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The development of a city wide epilepsy register

02/28/2006 03:57 PM

Seizure Volume 15, Issue 2 , March 2006, Pages 106-111

In patients with epilepsy, although many changes in the physiology of hormones in the neuroendocrine system can occur (especially in the sex hormones, for example), the causes of these changes have not been fully elucidated. There are also relations between seizure activity and stages of sleep. Ghrelin is the peptide hormone, which has been shown to affect both endocrine function and sleep. The purpose of this study was to evaluate serum levels of ghrelin in epilepsy patients.

Selective posterior cerebral artery amobarbital test in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy for surgical treatment

02/28/2006 03:54 PM

Seizure Volume 15, Issue 2 , March 2006, Pages 73-78

Pregabalin is a recently licensed and marketed antiepileptic drug for use as adjunctive treatment of partial epilepsy. It acts at presynaptic calcium channels, modulating neurotransmitter release in the CNS, properties it shares with gabapentin. Its clinical development over the past decade has included its use in the treatment of neuropathic pain, and generalized anxiety disorder, in addition to epilepsy. Three multi-centre randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials enrolling patients with refractory partial epilepsy have demonstrated an antiepileptic effect of pregabalin against placebo, as adjunctive therapy, with 31–51% of patients showing a 50% reduction in seizure frequency. Adverse effects were dose related, the commonest being somnolence, dizziness, and ataxia. Weight gain was seen in 14% of patients on the highest dose of 600 mg/day. Around 9000 people have been exposed to pregabalin in its development for all indications. No idiosyncratic reactions have been described to date. Pregabalin may be a useful addition in the treatment of refractory partial epilepsy. As with all new AEDs long-term follow up and post marketing surveillance is required.

Safety of Induced Hypertension Therapy in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke

02/28/2006 03:52 PM

Seizure Volume 15, Issue 2 , March 2006

To investigate the relevance of serum topiramate (TPM) levels (SL) monitoring in the clinical management of epileptic patients.

Prognostic factors for surgery of neocortical temporal lobe epilepsy

02/28/2006 03:49 PM

International Journal of Cardiology Volume 107, Issue 3 , 8 March 2006

Patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) have an increased risk of thromboembolic events. Incidence of silent cerebral infarction (SCI) has not been investigated in these patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of SCI in patients with DCM and to determine its associations with echocardiographic parameters.

Use of the STRATIFY falls risk assessment in patients recovering from acute stroke

02/25/2006 08:00 AM

Neurocritical Care February 2006, Volume 4, Issue 1, pps. 008-013

To investigate the relationships between intracranial pressure (ICP), cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), and outcome after traumatic brain injury.

Association between Calcification of the Cervical Carotid Artery Bifurcation and White Matter Ischemia

02/25/2006 07:57 AM

Gait & Posture Volume 23, Issue 2 , February 2006, Pages 200-205

A lateral deviation of the walking trajectory is often observed in stroke patients with unilateral spatial neglect. However, existing research appears to be contradictory regarding the direction of this deviation. The aim of the present study was to gain more insight into the walking trajectory of neglect patients. Twelve right hemisphere stroke patients (six neglect, six no neglect), eight left hemisphere stroke patients (none neglect) and 10 healthy control subjects were instructed to walk towards a target while a two-dimensional ultrasonic positioning system recorded their walking trajectory. Patients’ recovery of walking ability was assessed and they were tested for the presence of neglect. Neglect patients showed a larger lateral deviation in their walking trajectory compared to stroke patients without neglect or controls. Neglect patients with good walking ability showed a deviation to the contralesional side. Neglect patients with limited walking ability showed a deviation to the ipsilesional side. Within the neglect group we found no relation between the severity of neglect and lateral deviation. Differences in walking ability may account for the contradictory results between studies regarding the lateral deviation in neglect patients’ walking trajectory. We suggest that when a neglect patient's walking ability is limited, walking towards a target becomes a dual task: heading control and walking. A limited walking ability will cause a higher task priority of walking compared to heading control. This shift in task priority may be causing the change in walking trajectory deviation.

Prognostic Significance of Angiographically Confirmed Large Vessel Intracranial Occlusion in Patients Presenting With Acute Brain Ischemia

02/25/2006 07:55 AM

Gait & Posture Volume 23, Issue 2 , February 2006, Pages 249-255

Due to motor and sensory deficits in individuals with stroke, we proposed that they must compensate for these impairments during standing with greater dependence on vision. In addition, we hypothesized that asymmetric weight-bearing, which occurs following stroke, is related to increased postural sway and those with greater asymmetry will have greater reliance on vision. Twenty-eight individuals with stroke and 28 healthy older adult controls stood quietly with eyes open (EO) or closed on a force platform while postural sway was quantified by centre of pressure measures and weight-bearing asymmetry was calculated from vertical ground reaction forces. To determine the influence of vision on postural sway, a visual ratio (eyes open/eyes closed (EC)) was calculated for the sway measures. The results demonstrated that individuals with stroke had greater visual dependence for the control of postural sway velocity in the medial–lateral (ML), but not anterior–posterior (AP) direction, compared to controls. Further, we found that greater asymmetry was moderately related to increased medial–lateral sway for the individuals with stroke. Contrary to predictions, those individuals with stroke with mild asymmetry had greater visual dependence than those with more severe asymmetry.

Anesthetic Complications of Awake Craniotomies for Epilepsy Surgery

02/25/2006 07:53 AM

American Journal of Neuroradiology 27:387-390, February 2006

Remote cerebellar hemorrhage (RCH) is a rare but benign, self-limited complication of supratentorial craniotomies that, to the best of our knowledge, has not been described in the imaging literature. RCH can be an unexpected finding on routine postoperative imaging studies and should not be mistaken for more ominous causes of bleeding such as coagulopathy, hemorrhagic infarction, or cortical vein occlusion. Cerebellar hemorrhage in the typical setting can be identified as RCH and does not require more extensive or invasive evaluation.

Helmet Use and Risk of Head Injuries in Alpine Skiers and Snowboarders

02/25/2006 08:01 AM

Alcohol and Alcoholism 2006 41(2):159-167

To review the process of identifying alcohol-dependent patients at risk of developing Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) in the community, and prophylactic treatment options.

Multidetector Row CT Angiography of Cerebral Vasospasm after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Comparison of Volume Rendered Images and Digital Subtraction Angiography

02/24/2006 09:42 AM

Neurocritical Care February 2006, Volume 4, Issue 1, pps. 021-024

We describe a case report of panhypopituitarism after traumatic head injury. A previously healthy young man suffered a closed head injury and multiple spinal fractures after a motorcycle accident.

Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy in an elderly patient

02/24/2006 09:31 AM

American Journal of Neuroradiology 27:278-282,

Inadvertent foreign body embolization is a rarely diagnosed and neglected complication of cerebral angiography that has not been studied systematically.

The Study of Cerebral Hemodynamics in the Hyperacute Stage of Fat Embolism Induced by Triolein Emulsion

02/24/2006 09:28 AM

Neurocritical Care February 2006, Volume 4, Issue 1, pps. 032-034

Thromboembolic stroke is the most common severe complication following coil embolization of intracerebral aneurysms, with a 5% incidence of permanent deficits. Despite heparin anticoagulation, rescue therapy with the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist abciximab may be required. However, we describe a failure of abciximab rescue therapy and discuss the importance of monitoring the variable individual response to abciximab.

Stent Supported Angioplasty for Acute Stroke Caused by Carotid Dissection

02/24/2006 09:25 AM

Chest. 2006;129:238-245

The aim of this study was to analyze the role of dysphagia as a model of pharyngeal muscle dysfunction in the time course of nocturnal disordered breathing (NDB) in patients who experienced a first-ever ischemic stroke.

Analysis of Linear Head Accelerations from Collegiate Football Impacts

02/23/2006 08:57 AM

Current Sports Medicine Reports 2006, 5:15-22

Determining when it is safe for an athlete to return to play (RTP) after concussion is one of the most difficult decisions facing the team physician. There is significant variability in the evaluation and management of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). In the past decade, a tremendous amount of sport-specific research has improved our understanding of mTBI. The advent of neuro­psychologic (NP) testing batteries designed to assess concussive injury has improved the assessment of cognitive dysfunction that occurs in the absence of structural brain abnormalities. The severity of injury is determined by the nature, burden, and duration of symptoms. Athletes must be asymptomatic and have a normal neurologic and cognitive evaluation prior to RTP. Several factors aid in making the RTP decision, including age, the severity of injury, and history of prior mTBIs. Given the potential complications of mTBI, the RTP decision must be made using a thoughtful, individualized process.

The Use Abuse and Future of Neuropsychologic Testing in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

02/23/2006 08:41 AM

NEUROLOGY 2006;66:331-338

Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is a progressive dementia characterized by prominent disorders of higher visual processing, affecting both dorsal and ventral streams to cause Balint’s syndrome, alexia, and visual agnosia.

Emerging Drug Therapies for Dementia

02/23/2006 08:37 AM

American Journal of Neuroradiology 27:261-263

The embolization of missiles to the intracranial circulation is a rare event. We describe here a case of a man shot by a shotgun, presenting with a posterior fossa stroke and occlusion of the superior cerebellar artery by a metallic pellet. To our knowledge, this is the third case of posterior fossa circulation pellet emboli.

Outcome of short term antiepileptic treatment in patients with solitary cerebral cysticercus granuloma

02/23/2006 08:32 AM

Seizure Volume 15, Issue 2 , March 2006, Pages 112-116

The objective of this observational study was to compare the efficacy of levetiracetam and topiramate during the first 15 days of add-on treatment in adults with refractory partial epilepsy.

Large scale expression study of human mesial temporal lobe epilepsy evidence for dysregulation of the neurotransmission and complement systems in the entorhinal cortex

02/23/2006 08:28 AM

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Volume 87, Issue 1 , January 2006, Pages 45-50

To investigate the development of mobility status during the second year after stroke in patients who had had inpatient rehabilitation, and to evaluate risk factors for mobility decline.

Stroke after varicose vein foam injection sclerotherapy

02/23/2006 08:25 AM

American Journal of Neuroradiology 27:283-288

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the degree of organization and fibrocellular tissue development in aneurysms treated with bare platinum or biologically active microcoils.

Brain abscess clinical aspects of 100 patients

02/23/2006 08:23 AM

Neuroepidemiology 2006;26:168-175

Campaigns within Australia and internationally have sought to increase awareness of the emergent nature of stroke. For these initiatives to be effective it is important to gather information about delay in seeking treatment and the reasons given for the delay by people with stroke. The purpose of this study was to examine delay in seeking treatment in people with an evolving stroke or TIA and identify clinical, behavioral and demographic factors that contributed to the delay.

Lung-protective ventilation in neurosurgical patients

02/21/2006 03:22 PM

Arch Neurol. 2006;63:281-283

To describe a patient with the common A3243G/MELAS point mutation who had aortic rupture and whose mother also died of large vessel rupture.

Cerebral infarction following thrombolysis for massive pulmonary embolism

02/21/2006 03:18 PM

American Journal of Neuroradiology 27:297-299, February 2006

During the administration of intra-arterial (IA) chemotherapy for the treatment of brain tumors (BTs), angiography may demonstrate asymptomatic, incidental cerebral aneurysms. The prevalence and complication rate of incidental aneurysms in patients undergoing IA chemotherapy remains unknown. It remains unclear whether the presence of an aneurysm represents an increased risk or a contraindication to this form of treatment.

Silent microbleeds are associated with volume of primary intracerebral hemorrhage

02/21/2006 03:16 PM

Arch Neurol. 2006;63:246-250

To examine the relationship between white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume on magnetic resonance images and cognitive tests in a large, population-based sample.

Proliferative response of distinct hippocampal progenitor cell populations after cortical infarcts in the adult brain

02/21/2006 03:13 PM

Arch Neurol. 2006;63:234-241

To describe a series of patients with vertebral arteries compressing the medulla oblongata.

Distinct right frontal lobe activation in language processing following left hemisphere injury

02/18/2006 11:02 AM

Neurobiology of Disease Volume 21, Issue 2 , February 2006, Pages 276-290

Cell transplants that successfully replace the lost neurons and facilitate the reconstruction of the disrupted circuitry in the injured aging hippocampus are invaluable for treating acute head injury, stroke and status epilepticus in the elderly. This is because apt graft integration has the potential to prevent the progression of the acute injury into chronic epilepsy in the elderly. However, neural transplants into the injured middle-aged or aged hippocampus exhibit poor cell survival, suggesting that apt graft augmentation strategies are critical for robust integration of grafted cells into the injured aging hippocampus. We examined the efficacy of pre-treatment and grafting of donor fetal CA3 cells with a blend of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) for lasting survival and integration of grafted cells in the injured middle-aged (12 months old) hippocampus of F344 rats.

Tracking the recovery of visuospatial attention deficits in mild traumatic brain injury

02/18/2006 11:00 AM

Brain 2006 129(3):778-790

Electrocorticographic (ECoG) activity was recorded for up to 129 h from 12 acutely brain-injured human patients using six platinum electrodes placed near foci of damaged cortical tissue. The method probes ECoG activity in the immediate vicinity of the injured cortex and in adjacent supposedly healthy tissue. Six out of twelve patients displayed a total of 73 spontaneous episodes of spreading depression of the ECoG. Of the remaining 6 patients 1 displayed an episode of synchronous depression of ECoG during surgery.

Catastrophic Childhood Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

02/18/2006 10:57 AM

Pediatric Neurology Volume 34, Issue 2 , February 2006, Pages 164-167

This report presents a male who developed clonic seizures on the day he was born. The next day, the diagnosis of pyridoxine-dependent seizures was made. However, contradictory to this diagnosis, seizures reappeared despite treatment with pyridoxine. Seizures ceased after folinic acid was initiated. The clinical and biochemical characteristics of folinic acid–responsive seizures are reviewed. Treatment with folinic acid should be considered in neonatal seizures of unknown origin that do not respond to pyridoxine, or manifest a transient response to pyridoxine.

Prevalence and Rupture Rate of Cerebral Aneurysms Discovered during Intra Arterial Chemotherapy of Brain Tumors

02/18/2006 10:56 AM

NEUROLOGY 2006;66:430-432

The authors performed a correlative radiologic study on the micro-bleeds and volume of intracerebral hemorrhage in the supratentorial ICH patients. In the patients with lobar or putaminal hemorrhage, the hemorrhage volumes increased more than twofold or threefold in the patients with micro-bleeds. Moreover, the presence of microbleeds was an independent risk factor for large-sized hemorrhage. These data show that microbleeds may be associated with a larger ICH volume.

Association of White Matter Hyperintensity Volume With Decreased Cognitive Functioning

02/18/2006 10:53 AM

Neurobiology of Disease Volume 21, Issue 2 , February 2006, Pages 324-332

Precursor cells in the adult dentate gyrus are a heterogeneous population. Astrocytic cell types with radial glia-like morphology and low proliferative activity have been distinguished from highly dividing subtypes expressing early neuronal properties. Recent evidence indicates that physiological stimuli predominantly increased proliferation of non-astrocytic cell types whereas radial glia-like precursors remained quiescent. We here analyzed the proliferative response of precursor cell subtypes under pathophysiological conditions in a model of photochemical cortical infarcts. Using transgenic pNestin-GFP mice and single intraperitoneal injections of 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine 4 h after surgery, immunocytochemical analysis revealed a differential activation of the distinct subpopulations within 72 h after the infarct. The stimulation was most prominent in radial glia-like precursor cells but also non-astrocytic precursors with early neuronal phenotypes were activated. The present study indicates that the proliferative response of precursor cell subpopulations in the subgranular zone might differ under physiological and pathophysiological conditions.

The Auditory Oddball Paradigm in Patients with Vascular Cognitive Impairment A Prolonged Latency of the N2 Complex

02/18/2006 10:50 AM

Brain 2006 129(3):791-808

Clinical recovery after stroke can be significant and has been attributed to plastic reorganization and recruitment of novel areas previously not engaged in a given task. As equivocal results have been reported in studies using single imaging or electrophysiological methods, here we applied an integrative multimodal approach to a group of well-recovered chronic stroke patients (n = 11; aged 50–81 years) with left capsular lesions.

Clinical Determinants of Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment following Ischaemic Stroke The Sydney Stroke Study

02/16/2006 01:21 PM

Pain Volume 120, Issues 1-2 , January 2006, Pages 202-206

Our aim was to asses the efficacy of deep brain stimulation in post-stroke neuropathic pain. Since 2000, 15 patients with post-stroke intractable neuropathic pain were treated with deep brain stimulation of the periventricular gray area (PVG), sensory thalamus (Ventroposterolateral nucleus-VPL) or both. Pain was assessed using both a visual analogue scale and the McGill's pain questionnaire. VAS scores show a mean improvement of 48.8% (SD 8.6%). However, there is a wide variation between patients. This study demonstrates that it is an effective treatment in 70% of such patients.

Mild Cognitive Impairment Deficits in Cognitive Domains Other than Memory

02/16/2006 01:19 PM

Pediatric Emergency Care. 22(2):90-93, February 2006

To evaluate the effects of single-dose etomidate in pediatric patients with intracranial hypertension after severe traumatic brain injury.

Early Transient Increase in Complexin I and Complexin II in the Cerebral Cortex following Traumatic Brain Injury Is Attenuated by N Acetylcysteine

02/15/2006 01:59 PM

Journal of Neurotrauma Jan 2006, Vol. 23, No. 1: 97-108

Isoflurane is commonly used in experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI), both before and early after injury, yet it is rarely used clinically. Narcotics and benzodiazepines are frequently used after injury in clinical TBI. We compared seven anesthetic/sedative agents applied after injury in the controlled cortical impact model: diazepam, fentanyl, isoflurane, ketamine, morphine, pentobarbital, and propofol. Our objective was to provide insight into the relative degrees of neuroprotection provided by these agents in a standard model of TBI.

Cyclosporin A Disposition following Acute Traumatic Brain Injury

02/15/2006 01:55 PM

The Cochrane Library, Issue 1, 2006

To assess the efficacy of galantamine in the treatment of people with vascular cognitive impairment or vascular dementia or "mixed" dementia.

Controversies in the management of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

02/15/2006 10:15 AM

Neuropsychology. 2006 Jan Vol 20(1) 1-10

Previous studies have shown that the left temporal polar (TP) region is important for the retrieval of proper names for persons. It has been proposed that the key specialization of left TP is for proper nouns (rather than names for persons, per se), which predicts that left TP should support other categories whose members are denoted by proper names (e.g., landmarks). A lesion study tested the hypothesis that impaired naming of famous unique landmarks would be associated with damage to left TP. A Landmark Recognition and Naming Test was administered to participants with lesions to left TP, right TP, or regions outside TP.

Understanding Predictors of Functional Recovery and Outcome 30 Months Following Early Childhood Head Injury

02/15/2006 10:08 AM

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2006;77:4-7

To identify presenting psychiatric changes not part of diagnostic criteria of FTD and contrast them with the degree of hemispheric asymmetry and frontal and temporal hypoperfusion on single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging.

Galantamine for Alzheimers disease and mild cognitive impairment

02/15/2006 10:05 AM

Critical Care Medicine. 34(2):492-501, February 2006

Posttraumatic hypotension is believed to increase morbidity and mortality in traumatically brain-injured patients. Using a clinically relevant model of combined traumatic brain injury with superimposed hemorrhagic hypotension in rats, the present study evaluated whether a reduction in mean arterial blood pressure aggravates regional brain edema formation, regional cell death, and neurologic motor/cognitive deficits associated with traumatic brain injury.

Treatment Of Stroke Related Motor Impairment By Yamamoto New Scalp Acupuncture

02/15/2006 10:03 AM

Journal of Hypertension. 24(2):381-386, February 2006

To evaluate the prognostic value of admission blood pressure in patients with acute ischemic stroke by determining whether it contributes to clinical outcome and vascular death.

Primary Presentations of Syncope in the Older Adult Population

02/15/2006 10:00 AM

Cerebrovascular Diseases 2006;21:254-259

Genetic polymorphisms in ABC transporter A1 (ABCA1) may alter the regulation of plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL), promoting or protecting from vascular diseases.

Spasticity and Its Association with Functioning and Health Related Quality of Life 18 Months after Stroke

02/15/2006 09:58 AM

Cerebrovascular Diseases 2006;21:242-246

The presence of microembolic signals (MES) may indicate an increased risk of recurrent ischemic events in patients with stroke. The optimal management of such patients is uncertain. We report the effect of clopidogrel in addition to aspirin on the number of MES in a series of patients with ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) due to large-vessel disease.

External and Extreme Capsular Stroke Clinical Topographical and Etiological Patterns

02/15/2006 09:56 AM

Cerebrovascular Diseases 2006;21:260-265

The status of smoking as a risk factor for the occurrence of stroke is well established. However, there is a paucity of data on the relationship between smoking status and acute stroke outcomes. We evaluated the role of recent smoking as a prognostic factor following acute ischemic stroke.

Premorbid antiplatelet use and ischemic stroke outcomes

02/15/2006 09:54 AM

NEUROLOGY 2006;66:313-318

An age bias may exist in the prescription of important secondary-preventive therapies in the elderly.

Increased von Willebrand Factor in Acute Stroke Patients With Atrial Fibrillation

02/14/2006 08:17 AM

Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Volume 15, Issue 1, Pages 8-13 (January 2006)

We evaluated the efficacy of intravenous (IV) urokinase (UK) treatment for acute ischemic stroke patients. We treated 45 patients with 0.42 mega units of IV UK and 201 patients with other conventional agents. Clinical severity and outcome were evaluated using National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores and modified Rankin scale (mRS). We defined clinical improvement as a reduction of NIHSS score of > 4 points between admission and discharge. The rate of improvement, as defined earlier, was significantly higher in the UK group (27/45; 60%) than in the non-UK group (67/201, 33%) (P = .0009; ?2 test). The rate of mRS 0–2 (good outcome) on discharge in the UK group (28/45; 62%) was slightly (but not significantly) higher than that in the non-UK group (99/201; 49%). Baseline characteristics, including risk factors, did not differ between the 2 groups, except for time to treatment and length of hospitalization. We conclude that treatment of acute ischemic stroke patients with 0.42 mega units of IV UK shows better clinical improvement than conventional therapy.

Acute Aortic Dissection Presenting as a Neurologic Disorder

02/14/2006 08:14 AM

Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Volume 15, Issue 1, Pages 30-33 (January 2006)

We sought to determine clinical predictors of vascular occlusion in patients with stroke. Methods: From November 1994 to December 1999, 88 patients who were thrombolytic candidates and seen within 6 hours of stroke symptom onset had cerebral angiography. The Oxford Community Stroke Project clinical classification system, admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, and time from symptom onset until angiography were used to predict vascular occlusion. Results: In all, 79% of patients with total anterior circulation infarctions and 73% with partial anterior circulation infarctions had vascular occlusions, whereas only 29% with lacunar infarcts had occlusion. Strokes were more severe in patients with occlusion than in those without occlusion. Time to angiography was also associated with vascular occlusion.

Interleukin 6 Is Associated With Cognitive Function The Northern Manhattan Study

02/14/2006 08:08 AM

Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Volume 15, Issue 1, Pages 41-42 (January 2006)

Stroke in the young adult often presents a diagnostic challenge. This report presents a case of a 27-year-old man who developed an abrupt onset of weakness and aphasia. Transesophageal and transthoracic echocardiography were normal. Chest computed tomography (CT) was then performed during the evaluation, and a left ventricular thrombus was seen. The importance of chest CT in the evaluation of selected cases of otherwise “unexplained” stroke in the young adult is presented here.

Spontaneous Acute Subdural Hematoma following Contralateral Calcified Chronic Subdural Hematoma Surgery An Unusual Case

02/14/2006 08:04 AM

Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery 2005;83:202-207

Twelve patients (15 lesions) with recurrent skull base adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) were treated by Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). The tumor volume ranged from 2 to 103 ml (median 15 ml). Treatment was prescribed at the 40-60% isodose line and ranged from 10 to 18 Gy (median: 13.0 Gy). The median follow-up period was 18 months (range 3-55). Six patients were alive and 6 dead at the end of the follow-up period. Only 1 patient died from local tumor recurrence. Ten among 15 tumors treated by SRS decreased in size until the end of the follow-up period or the patients' death. Three remained unchanged in size. Two tumors initially regressed but then increased in size. In selected patients with recurrent skull base ACC, SRS can be considered as a salvage treatment with good local control.

Pulmonary Function, Cognitive Impairment and Brain Atrophy in a Middle Aged Community Sample

02/14/2006 08:01 AM

Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery 2005;83:187-189

Two months after bilateral DBS surgery in a patient with PD, the stimulator had to be removed temporarily due to an infection. After successful antibiotic treatment, a new stimulator and extension wire were reimplanted 2 months later. Intraoperative testing of the replacement device yielded unusually high electrode impedances and low currents on one lead across all four contacts. Since the results did not change on repeated measurements, a lead fracture was suspected. Visual inspection of the exposed hardware, however, did not reveal any obvious defects. It was then decided to activate the lead for a prolonged time with significant currents. Subsequent impedance measurements yielded normal values and after the patient awoke from anesthesia, good symptom control was again achieved. It is advisable if a lead fracture is suspected under similar circumstances to 'condition' the electrode with high currents. Failure to do so could lead to a false conclusion of a lead fracture and unnecessary stereotactic surgery to replace it.

Hyperechoic Plaque An Ultrasound Marker for Osteoporosis in Acute Stroke Patients with Carotid Disease

02/14/2006 07:54 AM

Cerebrovascular Diseases 2006;21:235-241

Whether secondary prevention of atherosclerosis is performed as frequently after cerebrovascular events (stroke or transient ischemic attack) as after cardiac events (myocardial infarction or angina) is unknown. Methods: We compared the receipt of six secondary preventive care processes among 943 persons with a prior cardiac event to that among 523 persons with a prior cerebrovascular event using a representative sample of the US population.

Does Age Predict Outcome in Stroke Rehabilitation A Study of 878 Chinese Subjects

02/10/2006 10:20 AM

J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2006;131:371-379

To investigate whether regional cerebral tissue oxygen saturation monitoring during hypothermic selective antegrade cerebral perfusion in surgery involving the aortic arch can predict neurologic sequelae and to evaluate the diagnostic performance of near-infrared spectroscopy monitoring in this setting.

Therapeutic effects of suburothelial injection of botulinum a toxin for neurogenic detrusor overactivity due to chronic cerebrovascular accident and spinal cord lesions

02/10/2006 10:17 AM

New England Journal of Medicine Volume 354:588-600

We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 1722 patients with acute ischemic stroke who were randomly assigned to receive a 72-hour infusion of placebo or intravenous NXY-059 within 6 hours after the onset of the stroke. The primary outcome was disability at 90 days, as measured according to scores on the modified Rankin scale for disability (range, 0 to 5, with 0 indicating no residual symptoms and 5 indicating bedbound, requiring constant care).

Lamotrigine versus carbamazepine monotherapy for epilepsy

02/10/2006 10:06 AM

Journal of Pediatric Surgery Volume 41, Issue 1 , January 2006, Pages 271-276

Our aim was to investigate the impact of the extent of surgical resection on local recurrence and survival in high-risk patients treated with the Chicago Pilot II protocol.

Ischemic Stroke in a Postpartum Patient Understanding the Epidemiology, Pathogenesis and Outcome of Moyamoya Disease

02/10/2006 10:04 AM

QJM 2006 99(2):89-95

To compare the effect of prednisolone with that of piroxicam in patients with CRPSI following stroke.

Effects of arginine vasopressin during resuscitation from hemorrhagic hypotension after traumatic brain injury

02/10/2006 10:02 AM

Pediatric Neurosurgery 2006;42:74-80

Intraoperative MRI (iMRI) is used mainly in the adult neurosurgical population. The main indications for iMRI usage are resection control and updated intraoperative navigation capabilities. In this paper we present our experience using this technique in children.

Risk of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Infections due to Gastrostomy Feeding Tube Insertion in Pediatric Patients with Brain Tumors

02/10/2006 09:59 AM

Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders 2006;21:251-259

To investigate whether application of cutoff levels in an episodic memory test (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, RAVLT) is a useful method for identifying patients at high and low risk of cognitive decline and subsequent dementia.

Prevalence and Persistence of Mild Cognitive Impairment among Elderly Patients in General Hospitals

02/10/2006 09:57 AM

The Annals of Pharmacotherapy: Vol. 40, No. 2, pp. 299-303

To evaluate the use of methylene blue for the treatment of ifosfamide-induced encephalopathy.

The Effect of Sevoflurane on Dynamic Cerebral Blood Flow Autoregulation Assessed by Spectral and Transfer Function Analysis

02/10/2006 09:55 AM

Critical Care 2006, 10:R18

The present study was designed to compare cerebral hemodynamics assessed using the blood flow index (BFI) derived from the kinetics of the tracer dye indocyanine green (ICG) with transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) in an established model of hemorrhagic shock.

DOES DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION FOR DYSTONIA INCREASE RISK OF SUICIDE

02/10/2006 09:52 AM

Neurology Today. 6(2):16-18, January 17, 2006

Robinson, Richard

SHARON STROKE PUTS SPOTLIGHT ON CARE FOR INTRACEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE

02/10/2006 09:50 AM

Neurology Today. 6(2):22-23,25, January 17, 2006

Newman, Laura

Hypoxic Ischemic Brain Injury in the Neonatal Rat Model Relationship between Lesion Size at Early MR Imaging and Irreversible Infarction

02/08/2006 02:54 PM

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2006;77:71-73

To examine very long term psychosocial outcome following severe brain injury in a large cohort, with the aim of evaluating Thomsen’s observation that even after very serious head trauma the long term outcome in some patients is reasonably good.

Hemifacial motor and crying seizures of temporal lobe onset case report and review of electro clinical localisation

02/08/2006 02:50 PM

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2006;77:92-94

We developed a model identifying patients with previous cerebral ischaemia at increased risk of intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). Based on data from eight cohorts, 107 ICHs were found to have occurred among 12 648 patients. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified the following predictors: age (60 years, hazard ratio (HR) 2.07), blood glucose level (7 mmol/l, HR 0.33), systolic blood pressure (140 mm Hg, HR 2.17), and antihypertensive drugs (HR 1.53). The highest risk quartile was associated with five times more ICHs than the lowest quartile.

Early circulating levels of endothelial cell activation markers in aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage associations with cerebral ischaemic events and outcome

02/08/2006 02:49 PM

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2006;77:98-100

Two cases of brain stem stroke involving the upper pons and the ponto-mesencephalic junction presented with transient excessive pathological yawning, associated with gait ataxia and in one subject with upper limb and facial hemiparesis. A causal relation is hypothesised between the brain stem lesion and pathological yawning, possibly related to denervation hypersensitivity of a putative brain stem yawn centre. Excessive yawning may herald brain stem ischaemia.

Controversies in the management of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

02/08/2006 02:46 PM

PEDIATRICS Vol. 117 No. 2 February 2006, pp. 325-332

Inflicted traumatic brain injury (iTBI) is the leading cause of death from TBI in infants. Misdiagnosis of iTBI is common and results in increased morbidity and mortality. Biomarkers may be able to assist in screening infants who are at high risk for iTBI and whose injury might otherwise be missed. We investigated whether serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), S100B, and myelin-basic protein (MBP) are sensitive and specific for iTBI in high-risk infants.

Postpartum Eclampsia Complicated by Reversible Cerebral Herniation

02/08/2006 02:45 PM

Acad Emerg Med Volume 13, Number 2 215-222

Stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) are increasingly common conditions that are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The strongest predictor of recurrent stroke risk is an initial stroke or TIA; in fact, nearly 30% of all strokes are recurrent events. It is often the emergency department (ED) physician who, while treating the initial event, has the first opportunity to initiate effective preventive strategies, including pharmacotherapy and behavior modification. Evidence- and consensus-based guidelines are well established for the use of antiplatelet medications, anticoagulants, and antihypertensives for prevention of secondary stroke. Recent evidence suggests that the use of statins may be associated with improved clinical outcomes after ischemic stroke. In addition, behavioral interventions, such as smoking cessation, exercise, diet, and stroke education, can help patients avoid stroke recurrence. By initiating prevention therapies during the acute stroke or TIA encounter, EPs convey the message to patients that these therapies are important for the prevention of recurrent events and are an essential part of the treatment.

Cognitive functions evaluated by P300 and visual and auditory number assays in children with childhood epilepsy with occipital paroxysms (CEOP)

02/08/2006 10:51 AM

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2006;77:28-33

Subcortical ischaemic vascular disease (SIVD) is a subtype of vascular cognitive impairment characterised by extensive white matter lesions and multiple lacunar infarcts. Radiologically defined diagnostic criteria for SIVD have been introduced, but only a few studies have presented empirical data on its clinical and cognitive features. The aim of this study is to describe in detail the neuropsychological characteristics of patients with SIVD from a large well defined stroke cohort.

A Large scale Neurocomputational Model of Task oriented Behavior Selection and Working Memory in Prefrontal Cortex

02/08/2006 10:49 AM

The Journal of Neuroscience, February 1, 2006, 26(5):1429-1438

Cognitive control is required to regulate interactions between brain regions to produce effective, purposeful behavior. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the nature of these interactions and the role of prefrontal cortex (PFC) in cognitive control as subjects switched between simple face and word categorization tasks. Face and word stimuli were used because previous research has shown them to activate distinguishable cortical regions, allowing us to measure levels of activity in task-selective brain regions during task switching. We found that activity in brain regions selective for the currently irrelevant task predicted the behavioral cost associated with switching tasks. This finding supports the theory that between-task competition is a critical determinant of behavior. Task switching was also associated with increased activity in a network of regions implicated in cognitive control, including lateral PFC and parietal cortex. Within this network of regions, we observed dissociations between task-selective and general purpose mechanisms. These findings provide support for theories that propose a control hierarchy comprising regions responsible for maintaining task-specific information about rules or goals, and regions involved in the coordination of these goals.

Fornix Lesions Decouple the Induction of Hippocampal Arc Transcription from Behavior But Not Plasticity

02/08/2006 10:46 AM

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2006;77:4-7

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a behavioural syndrome caused by degeneration of the frontal and anterior temporal lobes. Behavioural disturbances include psychiatric features. Whether patients with FTD present with psychiatric features varies with the initial neuroanatomical variability of FTD.

Operative techniques and morbidity with subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation in 100 consecutive patients with advanced Parkinsons disease

02/08/2006 10:43 AM

Journal of Pediatric Surgery olume 41, Issue 1 , January 2006, Pages 83-87

Care of pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) has placed emphasis on maximizing cerebral perfusion to prevent ischemia and reperfusion injury. A subset of patients with TBI will continue to have refractory intracranial pressure (ICP) elevation despite aggressive therapy including ventriculostomy, pentobarbital coma, hypertonic saline, and diuretics. Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is a controversial treatment of severe TBI. It is our hypothesis that DC can enhance survival and minimize secondary brain injury in this patient subset.

Long term outcome after temporal lobe surgery Prediction of late worsening of seizure control

02/08/2006 10:41 AM

Seizure Volume 15, Issue 1 , January 2006, Pages 56-63

To investigate the clinical significance of bilateral temporal hypometabolism (BTH) for patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) by using statistical parametric mapping (SPM).

Adenosine A1 and A2A receptors of hippocampal CA1 region have opposite effects on piriform cortex kindled seizures in rats

02/08/2006 10:38 AM

Acad Emerg Med Volume 13, Number 2 174-180

Hyperglycemia after cerebral ischemia exacerbates brain injury and worsens the outcome of stroke patients. The authors sought to examine the effect of glycemic control on mortality after acute stroke.

Serum albumin and self-reported prevalence of stroke a population based cross sectional study

02/08/2006 10:35 AM

Circulation. 2006;113:657-663

Arterial stiffness has been associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease in selected groups of patients. We evaluated whether arterial stiffness is a predictor of coronary heart disease and stroke in a population-based study among apparently healthy subjects.

Child Outcomes and Family Characteristics 1 Year After Severe Inflicted or Noninflicted Traumatic Brain Injury

02/06/2006 02:26 PM

Acad Emerg Med Volume 13, Number 2 199-214,

The emergency management of cerebral concussion typically centers on the decision to perform a head computed tomography (CT) scan, which only rarely detects hemorrhagic lesions requiring neurosurgery. The absence of hemorrhage on CT scan often is equated with a lack of brain injury. However, observational studies revealing poor long-term cognitive outcome after concussion suggest that brain injury may be present despite a normal CT scan. To explore this idea further, the authors reviewed the evidence for objective neurologic injury in humans after concussion, with particular emphasis on those with a normal brain CT. This evidence comes from studies involving brain tissue pathology, CT scanning, magnetic resonance image (MRI) scanning, serum biomarkers, formal cognitive and balance tests, functional MRI, positron emission tomography, and single-photon emission computed tomography scanning. Each section is accompanied by technical information to help the reader understand what these tests are, not to endorse their use clinically. The authors discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the evidence in each case. These reports make a compelling case for the existence of concussion as a clinically relevant disease with demonstrable neurologic pathology. Areas for future emergency medicine research are suggested.

Risk of Intracranial Pathologic Conditions Requiring Emergency Intervention After a First Complex Febrile Seizure Episode Among Children

02/06/2006 02:23 PM

QJM 2006 99(2):117-122;

Stroke mortality rates have declined during the second half of the 20th century in developed countries. Possible reasons for this include preventive measures, recent environmental changes impacting on adult health risks, and more distant environmental influences on childhood health. Data from a number of populations in Europe and the USA suggest that a decrease in early life blood pressure, occurring since the beginning of the 20th century, may have been an important determinant of declining stroke incidence rates and cardiovascular disease mortality in general. Advances in stroke epidemiology are increasing the accuracy of case ascertainment, and neuroimaging refinements (particularly MRI) are improving the accuracy of stroke type and subtype diagnoses. Although some risk factors are common to ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke, there is accumulating evidence of differing aetiology. There is also an increasing recognition that early life factors may influence stroke risk. Despite the encouraging decline in stroke incidence, there is evidence of a recent increase in mean blood pressure in young people observed in the USA and UK, prompting concern that favourable trends in stroke risk may not be maintained. Reducing early life blood pressure in a population and delaying the onset of hypertension, along with effective measures to combat obesity, are required to avoid a reversal in stroke incidence trends in developed countries, and to prevent the anticipated increase in the burden of stroke in developing countries.

Can a Web Based Family Problem Solving Intervention Work for Children With Traumatic Brain Injury

02/06/2006 02:21 PM

Rehabilitation Psychology. 2005 Nov Vol 50(4) 355-365

To study the money management ability of people with acquired brain dysfunction (ABD) and its relationship to neuropsychological test performance. Subjects or Other Participants: 35 people with ABD and 15 matched controls without ABD. Main Outcome Measures: Case managers completed an experimenter-designed Money Management Survey (MMS), a staff-rating measure of the client's money management abilities. Results: In addition to the problems identified by controls, the group with ABD had other difficulties such as not leaving money aside for essentials and using automatic teller machines. Neuropsychological assessment demonstrated a modest ability to predict the overall MMS, however, the prediction of specific behaviors (problematic impulsive spending and paying the bills or rent late) was more successful.

The Impact of Patient Centered Information on Patients Treatment Satisfaction and Outcomes in Traumatic Brain Injury Rehabilitation

02/06/2006 02:18 PM

Neuropsychology. 2005 Nov Vol 19(6) 806-813

Patients with frontal-lobe epilepsy (FLE) or temporal-lobe epilepsy (TLE) and matched control participants were given a design fluency test that assessed nonverbal fluency and switching ability. Patients with FLE generated fewer designs in the switching condition relative to the TLE patients and controls, whereas group differences did not emerge in the basic fluency conditions. When the side of the seizure focus and the presence or absence of a structural lesion were considered in patients with FLE, only those with left-lesional FLE generated fewer designs than controls did in the switching condition. Furthermore, patients with left-lesional and nonlesional FLE produced a greater proportion of set-loss errors than did controls. These results indicate that patients with FLE are impaired when they must simultaneously generate new designs and engage in cognitive switching; however, the pattern of impairment may depend on the side of the seizure focus and the presence of a structural lesion.

The Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis Is Critically Involved in Enhancing Associative Learning After Stressful Experience

02/06/2006 02:16 PM

Behavioral Neuroscience. 2005 Dec Vol 119(6) 1533-1545

Many hippocampal neurons (place cells) appear to represent a particular location within an environment (their place field). This property would appear to be central to hippocampal involvement in navigation based on spatial memory. Although a navigationally useful representation might also include information about distal goals, having a place field and being able to represent a distal goal would appear to be mutually exclusive place cell properties. Our simulations demonstrate, however, that information about goal direction can be simply derived from the changes in place field density that occur when place fields shift location in a goal-directed manner. Previous reports that place fields respond dynamically to shifts in goal location may, therefore, represent the operation of such a system.

Impairment in Long Term Retention but not Short Term Performance on a Water Maze Reversal Task Following Hippocampal or Mediodorsal Striatal N Methyl D Aspartate Receptor Blockade

02/06/2006 02:13 PM

Behavioral Neuroscience. 2005 Dec Vol 119(6) 1580-1587

The central nucleus (CN) of the amygdala and basal forebrain cholinergic projections to the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) are involved in regulating changes in attentional processing of conditioned stimuli. In a previous study, lesions of the CN produced a deficit in conditioned orienting behavior (rearing on the hind legs) when a visual stimulus was paired with food. Unconditioned orienting (rearing to nonreinforced presentations of the stimulus) and conditioned food cup behavior were unaffected. The present study examined the contribution of the PPC to attentional orienting behavior. Damage to the PPC did not affect orienting behavior but produced deficits in food cup behavior. These findings help define the specific contributions of the PPC to attentional processing and associative learning.

Taste and Olfactory Intensity Perception Changes Following Left Insular Stroke

02/06/2006 02:11 PM

Behavioral Neuroscience - Volume 119(6) - Page 1705

M. R. Gilmartin and M. D. McEchron (2005) reported that single cells recorded in the prelimbic cortex of rats during the acquisition of trace fear conditioning display multiple patterns of neuronal firing during the trace. These finding are discussed in the context of the role of the prelimbic cortex in processing temporal information during trace conditioning and delayed matching- or nonmatching-to-sample paradigms based on both electrophysiology and lesion evidence. In addition, evidence is provided for a role of the hippocampus in supporting temporal processing of information and its potential interaction with the prelimbic cortex.

Multiple brain abscesses following surgical treatment of a perianal abscess

02/04/2006 10:27 AM

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. 2006;18:169-183

On the basis of a theory about the role of semantic knowledge in the recognition and production of familiar words and objects, we predicted that patients with semantic dementia would reveal a specific pattern of impairment on six different tasks typically considered "pre-" or "non-" semantic: reading aloud, writing to dictation, inflecting verbs, lexical decision, object decision, and delayed copy drawing. The prediction was that all tasks would reveal a frequency-by-typicality interaction, with patients performing especially poorly on lower-frequency items with atypical structure (e.g., words with an atypical spelling-to-sound relationship; objects with an atypical feature for their class, such as the hump on a camel, etc). Of 84 critical observations (14 patients performing 6 tasks), this prediction was correct in 84/84 cases; and a single component in a factor analysis accounted for 87% of the variance across seven measures: each patient's degree of impairment on atypical items in the six experimental tasks and a separate composite score reflecting his or her degree of semantic impairment. Errors also consistently conformed to the predicted pattern for both expressive and receptive tasks, with responses reflecting residual knowledge about the typical surface structure of each domain. We argue that these results cannot be explained as associated but unrelated deficits but instead are a principled consequence of a primary semantic impairment.

Global prevalence of dementia a Delphi consensus study

02/04/2006 10:23 AM

Acta Radiologica, Volume 47, Number 1, Number 1/01Feb2006, pp. 85-90(6)

To evaluate FDG-PET in post-radiotherapy differentiation of tumor recurrence/malignant degeneration and radiation reaction, and to assess the role of PET in terms of survival. Material and Methods: 117 consecutive patients with a total of 156 FDG-PET examinations with positive but non-diagnostic MRI and/or CT were included. Final diagnosis was based on histopathology or correlated with radiologic and clinical follow-up. Brain metastases from lung carcinomas were further studied separately. Survival time was analysed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: There were 61 true-positive, 2 false-positive, 15 false-negative, and 51 true-negative PET examinations; 5 positive and 22 negative PET examinations were indeterminate. The positive predictive value of a PET examination was 96% in all and 100% in brain metastases from lung carcinoma. The negative predictive value based on the histopathologic results was 55.6%. Survival time was significantly longer in patients with negative PET. Conclusion: FDG-PET is a valuable tool in the detection of tumor recurrence, especially lung carcinoma metastasis. FDG uptake is a prognostic marker.

Wernickes Encephalopathy With Hyperemesis and Ketoacidosis

02/04/2006 10:20 AM

Obstetrics & Gynecology 2006;107:504-506

Paraneoplastic subacute sensory neuronopathy is a rapidly progressive autoimmune disorder commonly associated with small cell cancers. Relentless destruction of dorsal root ganglion cells by cytotoxic T cells leads to a poor prognosis.

A left MCA territory infarction during intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator therapy for right MCA territory ischaemic stroke

02/04/2006 10:18 AM

PEDIATRICS Vol. 117 No. 2 February 2006, pp. e238-e246

To assess the ability of the NEXUS II head trauma decision instrument to identify patients with clinically important intracranial injury (ICI) from among children with blunt head trauma.

Factors That Lead to Successful Community Integration Following Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

02/03/2006 12:41 PM

Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. Focus on Clinical Research and Practice. 21(1):1-7, January/February 2006

The general objective of the "Rehabilitation Medicine Summit: Building Research Capacity" was to advance and promote research in medical rehabilitation by making recommendations to expand research capacity. The 5 elements of research capacity that guided the discussions were (1) researchers; (2) research culture, environment, and infrastructure; (3) funding; (4) partnerships; and (5) metrics. The 100 participants included representatives of professional organizations, consumer groups, academic departments, researchers, governmental funding agencies, and the private sector. The small group discussions and plenary sessions generated an array of problems, possible solutions, and recommended actions. A post-Summit, multiorganizational initiative is called to pursue the agendas outlined in this article.

Causes of Death Following 1 Year Postinjury Among Individuals With Traumatic Brain Injury

02/03/2006 12:39 PM

Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. Focus on Clinical Research and Practice. 21(1):34-44, January/February 2006

To examine the relations among driving status, perceptions of barriers to the resumption of driving, and community integration outcomes after traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Aggressive Behavior Following Traumatic Brain Injury How Common Is Common

02/03/2006 12:37 PM

Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. Focus on Clinical Research and Practice. 21(1):57-67, January/February 2006

To describe a family-centered problem-solving intervention (FPS) for pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI), and to assess the efficacy of the intervention in a randomized clinical trial.

Executive Memory Dysfunctions Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

02/03/2006 12:35 PM

Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. Focus on Clinical Research and Practice. 21(1):76-81, January/February 2006

This study evaluated the relative efficacy of a community rehabilitation service and a more traditional outpatient service for carers of people with an acquired brain injury.

Brain Injury Benzodiazepines, Antipsychotics, and Functional Recovery

02/03/2006 12:34 PM

Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. Focus on Clinical Research and Practice. 21(1):85-88, January/February 2006

Ripley, David L. MD, MS

Textbook of Traumatic Brain Injury

02/03/2006 12:32 PM

Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. Focus on Clinical Research and Practice. 21(1):90-93, January/February 2006

Ricker, Joseph H. PhD, ABPP (CN, RP)

The Aphasia Handbook A Guide for Stroke and Brain Injury Survivors and Their Families

02/03/2006 12:28 PM

Journal of the American College of Surgeons Volume 202, Issue 1 , January 2006, Pages 120-130

The aims of this study were to describe the early time course of hemodynamic and tissue perfusion and oxygenation patterns in survivors and nonsurvivors after head injury; to suggest physiologic mechanisms responsible for the observed patterns; and to evaluate postinjury parameters that might be useful for treatment. The hypothesis was that reduced hemodynamics and tissue oxygenation and reduced arterial oxygen saturation affect outcomes.

Midterm prevention of rebleeding by Guglielmi detachable coils in ruptured intracranial aneurysms less than 10 mm

02/03/2006 12:25 PM

Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery Volumeme 108, Issue 2 , February 2006, Pages 150-156

Vascular occlusion is not an uncommon event in malignancy. However, the frequency of ischemic stroke after chemotherapy has been mentioned only occasionally in clinical studies. A large-scale study is lacking.

Warning Headache of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Infarction due to Vertebrobasilar Artery Dissection

02/03/2006 12:21 PM

Journal of the American College of Surgeons Volume 202, Issue 1 , January 2006, Pages 120-130

The aims of this study were to describe the early time course of hemodynamic and tissue perfusion and oxygenation patterns in survivors and nonsurvivors after head injury; to suggest physiologic mechanisms responsible for the observed patterns; and to evaluate postinjury parameters that might be useful for treatment. The hypothesis was that reduced hemodynamics and tissue oxygenation and reduced arterial oxygen saturation affect outcomes.

Predictors of Ischemic Stroke in the Territory of a Symptomatic Intracranial Arterial Stenosis

02/03/2006 12:18 PM

Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care.

The Effect of Traumatic Brain Injury Upon the Concentration and Expression of Interleukin 1beta and Interleukin 10 in the Rat

02/03/2006 12:15 PM

Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care. 60(1):237-239, January 2006

The military medical services need demand-based strategies to ensure the best possible care of the injured in combat and natural disasters without compromising peacetime health care commitments at home and abroad.

Pathophysiologic Aspects of Major Depression Following Traumatic Brain Injury

02/02/2006 10:00 AM

Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. Evaluation and Treatment of Depression Following TBI. 20(6):488-500, November/December 2005

To examine the incidence and intercorrelation of early impaired self-awareness (ISA) and depression after traumatic brain injury (TBI), as well as their contributions to prediction of patients' subjective well-being at discharge from inpatient rehabilitation.

Validity of the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 in Assessing Depression Following Traumatic Brain Injury

02/02/2006 09:59 AM

Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. Evaluation and Treatment of Depression Following TBI. 20(6):512-526, November/December 2005

To examine the utility of the Neurobehavioral Functioning Inventory (NFI) for diagnosing depression in a rehabilitation setting.

The Role of Self Discrepancy Theory in Understanding Post Traumatic Brain Injury Affective Disorders A Pilot Study

02/02/2006 09:56 AM

Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. Evaluation and Treatment of Depression Following TBI. 20(6):544-562, November/December 2005

Depression is a common consequence of traumatic brain injury (TBI), and is a source of substantial distress and disability for persons with TBI and their families. This article offers a practical approach to the evaluation and treatment of this condition. Diagnostic and etiologic considerations relevant to this issue are reviewed first. Next, somatic therapies for posttraumatic depression, including antidepressant medications and electroconvulsive therapy, are discussed. Use of these therapies is also considered in the context of the common medical and neurological comorbidities among persons with TBI. Finally, psychosocial interventions relevant to the care of persons with posttraumatic depression are presented.

Botulinum Neurotoxin in Muscle Overactivity

02/02/2006 09:47 AM

Aging and Mental Health, Volume 10, Number 1, Number 1/January 2006, pp. 27-32(6)

The present pilot study investigated the pattern of neuropsychological functioning associated with the presence of delusions in mild-to-moderate dementia. Participants, all of whom met criteria for dementia, were divided into two groups, delusional ( n ?=?9) and non-delusional ( n ?=?9). Individuals with hallucinations were excluded. Participants completed a neuropsychological test battery. Global cognitive functioning (MMSE) and behavioral disturbance (BEHAVE-AD) were also assessed. Differences between the delusional and non-delusional group were most marked for immediate recall of stories, which was higher in the non-delusional group. Scores on semantic fluency, attention (mental control), and overall cognitive functioning (MMSE) were also lower in the delusional group. Conversely, simple attention span (Digit Span) was within normal limits in both groups. Floor effects were noted on measures of delayed recall and alternating attention. This study supports previous findings of greater neuropsychological impairment in delusional as compared to non-delusional individuals with dementia. However, some areas of cognitive functioning may be relatively preserved. Future research should examine semantic processing in persons with dementia with and without delusions.

Large intradiploic growing skull fracture of the posterior fossa

02/02/2006 09:44 AM

The Lancet 28 January 2006-3 February 2006, Pages 320-326

Increased consumption of fruit and vegetables has been shown to be associated with a reduced risk of stroke in most epidemiological studies, although the extent of the association is uncertain. We quantitatively assessed the relation between fruit and vegetable intake and incidence of stroke in a meta-analysis of cohort studies.

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