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We surveyed neuro-oncologists regarding patients treated with temozolomide for at least 12 cycles or 12 months. Patients receiving first-line temozolomide for a median 13 cycles had a median progression-free survival
(PFS) of 14 months. Patients with recurrent disease receiving a median 14 cycles had a median PFS of 15.5 months.
Forty-two stroke patients successively underwent perfusion CT (PCT)/CT angiography
(CTA) and MRI examinations within 3 to 9 hours following symptom onset; 14 would have been suitable candidates for reperfusion treatment based on MRI findings. Correlation between
PCT/CTA and MRI was excellent for infarct size, cortical involvement, and internal cerebral artery occlusion and substantial for penumbra/infarct ratio.
To longitudinally analyze changes in plexiform neurofibroma (PN) volume in relation to age and body growth in children and young adults with neurofibromatosis type 1 and inoperable, symptomatic, or progressive
PNs, using a sensitive, automated method of volumetric MRI analysis.
Paralysis of abdominal muscles is the main cause of respiratory dysfunctions in patients with lower cervical spinal cord lesion. Activation of the abdominal muscles using functional electrical stimulation (FES) improved respiratory function in these patients. But application of FES frequently requires a caregiver, and it may not be well synchronized with the patient's respiratory activity.
To develop a new test to analyse qualitatively grasping strategies in C6/C7 tetraplegic patients, and to quantify the effect of musculo-tendinous transfers.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Volume 25, Issue 2 , February 2007, Pages 147-153
A method to produce gradient encoding schemes that minimize the noise of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) indices for selected fiber orientations has been developed. The accuracy of DTI measurements depends on the gradient encoding scheme used. Most current acquisition schemes contain diffusion directions uniformly distributed in 3D space in order to provide equal noise levels for fibers in any orientation. However, when considering specific fiber bundles such as the corticospinal tract (CST) or parts of fiber bundles, the range of fiber orientations of interest may be limited.
Brain functional imaging methods, such as fMRI, are sensitive to changes in cerebral blood flow
(CBF) that are normally associated with changes in regional neural activation. However, other endogenous and exogenous factors can alter CBF independently of brain neural activity, thus complicating the interpretation of functional imaging data.
Patients with neurofibromatosis 1 frequently require multiple tumor excisions over the course of many years. Minimally invasive techniques of excision offer promise in reducing morbidity and scarring in a group of patients with well-circumscribed benign tumors in aesthetically sensitive areas. The safety and efficacy of endoscopic approaches to a variety of conditions affecting the craniofacial frontal region are well established.
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism Vol. 92, No. 2 636-640
Thyroid function has been related to Alzheimer disease (AD) and neuroimaging markers thereof. Whether thyroid dysfunction contributes to or results from developing AD remains unclear. Variations in the deiodinase type 1 (DIO1) and type 2 (DIO2) genes that potentially alter thyroid hormone bioactivity may help in elucidating the role of thyroid function in AD.
Brain Research Volume 1136, Issue 1 , 9 March 2007, Pages 122-131
To analyze the characteristics of the event-related desynchronization (ERD) and synchronization (ERS) of cortical rhythms during the preparation and execution of a lateralized eye movement, EEG was recorded in normal subjects during a visually guided task.
For a biomarker to serve as an auxiliary or surrogate outcome measure, it must be tightly correlated with and causally related to functional clinical outcome. Vessel recanalization is a potential surrogate outcome marker for functional outcome in trials of thrombolytic and mechanical recanalization therapies in acute stroke, but the correlation of recanalization and clinical outcome has not been previously systematically reviewed.
J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 19:27-35, February 2007
Despite an emerging literature characterizing the neuropsychological profiles of borderline, antisocial, and schizotypal personality disorders, relations between personality disorder traits and neurocognitive domains remain unknown. The authors examined associations among Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III personality disorder scales and eight neuropsychological domains in 161 patients referred for neuropsychological evaluation following closed head injury.
In children with and without infantile spasms, this study determined brain volumes and cell densities in epilepsy surgery patients with tuberous sclerosis complex
(TSC) and cortical dysplasia with balloon cells (CD).
Child's Nervous System, Volume 23, Number 1, January 2007, pp. 59-65(7)
Osteopenia has been reported in children surviving acute lymphoblastic
leukaemia, apparently as consequence of therapy. Few studies have been published on bone mineral density
(BMD) evaluation in children surviving from brain tumours.
Annals of Emergency Medicine Volume 49, Issue 3 , March 2007, Pages 325-332.e1
We evaluate the effect of a modification of the University of California-Davis Pediatric Head Injury Rule on the ability of the decision instrument for pediatric head injury to predict clinically important intracranial injury in an external cohort.
To investigate the relationship between the apolipoprotein (ApoE) 4 allele and memory performance (verbal and nonverbal) in patients with medically intractable temporal lobe epilepsy
(TLE) who underwent temporal lobectomy.
Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics Volume 30, Issue 2 , February 2007, Pages 140-143
We describe the case of a woman with a headache later found to be a result of an intracranial aneurysm. Through this article, we aim to raise awareness regarding the red flags that should lead doctors of chiropractic to suspect the presence of this condition to facilitate appropriate patient management that increases the likelihood of patients' recovery.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of nicardipine prolonged-release implants
(NPRIs) on cerebral vasospasm and clinical outcome after severe subarachnoid hemorrhage.
J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 19:5-20, February 2007
Mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) is characterized by acute physiological changes that result in at least some acute cognitive difficulties and typically resolve by 3 months
postinjury. Because the majority of mild TBI patients have normal structural magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI)/computed tomography (CT) scans, there is increasing attention directed at finding objective physiological correlates of persistent cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms through experimental neuroimaging techniques.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 28:342-347, February 2007
Endovascular treatment (EVT) of carotid cavernous fistulas (CCFs) is based on various techniques, mainly those using detachable balloons. Coronary covered stent grafts have been sporadically used in the intracranial arteries and only 2 traumatic CCFs have been reported in the literature; moreover, there is poor information about the long-term follow-up.
Brain and Cognition Volume 63, Issue 2 , March 2007, Pages 94-122
The prefrontal cortex of the primate frontal lobes provides the capacity for judgment which can constantly adapt behavior in order to optimize its outcome.
Child's Nervous System, Volume 23, Number 1, January 2007, pp. 91-97(7)
The aim of the study was evaluation of surgical treatment of epilepsy measured by changes in quality of life
(QOL) and in seizure frequency and severity.
The purpose of the study described here was to investigate the pathophysiology of
patients' ability to react during the conscious (aura) phase of complex partial seizures (CPS) originating from the temporal lobe.
Although intracerebral hemorrhages are frequent in patients with cerebral venous thrombosis, and lead to worse outcome, predictors of outcome in cerebral venous thrombosis patients with intracerebral hemorrhages have never been evaluated in adequately powered studies.
Psychiatric/behavioral side effects (PSEs) are common in patients taking antiepileptic drugs
(AEDs). The objective of the study described here was to compare the PSE profiles of the newer
AEDs.
Survivors of premature birth have a predilection for perinatal brain injury, especially to periventricular cerebral white matter. Periventricular white matter injury
(PWMI) is now the most common cause of brain injury in preterm infants and the leading cause of chronic neurological morbidity.
A Thr>Pro polymorphism at codon 715 in the coding region of the P-selectin gene has recently been described. Individuals carrying the Pro715 allele were reported to have a reduced risk of myocardial infarction. A possible association of this polymorphism with the risk of ischemic stroke is currently under discussion.
Diabetes is a well-recognized risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Evidence suggests a linear relationship between blood glucose and myocardial infarction, even at blood glucose concentrations below the threshold for diabetes. The relationship between blood glucose concentration and stroke in people without established diabetes has been studied less extensively.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 28:378-381, February 2007
To evaluate the incidence and location of hemorrhagic and ischemic lesions after local intra-arterial (IA) fibrinolysis in patients with acute vertebrobasilar occlusion
(VBO).
American Journal of Neuroradiology 28:355-361, February 2007
Distally located cerebral aneurysms are difficult to treat with preservation of the parent vessel. We report the angiographic results and clinical outcome for 27 patients with peripheral cerebral aneurysms.
The efficacy of oral anticoagulation (OAC) for stroke prevention in patients with nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation (AF) has clearly been established. However, a substantial number of patients with AF who are at high risk for thromboembolic events are not candidates for long-term
OAC.
Acute thromboembolic occlusion of the basilar artery accounts for 6% to 10% of large-vessel stroke in humans. Because of the brain region supplied by this artery, the case fatality rate is the highest for all ischemic stroke subtypes, ranging from 40% to 86%.
Atherosclerotic carotid stenosis has been recognized for the past several decades as being responsible for a significant portion of ischemic stroke, particularly the major and disabling ones.
In this paper, we propose a system for training of stroke patients with unilateral neglect by using technology of virtual reality
(VR). The proposed system is designed to compensate for unilateral neglect.
Because of inability to access a cavernous-carotid fistula through conventional means, a superior ophthalmic vein approach was used to allow access for
embolization. Although there was initially robust flow through both the fistula and the ophthalmic artery on angiography, the flow stopped during the procedure, and the patient was found to have an orbital hemorrhage.
The purpose of this study was the assessment of the health-related quality of life
(HRQoL) of primary caregivers of persons with paraplegia owing to traumatic SCI.
The excitotoxic theory of stroke, which implicated N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors as mediators of excessive Ca2+ entry and neuronal death, generated a great deal of enthusiasm for the prospect of using NMDA receptor antagonists to prevent the associated brain injury.
Critical Care Medicine. 34(12):3029-3033, December 2006
The aim of this study was to quantify the effect of hypertonic saline solution on contused and noncontused brain tissue in patients with traumatic brain injury. We hypothesize that hypertonic saline would increase the volume of brain contusion while decreasing the volume of noncontused hemispheric areas.
Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care. 62(2):277-281, February 2007
Head-injured patients who "talk and die" are potentially salvageable, making their early identification important. This study uses a large, comprehensive database to explore risk factors for head-injured patients who deteriorate after their initial presentation.
Brain Research Reviews Volume 53, Issue 2 , February 2007, Pages 332-336
Manganese is an essential trace element for the development and function of the central nervous system. Alterations in manganese concentrations, whether excessive or deficient, can be accompanied by convulsions.
To describe the clinical and genetic findings in 2 families with autosomal dominant lateral temporal epilepsy and the functional consequences of 2 novel mutations in LGI1.
European Journal of Paediatric Neurology Volume 11, Issue 1 , January 2007, Pages 39-42
The diagnosis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) relies heavily on the appearance of the optic disc. We report eighteen children referred to us over a 3 year period with disc swelling and suspected
IIH. Following a tertiary ophthalmological review, papilloedema was excluded in ten with buried
drusen, disc crowding, pseudopapilloedema, or misinterpretation of normal appearances.
We undertook this case-control study in patients with unilateral spontaneous dissection of the cervical internal carotid artery to investigate spontaneous and endothelium-independent dilation of the
nondissected, contralateral carotid arteries and the ipsilateral brachial artery using high-resolution ultrasound.
Only 2% to 4% of patients with acute ischemic stroke receive thrombolytic therapy resulting from the current strict inclusion criteria among other issues. Safety of intravenous and intraarterial thrombolysis in off-label situations is controversially discussed. We sought to review the reports on such patients regarding intra- and extracranial hemorrhage.
Mx is an index of cerebrovascular autoregulation. It is calculated as the correlation coefficient between slow spontaneous fluctuations of cerebral perfusion pressure (cerebral perfusion pressure=arterial blood pressure-intracranial pressure) and cerebral blood flow velocity.
This review discusses the state of our current knowledge on hemorrhagic transformation (HT) and summarizes key factors to be considered when comparing risk associated with various approaches to revascularization.
Brain Research Volume 1136, Issue 1 , 9 March 2007, Pages 142-153
Covert orienting of spatial attention along the horizontal meridian of the visual field is mediated by a
fronto-parietal neural network. The neural substrates underlying covert orienting of attention along the vertical meridian, however, are less understood.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Volume 88, Issue 1 , January 2007, Pages 70-75
To examine the effects of circuit resistance exercise (CRT) training on muscle strength, endurance, anaerobic power, and shoulder pain in middle-aged men with paraplegia.
An impairment of the central executive system (CES) of working memory (WM) is a common consequence of traumatic brain injury
(TBI), and may also explain deficits in divided attention, long-term memory and executive functions. Here we investigated the efficacy of a rehabilitative program (working memory training:
WMT) targeting the CES in improving WM and other cognitive functions dependent on this system.
To investigate the time course of any positive psychological changes after traumatic brain injury
(TBI) by comparing questionnaire responses in two groups of TBI survivors, early, 1-3 years post-injury and late, 10-12 years post-injury.
The aim of this prospective study was to identify factors that are associated with stroke survivors' own perception of their impairments in various domains.
Children with acquired brain injury (ABI) can experience severe problems in establishing peer relationships. The attitudes peers hold toward a child with an ABI can significantly impact on their willingness to befriend. The present work sought to investigate the attitudes peers hold toward a fictional child with
ABI.
To investigate the long-term (2-15 years) functional outcome of children and young adults who received an early intensive neurorehabilitation programme
(EINP) after a prolonged period of unconsciousness due to severe brain injury; to differentiate between traumatic brain injury
(TBI) and non-traumatic brain injury (nTBI); and to compare the results on two different outcome scales: the Disability Rating Scale (DRS) and the Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended
(GOSE).
To explore the relationship between location and pattern of brain injury identified on MRI and prolonged low response state in children post-traumatic brain injury
(TBI).
Research supports the use of body weight-supported treadmill training (BWSTT) in patients with hemi-paresis and may show promise as a gait training and neuromuscular re-education intervention in the blast-injured, traumatic brain injury
(TBI) population. The purpose of this case study is to document the use BWSTT and goal-directed therapy in the improvement of gait quality, gait speed and maximum distance ambulated in a blast injury survivor with
TBI.
To challenge the Multi-Society Task Force's ruling that a persistent vegetative state
(PVS) can be judged to be permanent for non traumatic brain injury after three months.
To evaluate the association between total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
(LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol to
HDL-C ratio, and non-HDL-C with the risk of ischemic stroke in a large cohort of apparently healthy women.
To analyze medical errors and adverse events occurring in stroke patients and to provide insights into system or stroke-specific processes that can be modified to reduce the likelihood of error and patient harm.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2007;78:303-309
Intraventricular rupture of brain abscesses (IVRBA) remains a catastrophic and fatal complication of bacterial brain abscess (BBA). However, no information has been reported about the risk factors that are predictive of intraventricular rupture.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2007;78:286-294
To investigate the association between extra-hippocampal and hippocampal atrophy in patients with
MTLE, and the effect of side of hippocampal atrophy on
extra-hippocampal atrophy.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2007;78:280-285
To evaluate the risk and predictors of sICH after IAT by using urokinase in a large number of patients presenting with the whole spectrum of cerebral vessel occlusions.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2007;78:277-279
To determine whether central periodic breathing (CPB) is associated with acute involvement of any particular part of the brain, or the extent of total damage in patients with acute stroke.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2007;78:271-276
Whether use of oral contraceptives is a risk factor for arterial ischaemic stroke is controversial. In particular, few data are available on what criteria should be adopted to establish an individual profile of risk before the start of oral contraceptives.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2007;78:253
During an outbreak of dengue viral infection in India, a 68-year-old woman presented with fever and myalgia for 4 days and altered sensorium for 1 day. At presentation, she was comatose with a Glasgow Coma score of 6. Physical examination showed high fever (39°C), mild conjunctival injection and
hepatosplenomegaly.
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) non-invasively provides information on the biochemical profile (typically including up to nine metabolites and mobile lipids) of brain tissue, which varies according to the underlying disease process.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Volume 25, Issue 2 , February 2007, Pages 238-243
We describe a lesion with the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of a glioblastoma mutiforme and demonstrate how perfusion MRI and proton MR spectroscopic imaging can be used to differentiate necrotizing cerebritis from what appeared to be a high-grade
glioma.
Journal of Neurotrauma Jan 2007, Vol. 24, No. 1 : 43 -53
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the most common cause of traumatic death in infancy, and inflicted TBI
(iTBI) is the predominant cause. Like other central nervous system pathologies, TBI changes the composition of cerebrospinal fluid
(CSF), which may represent a unique clinical window on brain
pathophysiology.
Journal of Neurotrauma Jan 2007, Vol. 24, No. 1 : 28 -42
The clinical manifestations of inflicted traumatic brain injury in infancy most commonly result from intracranial hemorrhage, axonal stretch and disruption, and cerebral edema.
Brain injury is common in newborns with congenital heart disease (CHD) requiring neonatal surgery. The purpose of this study is to define the risk factors for preoperative and postoperative brain injuries and their association with functional cardiac anatomic groups.
Lacunar infarcts (LACs) and deep intracerebral hemorrhages (DICHs) occur in the same structures and may result from the same pathology. It is unclear why one patient has an LAC while another has
DICH. We compared LAC to DICH cases derived from a population-based incidence study.
Multiple ischemic lesions identified by diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) have been shown to predict high risk of future ischemic events. However, the importance of lesion age has not been factored into this risk.
The role of anticoagulant treatment for acute cardioembolic stroke is uncertain. We performed an updated meta-analysis of all randomized trials to obtain the best estimates of the efficacy and safety of anticoagulants for the initial treatment of acute cardioembolic stroke.
Journal of Neurotrauma Jan 2007, Vol. 24, No. 1 : 75 -86
The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) are widely used clinical scoring systems to measure the severity of neurologic injury after traumatic brain injury
(TBI), but have recognized limitations in infants and small children. Cerebrospinal fluid
(CSF) concentrations of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S100B show promise as markers of brain injury.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 28:321-327, February 2007
Diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWI) has emerged as tool for noninvasive and early detection of neuronal alterations. The aim of this study was to investigate the evolution of acute phase changes in different brain regions during experimental status epilepticus (SE) using DWI correlated with SE-induced neuronal cell loss.
Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery Volume 109, Issue 2 , February 2007, Pages 210-213
The authors present an extremely rare case of kissing aneurysms associated with fenestration of the distal basilar artery. The two aneurysms were successfully treated with endovascular coil
embolization.
Journal of Hypertension. 25(3):551-556, March 2007
The platelet GPIIIa plays a pivotal role in platelet aggregation. Previous studies showed an association between the GPIIIa PlA1/A2 polymorphism and coronary thrombosis, while there is only contrasting evidence about its role in stroke. We explored the possibility that this polymorphism represents a risk factor for stroke in hypertensive patients.
Acidosis is a common feature of neurological conditions including brain ischemia, epileptic seizures, and
neurotrauma. Activation of Ca2+-permeable acid-sensing ion channels (ASIC1a) is involved in acidosis-mediated ischemic brain injury.
Ischemic tolerance in the brain, in which sub-threshold insults increase resistance to subsequent injurious ischemia, is a powerful adaptive defense that involves an endogenous program of
neuroprotection.
Local environmental conditions contribute to the activation state of cells. Extracellular matrix glycoproteins participate in cell-cell boundaries within the microvascular and extravascular tissues of the central nervous system and provide a scaffold for the local environment.
Baseline severity-adjusted end point analysis, an emerging approach to the evaluation of primary end points in acute stroke trials, offers a novel means of adjusting trial analysis for baseline imbalances in presenting stroke severity among treatment groups, a factor that has complicated interpretation and reception of the results of the pivotal National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke tissue plasminogen activator
(NINDS-tPA) trials.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 28:368-370, February 2007
The purpose of this study was to compare obtained packing densities of aneurysms treated with the newly introduced GDC 360° coils with packing densities of aneurysms treated with either complex
Orbit/Trufill coils or helical GDC 10 coils.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 28:371-377, February 2007
We report our experiences in the treatment of intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) with Onyx embolization before
neuro- or radiosurgery, focusing on the embolization technique with Onyx.
NEUROLOGY 2007;68:484-488Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a 20-year-old technique originally introduced to noninvasively investigate nervous propagation along the corticospinal tract, spinal roots, and peripheral nerves in humans.
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