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Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery Volume 109, Issue 2 , February 2007, Pages 195-199
The authors report on the first such case of ganglioglioma and a malignant variant in the same individual without prior irradiation. Gangliogliomas are frequently encountered in children and young adults and have a predilection for the temporal lobes. Sporadic cases of malignant degeneration have been reported; however, most cases have undergone radiation or subtotal resection.
American Journal of Surgical Pathology. 31(2):322-325, February 2007
An isolated, well-differentiated ectopic cerebellum arising outside the posterior fossa is extremely rare. We present a unique case of ectopic cerebellum in 25-year-old woman with
hypertelorism, skull deformation, and a longstanding history of epileptic seizures. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a mass lesion at the base of the frontal lobes with no apparent connections to the adjacent brain structures.
Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery Volume 109, Issue 2 , February 2007, Pages 200-202
We report a patient with genetically confirmed Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) who developed a previously unreported feature of a mixed sleep apnea. Initial mutation analysis, by
PCR, of the parental frataxin alleles showed an apparent de novo mutation in the maternal
germline.
Journal of Neurotrauma Jan 2007, Vol. 24, No. 1 : 97 -105
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in infants and toddlers is frequently explained by child abuse. This study compared 6-month outcome in children with inflicted TBI
(iTBI) or non-inflicted TBI (nTBI) who were injured before 3 years of age, and assessed the relationship between outcome and serum concentrations of neuron-specific enolase
(NSE), S100B, and myelin-basic protein (MBP).
To analyze the likelihood of recovery and prognostic factors in patients with massive anticoagulation-associated intracerebral hemorrhage treated with surgical evacuation after reversal of anticoagulation.
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia. It is associated with increased risks of death and stroke; most strokes in AF patients are thought to arise from thrombi in the left atrial appendage.
Although Ca2+ signals are necessary for cell communication and survival, abnormal cellular Ca2+ load can trigger different cell death programs. Ca2+ mediates cell death by activating proteases
(ie, calpains), by reinforcing signals leading to caspase activation or by triggering other catabolic processes mediated by lipases and nucleases.
We analyzed the frequency of cardiac embolic sources in 62 patients with acute lacunar stroke vs 50 controls. In post hoc analysis, 11 patients with lacunar stroke having neither hypertension nor diabetes mellitus
(non-HDM group) had a higher frequency of right-to-left shunt (RLS) (82%) than patients with risk factors for lacunar stroke.
The poor prognosis for recovery of basilar artery thrombosis has led to the adoption at many institutions of intra-arterial thrombolysis as part of clinical care. However, because neither randomized clinical trials nor observational data provide evidence for treatment efficacy and there are substantial risks and costs associated with this procedure, this treatment should only be performed in the context of a randomized, controlled clinical trial subject to appropriate Institutional Review Board review and independent safety monitoring.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 28:348-351, February 2007
Three patients are presented with slowly progressive tetraparesis caused by an intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula with exclusive perimedullary venous drainage. MR imaging showed a swollen cervicothoracic cord with central myelopathy and dilated perimedullary veins.
Journal of the American Society of Nephrology February 14, 2007
Hypertension is a risk factor for stroke in the general population, whereas in hemodialysis patients, higher systolic BP
(SBP) may be protective. Therefore, this study evaluated the relationship between SBP and stroke in individuals with and without chronic kidney disease (CKD) to assess whether this altered relationship exists in earlier stages of CKD.
Current Opinion in Psychiatry. 20(2):131-137, March 2007
We have known for many years that clozapine has a diminished risk of tardive dyskinesia compared with typical
antipsychotics. The last decade has seen the introduction of a number of other atypical
antipsychotics, allowing us to begin evaluating whether they too share this attribute. In addition, the opportunity to use these drugs as first-line treatment permits a more precise means of establishing risk.
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 14, Number 2, February 2007, pp. 224-227(4)
A 49-year-old man presented with episodic hypothermia many years after sustaining a contusional brain injury. Brain magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated the destruction of the anterior parts of the corpus callosum without hypothalamic lesions.
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) mediate tissue injury during acute stroke. Clinical data show that elevated MMPs in plasma of stroke patients may correlate with outcomes, suggesting its use as a biomarker.
Intracerebral hemorrhage is the least treatable form of stroke and is associated with 30% to 50% mortality rate. Early hematoma growth occurs in 18% to 38% of patients scanned within 3 hours of intracerebral hemorrhage onset, and hematoma volume is an important predictor of poor outcome.
Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery Volume 109, Issue 2 , February 2007, Pages 158-165
To analyze long-term results and to determine prognostic factors on seizure outcome in a series of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy
(TLE) who underwent anteromedial temporal lobectomy (AMTL).
To prospectively investigate the extent of flow territories of the contralateral internal carotid artery (ICA) and vertebrobasilar arteries in patients with symptomatic ICA occlusion.
Journal of Neurotrauma Jan 2007, Vol. 24, No. 1 : 106 -118
We evaluated the relationship between clinical features and hypoxic-ischemic injury
(HII) shown by diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) in young children with head trauma, comparing inflicted trauma (IT) to accidental trauma (AT).
Toll-like receptor 4 (Tlr-4) mediates many biological effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which has antitumoral effects on glioblastoma both in vivo and in vitro. However, the precise role of Tlr-4 in these antitumoral effects remains unknown.
To use in vivo imaging methods in mice to quantify intracranial glioma growth, to correlate images and histopathological findings, to explore tumor marker specificity, to assess effects on cortical function, and to monitor effects of chemotherapy.
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) are a relatively common autosomal dominant disorder leading to the formation of vascular malformations in the nervous system.
Shunt valve resistance changes using a specialized magnetic programming device permit noninvasive changes to cerebrospinal fluid drainage. In selected cases between 2001 and 2005, patients and families used shunt valve programming devices at home. This study examines the safety and efficacy of this practice.
Although numerous prestigious medical organizations have called for its abolishment, participation in the sport of boxing has reached an all-time high among both men and women, and its elimination is unlikely in the near future.
It is known that functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) are sensitive to the frontal and temporal language function, respectively. Therefore, we established combined use of fMRI and MEG to make reliable identification of the global language dominance in pathological brain conditions.
To describe the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, various approaches, and outcomes in a retrospective review of a large series of temporomediobasal
(TMB) tumors.
Whether to administer or omit adjuvant whole-brain radiation therapy in conjunction with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in the initial management of patients with one to three newly diagnosed brain metastases is the subject of debate.
Cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is associated with the volume and location of subarachnoid blood clots. Factors that influence the volume of SAH have seldom been studied.
DESPITE ADVANCES IN the treatment of intracranial aneurysms (IA) in recent years, the overall outcome of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage has shown only modest improvement.
To describe the clinical and genetic findings in 2 families with autosomal dominant lateral temporal epilepsy and the functional consequences of 2 novel mutations in LGI1.
In contrast to traditional textbook paradigms, recent studies indicate neuronal damage in classic neuroinflammatory diseases of the brain, such as multiple sclerosis or meningitis.
To analyze white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) tissue organization in patients with fvFTD and tvFTD by means of diffusion tensor imaging and
voxel-based morphometry, and the correlations with neuropsychological and behavioral variables.
International Journal of Rehabilitation Research. 30(1):87-90, March 2007
Myositis ossificans traumatica is a pathological condition characterized by extraskeletal bone formation, induced by major or repeated minor trauma to the muscles.
International Journal of Rehabilitation Research. 30(1):67-70, March 2007
Reaching movements made with hemiparetic upper limbs are often followed by compensatory trunk and shoulder-girdle movements, especially in reach-to-grasp strategies.
International Journal of Rehabilitation Research. 30(1):33-38, March 2007
The objective of this study was to investigate the incidence, and the factors influencing the development, of complex regional pain syndrome-I in the upper extremity in hemiplegic patients within the first 28 weeks following a stroke.
The previously published 'Framework for the conceptual modelling of assistive technology device
(ATD) outcomes' assumes antecedent factors that inform it and influence its component variables. This paper proposes a model of factors influencing consumer predispositions and provider practices related to procuring a particular
ATD, which is the starting point in the framework.
The difficulty of recording service history of rehabilitation devices makes it impractical for prescribing centres to monitor treatment effectively, or implement maintenance and replacement policies that permit safety and economic viability to be fully complementary. An approach to providing such a facility has been investigated, so that specified treatment can be monitored or device replacement matched to the functional activity of the patient.
The purpose was to study the ability of persons with memory impairments after acquired brain injury to learn how to and use electronic aids to daily living
(EADL) and to describe changes in function and quality of life.
In the past, rehabilitative effort after spinal cord injury has focused on maximizing physical functioning related to activities of daily living and self-care, with less emphasis on issues such as care-giving. The number of women becoming pregnant and rearing children after spinal cord injury has increased in recent years, but descriptions of equipment and modifications used in child-care are scarce. Equipment and techniques that enable physical independence in providing infant-care by persons with low-level tetraplegia has not previously been described.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 28:84-86, January 2007
A 36-year-old woman presented with acute-onset right lower extremity
paresthesias, dysarthria, right facial droop, and right hemiparesis. CT and MR imaging of the brain revealed extensive white matter disease and left basal ganglia infarction with dural and leptomeningeal enhancement. Differential considerations included
vasculitis, granulomatous disease, and neoplasm. Chest, abdomen, and pelvis CTs were normal. Right temporal lobe biopsy revealed noncaseating granulomatous inflammation consistent with
neurosarcoidosis.
CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology, Volume 30, Number 1, February 2007, pp. 104-107(4)
We report 2 cases of hemorrhagic complications related to use of the Angio-Seal hemostatic closure device that were successfully managed with
stent-grafts. Two patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage were referred to our departments for endovascular treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms.
The influence of sex on face recognition memory was studied in 49 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, 20 patients with generalized epilepsy, and 32 healthy controls. After learning 20 faces, serially presented for 5 seconds each, subjects had to recognize the 20 among 40 faces (including 20 new faces) immediately and 24 hours later.
The Internet Journal of Anesthesiology. 2007. Volume 11 Number 2
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a disease with many implications for the safe administration of anesthesia and involves considerable morbidity and mortality. Thymectomy is a common surgical procedure in patients with myasthenia gravis.
Controversy continues regarding the safety and efficacy of tissue plasminogen activator
(tPA) for stroke outside major centers. We reviewed charts from 1998 to 2004 of 493 patients admitted with TIA or stroke to our small rural hospital. There was a 4% tPA treatment rate with no symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and zero mortality. IV tPA can be safe and effective in the treatment of acute stroke despite the size of the institution.
To determine the eligibility of patients with ischaemic stroke admitted to the 2nd Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland, for intravenous
thrombolysis; to identify the major exclusions and assess whether organisational changes in the in-hospital stroke pathway and informative campaign in the local community and medical services can increase the number of patients treated; and to establish whether lack of previous experience with thrombolytic treatment or trials is predictive of the low proportion of patients treated.
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 14, Number 2, February 2007, pp. 139-143(5)
We retrospectively evaluated an elliptic centric ordered 3D (ec 3D) magnetic resonance venography
(MRV) technique in comparison to 2D time-of-flight (2D TOF) MRV in patients with presumptive cerebral venous sinus thrombosis
(CVST). Twenty-five patients (mean age 40.6 ± 16.5 years) with presumptive CVST underwent cerebral MRI including 2D TOF and ec 3D
MRV.
Melanotic schwannoma is a rare neoplasm, classifiable as a peripheral nerve sheath tumor, and differentiated from a typical schwannoma by heavy pigmentation. Psammoma bodies can be visualized in more than 50% of melanotic
schwannomas.
Current Opinion in Neurology. 20(1):12-18, February 2007
Advances have been made in identifying how areas involved in processing
vestibular, ocular motor, and visual information are represented in the human cortex as well as the cortical interaction between these systems in healthy subjects.
Journal of Neurotrauma Jan 2007, Vol. 24, No. 1 : 174 -180
Although coagulopathy is known to be the major contributor to a poor outcome of traumatic brain injury
(TBI), the mechanisms that trigger coagulation abnormalities have not been studied in detail.
Current Opinion in Neurology. 20(1):32-39, February 2007
Purpose of the review: Physicians find acute vertigo a diagnostic challenge. This article review recent evidence outlining the clinical presentation of acute central and peripheral dizzy syndromes and suggest when clinicians may consider acute
neuro-imaging.
The authors conducted a retrospective cohort study to determine the incidence, bacteriological features, and risk factors for postcraniotomy meningitis.
Journal of Neurotrauma Jan 2007, Vol. 24, No. 1 : 128 -135
While computed tomography (CT) is the appropriate technique for the urgent detection of hematomas and contusions in the cerebral hemispheres, it is much less effective at documenting diffuse injury and posterior fossa lesions, and is therefore only partially predictive of outcome.
In contrast to traditional textbook paradigms, recent studies indicate neuronal damage in classic neuroinflammatory diseases of the brain, such as multiple sclerosis or meningitis.
Neuroblastoma accounts for 15% of pediatric cancer deaths, and although a few protein-coding genes, such as
MYCN, are involved with aggressive pathogenicity, the identification of novel biological targets for therapeutic intervention is still a necessary prerequisite for improving patient survival.
European Radiology, Volume 17, Number 1, January 2007, pp. 33-38(6)
Assessment was made of the cerebral vascular haemodynamic parameters in patients with a high-flow
extra-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass performed for therapeutic occlusion of the internal carotid artery
(ICA).
European Radiology, Volume 17, Number 1, January 2007, pp. 39-47(9)
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of various iodine contrast concentrations on image quality in computed tomography (CT) perfusion studies. Twenty-one patients with suspicion of cerebral ischemia underwent perfusion CT using two different iodine contrast concentrations: 11 patients received iomeprol 300 (iodine concentration: 300 mg/ml ) while ten received the same volume of iomeprol 400 (iodine concentration: 400 mg/ml). Scan parameters were kept constant for both groups.
APTX gene mutations responsible for ataxia-oculomotor apraxia 1 (AOA1) were identified in a family previously reported with ataxia and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiency.
Sleep Medicine Volume 8, Issue 1 , January 2007, Pages 96-97
A 19-year-old male patient underwent pre-surgical evaluation for drug-resistant left frontal lobe epilepsy. ElectroCorticoGraphic
(ECoG) recordings were performed during wake and full-night sleep, and several seizures were recorded, all characterized by a stereotyped ECoG pattern.
Many daily activities require people to complete a motor task while walking. The purpose of this study was to analyze subjects’ ability to perform motor tasks while walking. Subjects were classified into three different groups.
Current Opinion in Neurology. 20(1):78-82, February 2007
Recent trends in the practice of stroke neurology lay a strong and excessive reliance on data generated from large epidemiological and clinical trials to direct patient care. This article highlights some of the pitfalls of this approach. It discusses the continuing importance of identifying stroke syndromes in implementing individualized patient care.
Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery Volume 109, Issue 2 , February 2007, Pages 182-187
Gelastic seizures are relatively uncommon and rarely observed secondary to frontal lobe lesions. This report presents magnetoencephalography (MEG) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) findings in an adolescent with gelastic seizures secondary to a left anterior cingulate gyrus lesion
Current Opinion in Neurology. 20(1):65-70, February 2007
Purpose of review: In recent years, there has been considerable scientific inquiry regarding transient ischemic attack. In an effort to synthesize at times conflicting data, this paper will review the recent evidence and provide a critical overview of reversible brain
ischemia.
Many factors contribute to the alarmingly high rates of misdiagnosis in the Vegetative State (VS) patient 1. These include the differential diagnosis and definitions, inconsistencies in the assessors' knowledge, expertise and their approaches to the assessment of awareness. Variability in the patient's medical and physical management adds to this confusion, leading to the potential to misdiagnose an aware patient in Minimally Conscious State (MCS) as being in VS. Subsequently, this range of variables leads to inconsistencies in the assessment, clinical diagnosis and management of this patient group.
The purpose of this study was to carefully examine the effects of a complicated vs uncomplicated mild traumatic brain injury
(MTBI) on acute neuropsychological outcome.
The aim of this study was to determine whether a single measurement of level of PTA could distinguish patients more severely injured from those less so, by investigating the effect of PTA on psychometric test performance.
In this case series fMRI was used to examine activation patterns during presentation of a reading comprehension (RC) task in three adult subjects with a history of severe traumatic brain injury
(TBI).
To investigate the relationship between language functions and cognitive and functional outcome and to evaluate the effects of a conventional language rehabilitation programme on aphasic adult patients in the post-acute stage of traumatic brain injury
(TBI).
This study investigated which factors collected early in the acute care setting (age, education, cerebral imaging, Glasgow Coma Scale score) would predict initial impairments of language comprehension and expression in patients with traumatic brain injury
(TBI) of all severity.
To determine the usefulness of select balance and functional mobility measures in predicting fall risk in community dwelling persons with brain injury (BI) and to develop a model to quantify fall risk.
To investigate the association between reported past traumatic brain injury
(TBI) and demographic, neuropsychiatric and criminographic parameters among individuals recently received into custody.
To investigate the psychometric and validity properties and applicability of a modified version of the Marwit-Meuser Caregiver Grief Inventory (MM-CGI) for use with caregivers of patients with acquired brain injury
(ABI).
Research on long-term effects of stroke therapy and rehabilitation requires further standardized instruments for the assessment of patients' recovery regarding psychosocial functioning. To the authors' knowledge, it is the first study which investigates the psychometric properties of the Patient Competency Rating Scale
(PCRS) in stroke.
Baclofen is frequently used in the management of spasticity. When the therapeutic benefit of oral baclofen is not satisfactory, intrathecal administration should be considered. This method reduces side effects due to a reduction in dosage compared to oral administration.
A 38 year old woman presented after 2 weeks with penetrating craniocerebral injury from a six inch nail. She had aphasia and right
hemiplegia. Brain CT scan showed no significant cerebral injury. The nail track was infected. Craniectomy and extraction of the nail along with broad spectrum antibiotics was effective. She had no residual neurologic deficit.
Confabulation can be defined as statements or actions that involve distortions of memories. This paper reviews current theories of confabulation focusing on source monitoring, temporal-context, and retrieval theories. The attributes and criticisms of these three models are discussed.
We investigated the characteristics of language difficulty in frontotemporal dementia
(FTD) by exposing these patients to a new verb in a naturalistic manner and then assessing acquisition of the grammatical, semantic, and thematic matrix information associated with the new word. We found that FTD patients have difficulty relative to healthy seniors in their acquisition of the new verb, but that progressive nonfluent aphasia
(PNFA), semantic dementia (SD), and social/dysexecutive variant (SOC/EXEC) subgroups of FTD demonstrate relatively distinct impairment profiles.
The Clinical Neuropsychologist, Volume 21, Issue 1 January 2007, pages 162 - 189
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) now plays an important role in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, tremor, and
dystonia. DBS may also have a role in the treatment of other disorders such as obsessive-compulsive disorder, Tourette's syndrome, and depression.
The Clinical Neuropsychologist, Volume 21, Issue 1 January 2007, pages 58 - 72
There is a rapidly growing literature using fMRI technology to investigate the various forms of behavioral impairment associated with brain injury and disease. Given this, surprisingly little work has been conducted to examine the influence of neuropathophysiological processes on the fMRI signal.
The Clinical Neuropsychologist, Volume 21, Issue 1 January 2007, pages 38 - 57
Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a neuroimaging technique that utilizes light in the near-infrared spectrum (between 700 and 1000 nm) to detect hemodynamic changes within the cortex when sensory, motor, or cognitive activation occurs.
The Clinical Neuropsychologist, Volume 21, Issue 1 January 2007, pages 9 - 37
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an emerging functional neuroimaging technology offering a relatively non-invasive, safe, portable, and low-cost method of indirect and direct monitoring of brain activity.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 20, Issue 6 December 2006, pages 407 - 414
The aim of this study was to explore how the lumbar cerebrospinal fluid pressure
(CSFP) waves recorded during lumbar infusion compared with the intracranial pressure
(ICP) waves recorded, either during lumbar infusion or during long-term, overnight monitoring.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 20, Issue 6 December 2006, pages 403 - 406
Phenytoin is often used to prevent postcraniotomy seizures, but is not always effective. We investigate changes in plasma phenytoin level
([phenytoin]) following craniotomy. The [phenytoin] in 28 patients who were receiving phenytoin (oral/intravenous) and undergoing a craniotomy were prospectively measured 24 h preoperatively, immediately pre- and
postcraniotomy, 24 and 48 h postoperatively.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 20, Issue 6 December 2006, pages 386 - 390
Knowledge of post-traumatic cerebral haemodynamic disturbances might be beneficial for predicting the management outcome when measuring the basal cerebral arteries blood flow velocity by ultrasonic transcranial Doppler device immediately after severe head injury.
Limb-girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMD) are a heterogeneous group of pathologies. We have identified a cohort of 14 French-Canadian patients from eight different families displaying a novel form of LGMD with an autosomal recessive inheritance.
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 14, Number 2, February 2007, pp. 150-155(6)
The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in cerebral blood flow velocity
(CBFV) and its relation to apolipoprotein E (apoE) 4 allele in mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
Journal of Neurotrauma Jan 2007, Vol. 24, No. 1 : 147 -153
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Western countries. Effective management planning for these patients requires knowledge of TBI epidemiology.
Stem cell and more differentiated neural cell transplantation strategies are an intriguing approach for neural repair to augment rehabilitation interventions after stroke.
Tumors of the skull base are rare in children and adolescents and present a complicated management problem for oncologists and surgeons alike. Surgical resection is an integral component of the management of many pediatric
neoplasms, especially those that are benign or, though not frankly malignant, are locally invasive.
To prospectively evaluate whether subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is associated with a change in the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in normal-appearing brain parenchyma.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Volume 88, Issue 1 , January 2007, Pages 115-119
To investigate the relationship of cardiovascular fitness (Vo2peak), neurologic deficits in balance and leg strength, and body composition to ambulatory function after stroke and to determine whether these relationships differ between those with milder versus more severe gait deficits.
We report the results of a prospective study of the efficacy and tolerability of
levetiracetam, a new antiepileptic drug with a unique mechanism of action, in comparison with controlled-release carbamazepine as first treatment in newly diagnosed epilepsy.
Advances in microarray technology and the sequencing of the human genome are opening up new possibilities for applying genomic information in clinical medicine, using information about structural polymorphisms in DNA and changes in gene expression as measured by mRNA. Gene expression profiling studies in cancer samples have led to the identification of clinical signatures that are already being applied in some centers.
Journal of Neurotrauma Jan 2007, Vol. 24, No. 1 : 136 -146
Numerous studies addressing different methods of head injury prognostication have been published. Unfortunately, these studies often incorporate different head injury prognostication models and study populations, thus making direct comparison difficult, if not impossible.
Journal of Neurotrauma Jan 2007, Vol. 24, No. 1 : 163 -173
We conducted a study to evaluate the degree of corticospinal tract (CST) dysfunction associated with diffuse axonal injury (DAI) through analyses of both diffusion-tensor magnetic resonance imaging
(DTMRI) and motor-evoked potential (MEP).
Journal of Neurotrauma Jan 2007, Vol. 24, No. 1 : 119 -127
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a frequent cause of neuroendocrine dysfunction typically in male adults. Head injuries are also common in childhood, but only a few case reports outlined the endocrine consequences. The aim of this study was to reveal anterior pituitary function in children with history of hospitalization due to mild to severe head trauma.
Atrial fibrillation is a common arrhythmia associated with increased risk for embolic stroke. Restoration of sinus rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation is a logical strategy to prevent the cardiovascular and thromboembolic complications of this
dysrhythmia.
PEDIATRICS Vol. 119 No. 2 February 2007, pp. 299-305
The goal was to test the hypothesis that extremes of PaCO2 during the first 4 days after birth are associated with severe intraventricular hemorrhage (grades 3 and 4).
Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol 25, No 4 (February 1), 2007: pp. 376-383
Malignant cells are genetically unstable and prone to develop chemotherapy resistance, whereas tumor vasculature is usually of host origin and genetically stable. Tumor endothelial microvessels attract interest as therapeutic targets, but their genetic instability would curtail such approach. Here, we have investigated the tumor origin of endothelial microvessels in human neuroblastoma (NB).
European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Volume 33, Number 12, December 2006, pp. 1491-1499(9)
Using a region of interest (ROI) approach, the SBR is derived from a measure of total striatal counts that takes into account the partial volume effect. Operator intervention is limited to the placement of the striatal
ROIs, a task facilitated by the use of geometrical template regions.
Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery
Volume 109, Issue 2 , February 2007, Pages 152-157
Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is one of the most frequent types of intracranial hemorrhage. We evaluated the independent association between abnormal CT findings in CSDH and both Glasgow coma score (GCS) on admission as a measure of consciousness and Glasgow outcome score
(GOS) at discharge as a measure of outcome.
Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery Volume 109, Issue 2 , February 2007, Pages 166-171
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality.
Coagulopathy, commonly occurring after severe TBI, is associated with poor outcome and secondary complications, especially delayed traumatic intracerebral hematoma
(DTICH). In this study we evaluated the effect of fresh frozen plasma
(FFP) on the reduction in the incidence of DTICH in severe closed head injury victims.
Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery Volume 109, Issue 2 , February 2007, Pages 138-145
To evaluate the contribution of CT angiography (CTA) in predicting clinical outcome in a broad spectrum of patients presenting with acute neurological deficits suggestive of brain ischemia, to assess its strengths and limitations in this setting, and examine its influence on selection of patients for thrombolytic treatment.
Skull-base tumor resection and reconstruction produce a major physiologic and anatomic impact on the patient. At our institution, the use of
vascularized, free-tissue transfer has replaced pedicled flaps as the preferred modality for reconstructing complex cranial base defects involving resection of
dura, brain, or multiple major structures adjacent to skull base, including the orbit, palate, mandible, skin, and other structures.
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society (), 13: 354-358
The performance of 23 patients with moderate' severe traumatic brain injury on the California Verbal Learning Test, Second Edition
(CVLT-II; Delis et al., 2000) was compared with that of 23 matched healthy controls to determine whether recall discriminability indices, which take into account both correct target recall and intrusive errors, would provide better diagnostic classification than traditional variables that are based exclusively on correct recall.
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society (), 13: 298-311
This study builds on our earlier investigation (see Ganesalingam et al., 2006). We showed previously that children with moderate to severe traumatic brain injuries
(TBI) had poorer self-regulation and social and behavioral functioning than their uninjured peers and that self-regulation predicted significant variance in parent- and teacher-rated social and behavioral outcomes, regardless of the presence or absence of
TBI.
To investigate the relationship between the apolipoprotein (ApoE) e4 allele and memory performance (verbal and nonverbal) in patients with medically intractable temporal lobe epilepsy
(TLE) who underwent temporal lobectomy.
Multiple ischemic lesions identified by diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) have been shown to predict high risk of future ischemic events. However, the importance of lesion age has not been factored into this risk.
To test whether symptomatic severe intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis was associated with a higher subsequent stroke risk than moderate stenosis after elective angioplasty with a balloon-expandable stent and to explore which factors were associated with the subsequent stroke.
We report the results of a prospective study of the efficacy and tolerability of
levetiracetam, a new antiepileptic drug with a unique mechanism of action, in comparison with controlled-release carbamazepine as first treatment in newly diagnosed epilepsy.
Seizure Volume 16, Issue 1 , January 2007, Pages 35-42
This study was designed to describe the course of epilepsy (in terms of seizure frequency) and to assess the variables (antiepileptic therapy regimens and others) correlated to improvement.
Clinical Cancer Research 13, 612-620, January 15, 2007
Defining the cytotoxicity of individual adducts in DNA is necessary for mechanistic understanding of human brain tumor resistance to therapeutic alkylating agents and for design of DNA repair-related antiresistance strategies.
Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology. 29(1):53-56, January 2007
Trilateral retinoblastoma (TRb) is a well-known syndrome associating hereditary retinoblastoma
(Rb) with an intracranial neuroblastic tumor arising usually in the pineal region, rarely at the suprasellar or parasellar site. It develops in most cases after diagnosis of
Rb.
This study examined the relationship between the severity of aphasia and regional cerebral perfusion on brain SPECT using statistical parametric mapping
(SPM) and a statistical probabilistic anatomic map (SPAM) in patients with a striatocapsular infarction (SCI) along with the other clinical and imaging findings.
Neuropathology, Volume 26, Number 6, December 2006, pp. 586-591(6)
We report on a male patient with Pick disease who had shown severe white matter atrophy and dilatation of the lateral ventricle in the frontal lobe from an early stage.
Endothelial dysfunction may play a causal role in cerebral small vessel disease
(SVD). Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), a circulating endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide, has been implicated in endothelial dysfunction, particularly in
hyperhomocystinemia, a known risk factor for SVD.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 28:3-8, January 2007
Combining an understanding of neuro-ophthalmologic anatomy with proper imaging techniques provides a powerful method to detect lesions involving the afferent and efferent visual pathways.
Brain inflammation holds promise as a therapeutic target in subacute stages of ischemic stroke. At the cellular level, postischemic inflammation is dominated by cells of the innate immune system with resident
microglia/brain macrophages and blood-derived monocytes/macrophages being the most important cell types involved.
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a subtype of stroke with high morbidity and mortality. The mechanisms underlying
ICH-induced brain injury have become better understood during the past decade. Experimental investigations have indicated that thrombin formation, red blood cell
lysis, and iron toxicity play a major role in ICH-induced injury and that these mechanisms may provide new therapeutic targets. This article reviews the role of thrombin and iron in
ICH-induced injury.
No treatment currently exists to restore lost neurological function after stroke. A growing number of studies highlight the potential of stem cell transplantation as a novel therapeutic approach for stroke. In this review we summarize these studies, discuss potential mechanisms of action of the transplanted cells, and emphasize the need to determine parameters that are critical for transplantation success.
Seizure Volume 16, Issue 1 , January 2007, Pages 1-7
Several risk factors for sudden unexplained death in epilepsy patients (SUDEP) have been proposed, but subsequent work has yielded conflicting data. The relative importance of various risk factors for SUDEP was never explored. The aim of this study is to review systematically risk factors for SUDEP and also to determine their relevance for SUDEP by calculating relative risk factor ratios.
Induced hypothermia is one of the most promising neuroprotective therapies. Technological limitations and homeostatic mechanisms that maintain core body temperature have impeded the clinical use of hypothermia.
Reconstruction of the anterior skull base must be secure and watertight. Failure to achieve this places the patient at risk of the development of cerebral sepsis.
CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology, Volume 30, Number 1, February 2007, pp. 34-41(8)
Sudden symptomatic occlusions of the proximal internal carotid artery (ICA) resulting in severe middle cerebral artery (MCA) ischemia and stroke are usually not accessible by
rt-PA thrombolysis and the prognosis is usually very poor. Mechanical recanalization of the proximal ICA combined with intravenous and intra-arterial thrombolysis was therefore used as a rescue procedure.
Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol 25, No 4 (February 1), 2007: pp. 399-404
This phase I trial was designed to (1) establish the dose of O6-benzylguanine (O6-BG) administered intravenously as a continuous infusion that suppresses O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase
(AGT) levels in brain tumors, (2) evaluate the safety of extending continuous-infusion O6-BG at the optimal dose with intracranially implanted carmustine wafers, and (3) measure the pharmacokinetics of O6-BG and its metabolite.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Volume 25, Issue 1 , January 2007, Pages 57-62
Temporal clustering analysis (TCA) has been proposed as a method to detect the brain responses of an fMRI time series when the time and location of the activation are completely unknown.
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 14, Number 2, February 2007, pp. 237-240(4)
Although common carotid artery (CCA) occlusions are rare, acute clinical presentations vary from mild to devastating strokes primarily due to tandem occlusions in the intracranial arteries.
Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 32(2):139-140, February 2007
Holmes tremor, previously labeled "rubral tremor" or "midbrain tremor," is a rare tremor of low frequency (mostly below 4.5 Hz) that appears at rest, becomes more severe on sustained posture, and increases with goal-directed movements.
The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American). 2007;89:317-323
Cervical spine injury, with or without spinal cord injury, is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. While substantial regional variation has been shown in per capita rates of elective cervical spine surgery, similar data regarding arthrodesis rates for traumatic cervical injury have not been reported, to our knowledge. We assessed the rates of cervical spinal arthrodesis for patients who had a cervical spine injury with or without an associated spinal cord injury.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 28:60-67, January 2007
The aim of our study was to compare multidetector row CT angiography (MDCTA) with digital subtraction angiography
(DSA) in the detection and characterization of intracranial aneurysms.
The aims of this study were to examine white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) in the brains of elderly individuals, the rate of progression, the anatomic regions most vulnerable, and the predictors of change.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 28:72-75, January 2007
Radiologic markers in multicenter trials are often confounded by different instrumentation used. Our goal was to estimate the variance of the global concentration of the neuronal cell marker
N-acetylaspartate (NAA) among research centers using MR imaging scanners of different models, from different manufacturers, and of different magnetic field strength.
To assess the efficacy of phenylbutyrate (PB) in patients with spinal muscular atrophy in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 10 Italian centers.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 28:16-19, January 2007
We report abnormal high T2 signal intensity in the anterior lobe of the cerebellar vermis that we believe was the result of profound hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy in the perinatal period in term infants. We tested the hypothesis that this sign was associated with other signs of significant perinatal hypoxic damage.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 28:30-31, January 2007
Lingual hamartoma is a rare tongue mass, primarily diagnosed in childhood. In most cases in the literature, the masses were surgically removed without preoperative imaging. There are only 3 cases reported in the clinical literature that describe preoperative imaging findings. We report the clinical and imaging findings in an infant with lingual hamartoma and review the literature.
The accuracy of estimating intracranial pressure in brain tissue (ICPBT) via lumbar space was investigated using preset pressure levels in the interval 0 to 600 mm H2O in patients with communicating hydrocephalus.
Assessment of long-term outcomes is essential in brain surgery for epilepsy. Little information exists on long-term non-seizure outcomes after epilepsy surgery. We perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence on this topic.
The cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) associated protein phosphatase KAP is a dual-specificity phosphatase of which the only known function is to dephosphorylate Cdk2 and inhibit cell cycle progression.
The invasion of tumour cells into brain tissue is a pathologic hallmark of WHO grades II-IV gliomas and contributes significantly to the failure of current therapeutic treatments.
Perinatal ischemic stroke is not rare in term and near-term infants and is an important antecedent of long-term neurological disability, including congenital hemiplegia (hemiplegic cerebral palsy) and seizure and cognitive disorders.
Children who have experienced a perinatal stroke often develop normal language function, but the neurobiologic mechanisms underlying this plasticity remain unclear.
In this study, we sought to elucidate whether phenylpropanolamine (PPA) in cold remedies (small and divided doses) increases the risk of hemorrhagic stroke (HS).
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Volume 16, Issue 1 , January-February 2007, Pages 1-7
Cardiogenic embolism accounts for 15% to 30% of ischemic strokes. Echocardiography is frequently being used as a screening test for sources of cardiac embolism in patients with stroke.
The sudden and apparently unpredictable nature of seizures is one of the most disabling aspects of the disease epilepsy. A method capable of predicting the occurrence of seizures from the electroencephalogram (EEG) of epilepsy patients would open new therapeutic possibilities.
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