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Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Volume 87, Issue 11 , November 2006, Pages 1463-1470
To compare the kinematics of the upper limbs and trunk during unilateral and parallel bilateral tasks in subjects with hemiparesis and control subjects.
European Psychiatry Volume 21, Issue 8 , December 2006, Pages 521-522
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) encephalitis is rare and shows a wide range of clinical manifestations. We report an immunocompromised patient with EBV encephalitis diagnosed by EBV-specific PCR and antibody testing in the cerebrospinal fluid who presented with psychiatric symptoms and cognitive dysfunction in the absence of any neurological impairments or infectious signs.
We report the cases of 2 infants who were born with macrocephaly and bulging fontanelles and were subsequently found to have chronic subdural hematomas on imaging studies.
NXY-059 is a free radical-trapping neuroprotectant demonstrated to reduce disability from ischemic stroke. We conducted analyses on additional end points and sensitivity analyses to confirm our findings.
Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 17(2):121-126, April 2006
Advances in imaging technologies have influenced neurosurgical techniques and decisions and have enabled previously impossible resections, and neurosurgeons rely on the various modalities to make surgery as safe as possible.
Neurosurgery. 59(5) SUPPLEMENT:S3-184-S3-194, November 2006
The vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation (VGAM) is a choroidal type of arteriovenous malformation involving the vein of Galen forerunner. This is distinct from an arteriovenous malformation with venous drainage into a dilated, but already formed, vein of Galen.
Neurosurgery. 59(5) SUPPLEMENT:S3-178-S3-183, November 2006
Cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) embolization has been performed for nearly 40 years to reduce the risk of hemorrhage, to reduce symptomatic arteriovenous shunting, and to pretreat patients for surgical excision or radiosurgery.
Neurosurgery. 59(5) SUPPLEMENT:S3-210-S3-218, November 2006
MEDICALLY REFRACTORY, SYMPTOMATIC intracranial atherosclerotic disease has a poor prognosis. Based on the results of the Warfarin-Aspirin Symptomatic Intracranial Disease study, the risk of ipsilateral stroke at 1.8 years is between 13 and 14% in patients with symptomatic intracranial atherosclerosis.
Neurosurgery. 59(5) SUPPLEMENT:S3-242-S3-250, November 2006
Acute ischemic stroke has reached epidemic proportions in the United States, affecting approximately 700,000 people annually. With the recent technological advancements in endovascular devices, clinicians now have tools capable of recanalizing acute intracranial occlusions.
Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. Focus on Clinical Research and Practice, Part 3. 21(6):544-548, November/December 2006
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important public health problem in the United States. In 2003, there were an estimated 1,565,000 TBIs in the United States: 1,224,000 emergency department visits, 290,000 hospitalizations, and 51,000 deaths. Findings were similar to those from previous years in which rates of TBI were highest for young children (aged 0-4) and men, and the leading causes of TBI were falls and motor vehicle traffic.
Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. Focus on Clinical Research and Practice, Part 3. 21(6):537-543, November/December 2006
To document age-related patterns of nonfatal hospitalization associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI) among children younger than 2 years of age, by intent/cause and diagnosis.
Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. Focus on Clinical Research and Practice, Part 3. 21(6):514-526, November/December 2006
To explore the long-term relations among sociodemographic, neurologic, clinical, and neuropsychologic variables, and vocational status in persons with mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI), and to identify the symptoms that determine whether or not these individuals return to work.
Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. Focus on Clinical Research and Practice, Part 3. 21(6):505-513, November/December 2006
To determine whether a dose-response relation exists between the number of reported close friends and traumatic brain injury (TBI) severity in the postacute phase in school-age children.
Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. Focus on Clinical Research and Practice, Part 3. 21(6):483-490, November/December 2006
To determine national patterns of screening, prophylaxis, and treatment of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) following traumatic brain injury (TBI) within the Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems (TBIMS).
Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. Focus on Clinical Research and Practice, Part 3. 21(6):453-466, November/December 2006
To develop a multivariate model of the dynamic interactions among key variables associated with relative distress and disrupted family functioning after traumatic brain injury (TBI).
Complete cerebellar agenesis is a very rare entity, which occurs during the early period of embryogenesis and is usually associated with severe motor dysfunction.
Saccular cerebral artery aneurysm (SCAA) wall degeneration and inflammatory cell infiltrations associate with aneurysm rupture and subarachnoid hemorrhage, resulting in a devastating form of stroke. The complement system is the key mediator of inflammation and household processing of injured tissue.
Germline mutations of the CHEK2 tumor suppressor gene have been found in families with the Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS). Patients with LFS experience a variety of cancers, including malignant astrocytomas. We investigated a potential role for a CHEK2 gene polymorphism in glioblastomas.
Craniopagus parasiticus is an extremely rare condition. The first attempt to separate such twins was performed in the Dominican Republic in 2004. The infant died 7 hours after surgery. The aim of this report is to present a case in which surgical separation was successfully performed on February 18, 2005.
PEDIATRICS Vol. 118 No. 6 December 2006, pp. 2552-2554
This is a case report and a descriptive study demonstrating that artifacts are common during long-term recording of amplitude-integrated electroencephalograms and may lead to erroneous classification of the amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram trace.
Surface neuromuscular electrical stimulation (sNMES) after stroke aims to improve upper limb function and reduce shoulder pain, but current evidence of effectiveness is inconclusive. We have undertaken a randomized controlled trial to evaluate sNMES to the shoulder after acute stroke
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Volume 24, Issue 8 , October 2006, Pages 1087-1093
The differences between two models of cerebral ischemia [middle cerebral arterial transection (MCAT) and cortical photothrombosis (PT)] were explored with multiparametric MRI of apparent diffusion coefficient trace (ADCtr), cerebral blood flow (CBF) and T1.
Stroke recovery critically depends on timely reperfusion. In July 2003, we set a benchmark onset-to-treatment time of 2 hours and instituted an expedited code stroke protocol to accomplish this. We aim to show that the protocol is feasible and safe.
The few studies concerning maximal static mouth respiratory pressures in patients with spinal cord lesions suggest a marked reduction. We studied the correlation of these parameters with the motor level of injury.
Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 17(2):127-136, April 2006
Brain tumors remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality and are often refractory to treatment. Neuroimaging, in particular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and associated techniques, has become an important tool for the neuro-oncologist in the management of brain tumors.
Neurosurgery. 59(5) SUPPLEMENT:S3-148-S3-157, November 2006
THE THREE THERAPEUTIC modalities for arteriovenous malformation (AVM) treatment (surgery, embolization, and radiotherapy) developed in the past years with specific tools, each tool with its own qualities.
Higher-goal hemoglobin (hgb) and more packed red blood cell transfusions lead to worse outcomes in general critical care patients. There are few data on hgb, transfusion, and outcomes after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).
Neurosurgery. 59(5) SUPPLEMENT:S3-93-S3-102, November 2006
The past 15 years have seen a revolution in the treatment of intracranial aneurysms. Endovascular technology has evolved rapidly since the Food and Drug Administration approval of Guglielmi detachable coils in 1995, which now allows successful treatment of most aneurysms. The authors provide a review of their 11-year experience at Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience with endovascular embolization of intracranial aneurysms and discuss clinical trial outcomes and future directions of this treatment method.
To prospectively assess electrocardiography (ECG)-synchronized multi detector row computed tomography (CT) for the evaluation of right ventricular (RV) function in patients suspected of having pulmonary embolism (PE).
To retrospectively evaluate frequency of systemic arterial collateral supply to treated pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) in long-term follow-up with multi-detector row helical computed tomography (CT).
A large number of studies have tried to identify heritable components in the susceptibility to asthma and atopy phenotypes. This review examines the evidence of multigenetic inheritance for these conditions.
New England Journal of Medicine Volume 355:2691-2693 December 21, 2006 Number 25
In this issue of the Journal, Heyland et al., writing for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group, report the results of a multicenter, randomized trial comparing the use of bronchoalveolar lavage and endotracheal aspiration for the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia.
Asthma exacerbations are common. They account for a significant morbidity and contribute a disproportionate amount to the cost of asthma management. The optimal strategies for the prevention of asthma exacerbations include the early introduction of anti-inflammatory
treatment most commonly, low dose inhaled corticosteroids.
A randomised controlled study was undertaken to examine the effect of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on 24 hour systemic blood pressure (BP) in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA).
Disproportionate breathlessness is a term that is used synonymously with dysfunctional breathing and idiopathic hyperventilation in the absence of chest disease. In the presence of chest disease, it may not be possible to use these three terms interchangeably.
Respirology, Volume 12, Number 1, January 2007, pp. 29-33(5)
The importance of genetic susceptibility in COPD has not been determined. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between susceptibility to COPD and polymorphisms in the Clara cell 16-kDa secretory protein (CC16), 8-hydroxy-guanine glycosylase (OGG1) and glutamatecysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) genes in a southern Chinese population of Han nationality.
American Journal of Infection Control Volume 34, Issue 10 , December 2006, Pages 673-675
Hand hygiene (HH) compliance in the intensive care unit has been studied extensively, with short-term, nonsustained compliance often because of lack of ongoing reinforcement. HH messages delivered by health care workers responsible for overseeing staff in the intensive care unit provided continuous reinforcement of HH.
Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging, Volume 27, Number 1, January 2007, pp. 47-53(7)
There is little understanding of how dental appliances, designed to posture the mandible forwards, act on pharyngeal airway dilatory and masticatory muscles in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). This study evaluates, in a prospective cohort design, the effect of mandibular advancement splints (MAS) on awake genioglossus (GG), geniohyoid (GH) and masseter (M) muscle activity.
To determine whether disease management with self-management education is more cost-effective than usual care among previously hospitalized COPD patients.
Allergy and Asthma Proceedings, Volume 27, Number 6, November-December 2006, pp. 479-485(7)
Cough due to cough-variant asthma (CVA) responds well to bronchodilators such as beta 2 adrenergic agonists. The aim of this study was to assess longitudinal changes of pulmonary function and bronchial responsiveness in CVA, which was treated with bronchodilators alone. Seventeen CVA patients recorded intensity and frequency of cough every day.
To compare the effectiveness of an early switch to oral antibiotics with the standard 7 day course of intravenous antibiotics in severe community acquired pneumonia.
Journal of Pediatric Health Care Volume 20, Issue 6 , November-December 2006, Pages 374-383
Surveys are central for information on asthma prevalence. Recently, the validity of parental reports of pediatric asthma has been questioned. Confidence is examined in the report of asthma for children, obtained in a survey from the adult household member most knowledgeable about household health care (MKA).
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth most common cause of death worldwide. It is caused primarily by cigarette smoking. Given its importance, it is remarkable that reliable national prevalence data are lacking for most countries. This study provides estimates of the national prevalence of COPD in England, the extent of under-detection of the disorder, and patterns of cigarette smoking, dependence, and motivation to stop smoking in those with the disease.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), usually caused by tobacco smoking, is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Smoking cessation at an early stage of the disease usually stops further progression. A study was undertaken to determine if diagnosis of airway obstruction was associated with subsequent success in smoking cessation, as advised by a physician.
To evaluate the clinical utility of cranial computed tomography (CT) in pediatric and adult patients during ongoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) treatment from acute respiratory failure and to assess the frequency of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and infarction during the treatment.
Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. Focus on Clinical Research and Practice, Part 3. 21(6):505-513, November/December 2006.
To determine whether a dose-response relation exists between the number of reported close friends and traumatic brain injury (TBI) severity in the postacute phase in school-age children.
Neurosurgery. 59(5) SUPPLEMENT:S3-103-S3-112, November 2006
THE TREATMENT OF giant aneurysms remains a formidable challenge for endovascular and surgical strategies. The use of endovascular techniques in a deconstructive (e.g., parent vessel occlusion) and reconstructive (e.g., stent coiling) methodology is reviewed.
The optic strut (OS) is a candidate landmark in computed tomographic (CT) angiographic scans for the discrimination of intradural and extradural/intracavernous aneurysms involving the paraclinoid segment of the internal carotid artery.
To evaluate predictors of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and IVH growth, impact of IVH growth on outcome, and impact of recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).
The Stroke-Thrombolytic Predictive Instrument (Stroke-TPI) uses multivariate equations to predict outcomes with and without thrombolysis. We sought to examine whether such a multivariate predictive instrument might be useful in selecting patients with a favorable risk-benefit treatment profile for therapy after 3 hours.
Future Drugs January 2007, Vol. 5, No. 1, Pages 91-98
Intravenous thrombolysis is the only approved treatment for acute ischemic stroke when administered within the first 3 h of stroke onset. Response to systemic thrombolysis depends on several factors including the location of arterial occlusion, clot characteristics and, ultimately, the embolic source. In the last few years, tremendous progress has been made, resulting in the widespread implementation of noninvasive neurovascular techniques.
We examined the religious experiences of 28 patients with epilepsy and religiosity, 22 patients with epilepsy and no expressed interest in religion, and 30 volunteer regular churchgoers.
Autoscopy is an experience of seeing oneself in external space, viewed from within
one's own physical body. It is a complex psycho-sensorial hallucinatory perception of
one's own body image projected into external visual space, with epilepsy one of the common disorders reported to be associated with the experience.
The designation of primary stroke centers may result in patients being redirected from their usual source of care, although there is little evidence that these centers would result in better outcomes or lower costs. An alternative approach could direct patients to hospitals treating greater volumes of stroke patients.
It is well reported in the epilepsy literature that use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) leads to bone loss. Validated instruments were administered to assess knowledge, health behavior, quality of life, and stigma, to determine their effects on self-efficacy for osteoprotective and self-management behaviors.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Volume 24, Issue 8 , October 2006, Pages 1069-1075
This article presents a warping technique for correcting brain tissue distortion on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans due to stroke lesion growth and for mapping MRI scans to histological sections.
Determining whether a person with stroke has reached their full potential for recovery is difficult. While techniques such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and MRI have some prognostic value, their role in rehabilitation is undefined.
Periodic self-assessment is an important component of postgraduate medical education and certification. The Self-assessment in Neurological Surgery (SANS) examination has a history of usefulness for neurosurgical written and oral board examination preparation.
We assessed whether duration (time since diagnosis) of intractable epilepsy is associated with progressive memory loss in 250 individuals with left or right temporal lobe epilepsy and those diagnosed with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures.
Southern Medical Journal. 99(11):1230-1233, November 2006
The Stroke Council of the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association (AHA/ASA) recommends conservative management of hypertension (HTN) during acute ischemic stroke (AIS), although clinicians often manage blood pressure more aggressively. Our hypothesis was that aggressive management of HTN in patients with AIS is associated with hypotensive events and worsened neurologic outcomes.
Many patients with ischemic stroke eligible for recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) are not treated in part because of the risks and benefits perceived by treating physicians. Therefore, we aimed to develop a Stroke-Thrombolytic Predictive Instrument (TPI) to aid physicians considering thrombolysis for stroke.
We investigated the intra- and interrater reliability of ischemic lesion volumes measurements assessed by different MRI sequences at various times from onset.
Hughlings Jackson's insightful bedside observations of patients with epilepsy paved the way for the first effective surgical epilepsy treatments.
Jackson's most famous case, that of Doctor Z, concerned a medical doctor with partial complex seizures who was reported to have a discrete and circumscribed medial temporal lobe
(mTL) lesion on autopsy.
European Journal of Radiology Volume 60, Issue 3 , December 2006, Pages 367-378
Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is the current reference standard for the diagnosis, assessment, and management of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic utility of three-dimensional (3D) time-of-flight (TOF) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and contrast-enhanced 3D MRA in patients with intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in different sizes and locations.
We report the case of a patient with temporal lobe epilepsy, nonresponsive to antiepileptic drugs, who became seizure-free, but developed recurrent excessive irritability and psychotic symptoms after successful mesial temporal lobectomy.
In patients with a recently symptomatic carotid stenosis, surgical or interventional treatment is often delayed for weeks to months. Because therapy should be instituted as early as possible in patients at highest risk for recurrent ischemia, the aim of this study was to identify these individuals using clinical data and serial diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI).
Thrombolysis has been shown to improve the 3-month outcome of patients with ischemic stroke, but knowledge of the long-term effect of thrombolysis is limited.
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, Volume 47, Number 10, November 2006, pp. 983-986(4)
This primer introduces a Special Section on brain imaging, which includes a commentary and 10 data papers presenting applications of brain imaging to questions on developmental psychopathology.
In order to understand why acute spinal cord injury (SCI) changes the disposition of some, but not all drugs given intravenously (i.v.), pharmacokinetic parameters of drugs with different pharmacological properties were evaluated to determine the influence of SCI on physiological processes such as distribution, metabolism and excretion.
The International Campaign for Cures of Spinal Cord Injury Paralysis established a panel tasked with reviewing the methodology for clinical trials for spinal cord injury (SCI), and making recommendations on the conduct of future trials.
The International Campaign for Cures of Spinal Cord Injury Paralysis (ICCP) supported an international panel tasked with reviewing the methodology for clinical trials in spinal cord injury (SCI), and making recommendations on the conduct of future trials.
The International Campaign for Cures of Spinal Cord Injury Paralysis established a panel tasked with reviewing the methodology for clinical trials for spinal cord injury (SCI), and making recommendations on the conduct of future trials.
An international panel reviewed the methodology for clinical trials of spinal cord injury (SCI), and provided recommendations for the valid conduct of future trials.
Only few studies have addressed the long-term neurological outcomes of children born by subfertile couples. We studied the risk of epilepsy and febrile seizures in children of treated and untreated subfertile couples.
Neurosurgery. 59(5) SUPPLEMENT:S3-158-S3-162, November 2006
Effective transarterial embolization of a dural arteriovenous fistula or pial arteriovenous malformation (AVM) requires penetration of a durable occlusive agent into the fistula or AVM nidus.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Volume 24, Issue 9 , November 2006, Pages 1131-1142
The purpose of this study was to assess the use of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in the evaluation of new contrast-enhancing lesions and perilesional edema in patients previously treated for brain neoplasm in the differentiation of recurrent neoplasm from treatment-related injury.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2007;78:14-24
Peer-reviewed data pertaining to anti-thrombotic and interventional therapy for transient ischaemic attack (TIA) or ischaemic stroke patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, interatrial septal abnormalities, or left ventricular thrombus were reviewed.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2007;78:81
A 52-year-old man presented with facial swelling owing to progression of arteriovenous malformation (AVM). Angiography under endotracheal anaesthesia showed the right internal maxillary, right ascending pharyngeal and right superficial temporal arteries feeding an AVM.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2007;78:42
A survey of children admitted to a tertiary epilepsy centre with difficult to treat paroxysmal events found that 39% of the children did not have epilepsy.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2007;78:43-48
To investigate the hypothesis that patients with a hemisphere stroke may perceive their longitudinal body axis (LBA) rotated in the frontal plane. This error in an egocentric frame of reference could be detrimental to posture, as tilted LBA would imply an unequal distribution of body mass about the true vertical.
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society (), 12: 792-801
The relationship of psychological and cognitive factors in the development of the postconcussion syndrome (PCS) following mild uncomplicated traumatic brain injury (mTBI) has received little study.
Task-dependent changes in brain activation following therapy for nonfluent aphasia: Discussion of two individual cases
The complex process of cortical reorganization of language-related brain regions during recovery from aphasia and the effects of therapeutic interventions on brain systems are poorly understood.
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society (), 12: 867-882
Links between verbs and gesture knowledge suggest that verb retrieval may be particularly amenable to gesture+verbal training (GVT) in aphasia compared to noun retrieval. This study examines effects of GVT for noun and verb retrieval in nine individuals with aphasia subsequent to left hemisphere stroke.
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society (2007), 13: 90-98
Recent studies of brain injured and healthy individuals have provided empirical support for the theoretical proposition that executive function and general intelligence are closely associated by demonstrating that performance on tests of executive function is correlated with general intellectual ability.
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