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Cancer Research 68, 10300-10306, December 15, 2008
An additional tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 9p telomeric to the CDKN2A/B locus has long been postulated to exist. Using Affymetrix 250K single nucleotide polymorphism arrays to screen for copy number changes in glioblastoma multiforme
(GBM), we detected a high frequency of deletions of the PTPRD gene, which encodes a receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase at chromosome 9p23-24.1.
Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation Year : 2009 Volume : 20 Issue : 1 Page : 102-105
Renal scarring and renal failure remain life-threatening for children born with spinal
dysraphism. An early start of therapy helps to safeguard renal function for such children and avoid end-stage renal disease.
Medical Hypotheses published online 25 November 2008
Melanomas occur more frequently among subjects with Parkinson's disease (PD) and a biological explanation for this epidemiological observation is lacking. It is also well-known that pigmentation genes play an important role in the development of melanomas. It is therefore suggested that the link between both diseases resides in genes that regulate pigmentation.
Archives of Iranian Medicine, Volume 11, Number 6, 2008: 649 - 653
It has long been recognized that in some individuals a wide variety of external stimuli can precipitate epileptic seizures. Today these kinds of epilepsies are known as reflex epilepsies. Nearly 5% of adult and 10% of pediatric epilepsies are reflex epilepsies.
Journal of Psychophysiology Volume 22, Number 1 / 2008 14-19
The results of our pilot study suggested that one session of high frequency rTMS applied over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
(DLPFC) might induce measurable positive effects on executive functioning in patients with mild cognitive impairment of the vascular type without dementia (MCI-V).
Drug Development Research Volume 69 Issue 7, Pages 407 - 414
Substantial progress has been made in the clinical application of molecularly targeted proteinaceous cytotoxins for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme
(GBM), a primary brain tumor of dismal prognosis.
Journal of Psychophysiology Volume 22, Number 3 / 2008 150-156
Brain processing at varying levels of functional complexity and emotional reactions to relatives are anecdotally reported by the caregivers of patients in a vegetative state.
To compare predicted and final infarct lesion volumes determined by processing apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps derived at admission diffusion-weighted
(DW) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in patients with acute stroke and to verify that predicted areas of infarct growth reflect at-risk penumbral regions based on recanalization status.
PEDIATRICS Vol. 123 No. 1 January 2009, pp. 319-326
Our goal was to compare the patterns of brain injury detected by computed tomography, conventional MRI (T1- and T2-weighted sequences), and diffusion-weighted MRI in a cohort of term newborns with neonatal encephalopathy studied uniformly with all 3 modalities on the third day of life.
Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science Volume 7, Number 1 / February, 2009 3-7
To observe the effects of pretreatment and treatment with electroacupuncture on the ability of learning and memory in rats with ischemia-reperfusion injury, and to provide the research basis for preventing and treating the disorder of learning and memory in patients with apoplectic
sequelae.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis First Published on: 26 December 2008
The genetic causes of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are slowly being dissected out with the help of recent advances in genetic technology. Linkage studies and association studies examining candidate genes, candidate pathways, and genome-wide association have been used, based on direct sequencing and correlations between genetic variations.
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of APOE genotype and the feasibility of administering an apolipoprotein E-mimetic therapeutic to modify outcomes in a murine model of intracerebral hemorrhage.
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) might confer a higher resistance to intravenous thrombolysis in acute middle cerebral artery (MCA) ischemic stroke. MetS increases the risk of stroke in women to a greater extent than in men.
We sought to assess whether the volume of the ischemic penumbra can be estimated more accurately by altering the threshold selected for defining perfusion-weighting imaging
(PWI) lesions.
The purpose of this study was to compare definitions of metabolic syndrome with regard to their prediction of stroke and coronary heart disease incidence.
White matter lesions (WML) in brain aging are linked to dementia and depression. Ischemia contributes to their pathogenesis but other mechanisms may contribute.
We sought to build models that address questions of interest to patients and families by predicting short- and long-term mortality and functional outcome after ischemic stroke, while allowing for risk restratification as comorbid events accumulate.
Despite strong evidence for hand preference and its impact on motor performance, its influence on stroke rehabilitation has not been routinely considered.
Modified constraint-induced therapy (mCIT) is an outpatient therapy encouraging repetitive, task-specific practice with the affected arm. mCIT has shown efficacy in all stages
poststroke.
Leisure-time physical activity protects from stroke. It is insufficiently established whether early lifetime physical activity is independently protective and whether some etiologic stroke subgroups particularly benefit from physical activity.
With decision-analytic models becoming more popular to assess the cost-effectiveness of health care interventions, the need for robust estimates on the costs of cerebrovascular disease is paramount.
PHYS THER Vol. 88, No. 12, December 2008, pp. 1529-1540
Protection motivation theory (PMT) has been used in more than 20 different health-related fields to study intentions and behavior, albeit primarily outside the area of injury rehabilitation.
PHYS THER Vol. 88, No. 12, December 2008, pp. 1554-1567
The upper-extremity (UE) and lower-extremity (LE) sections (excluding balance) of the motor function domain of the
Fugl-Meyer (FM) assessment scale (a construct referred to here as the FM motor scale) are recognized as a robust part of the scale for use with people after stroke.
PHYS THER Vol. 88, No. 12, December 2008, pp. 1517-1524
The optimal adjunctive therapy for wounds that fail to heal despite conventional wound care has not been established. Clinical evidence suggests improved healing in wounds treated with noncontact ultrasound therapy
(NCUT).
Previous studies on working memory (WM) function in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) suggested aberrant activation of the prefrontal cortex and the cerebellum.
This article reviews progress and challenges in model driven EEG/fMRI fusion with a focus on brain oscillations. Fusion is the combination of both imaging modalities based on a cascade of forward models from ensemble of post-synaptic potentials
(ePSP) to net primary current densities (nPCD) to EEG; and from ePSP to vasomotor feed forward signal
(VFFSS) to BOLD.
Although axons within neuromas have been shown to produce inappropriate spontaneous ectopic discharges, the molecular basis for pain in patients with neuromas is still not fully understood.
A quantitative, voxel-wise meta-analysis was performed to investigate the cortical control of water and saliva swallowing. Studies that were included in the meta-analysis (1) examined water swallowing, saliva swallowing, or both, and (2) reported brain activation as coordinates in standard space.
Prematurely born infants are at risk for development of neurocognitive impairment in later life. Oxygen treatment has been recently identified as a trigger of neuronal and oligodendrocyte apoptosis in the developing rodent brain. We investigated the role of the Fas death receptor pathway in oxygen-triggered developmental brain injury.
Cerebral perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) in neonates is known to be technically difficult and there are very few published studies on its use in preterm infants.
Child's Nervous System 0256-7040 (Print) 10.1007/s00381-008-0781-7
The salvage therapy of recurrent embryonal brain tumors in children is disappointing. Temozolomide is a newly developed chemotherapeutic agent in central nervous system tumors.
Associations between the site of brain injury and poststroke gait impairment are poorly understood. Temporal gait asymmetry after stroke is a salient index of gait dysfunction that has important functional consequences.
MRI biomarkers play an important role in the diagnostic work-up of dementia, but their prognostic value is less well-understood. We investigated if simple MRI rating scales predict mortality in a memory clinic population.
To rely on the anatomical organization of the hippocampal formation in understanding whether and how late-life diseases such as diabetes and stroke contribute to age-related cognitive decline.
Hyperglycemia has been recognized for decades to be an exacerbating factor in ischemic stroke, but the mechanism of this effect remains unresolved. Here, we evaluated superoxide production by neuronal nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
(NADPH) oxidase as a possible link between glucose metabolism and neuronal death in ischemia-reperfusion.
Network mechanisms responsible for focal seizure initiation are still largely unknown. One of the prevalent seizure patterns observed during diagnostic intracranial recordings performed in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy is characterized by fast activity at 20 to 30Hz.
Magnetic resonance imaging at 7 Tesla produces high-resolution gradient-echo phase images of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) that quantify the local field shifts from iron in the basal ganglia and lesions.
To analyze the clinical significance of hyperintense white matter (WM) lesions in both symptomatic and asymptomatic systemic lupus erythematosus
(SLE) patients.
Isolated nodular infarction has rarely been described in human. The purpose of this study is to report clinical and laboratory findings of isolated nodular infarction.
We previously used exploratory analyses across the entire cortex to determine that mild Alzheimer disease (AD) is reliably associated with a cortical signature of thinning in specific limbic and association regions.
Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Volume 13, Number 3 / Winter 2008 - Perspectives on Ethical Issues and Dilemmas 82-94
This article explores the idea of extending 'compassion' toward persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) from the perspective of the contemporary insurance marketplace and its familiar reliance on actuarialization and premium pricing practices.
The incidence of tick-borne encephalitis showed a dramatic spike in several countries in Europe in 2006, a year that was unusually cold in winter but unusually warm and dry in summer and autumn.
Acta Neurologica Scandinavica Published Online: 22 Dec 2008
Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) is the major inhibitor of
fibrinolysis. It was reported that PAI-1 gene polymorphisms affected PAI-1 level and might therefore influence the risk of vascular diseases, including stroke.
Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care. 65(6):1293-1297, December 2008
Repeat head computed tomography (CT) is standard practice for traumatic brain injury (TBI) at many centers. The few studies available in children remain unclear over the value of repeat CT within 24 hours to 48 hours of lesion in such patients.
Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care. 65(6):1309-1313, December 2008
The evidence-based Scandinavian Guidelines for the Initial Management of Minimal, Mild, and Moderate Head Injuries were developed to provide safe and cost-effective assessment of patients.
Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care. 65(6):1328-1332, December 2008
Respiratory complications can undermine outcome from low cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) (C5-T1). Most devastating of these is catastrophic loss of airway control. This study sought to determine the incidence and effect of catastrophic airway loss
(CLA) and to define the need for elective intubation with subsequent tracheostomy to prevent potentially fatal outcomes.
Acta Neurologica Scandinavica Published Online: 22 Dec 2008
A highly adaptive aspect of human memory is the enhancement of explicit, consciously accessible memory by emotional stimuli. We studied the performance of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and elderly controls using a memory battery with emotional content, and we correlated these results with the amygdala and hippocampus volume.
Idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a potential preclinical marker for the development of neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Parkinson disease (PD) and Lewy body dementia.
Epilepsy Research Volume 83, Issue 1, Pages 89-93 (January 2009)
The role of bicarbonate (HCO3-) in GABAA receptor-mediated depolarization of human hypothalamic hamartoma
(HH) neurons was investigated using cellular electrophysiological and calcium imaging techniques.
Epilepsy Research Volume 83, Issue 1, Pages 81-88 (January 2009)
De novo depression is a common psychiatric sequelae of epilepsy surgery. To date, no studies have described possible clinical correlates of de novo depression in this population.
Epilepsy Research Volume 83, Issue 1, Pages 73-80 (January 2009)
On the basis of the evidence of the enhanced susceptibility to kainate-induced seizures in zinc-deficient mice and rats, the mechanism of the enhanced susceptibility was examined focused on neuronal Ca2+ mobilization.
Epilepsy Research Volume 83, Issue 1, Pages 66-72 (January 2009)
Carisbamate (RWJ-333369; (S)-2-O-carbamoyl-1-o-chlorophenyl-ethanol) is a novel investigational antiepileptic drug that exhibits a broad-spectrum of activity in a number of animal models of seizure and drug refractory epilepsy.
Epilepsy Research Volume 83, Issue 1, Pages 58-65 (January 2009)
The purpose of this study is to weigh psychological state, patients' demographics, seizure-related factors, and medical comorbidity in older adults with epilepsy against the same parameters in younger adults in an attempt to identify best quality of life
(QoL) predictors.
Epilepsy Research Volume 83, Issue 1, Pages 52-57 (January 2009)
We aimed to ascertain whether family history of major congenital malformations
(MCMs) was increased in women with epilepsy (WWE) compared to controls (spouses) and whether family history of MCM was associated with occurrence of MCM in the offspring.
Epilepsy Research Volume 83, Issue 1, Pages 44-51 (January 2009)
Levetiracetam (LEV), a newer antiepileptic drug (AED) useful for several epilepsy syndromes, binds to SV2A. Identifying genetic variants that influence response to LEV may allow more tailored use of LEV.
Clinical Microbiology and Infection Published Online: 23 Dec 2008
Despite evidence that socio-economic factors associated with political transition played a major causal role in the abrupt upsurge in tick-borne encephalitis
(TBE) in the newly independent Baltic States, doubts are still repeatedly expressed about the importance of these factors relative to changes in public health practices that may have affected merely the registration of cases.
Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care. 65(6):1303-1308, December 2008
Patients are living longer with cardiovascular disease managed with antiplatelet drugs. These seniors are asked to be more physically active and are prone to falls or injuries. Few have studied the mortality or morbidity from anticoagulants in patients with traumatic brain injuries (TBI). With the increasing use of clopidogrel in the elderly, studies on the consequences of TBI are warranted.
Annals of the Indian Academy of Neurology Year : 2008 Volume : 11 Issue : 4 Page : 254-256
Flexor spasms are involuntary muscle contractions comprising dorsiflexion at the ankle and flexion at the knee and the hip, occurring as a result of nociceptive spinal release reflex.
Annals of the Indian Academy of Neurology Year : 2008 Volume : 11 Issue : 4 Page : 251-253
Carbon monoxide poisoning is not uncommon during the winter months. To make a diagnosis, strong clinical suspicion and acumen, and history of the exposure are necessary.
Annals of the Indian Academy of Neurology Year : 2008 Volume : 11 Issue : 4 Page : 203-206
There exist individual, institutional and national barriers to change, none more so than when introducing new therapies into medical practice especially those that involve organizational change.
Annals of the Indian Academy of Neurology Year : 2008 Volume : 11 Issue : 4 Page : 221-224
Given the constraints of resources, thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is under evaluation in developing countries like India, especially in areas such as western Utter Pradesh, where it is overly crowded and there is poor affordability.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:80-83
Recent studies have suggested that there may be functional and structural changes in the cerebellum of patients with adult onset primary focal
dystonia. The aim of this study was to establish whether there is any neurophysiological indicator of abnormal cerebellar function, using the classic eyeblink conditioning paradigm.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:41-47
To assess, by using quantitative MRI metrics, structural and metabolic brain abnormalities in subjects with preclinical cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leucoencephalopathy
(CADASIL).
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:24-28
Patients suffering from Parkinson's disease (PD) often complain about painful sensations. Recent studies detected increased subjective pain sensitivity and increased spinal nociception, which appeared to be reversible by dopaminergic treatment. Possibly, reduced descending pain inhibition contributes to this finding.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:88-90
The aim of this study was to estimate the frequency of falls in people with
Huntington's disease (HD) and make a preliminary assessment of tools appropriate for assessing the risk of falling.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:48-52
Atherosclerotic middle cerebral artery (MCA) disease may produce subcortical infarction either in the upper part (corona
radiata, CR) or in the lower area (internal capsule, IC) of the pyramidal tract. The study aimed to see whether the location of MCA stenosis (proximal vs distal) determines the location of subcortical infarction.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:91-93
Patients can sustain injuries during seizures and the pattern and type of injury
(eg, tongue biting) can be a useful silent witness in the diagnosis of seizures. In addition, the seizure type potentially influences the type of injury.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:53-55
To define the temporal evolution of intrinsic tissue damage and atrophy in the cervical cord and the brain portion of the corticospinal tracts (CST) from patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
(ALS).
Annals of the Indian Academy of Neurology Year : 2008 Volume : 11 Issue : 4 Page : 257-258
We report the case of a 59-year-old woman with Multiple System Atrophy - cerebellar
(MSA-C) type, who presented with two years' history of gait unsteadiness associated with dysarthria and bladder incontinence of one-year duration.
Annals of the Indian Academy of Neurology Year : 2008 Volume : 11 Issue : 4 Page : 225-230
To assess the quality of life (QoL) and prevalence of psychological problems (PP) in patients with neurological illness, and their correlation with functional abilities.
Annals of the Indian Academy of Neurology Year : 2008 Volume : 11 Issue : 4 Page : 207-220
Several aspects of physiology, notably blood pressure, body temperature, blood glucose, and blood oxygen saturation, may be altered after an ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage.
Previous studies on working memory (WM) function in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) suggested aberrant activation of the prefrontal cortex and the cerebellum.
This article reviews progress and challenges in model driven EEG/fMRI fusion with a focus on brain oscillations. Fusion is the combination of both imaging modalities based on a cascade of forward models from ensemble of post-synaptic potentials
(ePSP) to net primary current densities (nPCD) to EEG; and from ePSP to vasomotor feed forward signal
(VFFSS) to BOLD.
A quantitative, voxel-wise meta-analysis was performed to investigate the cortical control of water and saliva swallowing. Studies that were included in the meta-analysis (1) examined water swallowing, saliva swallowing, or both, and (2) reported brain activation as coordinates in standard space.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Volume 18, Issue 1, Pages 74-77 (January 2009)
Thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator is the only established treatment for acute ischemic stroke. Recurrent ischemic stroke involving an initially unaffected arterial territory during the course of thrombolysis has been reported but remains exceptionally rare.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Volume 18, Issue 1, Pages 72-73 (January 2009)
Alien hand syndrome is a rare condition that can result from neurodegenerative disorders, tumors, or strokes. We encountered an acute presentation of alien hand syndrome from a right parietal ischemic stroke.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Volume 18, Issue 1, Pages 68-71 (January 2009)
Stroke caused by acute occlusion of basilar artery (AOBA) produces high risk of death. In eligible patients, thrombolysis significantly reduces mortality and disability rate.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Volume 18, Issue 1, Pages 56-59 (January 2009)
A single optimal outcome measure in acute stroke has not been established. Changes in neurologic deficits might be useful outcome measures in acute stroke because they can measure within-subject changes on the entire spectrum of the scales starting at baseline.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Volume 18, Issue 1, Pages 48-55 (January 2009)
Information on risk factors and outcome of persons with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
(SAH) in Mexico is unknown. We sought to describe the clinical characteristics, risk factors, and outcome at discharge of Mexican patients with aneurysmal
SAH.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Volume 18, Issue 1, Pages 41-47 (January 2009)
We sought to compare the effects of a radio frequency-controlled neuroprosthesis on gait stability and symmetry to the effects obtained with a standard ankle-foot orthosis
(AFO).
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Volume 18, Issue 1, Pages 38-40 (January 2009)
Although influenza-related morbidity and mortality is high, and influenza can be a trigger for recurrent stroke, only about half of stroke survivors receive yearly influenza vaccination.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Volume 18, Issue 1, Pages 32-37 (January 2009)
The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of silent brain lesions on cognitive function of community-dwelling elderly individuals. Brain magnetic resonance imaging and other medical examinations were performed on 350 nondemented elderly individuals (121 male and 229 female, average age 72.4 years) who resided in the rural community of Sefuri Village, Saga, Japan.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Volume 18, Issue 1, Pages 28-31 (January 2009)
Straight sinus vein thrombosis represents 15% of all diagnosed sinus vein thrombosis. Thrombotic occlusion of the deep cerebral venous system, the straight sinus, and the vein of Galen causes centrally located and usually bilateral thalamic infarcts.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Volume 18, Issue 1, Pages 23-27 (January 2009)
Ancrod, a fibrinogen-reducing agent, has been evaluated as treatment beginning within 3 or 6 hours of onset of acute ischemic stroke with inconsistent results. The data sets from these studies provide an opportunity to determine whether
ancrod-related variables are associated with efficacy and safety.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Volume 18, Issue 1, Pages 17-22 (January 2009)
Thrombolytic treatment for stroke carries the potential for a better functional outcome, but also a risk of intracranial hemorrhage and death. Ideally, the decision to treat should be based on the patient's preferences.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Volume 18, Issue 1, Pages 11-16 (January 2009)
Cerebrovascular disease is among the 4 main causes of mortality in Spain. The objective of this study was to estimate the incidence of stroke and to describe the principal risk factors and other clinical and epidemiologic patterns found in patients.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Volume 18, Issue 1, Pages 1-10 (January 2009)
The treatment of large putaminal hematomas is predominantly medical and the role of surgery is debated. Decompressive hemicraniectomy in large hemispheric infarctions has been reported to lower mortality and improve outcomes. Decompressive hemicraniectomy may also have a role in putaminal
hematomas.
The objective of the study was the validation of the Post-Acute Level of Consciousness scale
(PALOC-s) for use in assessing levels of consciousness of severe brain injured patients in a vegetative state or in a minimally conscious state.
The objective of the study was to examine psychometric characteristics of two measures related to mental slowness experienced after stroke: One measure is aimed at performance on tasks, the other is a questionnaire evaluating perceived consequences of mental slowness.
Deficits in divided attention occur after a mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) but many extant tasks lack sensitivity for detecting subtle cognitive difficulties.
Impaired route learning is a common consequence of acquired brain injury (ABI) but has received little attention in the research literature. Errorless learning may be a method of facilitating the learning of routes but this is unclear as previous studies of errorless learning have focused mainly on verbal skills and the only previous study involving route learning was based upon a pencil and paper task.
Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation Volume 15, Number 3 / May-June 2008 - Current and Emerging Interventions for Restoration of Function in Stroke Rehabilitation 256-261
Most clinicians would recommend speech and language therapy (SLT) for aphasic patients. The question of when and for how long SLT should be administered still remains controversial.
Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation Volume 15, Number 3 / May-June 2008 - Current and Emerging Interventions for Restoration of Function in Stroke Rehabilitation 262-271
This study investigated whether or not individuals with ataxia from stroke improve their upper extremity motor function with intense motor practice.
Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation Volume 15, Number 4 / July-August 2008 - Participation-Level Interventions and Outcome Use in Stroke Research 295-306
Information provision is an integral part of poststroke care, and there is a need to identify how to provide it most effectively. Intervention details, such as content, delivery style, format, and timing, are infrequently reported in the literature.
Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation Volume 15, Number 4 / July-August 2008 - Participation-Level Interventions and Outcome Use in Stroke Research 307-324
Mobile phone use increases social participation. People with the communication disorder of aphasia are disadvantaged in the use of information and communication technology such as mobile phones and are reported to be more socially isolated than their peers.
Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation Volume 15, Number 4 / July-August 2008 - Participation-Level Interventions and Outcome Use in Stroke Research 325-340
The language changes experienced by a person with aphasia following a stroke often have sudden and longlasting negative impact on friendships. Friendship relationships are core to social engagement, quality of life, and emotional well-being.
Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation Volume 15, Number 4 / July-August 2008 - Participation-Level Interventions and Outcome Use in Stroke Research 341-350
To analyse the stroke content in OTseeker in terms of the quantity of the research evidence, the quality of the randomised controlled trials
(RCTs), and the types of interventions and outcome measures used.
Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation Volume 15, Number 4 / July-August 2008 - Participation-Level Interventions and Outcome Use in Stroke Research 351-364
To examine a range of measures used to document client outcomes following stroke, describe the Australian Therapy Outcome Measure for Occupational Therapy
(AusTOMs-OT) as a tool suitable to measure multiple outcomes, and provide an overview of three outcomes research programs using this measure.
Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation Volume 15, Number 4 / July-August 2008 - Participation-Level Interventions and Outcome Use in Stroke Research 384-390
This article will focus on light technology augmentative and alternative communication
(AAC) for people who have recently experienced a stroke with resulting aphasia.
Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation Volume 15, Number 4 / July-August 2008 - Participation-Level Interventions and Outcome Use in Stroke Research 378-383
The clinical functional evaluation is the usual method for dysphagia screening in patients with acute stroke. This study compared two methods of evaluation - with liquid and semisolid viscosities.
Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation Volume 15, Number 5 / Sept-Oct 2008 -
Neuroplasticity: Changing Minds and Changing Function 397-411
There have been exciting new discoveries over the past two decades regarding how plastic the adult brain is in response to behavioral experience, such as motor training.
Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation Volume 15, Number 5 / Sept-Oct 2008 -
Neuroplasticity: Changing Minds and Changing Function 451-455
Although promising for the affected arm, evidence supporting efficacy of surface electromyographytriggered neuromuscular stimulation
(ETMS) is equivocal. Furthermore, the optimal ETMS dosing for any impairment remains unknown.
Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation Volume 15, Number 5 / Sept-Oct 2008 -
Neuroplasticity: Changing Minds and Changing Function 468-483
The role of intensity of aphasia therapy was investigated using functional magnetic resonance imaging
(fMRI) to document changes in neural activation patterns associated with massed versus distributed therapy in an individual with chronic conduction aphasia.
Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation Volume 15, Number 5 / Sept-Oct 2008 -
Neuroplasticity: Changing Minds and Changing Function 456-467
Theoretical constructs on the values of splinting the hand are reviewed. Therapists treating poststroke patients face a fast changing technology environment. This new technology allows scientists and physicians the opportunity to evaluate brain function.
Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation Volume 15, Number 5 / Sept-Oct 2008 -
Neuroplasticity: Changing Minds and Changing Function 494-502
The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore factors that motivated older adults with ischemic stroke to engage in a task-oriented treadmill aerobic exercise
(T-AEX) intervention study.
Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation Volume 15, Number 5 / Sept-Oct 2008 -
Neuroplasticity: Changing Minds and Changing Function 503-520
This evaluation compared a new self-management program with land and water exercise (Moving On after STroke or MOST) to a standard education program (Living with Stroke or
LWS).
Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Volume 14, Number 1 / Summer 2008 - Excercise Paradigms in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation: Evidence and Outcomes 23-38
Technological advances afford individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) the ability to improve locomotor function through the use of body weight-supported (BWS) treadmill training.
Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Volume 13, Number 4 / Spring 2008 - Contemporary Perspectives of Upper Limb Management 1-9
Although approximately half of all people with spinal cord injury (SCI) have upper extremity
(UE) dysfunction, there is a great deal of technology and focus on improving leg strength and retraining gait after SCI and not on UE strength and function.
Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Volume 13, Number 4 / Spring 2008 - Contemporary Perspectives of Upper Limb Management 120-133
Spinal cord injury (SCI) occurs most often in young men at the peak of their reproductive health. Following SCI, most men require medical assistance to reproduce. Recent improvements treating male factor infertility in general have led to a problem for men with SCI.
Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Volume 13, Number 3 / Winter 2008 - Perspectives on Ethical Issues and Dilemmas 95-107
Pain following spinal cord injury (SCI) has been well described in the literature, with specific treatments emerging in recent years for the different subtypes of pain. Treatment of pain and the concomitant reduction of suffering are ethical imperatives for treating staff.
Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Volume 13, Number 3 / Winter 2008 - Perspectives on Ethical Issues and Dilemmas 45-52
Advance care directives are rarely used by people with chronic spinal cord injury, but they could be used more often to protect not only against unwanted treatments but to ensure that desired treatment occurs, particularly as there may be differing perceptions regarding quality of life between the patient and those providing acute care.
NeuroRehabilitation Volume 23, Number 5 / 2008 415-424
The literature related to neurorehabilitation methods specific to older adults is now emerging, the timing of which is important given the epidemiology of acquired brain injury in this population.
In a re-examination of the recognition memory of Jon, a young adult with developmental amnesia due to perinatal hippocampal damage, we used a test procedure that provides estimates of the separate contributions to recognition of recollection and familiarity.
Sang Thrombose Vaisseaux. Volume 20, Number 10, 527-33, Decembre
welve years after FDA approval of rt-PA in the first three hours of stroke, intravenous thrombolysis is still the only effective treatment in the acute phase of stroke. In France, as in other European countries, the number of
rt-PA treated patients is still low (less than 2% of all stroke patients).
Nature advance online publication 21 December 2008 doi:10.1038/nature07677
Spinal muscular atrophy is one of the most common inherited forms of neurological disease leading to infant mortality. Patients have selective loss of lower motor neurons resulting in muscle weakness, paralysis and often death.
Prostaglandin E2 has been connected to processes promoting tumor growth in several human malignancies including
gliomas. The terminal prostaglandin synthases mPGES-1, mPGES-2, and cPGES convert PGH2 into prostaglandin E2.
Mutations in the progranulin (PGRN) gene on chromosome 17 have been shown to be responsible for one
non-tauopathy subtype of familial frontotemporal lobar degeneration - frontotemporal lobar degeneration with
ubiquitinated, tau-negative inclusions (FTLD-U).
Rare cases of intracranial chondromas have been documented in the literature, often after complete surgical excision. We describe a case of giant intracranial tumor at post-mortem examination of a man who had survived 48 years after a partial
debulking.
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common type of brain tumor affecting children. These tumors are a significant cause of childhood mortality and morbidity, and more effective and less invasive treatment options are urgently required.
Extradural hematoma (EDH) is usually a post-traumatic sequel but a few cases of spontaneous EDH have been reported. Here we report a woman who presented with spontaneous acute EDH but was later found to have dural metastasis from lung carcinoma. Causal factors have been present in all reported cases, as well as in this case. We propose the term non-traumatic
EDH.
Influenza remains a leading cause of vaccine-preventable death in the USA. Vaccination rates in the eligible general population are well below targets, and rates in stroke survivors are unknown.
Small-vessel knock is a recently reported Doppler ultrasound finding that has been identified in patients with cerebral ischemia. It has been hypothesized that knock-type signals are linked to the presence of either small-vessel occlusion or wall motion.
Inflammation plays a critical role in the development of vascular disease, and increased levels of the inflammatory biomarkers, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein
(hs-CRP) have been shown to be associated with an increased risk for ischemic stroke.
Patients with abnormal hemostasis are not considered candidates for thrombolysis. We analyzed the MERCI/Multi MERCI cohort as an attempt to establish the risks and benefits of thrombectomy in this patient population.
Although the relation between serum LDL cholesterol level and coronary heart disease
(CHD) is well established, its relation with stroke subtypes is less clear.
We sought to determine if patients with intracranial stenosis who have a transient ischemic attack or stroke on antithrombotic therapy are at particularly high risk for recurrent stroke.
Changes in shear and medial wall stress induced by blood flow contribute to vascular remodeling, but details of these relations remain undefined. We hypothesized that remodeling has a strong genetic component and that phenotypic responses to hemodynamic stress will differ among rat strains.
Lacunar stroke is associated with an intrinsic cerebral small vessel disorder of unknown etiology, although possible causes include increased blood-brain barrier permeability. Retinal arterioles are similar to cerebral small vessels and retinopathy occurs secondary to increased blood-retinal barrier permeability.
To further determine the mechanisms of cryptogenic stroke or transient ischemic attack in young patients, we evaluated indices of atherosclerosis in patients <55 years old diagnosed with cryptogenic cerebrovascular event comparing those with patent foramen ovale
(PFO) with those without PFO.
Investigators developing cellular therapy for stroke face many challenges. Preclinical models used for cellular therapy studies should be relevant to human stroke and predictive of benefit despite differences in stroke size, cerebrovascular anatomy, immune status, and neurological responses.
The burden of stroke is increasing in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) as the population undergoes epidemiological and demographic transition. Little is known about the nature (risk factors, stroke type and subtype, and causes) of stroke in SSA and whether it differs from stroke in high-income populations.
p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA), a BH3-only member of the Bcl-2 protein family, is required for p53-dependent and -independent forms of apoptosis. PUMA localizes to mitochondria and interacts with antiapoptotic Bcl-2 and
Bcl-XL or proapoptotic Bax in response to death stimuli.
Most diffusion MRI studies of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episode stroke-like lesions report high- or normal-apparent diffusion coefficient, and this has been used to differentiate stroke-like lesion from ischemic stroke.
The level of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in cerebrospinal fluid is elevated in subarachnoid hemorrhage
(SAH). Therefore, the contractile effect of PDGF on the basilar artery was examined in
SAH.
Few studies have focused on long-term changes in the caregiving experience after stroke. This study assessed changes in the psychosocial functioning of spouses (burden, depressive symptoms, harmony in the relationship between patient and spouse, and social relations) during the first 3 years after stroke and identified predictors of the course of spouses' psychosocial functioning based on the characteristics of patients and spouses with special emphasis on coping style.
Knock-type Doppler signals (KTDS) are detectable by transcranial Doppler, and it has been hypothesized that they are related to an occlusion of a small perforating artery and microvascular ischemia. However, the nature of KTDS has not been prospectively defined.
Evidence is accumulating regarding the prognostic influence of hyperglycemia in patients with acute ischemic stroke. However, the level associated with poor outcome is unknown.
Chronic cerebral ischemia leads to higher risk for strokes attributable to insufficient collateralization, resulting from inadequate capacity for arteriogenesis and angiogenesis. Patients with Moyamoya disease
(MMD) have similar transient ischemic attack frequencies compared to patients with chronic cerebral ischemia with other etiologies, but a strong capacity for arteriogenesis and angiogenesis.
Electrocardiographic abnormalities are common after subarachnoid hemorrhage, but their significance remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to determine whether any specific electrocardiographic abnormalities are independently associated with adverse neurological outcomes.
Laminopathies arise through mutations in genes encoding Lamin A/C (LMNA) or associated proteins. They cause 4 different groups of disorders with diverse severity and often overlapping features: diseases of striated muscle (leading to muscular or cardiac involvement), peripheral neuropathy, lipodystrophy syndromes, and accelerated aging disorders.
Trends in Neurosciences, 28 October 2008 doi:10.1016/j.tins.2008.09.006
Thrombolysis with tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) is used for the treatment of patients with acute ischemic stroke. However, a growing body of evidence indicates that, besides the unquestionable benefit from its thrombolytic activity, tPA also has a deleterious effect on the ischemic brain including cytotoxicity and increased permeability of the neurovascular unit with the development of cerebral edema.
Trends in Neurosciences, 31 October 2008 doi:10.1016/j.tins.2008.09.007
Two of the most striking properties of the cerebellum are its control in timing of motor operations and its ability to adapt behavior to new sensorimotor associations.
Trends in Neurosciences Volume 31, Issue 12, 617-625, 27 October 2008
The olivo-cerebellar system has been implicated in temporal coordination of task components. Here, we propose a novel model that enables the olivo-cerebellar system to function as a generator of temporal patterns.
Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Volume 13, Number 4 / Spring 2008 - Contemporary Perspectives of Upper Limb Management 86-119
The increased demand on the upper limbs during manual wheelchair use results in a high prevalence of shoulder pathology in people with spinal cord injury (SCI). Because individuals with SCI are dependent on their upper extremities for mobility and daily activities, shoulder dysfunction can present a devastating loss of independence and decreased quality of life.
Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Volume 13, Number 3 / Winter 2008 - Perspectives on Ethical Issues and Dilemmas 30-44
Some of the most difficult issues in spinal cord injury (SCI) medicine occur when existential questions arise, for example, when is life with SCI not worth living? As a static, nonprogressive disability, high levels of SCI are usually compatible with a long lifespan-even when a ventilator is required to sustain life.
Internal Medicine Journal, Volume 38, Number 11, November 2008 , pp. 865-867(3)
Thromboembolic complications, such as deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, are well recognized in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
(IBD). We describe three cases of cerebral venous thrombosis complicating ulcerative colitis.
The Journal of Headache and Pain 1129-2369 (Print) 10.1007/s10194-008-0088-9
Hemicrania continua (HC) is a primary headache disorder characterized by a continuous, unilateral headache that varies in intensity, waxing and waning without disappearing completely.
Ropinirole is a dopamine agonist, approved for use to treat symptoms of early and advanced Parkinson's disease, is now available in a 24-hour formulation in addition to the immediate release version.
The purpose of this article is to present the imaging findings of skeletal and brain abnormalities in thanatophoric dwarfism, a lethal form of dysplastic dwarfism.
The aim of this article is to review the embryology of the choroid plexus and the spectrum of disorders involving the choroid plexus in children and to illustrate their radiologic features.
European Journal of NeuroscienceVolume 29 Issue 1, Pages 42 - 54
Calcyon is a single transmembrane endocytic protein that regulates clathrin assembly and
clathrin-mediated endocytosis in the brain. Ultrastructural studies indicate that calcyon localizes to spines, but whether it regulates glutamate neurotransmission is not known.
European Journal of Neuroscience Volume 29 Issue 1, Pages 181 - 187
Top-down control processes are thought to interact with bottom-up stimulus-driven task demands to facilitate the smooth execution of
behaviour. Frontal and midline brain areas in humans are believed to subserve these control processes but their distinct roles and the interactions between them remain to be fully elucidated.
The clinical consequences of whiplash injuries resulting from a motor vehicle accident
(MVA) are poorly understood. Thereby, there is general lack of research on the development of disability in patients with acute and chronic Whiplash Associated Disorders.
Pediatric Blood & Cancer Published Online: 17 Dec 2008
Primary orbital primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) is rare with no reported series. We report six cases of orbital PNET treated at a tertiary care oncology center in northern India from 2003 to 2008.
Unilateral homonymous visual field disorders after brain damage are frequently associated with a severe impairment of reading, called hemianopic dyslexia. A specific treatment method has been developed which allows patients to regain sufficient reading performance by re-learning eye-movement control in reading through systematic oculomotor practice.
The pathophysiology of auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) is largely unknown. Several functional imaging studies have measured cerebral activation during these hallucinations, but sample sizes were relatively small (one to eight subjects) and findings inconsistent.
Central sensitization caused by prolonged nociceptive input from muscles is considered to play an important role for chronification of tension-type headache.
Recent theories propose that anosognosia for hemiplegia (AHP) results from specific impairments in motor planning. However, no study has hitherto directly investigated the role of motor intention in the observed non-veridical awareness of action in
AHP.
Memory and attentional control impairments are the two most common forms of dysfunction following mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) and lead to significant morbidity in patients, yet these functions are thought to be supported by different brain networks.
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a surgical procedure that has been shown effective in improving the cardinal motor signs of advanced Parkinson's disease, however, declines in cognitive function have been associated with bilateral subthalamic nucleus
(STN) DBS.
Hemispatial neglect is common after unilateral brain damage, particularly to perisylvian structures in the right-hemisphere (RH). In this disabling syndrome, behaviour and awareness are biased away from the contralesional side of space towards the ipsilesional side.
Clinical evidence of impaired arm swing while walking in patients with Parkinson's disease suggests that basal ganglia and related systems play an important part in the control of upper limb locomotor automatism.
Hyperglycemia after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with poor outcome. In this study, we examined the incidence and risk factors for perioperative hyperglycemia in children with TBI.
Spinal Cord advance online publication 23 December 2008;
doi: 10.1038/sc.2008.157
Idiopathic transverse myelitis (I-TM) is typically monophasic, while relapsing forms are usually referred to spinal cord-restricted neuromyelitis optica
(NMO), atypical multiple sclerosis (MS), or myelitis during the course of infections and
connectivitis.
Spinal Cord advance online publication 23 December 2008; doi: 10.1038/sc.2008.159
Short-term results find transanal colonic irrigation (TAI) favourable in the treatment of neurogenic bowel dysfunction (NBD). Therefore, long-term results need to be described.
Spinal Cord advance online publication 23 December 2008;
doi: 10.1038/sc.2008.165
Although muscarinic receptors are the main targets for the treatment of detrusor overactivity today, anticholinergic therapy is not satisfying in a substantial percentage of patients.
Spinal Cord advance online publication 23 December 2008; doi: 10.1038/sc.2008.162
To determine the relationship between improvements of the American Spinal Injury Association/International Spinal Cord Society
(ASIA/ISCoS) neurological standard scale (AIS) outcome measure and improvements of functional ambulatory outcome measures in patients with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI).
Spinal Cord advance online publication 23 December 2008;
doi: 10.1038/sc.2008.160
To examine patterns of participation in activities of daily living (ADL) and fitness-related factors associated with these patterns among individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI).
Purpose Our purpose was to study the association between the intracranial atherosclerosis as measured by cavernous carotid artery calcification
(ICAC) observed on head CT and atrophic changes of supra-tentorial brain demonstrated by
MRI.
Cerebrovascular complications are severe events following orthotopic liver transplantation
(OLT). This study aimed to observe the clinical and neuroimaging features and possible risk factors of in-hospital cerebrovascular complications in the patients who underwent
OLT.
To identify the health and social care services used by young adults aged 18-25 years with acquired brain injury
(ABI) and the costs of these supports.
To explore the possibility of identifying skull fracture, with or without clinical signs, as a predictor of positive CT scans in mild traumatic brain injury
(mTBI).
The researchers implemented a traumatic brain injury (TBI) screening procedure in settings likely to have relatively frequent contacts with survivors to better document TBI occurrence among populations at high-risk for under-identification.
To evaluate the association of demographic factors, post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) and a standardized measure of ability limitations with clinical decisions for Next Level of Care following acute hospital treatment for moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).
To assess the ecological validity of the Screening Module of the Neuropsychological Assessment Battery (NAB-SM) using the Functional Independence Measure
(FIM).
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Volume 89, Issue 12, Pages 2227-2238 (December 2008)
To determine the relative efficacy of 2 different acute traumatic brain injury (TBI) rehabilitation approaches: cognitive didactic versus functional-experiential, and secondarily to determine relative efficacy for different patient subpopulations.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Volume 89, Issue 12, Pages 2274-2277 (December 2008)
To describe changes in inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF) outcomes due to the program interruption definitional change, from 30 days to 3 days, in 2002.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Volume 89, Issue 12, Pages 2349-2353 (December 2008)
The first objective was to assess group differences for specific airway conductance
(sGaw) among subjects with tetraplegia, high paraplegia (HP: T2-T6), and low paraplegia (LP: T10-L4).
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Volume 89, Issue 12, Pages 2239-2249 (December 2008)
To evaluate the effectiveness of comprehensive, holistic neuropsychologic (NP) rehabilitation compared with standard, multidisciplinary rehabilitation for people with traumatic brain injury (TBI).
European Journal of Pediatrics 0340-6199 (Print) 10.1007/s00431-008-0891-y
Data on the prevalence of congenital heart defects (CHD) in neuroblastoma patients are inconsistent. If CHD are more common in neuroblastoma patients than in the general population, cardiac screening might be warranted.
Acute stroke is the third leading cause of death in western societies after ischemic heart disease and cancer. Although it is an emergency disease sharing the same atherosclerotic risk factors with ischemic heart disease, the association of renal function and stroke is poorly investigated.
Journal of Nursing Care Quality. 24(1):33-41, January/March 2009
A large veteran's hospital participated in a year-long collaborative project across 9 hospitals to reduce serious injury from falls in acute care, targeting medical-surgical units. The primary objective of this project was to develop and test a set of interventions (bundles) to prevent serious physical injury (fractures and hemorrhagic bleeds) from patient falls.
This study evaluated the mechanical properties and the surface elemental composition of Yasargil Phynox aneurysm clips implanted for 10 years in a patient with cerebral aneurysm.
DIDMOAD or Wolfram syndrome is a hereditary disorder characterized by early onset diabetes and optic atrophy. Besides these features, a variety of other symptoms have been described including psychiatrical abnormalities leading to hospitalization in about 25% of all patients. To our knowledge, until now, a detailed characterization of these psychiatric symptoms does not exist.
In acute stroke trials, functional outcome may be analyzed by dichotomizing ordinal outcome scales or by evaluating the entire scale range (shift analysis). The conditions under which shift or binary analysis will be more efficient have not been previously well delineated.
We present the rare case of an adult patient, FS, who had a right anterior temporal lobe resection during infancy to treat intractable epilepsy, and underwent a cognitive evaluation 19 years later. Given the paucity of literature on long-term outcomes for infants who receive neurosurgery for epilepsy, this case provides valuable information for both clinicians and patients.
Parkinson disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease affecting up to 1 million individuals in the United States. Depression affects up to 50% of these patients and is associated with a variety of poor outcomes for patients and their families. Despite this, there are few evidence-based data to guide clinical care.
Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) have recently become the center of attention since they are thought to share some characteristics with experimental ischemic preconditioning
(IPC).
Thrombolytic therapy is frequently withheld in patients with minor stroke symptoms. However, recent studies demonstrate that a substantial proportion of these patients dies or remains permanently disabled because of underestimation of symptom severity at baseline or secondary deterioration.
Obstructive sleep apnea is a very common condition after stroke, and it predicts poor outcomes. Unfortunately, stroke patients often do not tolerate continuous positive airway pressure.
Pulse pressure (PP) in acute stroke may be related to the outcome. The link between PP in the first week following ischemic stroke and early outcome was assessed.
Lacunar infarcts and white matter changes have been linked to cognitive impairment. Patients with lacunar strokes can also develop seizures, although the relationship between the two remains unclear.
Transient ischemic attacks (TIA) predict future stroke. However, there are no sensitive and specific diagnostic criteria for TIA and interobserver agreement regarding the diagnosis is poor.
Acute ischemic stroke is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in industrialized nations. The sequel of stroke ranges from mild to severe disability and even death. Since the impairment may be permanent, the costs to society from work incapacity and the need for long-term care can be high. Additionally, the burden of suffering associated with the disease may have devastating effects on individuals and families.
Surgery is the first line treatment for low-grade neuroblastomas. In stage I tumors, the presence of MYCN amplification is rarely detected and the Shimada histology is not always taken into consideration when deciding on the treatment.
The aim of the study was to investigate, with an rTMS/PET protocol, the after-effects induced by 1-Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
(rTMS) in the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) of the primary motor cortex (M1) contralateral to that stimulated during a movement.
Journal of Neurotrauma. ahead of print. doi:10.1089/neu.2008.0683
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a pathologically heterogeneous disease, including injury to both neuronal cell bodies and axonal processes. Global atrophy of both gray and white matter is common after TBI.
Although head injury (HI) is a major public health problem in Nigeria and other low and middle income countries of the world, there is a paucity of data from these societies.
Previous studies in special schools have shown a high prevalence of epilepsy, which is strongly associated with cerebral palsy and severe mental retardation.
Apraxia of speech (AOS) is a rare disorder of motor speech programming, and few case reports have included sufficient description of both clinical findings and lesion localization.
Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) occasionally show food cravings and/or compulsive eating that result in significant, undesired weight gain. Dopamine replacement therapy may be the cause of this type of eating disorder.
It has been reported that the cholinesterase inhibitor, donepezil, improves cognitive decline in patients with Parkinson's disease dementia
(PDD). However, this improvement was dominant for frontal lobe dysfunction, and the increase in the Mini-Mental State Examination
(MMSE) score was minimal.
Limbic psychotic trigger reaction (LPTR) includes paroxysmal, out-of-character, motiveless, unplanned felonies (or similarly bizarre social misbehavior), all committed during flat affect, autonomic arousal and a fleeting de novo psychosis.
European Journal of Neuroscience Published Online: 15 Dec 2008
Long-term depression (LTD) at striatal synapses is mediated by postsynaptic endocannabinoid
(eCB) release and presynaptic cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R) activation. Previous studies have indicated that eCB mobilization at excitatory synapses might be regulated by afferent activation.
We report the case of OTM who presented with dynamic aphasia following a stroke that occurred in the left basal ganglia. He showed drastically reduced spontaneous speech in the context of well preserved naming, repetition and comprehension skills.
The goal of this study was to measure the neurophysiological and cognitive functions of a sport-concussed child and to longitudinally assess the recovery pattern.
Acquired disorders of gesture imitation are amenable to treatment, but with poor generalisation toward gestures not included in the training program. We investigated the neural basis of this item-specific recovery in a patient with a slowly progressive posterior cortical atrophy, by means of an fMRI study comparing imitation of rehabilitated and not-rehabilitated gestures.
A quantitative assessment of a distortion involving the left side of space, both in two-dimensional (drawing), and three-dimensional (modeling),
visuo-constructional tasks is reported in a patient with a right
temporoparieto-occipital lesion, and left hemianopia, without visuospatial neglect. In drawing and clay modeling of objects the patient exhibited a disproportionate enlargement of the left-hand side of objects.
A 59-year-old patient presented with compulsive behaviors and lasting apathy after carbon monoxide intoxication. The apathy could be overcome by external stimulation (self-activation deficit).
Child's Nervous System 0256-7040 (Print) 10.1007/s00381-008-0769-3
Germinoma of basal ganglia in female is very rare. The authors present a case of germinoma located in the right temporal lobe and basal ganglia in female and raise a hypothesis for the sex disparity.
Patients with 'refractory semantic access deficits' demonstrate several unique features that make them important sources of insight into the organization of semantic representations. Here we attempt to replicate several novel findings from single-case studies reported in the literature.
Spatial information processing with respect to an egocentric reference frame has been shown to recruit a
fronto-parietal network along the dorsal stream.
A number of critical issues must be addressed in order to develop and properly apply a functional brain imaging test. Diagnostic tests involve making a judgment for a single person. As a result, functional brain imaging tests must also be evaluated at the individual level.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 22, Issue 6 December 2008 , pages 776 - 777
Silver-Russell syndrome is a rare genetically heterogeneous disorder in which patients demonstrate intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation, triangular
facies, excessive sweating during early childhood, late closure of the anterior fontanelle and skeletal asymmetry.
Many conventional techniques for revealing concealed information have focused on detecting whether a person is responding truthfully to specific questions, typically using some form of lie detector. However, lie detection has faced a number of criticisms and it is still unclear to what degree conventional lie detectors can be used to reveal concealed knowledge in applied real-world settings.
Lying is ubiquitous and has acquired many names. In 'natural experiments', both pathological lying and truthfulness implicate prefrontal cortices. Recently, the advent of functional neuroimaging has allowed investigators to study deception in the non-pathological state.
Journal of Medical Case Reports 2008, 2:389doi:10.1186/1752-1947-2-389
An "overlap syndrome" is defined as the sequential appearance over time of two or more risk factors for glaucomatous damage. The appearance of a new risk factor can alter the course and prognosis of previously stable disease.
Journal of Medical Case Reports 2008, 2:387doi:10.1186/1752-1947-2-387
Herpes simplex encephalitis is a potentially lethal infection that should be recognised as soon as possible. The combination of clinical history and examination, brain computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging and lumbar puncture has been used to establish a diagnosis.
Biological Research For Nursing, Vol. 10, No. 3, 205-212 (2009)
Apolipoprotein E (apoE), the major apolipoprotein in the central nervous system, has been shown to influence neurologic disease progression and response to neurologic injury in a gene-specific manner.
Epilepsy remains a devastating neurological disorder associated with recurrent, unprovoked, spontaneous epileptic seizures. Current treatments involve seizure suppression using antiepileptic drugs
(AEDs); however, many patients remain refractory to current treatments or suffer serious side effects.
Current Cardiology Reports Volume 11, Number 1 / January, 2009 4-11
Flawed observational studies find weak associations between high cholesterol and ischemic stroke, and low cholesterol and hemorrhagic stroke. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides each appear to have individual effects on stroke risk and type.
Pediatric Emergency Care. 24(12):842-844, December 2008
We report here an 11-year-old previously healthy girl with isoniazid intoxication who sustained a seizure-induced thoracic compression fracture. The following might be the first such case reported in the medical literature.
To preliminarily evaluate the feasibility and potential diagnostic utility of whole-brain perfusion computed tomography (CT) performed with a prototype 256-detector row CT system over an extended range covering the entire brain to assess ischemic cerebrovascular disease.
Journal of Neurotrauma. ahead of print. doi:10.1089/neu.2008.0577
Age is an important factor influencing outcome after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). In general, the older the victim, the higher the probability of a poor outcome.
Journal of Neurological Sciences (Turkish) 2008, Volume 25, Number 3,
Page(s) 163-168
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) may arise due to trauma or spontaneously, and is a medical emergency which can lead to death or severe disability even if recognized and treated in an early stage.
Journal of Neurological Sciences (Turkish) 2008, Volume 25, Number 3,
Page(s) 169-175
Stroke is a chronic and important health problem affecting all aspects of an individual’s life. Neurological impairment resulting from stroke leads to functional disability in patients.
The paired-pulse technique has been widely used as a convenient but indirect measure of "inhibition" in hippocampal circuits of normal and epileptic animals. Most investigators have used a single paired-pulse protocol, whereas others have utilized repetitive paired pulses.
Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) have long been considered as paroxysmal dissociative symptoms characterized by an alteration of attentional functions caused by severe stress or trauma. Although interpersonal trauma is common in
PNES, the proposed relation between trauma and attentional functions remains under explored.
This randomized, double-blind, dose-ranging study evaluated safety and efficacy of clobazam
(CLB) as adjunctive therapy for drop seizures in patients with
Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS).
There are three major issues of ethical concern related to epilepsy care in the developing world. First, is it ethical for a developing country to channel its limited resources from direct epilepsy care to research? The main considerations in addressing this question are the particular research questions to be addressed and whether such research will bring direct benefits to the local community.
Journal of Neurological Sciences (Turkish) 2008, Volume 25, Number 3,
Page(s) 148-154
Stroke is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In African countries stroke accounts for 4-9% of deaths and between 6.5- 41% of neurological admissions in hospital based studies.
Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is used increasingly as adjunctive therapy for refractory epilepsy. Studies of VNS in children report mainly seizure frequency reduction as a measure of efficacy and clinical details are often scanty.
'Exercise on prescription' (EoP) schemes run by fitness instructors in leisure centres in the UK have potential to promote continued rehabilitation and activity engagement post-discharge from stroke physiotherapy. This study explores the views of physiotherapists, stroke patients and fitness instructors about the appropriateness and acceptability of EoP schemes for stroke patients post-discharge from physiotherapy.
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) consists of a clinically and neuropathologically heterogeneous group of syndromes affecting frontal and temporal lobes of the brain.
Main claims of the literature are that functional recovery of the paretic upper limb is mainly defined within the first month post stroke and that rehabilitation services should preferably be applied intensively and in a task-oriented way within this particular time window. EXplaining PLastICITy after stroke (acronym EXPLICIT-stroke) aims to explore the underlying mechanisms of post stroke upper limb recovery.
Journal of Neuro-Oncology 0167-594X (Print) 10.1007/s11060-008-9747-6
Anaplastic gangliogliomas (AGG) are gangliogliomas with areas of pronounced
hypercellularity, vascular proliferation, necrosis, and many mitotic figures.
Pediatric Blood & Cancer Published Online: 4 Dec 2008
We retrospectively analyzed 750 patients with ITP for development of intracranial hemorrhage
(ICH). Seventeen cases with age range of 10 months to 18 years were studied.
Pediatric Blood & Cancer Published Online: 5 Dec 2008
Hypothalamic-chiasmatic gliomas (HCG) account for up to 20% of tumors in patients under the age of 3 years. While most children respond to chemotherapy, alternative treatment approaches are needed for those with progressive disease refractory to chemotherapy.
The objective of this study is to replicate previously published results regarding the involvement of several susceptibility genes in temporal lobe epilepsy
(TLE).
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is an acute disorder characterised by a variable association of neurologic symptoms with potentially reversible oedematous abnormalities mainly in the
parieto-occipital regions of the brain.
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 16, Number 1, January 2009 , pp. 37-42(6)
Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS)1 C276T polymorphism was shown to increase the risk for frontotemporal lobar degeneration
(FTLD). In the brain, both NOS1 and NOS3 (endothelial isoform) have been detected.
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 16, Number 1, January 2009 , pp. 127-133(7)
Statins have shown some protective effect after ischaemic stroke in observational studies. However, this effect has never been assessed by etiological subtypes.
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 16, Number 1, January 2009 , pp. 134-141(8)
Previous studies have shown the association between antiphospholipid antibodies with epilepsy but there are no studies addressing the effect of seizure frequency, duration of epilepsy, epilepsy type and aetiology on the prevalence of these antibodies in well-evaluated refractory epilepsy.
Periventricular heterotopia (PH) is an etiologically heterogeneous disorder characterized by nodules of neurons ectopically placed along the lateral ventricles.
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 16, Number 1, January 2009 , pp. 95-100(6)
To identify, using a genetic model, a key role for the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the development of dyscirculatory encephalopathy (DE) in Chernobyl cleanup workers
(CCW).
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 16, Number 1, January 2009 , pp. 101-104(4)
PLA2G6 mutations are known to be responsible for infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy
(INAD) and neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation
(NBIA). In addition, novel mutations in PLA2G6 have recently been associated with
dystonia-parkinsonism in two unrelated consanguineous families.
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 16, Number 1, January 2009 , pp. 54-62(9)
No study using a stroke-specific measure has been previously conducted to determine the profile of health-related quality of life
(HRQOL) in Nigerian stroke patients.
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 16, Number 1, January 2009 , pp. 70-75(6)
To evaluate the effects of pregabalin (PGB) adjunctive therapy on sleepwake cycle and daytime somnolence in adult patients affected by partial epilepsy.
Child's Nervous System 0256-7040 (Print) 10.1007/s00381-008-0762-x
Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors (DNTs) were first described by Daumas-Duport et al. in 1988 as a typically cortical tumor affecting young patients with long-standing, drug-resistant epilepsy
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 16, Number 1, January 2009 , pp. 112-120(9)
Chronic post-traumatic headache attributed to mild head injury is a somewhat disputed headache diagnosis. Head injury patients were recruited from two hospitals in Kaunas, Lithuania. Controls were recruited amongst patients with minor orthopaedic traumas not involving the head and neck.
Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics Year : 2008 Volume : 4 Issue : 4 Page : 203-205
Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with unilateral proptosis and diffuse involvement of the cra¬nial vault and brain parenchyma is extremely rare. A 50-year-old woman developed a progressively increasing proptosis of her right eye, associated with a subcutaneous mass over the right frontotemporal region over the last 5 months.
Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics Year : 2008 Volume : 4 Issue : 4 Page : 169-172
The goal of treatment in arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is total obliteration of the AVM, restoration of normal cerebral function, and preservation of life and neurological function.
Thrombosis and Haemostasis PrePrint Online: TH First 4th December 2008
Factor V Leiden (FVL) mutation is a risk factor for venous and, to a degree, arterial thrombosis. It is unknown whether and how FVL affects the manifestations of ischaemic stroke (IS).
Journal of the American Geriatrics Society Published Online: 11 Dec 2008
To examine Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) performance in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) with "normal" global cognition according to Mini-Mental State Examination
(MMSE) score.
To determine the association of the American College of Surgeons (ACS) designation with outcomes in patients, specifically those with severe traumatic brain injuries.
Adherence to evidence-based guidelines for treatment of stroke or transient ischemic attack is suboptimal. We sought to establish whether participation in Get With the Guidelines-Stroke was associated with improvements in adherence.
Numerous neuroprotective agents have proven effective in animal stroke studies, but every drug has failed to achieve its primary outcome when brought forward to clinical trials.
Journal of Neural Transmission 0300-9564 (Print) 10.1007/s00702-008-0161-1
An investigation of the characteristics of influenza epidemics in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was undertaken, principally in order to analyze the role of the 1918/1919 influenza pandemic in the etiology of encephalitis
lethargica.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:80-83
Recent studies have suggested that there may be functional and structural changes in the cerebellum of patients with adult onset primary focal
dystonia.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:88-90
The aim of this study was to estimate the frequency of falls in people with
Huntington's disease (HD) and make a preliminary assessment of tools appropriate for assessing the risk of falling.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:91-93
Patients can sustain injuries during seizures and the pattern and type of injury
(eg, tongue biting) can be a useful silent witness in the diagnosis of seizures. In addition, the seizure type potentially influences the type of injury.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:36-40
Ischaemic stroke is a frequent manifestation in patients with adult moyamoya disease
(MMD), but the relationship between the lesion pattern and disease severity has rarely been investigated.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:94
Psychogenic aphonia is a disabling conversion disorder with no standard psychotherapeutic1 or speech-therapeutic treatment.2 We present here a case report describing a promising new treatment for this disorder based on repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
(rTMS).
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:64-65
A 49-year-old woman attended the headache outpatient clinic for a tension-type headache. Her clinical examination was normal but EEG showed diffuse slowing over the left hemisphere.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:35
First described in 1996 by Hinchey et al, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is now a well know entity that can be encountered in several conditions such as uncontrolled high blood pressure, renal failure or use of some immunosuppressive agents.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:87
An 87-year-old man with atrial fibrillation was found collapsed at home. He was not on anticoagulation therapy. On examination, he was aphasic with right-sided
hemiparesis, hemisensory loss, hemianopia and hemineglect.
Child's Nervous System 0256-7040 (Print) 10.1007/s00381-008-0753-y
Over the years, patients presented with cerebrofacial vascular malformations which occurred in clusters. The syndromic presentation suggested
angio-architectural abnormality, which started to develop during embryogenesis.
Child's Nervous System 0256-7040 (Print) 10.1007/s00381-008-0778-2
Quadrigeminal cistern arachnoid cysts are rare lesions, accounting for 5% to 10% of all intracranial arachnoid cysts and 9% of all supratentorial localizations. We reviewed the patients with quadrigeminal arachnoid cyst
(QAC) who were treated with neuroendoscopic intervention.
Although cerebral hyperperfusion after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) often impairs cognitive function, MRI does not always demonstrate structural brain damage associated with postoperative cognitive impairment.
Revascularization therapies for acute stroke patients aim to rescue the ischemic penumbra by restoring the patency of the occluded artery
("recanalization") and the downstream capillary blood flow ("reperfusion").
Dysphagia occurs in 55% of all acute stroke patients. Early identification of dysphagia from screening can lead to earlier treatments and thereby reduce complications. We designed and validated a new bedside dysphagia screening tool-the Toronto Bedside Swallowing Screening Test
(TOR-BSST) for stroke survivors in acute and rehabilitative settings.
Assessing poststroke depression may be complicated by aphasia, other cognitive deficits, and several somatic stroke-related symptoms. We studied the possible differences in performance of some commonly used instruments in screening depression after stroke.
Fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) is an excellent method for the accurate examination of swallowing function in the acute phase of stroke. The present study investigates the safety of FEES related to patients characteristics in a setting of acute stroke care.
Spinal Cord advance online publication 16 December 2008; doi: 10.1038/sc.2008.154
Hyperreflexia occurs after spinal cord injury and can be assessed by measuring low frequency-dependent depression of the H-reflex in the anesthetized animal.
Spinal Cord advance online publication 16 December 2008;
doi: 10.1038/sc.2008.156
Retrospective study based on a revision of the clinical histories of all patients carrying an intrathecal baclofen
(ITB) infusion system between July 1988 and March 2007 in a neurorehabilitation hospital.
Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, where most cases are sporadic with a late onset. In rare incidences familial forms of early-onset parkinsonism occur, and when recessively inherited, cases are often explained by mutations in either the parkin (PARK2) or PINK1 (PARK6) gene or on exceptional occasions the DJ-1 (PARK7) or ATP13A2 (PARK9) gene.
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