self-imposed restrictions in activity.
Acta Neurologica Belgica 2008, No 4 (Vol. 108/4) p.131-134
Glioblastoma patients undergoing treatment with surgery followed by radiation and temozolomide chemotherapy often develop a state of immunosuppression and are at risk for opportunistic infections and reactivation of hepatitis and herpes viruses.
PEDIATRICS Vol. 123 No. 2 February 2009, pp. 555-56
There is an increasing focus on social and environmental factors that promote and support the early development of highly vulnerable children such as those born very preterm.
Encoding and retention of information in memory are associated with a sustained increase in the amplitude of neuronal oscillations for up to several seconds.
Compression of the brain by swollen temporal muscle used for indirect pial synangiosis is a rare complication after the revascularization surgery for moyamoya disease, and its mechanism and clinical presentation are undetermined.
Social functioning in FTD is profoundly affected, and forms the basis for the clinical diagnosis of the behavioural variant of the disease
(bv-FTD). In particular, there are deficits in emotional processing, but the inter-relationship of such deficits to other aspects of social functioning remains unclear.
Emerging Infectious Diseases Volume 15, Number 2 February 2009
An outbreak of viral encephalitis occurred in northern India in 2006. Attempts to identify an etiologic agent in cerebrospinal fluid by using reverse
transcription-PCR showed positivity to enterovirus (EV) in 66 (21.6%) of 306 patients.
Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology:Volume 68(2)February 2009pp 159-167
CD200 is a membrane glycoprotein that suppresses immune activity via its receptor, CD200R. CD200-CD200R interactions have recently been considered to contribute to the "immune privileged" status of the central nervous system (CNS).
Dural arteriovenous fistulas are fistulas connecting the branches of dural arteries to dural veins or a venous sinus. Digital subtraction angiography remains the gold standard for diagnosing these fistulas.
MRI is a useful supplement to USG for the assessment of fetal brain malformations. Superior soft tissue contrast and the ability to depict sulcation and myelination are the strengths of
MRI. Subtle or inconclusive USG abnormalities can be confirmed or ruled out by
MRI.
{beta}-Amyloid (A{beta}) related pathology shows a range of lesions which differ both qualitatively and quantitatively. Pathologists, to date, mainly focused on the assessment of both of these aspects but attempts to correlate the findings with clinical phenotypes are not convincing.
Alzheimer disease (AD) and related tauopathies are histopathologically characterized by a specific type of slow and progressive
neurodegeneration, which involves the abnormal hyperphosphorylation of the microtubule associated protein (MAP)
tau.
Mutations in COL6A1, COL6A2 and COL6A3, the genes which encode the extra-cellular matrix component collagen VI, lead to Bethlem myopathy and Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy
(UCMD).
The Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project (OCSP) and Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) classifications are widely used for the assessment of major ischaemic stroke.
The purpose of this study was to determine the role of plaques >4 mm and thrombi (complex plaques) in the descending aorta
(DAo) as an embolic high-risk source for stroke.
Acta Neurologica Scandinavica Published Online: 28 Jan 2009
Comparative evaluation of cardiac dysautonomia in spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA) and idiopathic sporadic ataxias (IA) not fulfilling the criteria of multiple system atrophy.
We show that the neurological condition of synaesthesia-which causes fundamental differences in perception and cognition throughout a lifetime-is significantly represented within the childhood population, and that it manifests behavioural markers as young as age 6 years.
Neuroprotective effects of induced hypothermia depend on its time point of initiation after acute brain injury. Preliminary studies in cardiac arrest patients indicate that rapid infusion of ice cold saline (ICS) is safe and effective for induction of hypothermia. We investigated its use in patients with acute ischemic stroke
(AIS).
The cerebellum is part of the cortico-ponto-cerebellar circuit for conjugate eye movements. Recent animal data suggest an additional role of the cerebellum for the control of binocular alignment and
disconjugate, i.e. vergence eye movements.
Optic neuropathy is common in mitochondrial disorders, but poorly characterized in Friedreich's ataxia
(FRDA), a recessive condition caused by lack of the mitochondrial protein
frataxin.
Until recently, the impact of early brain insult (EBI) has been considered to be less significant than for later brain injuries, consistent with the notion that the young brain is more flexible and able to reorganize in the context of brain insult.
The effects of seizures on the hypocretin/orexin system have not yet been investigated in epileptic patients. The present study aimed to assay hypocretin-1 in the cerebrospinal fluid
(CSF) of patients after generalized tonic-clonic (GTC) seizures.
Journal of Neurosurgery February 2009 Volume 110, Number 2
The localization of any given target in the brain has become a challenging issue because of the increased use of deep brain stimulation to treat Parkinson disease,
dystonia, and nonmotor diseases (for example, Tourette syndrome, obsessive compulsive disorders, and depression).
Journal of Neurosurgery February 2009 Volume 110, Number 2
The authors analyzed deep brain stimulation electrode trajectories on MR images to identify risks of cerebrovascular complications associated with the number of electrode insertions, traversal of a
sulcus, and penetration of the ventricle.
Journal of Clinical Oncology, 10.1200/JCO.2008.19.2195
To evaluate long-term survival in a prospective series of patients newly diagnosed with glioblastoma and treated with a combination of lomustine
(CCNU), temozolomide (TMZ), and radiotherapy.
Inadequacies of the current pharmacotherapies to treat Parkinson's disease (PD) have prompted efforts to identify novel drug targets. The adenosine A2A receptor is one such target. Antagonists of this receptor (A2A antagonists) are considered promising agents for the symptomatic treatment of PD.
The heterogeneous group of 3-methylglutaconic aciduria type IV consists of patients with various organ involvement and mostly progressive neurological impairment in combination with 3-methylglutaconic aciduria and biochemical features of dysfunctional oxidative
phosphorylation.
Tourette syndrome (TS) is a developmental disorder characterized by unwanted, repetitive behaviours that manifest as stereotyped movements and vocalizations called ‘tics’.
Assessment of risk predictors for adverse neurodevelopmental outcome at 1 year of age in preterm infants with a gestational age <30 weeks (Group I) and 30-32 weeks (Group II).
Magnetic Resonance in Medicine Published Online: 3 Feb 2009
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diffusion into periventricular white matter is one of the pathophysiological features of hydrocephalus of any kind. In standard clinical routine periventricular
hyperintensities, size of the ventricular system, and invasive CSF pressure measurement are the key diagnostic methods.
Magnetic Resonance in Medicine Published Online: 3 Feb 2009
The aim was to investigate the effects of echo time (TE) on diffusion quantification of brain white matter. Seven rhesus monkeys (all males; age, 4-6 years; weight, 5-7 kg) underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) with a series of TEs in 1.5T and 3.0T MR scanners.
Journal of Neurosurgery February 2009 Volume 110, Number 2
The authors report on a patient with craniocervical dystonia who was treated with bilateral GPi stimulation, with excellent improvement in dystonia but at the cost of stimulation-induced, reversible parkinsonism.
Our aims were to: (1) estimate the prevalence of essential tremor (ET) in a community-based study in northern Manhattan, New York, N.Y., USA; (2) compare prevalence across ethnic groups, and (3) provide prevalence estimates for the oldest old.
To investigate whether thin-section axial double inversion-recovery (DIR) brain magnetic resonance
(MR) imaging at 3.0 T can help distinguish the primary motor cortex (PMC), or Brodmann area 4, from other selected cortical regions, including the primary sensory cortex
(PSC), or Brodmann areas 1-3, on the basis of the presence of a "triple-layer" appearance.
Journal of Clinical Microbiology, February 2009, p. 511-513, Vol. 47, No. 2
We describe a case of brain abscesses with gas formation following otitis media, for which the patient treated himself by placing clay in his ear. Several microorganisms, including Clostridium
glycolicum, were cultured from material obtained from the patient.
The prevalence of disease subtypes of spinocerebellar degenerations (SCDs) varies between countries, and even between areas within a country. We report unprecedented epidemiologic data on SCDs in the Hokuriku district, which is located in the central, western part of Japan.
Cephalalgia, Volume 29, Number 3, March 2009 , pp. 308-313(6)
Almost all mutations in the SCN1A gene, encoding the {alpha}1 subunit of neuronal voltage-gated NaV1.1 sodium channels, are associated with severe childhood epilepsy. Recently, two mutations were identified in patients with pure familial hemiplegic migraine
(FHM).
To evaluate the efficacy of oxcarbazepine (OXC) in the treatment of agitation and aggression in patients with Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia or both.
Cephalalgia, Volume 29, Number 3, March 2009 , pp. 300-307(8)
Hemicrania continua (HC) is a primary headache disorder characterized by a continuous, moderate to severe, unilateral headache and defined by its absolute responsiveness to
indomethacin. However, some patients with the clinical phenotype of HC do not respond to
indomethacin.
Journal of Neurosurgery February 2009 Volume 110, Number 2
Risk factors for deep brain stimulator (DBS) infection are poorly defined. Because DBS implants are not frequently performed in the MR imaging-equipped operating room (OR), no specific data about infection of DBS implants performed in the MR imaging environment are available in the literature.
Spontaneous cervical artery dissection (sCAD) is a nonatherosclerotic vascular disease of unknown etiology. Mild elevation of total plasma homocysteine
(tHcy) levels may be a risk factor for sCAD, but the precise mechanism remains unknown.
Follow-up is critically important for stroke survivors with diabetes, yet there is limited research about the quality of diabetes care that these patients receive. We investigated performance on diabetes quality of care indicators for stroke survivors overall and by race.
Journal of Neurosurgery February 2009 Volume 110, Number 2
The authors systematically reviewed the published literature to evaluate the efficacy of and adverse effects after motor cortex stimulation (MCS) for chronic neuropathic pain.
The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of medial temporal lobe atrophy
(MTA) on MRI for distinguishing Alzheimer's disease from other dementias in autopsy confirmed cases, and to determine pathological correlates of MTA in Alzheimer's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies
(DLB) and vascular cognitive impairment (VCI).
We have noted the presence of small strip-like infarcts involving the cortex within the interdivisional territory of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and sometimes extending to the periventricular region.
Neurosurgery: February 2009 - Volume 64 - Issue 2 - p 231-240
Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVM) are managed with endovascular
embolization, microsurgical resection, stereotactic
radiosurgery, or combinations that vary widely.
To examine the prospective relation of caregiver problem-solving abilities and relationship satisfaction to caregiver depression 1 month following care recipient discharge from an inpatient stroke rehabilitation facility.
To study the effects of flavonoid, isolated from aerial parts of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi
(SSF), on memory impairment, neuronal damage, free radicals and energy metabolite disorders in aged rats.
It would be logical to assume that patients with intracranial abnormalities (i.e. complicated
MTBIs) would have worse outcome than patients without these abnormalities (i.e. uncomplicated
MTBIs).
To investigate the safety, tolerability and efficacy of rivastigmine capsules (3-12 mg/day) in a 26-week, multi-centre, open-label extension of a double-blind study.
This study aimed at investigating the long-term effects of the combination of severity of injury and time of injury in a 6-year-old bilingual Arabic-Italian child who sustained a severe left traumatic brain injury at the age of 7 months.
Electromagnetic articulography was employed to investigate the strength of articulatory coupling and hence the degree of functional movement independence between individual articulators in apraxia of speech
(AOS).
The goal of the present study was to assess the impact of mild traumatic brain injury
(MTBI) on episodic memory performance in relation to attentional and executive control processes in young adults.
The researchers sought to determine whether individuals with impaired consciousness secondary to acquired brain injury
(ABI) changed in responsiveness when purposefully presented with familiar, unfamiliar and synthetic voice messages.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can induce long-term severe disorders of consciousness. Evidence suggests an underlying dopaminergic deficit. Dopamine agonists may therefore play an important role in recovery of consciousness.
Can the concept of 'partial' PTSD explain the disparity between the relatively high incidence of PTSD found using self-report questionnaires and the relatively low incidence using structured interview?
Detecting signs of learning in persons with a diagnosis of post-coma vegetative state and profound motor disabilities could modify their diagnostic label and provide new hopes. In this study, three adults with such a diagnosis were exposed to learning assessment to search for those signs.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 278, Issue 1, Pages 102-106 (15 March 2009)
The association fiber tracts integrity of the inter-hemispheric and within-hemispheric communication was poor understood in amnestic type mild cognitive impairment
(aMCI) patients by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 278, Issue 1, Pages 96-101 (15 March 2009)
Chagas disease cardiomyopathy is a common form of dilated cardiomyopathy worldwide, and an important cause of stroke in Latin America. The long-term cumulative risk of ischemic cerebrovascular event (ICE) and its relation to left ventricular (LV) dysfunction have not been determined.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 278, Issue 1, Pages 91-95 (15 March 2009)
Genistein is a major isoflavone compound from soybean. We investigated the anti-inflammatory properties of genistein in primary astrocytes treated with
hemolysate.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 278, Issue 1, Pages 85-90 (15 March 2009)
The N-terminal cleavage product of human insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in the brain is the tripeptide molecule
Glypromate(R) (Gly-Pro-Glu). Glypromate(R) has demonstrated neuroprotective effects in numerous in vitro and in vivo models of brain injury and is in clinical trials for the prevention of cognitive impairment following cardiac surgery.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 278, Issue 1, Pages 82-84 (15 March 2009)
This paper aims to determine the frequency of isolated labyrinthine infarction as an initial manifestation of anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) territory infarction and discuss its clinical implication.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 278, Issue 1, Pages 77-81 (15 March 2009)
We analysed the phenotypic spectrum of 19 AOA2 patients with mutations in SETX, which seems to be the third most frequent form of ARCA in Algeria after Freidreich ataxia and Ataxia with vitamin E deficiency.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 278, Issue 1, Pages 71-76 (15 March 2009)
We investigated the long-term effects and predictive indices of efficacy of tibial nerve neurotomy in a large series of patients with post-stroke
hemiplegia.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 278, Issue 1, Pages 60-63 (15 March 2009)
Hyperhomocysteinemia is known to be an independent risk factor for arteriosclerosis. However, the prognosis of functional disability in cerebrovascular disease has not been well established.
Epilepsy Research Volume 83, Issue 2, Pages 249-256 (February 2009)
We determined long-term outcome and the predictive value of baseline and EEG characteristics on seizure activity evolution in 47 children with newly diagnosed childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) included in the Dutch Study of Epilepsy in Childhood.
Epilepsy Research Volume 83, Issue 2, Pages 243-248 (February 2009)
The neuropathology of hypoglycemia and its mechanisms have been well studied. However, the physiopathogenesis of hypoglycemia-related seizures has escaped elucidation.
Epilepsy Research Volume 83, Issue 2, Pages 235-242 (February 2009)
Stereotactic radiofrequency amygdalohippocampectomy (AHE) has been reintroduced as an alternative treatment of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. The aim of this study was to describe MRI changes after stereotactic AHE and to correlate the hippocampal and amygdalar volumes reduction with the clinical seizure outcome.
Epilepsy Research Volume 83, Issue 2, Pages 224-234 (February 2009)
Zonisamide (ZNS) is a multi-target antiepileptic drug reported to be efficient in the treatment of both partial and generalized seizures, with T-type Ca2+ channel blockade being one of its proposed mechanisms of action.
Epilepsy Research Volume 83, Issue 2, Pages 215-223 (February 2009)
Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR) may represent a perspective target for anticonvulsant therapy but spectrum of their anticonvulsant effects is not sufficiently known.
Epilepsy Research Volume 83, Issue 2, Pages 207-214 (February 2009)
Brain excitability diseases like epilepsy constitute one factor that influences brain electrophysiological features. Cortical spreading depression
(CSD) is a phenomenon that can be altered by changes in brain excitability.
Epilepsy Research Volume 83, Issue 2, Pages 198-206 (February 2009)
Hemimegalencephaly is an epileptic encephalopathy which presents during the neonatal period. Our aims are to analyze interictal fast oscillations and EEG patterns in neonates and infants with
hemimegalencephaly.
Epilepsy Research Volume 83, Issue 2, Pages 190-197 (February 2009)
People with epilepsy may experience an altered pattern of mortality due to cancer. We determined cancer mortality in two distinct populations with epilepsy:
(i) an institutionalised cohort with severe epilepsy (SEC) and (ii) another cohort with presumed milder epilepsy
(MEC).
Epilepsy Research Volume 83, Issue 2, Pages 184-189 (February 2009)
The effects of lateralization and localization of the epileptic focus, drug load of antiepileptic drug treatment and seizure frequency were examined on the performance of children with epilepsy on the Rey-Osterrieth complex figure test.
Epilepsy Research Volume 83, Issue 2, Pages 177-183 (February 2009)
The aims of the study were to evaluate the detectability of focal leading activity in three cases of West syndrome having focal abnormal activity on EEG by comparing subtraction ictal images and raw ictal images, and to interpret the results in 16 cases.
Epilepsy Research Volume 83, Issue 2, Pages 168-176 (February 2009)
To use proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) to measure in vivo temporal lobe GABA and glutamate plus glutamine
(GLX) concentrations in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy
(TLE) attributable to unilateral hippocampal sclerosis (HS) before and following anterior temporal lobe resection
(ATLR).
Epilepsy Research Volume 83, Issue 2, Pages 152-156 (February 2009)
Autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (ADNFLE) is known to be partly caused by mutations in the transmembrane domain (TM) 1-3 of the genes of the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
(nAChR) {alpha}4-subunit (CHRNA4), {alpha}2-subunit (CHRNB2) and {alpha}2-subunit (CHRNA2).
Epilepsy Research Volume 83, Issue 2, Pages 144-151 (February 2009)
Over-expression of blood-brain barrier (BBB) efflux transporters following a status epilepticus has been described in one case report as well as in animal models with electrical, or chemical induction of status
epilepticus.
Epilepsy Research Volume 83, Issue 2, Pages 124-132 (February 2009)
To compare 2.5mg and 5.0mg single-dose pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD) and tolerability of an intranasal (IN) midazolam formulation, to a 2.5-mg intravenous (IV) dose.
Epilepsy Research Volume 83, Issue 2, Pages 112-116 (February 2009)
To report on the first multicenter Italian experience with zonisamide as an add-on drug for refractory generalised or partial epilepsy in children, adolescents and young adults.
Epilepsy Research Volume 83, Issue 2, Pages 103-111 (February 2009)
The anticonvulsant sodium channel blocker lamotrigine (LTG) increases resting motor threshold
(RMT) measured using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the motor cortex in humans.
Neurocysticercosis accounts for 30%–50% of all late-onset epilepsy in endemic countries. We assessed the clustering patterns of Taenia solium human cysticercosis seropositivity and seizures around tapeworm carriers in seven rural communities in Peru.
Tumefactive demyelinating lesions (TDLs) are misdiagnosed frequently. To investigate the characteristics of
TDLs, clinical and radiological data from nine cases with TDLs were analyzed after admission.
Electrophysiological (EEG/MEG) imaging challenges statistics by providing two views of the same underlying
spatio-temporal brain activity: a topographic view (EEG/MEG) and tomographic view (EEG/MEG source reconstructions).
Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) methods observe hemodynamics in the brain by measuring light transmission through the scalp, skull, and brain. Thus, separating signals due to heart pulsations, breathing movements, and systemic blood flow fluctuations from the desired brain functional responses is critical to the fidelity of the derived maps.
Neurocritical Care 1541-6933 (Print) 10.1007/s12028-009-9189-9
Perimesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage (P-SAH) is a benign subset of subarachnoid hemorrhage with a favorable prognosis and low rate of re-bleeding.
We describe the clinical features and MR-imaging findings of spontaneous spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage located in the lumbar spine associated with subdural hematoma at a higher, thoracic level in a 66-year-old man without neurological deficit.
European Radiology 0938-7994 (Print) 10.1007/s00330-009-1296-7
Callosal fibres play an important role in psychomotor and cognitive functions. The purpose of this study was to investigate possible microstructural abnormalities of the corpus callosum in children with developmental delay, who have normal conventional brain MR imaging results.
The alanine to valine mutation at codon 4 (A4V) of SOD1 causes a rapidly progressive dominant form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
(ALS) with exclusively lower motor neuron disease and is responsible for 50% of SOD1 mutations associated with familial ALS in North America. This mutation is rare in Europe. The authors investigated the origin (geographic and time) of the A4V mutation.
In this study we examined changes in the large-scale structure of resting-state brain networks in patients with Alzheimer's disease compared with non-demented controls, using concepts from graph theory.
The polymorphism (rs1800587) in the 5'-flanking regulatory region at -889 of the interleukin-1alpha gene has been shown to be associated with inflammatory diseases and Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Neurocritical Care 1541-6933 (Print) 10.1007/s12028-009-9190-3
It has been reported recently that correlation between brain tissue oxygen (PbtO2) and cerebral perfusion pressure
(CPP) may serve as an indicator of cerebral autoregulation after subarachnoid hemorrhage.
The degree of internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis is an established primary risk factor for embolic stroke. Recent publications suggest that inflammatory features may also play an important role.
The American Journal of the Medical Sciences:Volume 337(1)January 2009pp 11-13
The stroke is the third most common cause of all deaths. In new studies, the importance of hereditary thrombophilic factors on stroke is emphasized. The aim of this study is to determine the role of hereditary thrombophilic factors including factor V Leiden A1691G
(FVL), prothrombin G20210A, and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
(MTHFR) C677T gene mutations in patients with stroke because of cerebral infarct.
Suggestion, a powerful factor in everyday social interaction, is most effective during hypnosis. Subjective evaluations and brain-imaging findings converge to propose that hypnotic suggestion strongly modulates sensory processing.
Successful information processing requires the focusing of attention on a certain stimulus property and the simultaneous suppression of irrelevant information. The Stroop task is a useful paradigm to study such attentional top-down control in the presence of interference.
The aim of this study was to better characterize the influence of the comprehension probe on syntax-related activation patterns observed in fMRI studies of sentence comprehension. In this study, sentence comprehension was assessed by presenting a true/false statement after each sentence.
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is caused by degeneration of anterior horn cells, which leads to progressive muscle weakness. Children with SMA type II do not develop the ability to walk without support and have a shortened life expectancy, whereas children with SMA type III develop the ability to walk and have a normal life expectancy. There are no known efficacious drug treatments that influence the disease course of
SMA.
The proportion of older people in the world is increasing and consequently the number of older drivers is also on the rise. Older people commonly depend upon private motor vehicles for their transport needs and so assessment of older drivers with cognitive impairment is becoming increasingly important.
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is caused by degeneration of anterior horn cells, which leads to progressive muscle weakness. Children with SMA type I will never be able to sit without support and usually die by the age of two years. There are no known efficacious drug treatments that influence the disease course.
Methotrexate (MTX) is an important anticancer drug and the most efficient chemotherapy component in primary CNS lymphoma
(PCNSL). A typical side effect of intravenous high-dose MTX is the occurrence of confluent CNS white matter changes
(WMC).
Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol 27, No 4 (February 1), 2009: pp. 579-584
This open-label, prospective, single-arm, phase II study combined erlotinib with radiation therapy
(XRT) and temozolomide to treat glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and
gliosarcoma.
Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is a well-known clinical syndrome associated with the typical magnetic resonance imaging findings of pachymeningeal enhancement, downward cerebral displacement and subdural fluid collections.
With increasing diagnostic and therapeutic options of Parkinsonian syndromes (PS), evidence-based medicine clinical practice guidelines for Parkinson's disease and related disorders have been published.
Acta Neurologica Belgica 2008, No 4 (Vol. 108/4) p.161-166
An 80-year-old right-handed woman with no history of brain damage or familial strain of left-handedness acutely developed aphasia associated with a left hemiparesis following a right hemisphere stroke.
The frontal assessment battery (FAB) is reported to be a useful tool for screening frontal function. However, the neural substrates involved remain to be elucidated. The aim of the present study was to identify the brain regions responsible for FAB performance in patients with early dementia.
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 3,000 mg daily levetiracetam (LEV;
Keppra) as an adjunctive therapy for Chinese patients with refractory partial seizures.
Despite numerous studies performed in selected populations, major uncertainties regarding the anatomy and patterns of episodic memory deficit still persist. Such objectives require the analysis of consecutive unselected patients with well-delimitated lesions and the use of specific methodology.
One barrier to successful treatment of malignant glioma is resistance to alkylating agents such as
temozolomide. The cytotoxic activity of temozolomide and other alkylating agents is believed to manifest largely by the formation of O6-methylguanine DNA adducts.
We investigated healthy controls (HCs), and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and early Alzheimer's disease (AD) to identify neuronal correlates of clock time representation and changes resulting from neurodegenerative processes using functional magnetic resonance imaging.
Angioplasty and stenting is increasingly being used for the treatment of intracranial
stenoses. Based on a literature search (01/1998 to 04/2008) we sought to determine the immediate and long-term outcomes, as well as the durability of this procedure.
A major concern of intracranial stenting is perforator infarction. It is unclear whether the sustained radial force of a self-expanding stent or subsequent stent restenosis would cause late occlusion of perforators.
Stent placement has been applied in small case series as a rescue therapy in combination with different thrombolytic agents, percutaneous balloon angioplasty (PTA), and mechanical thromboembolectomy (MT) in acute stroke treatment.
Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Volume 14, Number 3 / Winter 2009 - Cardiovascular Disease After SCI 15-31
Fasting blood lipids are the bedrock of cardiovascular disease (CVD) assessment, although the human lifespan is primarily spent in the postprandial state.
Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Volume 14, Number 3 / Winter 2009 - Cardiovascular Disease After SCI 46-57
This review summarizes current thinking and evidence-based recommendations for pharmacotherapy in the treatment of
dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, and glucose intolerance as a basis for their application to individuals with a spinal cord injury (SCI).
Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Volume 14, Number 3 / Winter 2009 - Cardiovascular Disease After SCI 1-14
As life expectancy has increased for persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) in recent decades, health concerns related to aging have begun to play a greater role in the management of this condition.
Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Volume 14, Number 3 / Winter 2009 - Cardiovascular Disease After SCI 84-98
Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) have improved long-term survival and are enjoying the rewards of aging. Associated with improved longevity is the increased likelihood of aging-related chronic diseases.
To determine the involvement of the midbrain and hindbrain (MHB) in the groups of classic
(cLIS), variant (vLIS), and cobblestone complex (CBSC) lissencephalies and to determine whether a correlation exists between the cerebral malformation and the MHB abnormalities.
Patients would come from all over India, perhaps as far as 3 days' journey away, to seek help from an AIIMS doctor, revered as among the most knowledgeable and dedicated in the country.
To determine the pattern of executive dysfunction in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and corticobasal syndrome (CBS) and to determine the brain areas associated with executive dysfunction in these illnesses.
Treatment of neurodegenerative diseases is likely to be most beneficial in the very early, possibly preclinical stages of degeneration. We explored the usefulness of fully automatic structural MRI classification methods for detecting subtle degenerative change.
To understand and quantify the exposure to concomitant medications other than antiepileptic drugs
(AEDs) within an age-diverse group of men and women with epilepsy and explore the likelihood of relevant drug interactions as a result.
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