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Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics. 28(4):330-333, August 2007
Mark is an 8-year-old boy with a history of intractable epilepsy. Mark's seizures started when he was five years old, lasting less than a minute, with 7-10 episodes occurring in succession. Daytime seizures were described by his parents a "staring events where he does not respond, he will pick at clothes and speak gibberish." He was often disorientated for the remainder of the day. Nighttime seizures were described as "sitting up straight in bed, staring at the ceiling, and being unresponsive." An increase in his seizure frequency after multiple anticonvulsant medications prompted a surgical evaluation.
European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Volume 34, Number 7, July 2007 , pp. 1003-1011(9)
18F-labeled deoxy-fluorothymidine (FLT), a marker of cellular proliferation, has been used in PET tumor imaging. Here, the FLT kinetics of malignant brain tumors were investigated.
Migraine with aura is associated with ischemic stroke, but few studies have investigated the clinical and anatomic features of this association. We assessed the association of probable migraine with and without visual aura with ischemic stroke within subgroups defined by stroke subtype, vascular territory, probable migraine characteristics, and other clinical features.
While baseline blood pressure (BP) is a known predictor of 90-day residual deficit after acute ischemic stroke, the effect of thrombolysis on this relationship has not been described. To study the interaction and to find intervals of prognostic significance, the functional forms of this predictive relationship should be found and compared for recombinant tissue plasminogen activator
(rt-PA)- and placebo-treated patients of the first European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study.
Regular endurance exercise has been shown to reduce the age-related increase in arterial stiffness that is thought to contribute to cardiovascular risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of age and habitual physical activity on carotid artery wall thickness and stiffness in a population of young to middle-age subjects at low cardiovascular risk.
Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. International Programs and Perspectives on Traumatic Brain Injury Rehabilitation. 22(4):214-220, July/August 2007
Brain injury rehabilitation is based on principles of universal access to healthcare in a publicly funded system and is available to all residents in Canada. However, a variability of resources exists because of the vastness of the country and differences in provincial funding.
Multiple brain infarcts are often seen on diffusion-weighted images in cardioembolic stroke patients. Recently, mobile aortic plaques
(MAPs) have been proposed as embolic sources. However, the clinical characteristics of patients with MAPs are unclear.
The widespread preference of anticoagulants over antiplatelets in patients with cervical artery dissection (CAD) is empirical rather than evidence-based.
Patients undergoing epilepsy surgery for focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) guided by subdural EEG generally have a poor surgical outcome. Our objective was to identify predictors of postoperative seizure recurrence in this patient cohort.
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of 60 Hz deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus pallidus internus
(GPi) in 15 consecutive patients with primary dystonia.
To characterize short-term prognoses among patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) and normal diffusion-weighted imaging
(DWI) results, TIA patients with abnormal DWI results (transient symptoms associated with infarction
[TSI]), and patients with completed ischemic stroke (IS).
The assessment of patients with disorders of consciousness, including the vegetative state, is difficult and depends frequently on subjective interpretations of the observed spontaneous and volitional behavior. For those patients who retain peripheral motor function, rigorous behavioral assessment supported by structural imaging and electrophysiological findings is usually sufficient to establish a patient's level of wakefulness and awareness.
To evaluate whether current clinical criteria and confirmatory tests for the diagnosis of 'brain death' satisfy the requirements for the irreversible cessation of all functions of the entire brain including the brainstem.
To present and assess a perioperative strategy associated with a single-procedure surgical technique for continent cutaneous diversion in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients requiring self-catheterization and unable to do it through the native urethra.
Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics Year : 2007 Volume : 3 Issue : 1 Page : 47-49
During a mitral valve replacement surgery in a girl of 22 years of age, it was accidentally discovered that the valve was destroyed due to a tumor and the histopathology and immunohistochemistry findings have proved it to be undifferentiated sarcoma. She was advised by the surgeon to go for chemotherapy. There was a delay of three months from the side of the patient to reach us and during that interval she has developed secondaries in the brain. This case is being presented here for its rarity.
A 24-year-old woman developed subarachnoid hemorrhage and left frontal lobe ischemia following uneventful right transconjunctival orbital decompression for thyroid-related immune
orbitopathy. CT, MRI, CT angiography, and carotid angiography confirmed subarachnoid hemorrhage and brain ischemia on the left side without any cerebral vascular abnormalities on either side. All tests were unremarkable.
Emergency Medicine Australasia, Volume 19, Number 4, August 2007 , pp. 366-371(6)
To identify factors that affect the severity of bicycle-related injuries in patients with head injury compared with those without, so as to find whether the effect of using helmets extends beyond head protection, and to explore a direct protective effect of helmets on head injuries.
New England Journal of Medicine Volume 357:562-571 August 9, 2007 Number 6
The free-radical-trapping agent NXY-059 showed promise as a neuroprotectant in the Stroke-Acute Ischemic NXY Treatment I (SAINT I) trial, reducing disability when given to patients who had acute ischemic stroke. We sought confirmation of efficacy in a second, larger trial.
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), which comprises 15% to 30% of all strokes, has an estimated incidence of 37,000 cases per year. One third of patients are actively bleeding when they present to the emergency department, and hematoma growth during the first hours after ICH onset is thought to be a prime determinant of clinical deterioration. Inflammation, as opposed to ischemia, also negatively affects patient condition.
The sulfonylurea receptor 1-regulated NCCa-ATP channel is upregulated in rodent models of stroke with block of the channel by the sulfonylurea, glibenclamide
(glyburide), significantly reducing mortality, cerebral edema, and infarct volume. We hypothesized that patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus taking sulfonylurea agents both at the time of stroke and during hospitalization would have superior outcomes.
In cases of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea following lateral skull base surgery, fibrosis and fibrin formation resulting from meningitis has been postulated as a mechanism of spontaneously resolving the CSF leak. This study was undertaken to explore any possible relationship between the cessation of CSF leak and meningitis.
The thalamus has been described as a "relay station" for sensory information from most sensory modalities projecting to cortical areas. Therefore injury to the thalamus may result in multimodal sensory and motor deficits. In the present study, a 61-year-old woman suffered a right thalamic cerebral vascular accident
(CVA; as evidenced by a computerised tomography [CT] scan).
This paper investigates the processing of Hebrew derivational morphology in an individual (S.E.) with deficient phonological short-term memory. In comparison to 10 age- and education-matched men, S.E. was impaired on digit span tasks and demonstrated no recency effect in word list recall. S.E. had low word retention span, but he exhibited phonological similarity and word length effects.
Cephalalgia, Volume 27, Number 8, August 2007 , pp. 943-944(2)
Nummular headache is a coin-shaped, chronic cephalalgia usually considered to stem from epicranial tissues. We describe a patient complaining of circumscribed pain in the head as the only symptom of a subtentorial
meningioma.
To examine the evidence to support practice guidelines for screening for DVT in asymptomatic adults with acute traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) who undergo pharmacologic
thromboprophylaxis.
Delayed cerebral infarction (DCI) is an important cause of poor outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Cerebral perfusion is a predictor for
DCI. Because acute hydrocephalus may impair cerebral perfusion, we evaluated the predictive value of the extent of acute hydrocephalus on the development of
DCI.
PEDIATRICS Vol. 120 No. 2 August 2007, pp. 295-304
Early diagnosis of inflicted traumatic brain injury may reduce morbidity and mortality associated with repeated inflicted traumatic brain injuries. We undertook this study to estimate the cost-effectiveness of a policy of head computed tomography (CT) for inflicted traumatic brain injury in selected infants seen in an emergency department.
Teflon granuloma is an inflammatory giant-cell foreign-body reaction to polytetrafluoroethylene fibers or injection. Tissue augmentation with Teflon has dramatically declined over the past two decades because of its implication in granuloma formation.
Because radiographic visualization of a pituitary microadenoma is frequently difficult, we hypothesized that microadenomas associated with Cushing's disease may be better resolved and localized via acquisition with 3-Tesla (3T) compared with standard 1.5-Tesla (1.5T) magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI).
Ganglioglioma (GG) is an uncommon primary lesion of the central nervous system that is typically located
supratentorially. There are only a few reports of GG arising from the cerebellum.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 21, Issue 4 August 2007 , pages 382 - 388
Radio Guided Neurosurgery (RGNS) is a technique using systemic administration of radionuclide in which a gamma probe is used intra-operatively to identify isotope-rich brain
tumour, and check for residual lesions after excision of visually identifiable lesion.
Journal of Neuro-Oncology, Volume 83, Number 3, July 2007 , pp. 313-318(6)
The clinical and pathological features of a gliosarcoma with a primitive neuroectodermal component in a 52-year-old male are presented. To our knowledge, only three other cases of such an entity have been reported in the English literature.
Journal of Neuro-Oncology, Volume 83, Number 3, July 2007 , pp. 319-323(5)
We describe a 34-year-old man who presented with headaches for about 3 months. Magnetic Resonance Imaging
(MRI) revealed a large cystic tumor, involving the right frontoparietal lobe region.
Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. International Programs and Perspectives on Traumatic Brain Injury Rehabilitation. 22(4):248-256, July/August 2007
The aim of this study was to complete a systematic evidence-based review of published cognitive and behavioral treatment studies with pediatric subjects who have a history of an acquired brain injury
(ABI).
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 14, Number 8, August 2007 , pp. 933-936(4)
We report a patient with a right cortical and subcortical temporo-occipital lesion who showed spatial neglect mainly involving the left and the near peripersonal space.
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 14, Number 8, August 2007 , pp. 917-922(6)
Ischaemic stroke has been associated with an impairment of cardiac autonomic balance. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of cardiac autonomic derangement on functional outcome after a rehabilitation program in patients with recent ischaemic stroke.
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 14, Number 8, August 2007 , pp. 890-894(5)
Registration of all hospitalized stroke patients is practiced in Sweden in order to assess care quality. Data in this register,
Riks-Stroke (RS), may be biased due to incomplete registration. The purpose of this paper was to report changes in stroke outcome in relation to fluctuations in registration. Patients registered in RS at a hospital during the period 1994-2005 were analyzed.
The incidence of seizures is known to be high in the elderly. The most common cause of an unprovoked seizure in the elderly population is stroke. These patients require effective and well-tolerated antiepileptic treatment because they frequently experience other medical conditions and use other medications that can interact with the antiepileptic treatment.
The most important treatment options for meningiomas are microsurgery, radiotherapy, and gamma knife radiosurgery
(GKRS). The efficacy of GKRS in terms of local tumor control and tumor volume (TV) reduction can best be determined by accurate analysis of changes in tumor size in pre- and
post-GKRS images.
Dural sinus thrombosis often accompanies or precedes the development of dural arteriovenous fistulas
(DAVFs). Because thrombophilic abnormalities can contribute to sinus thrombosis, we investigated the prevalence of such abnormalities and of venous sinus thrombosis in patients with
DAVFs.
The journal club (JC) plays a traditional role in resident education. However, little has been written on its current role in neurosurgical training programs. Our goal was to determine resident perception of
JCs, factors that make JCs successful, and identifying variables for improving
JCs.
In the present study, we investigate the existence of a temporal window of brain vulnerability in rats undergoing repeat mild traumatic brain injury
(mTBI) delivered at increasing time intervals.
In the present study, we investigated the occurrence of oxidative and nitrosative stresses in rats undergoing repeat mild traumatic brain injury
(mTBI) delivered with increasing time intervals.
Our purpose was to determine whether sex differences exist with respect to post-concussion symptoms and neurocognitive function in concussed collegiate athletes.
Preoperative embolization in accordance with multimodal therapies for cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) is generally the first step in treatment and may result in complete obliteration. The Onyx liquid embolic system (Micro Therapeutics, Inc., Irvine, CA) may offer advantages for intranidal targeted embolization and microsurgical resection.
Data were analyzed to assess the value of stereotactically applied intracystic colloidal yttrium-90
(YTx) for the treatment of recurrent cystic craniopharyngiomas during a 30-year period.
Using transcranial magnetic stimulation paradigms, this study investigated motor cortex integrity as a function of an athlete's prior history of concussions.
The relationship between athlete reports of symptoms, neurophysiological activation, and neuropsychological functioning is investigated in a sample of high school athletes.
To prospectively assess the impact of subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) at 12 months after surgery in a series of 100 consecutive patients treated in a single center. The primary objective was to describe the clinical outcome in terms of efficacy and tolerance in
STN-DBS patients.
Studies have documented an inflammatory response in the circulating plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
(aSAH). In particular, early upregulation of several complement proteins, including C3a, C4a, and C5b-9, has been demonstrated after the initial hemorrhagic insult.
Clinical observations suggest that a history of previous concussions may cause a slower recovery of neurological function after recurrent concussion episodes. However, direct examination of this notion has not been provided.
Impacts causing concussion in professional football were simulated in laboratory tests to determine collision mechanics. This study focuses on the biomechanics of concussion in the struck player.
The clinical presentation, pathology, treatment, and outcome of a 43-year-old woman with a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor arising from a benign schwannoma of the eighth cranial nerve are presented.
Although reported to occur throughout the central nervous system, hemangioblastomas are principally found in the cerebellum and spinal cord. Pineal region tumors comprise approximately 1% of central nervous system
neoplasms.
Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors (DNTs) are clinicopathologically unique tumors. They are usually located within the supratentorial cortex, most often in the temporal lobe. These lesions are frequently associated with intractable complex partial seizures in children and young adults.
Balloon-mounted coronary stents (BMCS) have been adapted for use in the intracranial circulation for the treatment of symptomatic intracranial atheromatous disease
(ICAD).
International Journal of Rehabilitation Research. 30(3):239-241, September 2007
The negative attitudes of nondisabled persons are among the most serious invisible barriers to the full participation and integration of disabled citizens into society. A big question is, 'what is the current level of acceptance and recognition of disabled persons in a given society, and what kind of public awareness interventions shall be devised to promote positive changes?'. The purpose of this pilot study was to assess the level of the existing attitudinal barriers in a war-torn, middle-income Arab country, Lebanon.
International Journal of Rehabilitation Research. 30(3):209-219, September 2007
The objective of this study was to examine the perspectives of individuals living with spinal cord injury (N=14) concerning the changes that occur in personal relationships after the injury. A qualitative study was completed and a finer-grained analysis of data collected from a primary study took place.
International Journal of Rehabilitation Research. 30(3):227-230, September 2007
The use of a new device consisting of a small vibrator to deliver functional vibratory stimulation
(FVS) to the arm resulted in improvements of flexion of the hemiparetic shoulder in a man with thalamic bleeding. FVS delivered to the palm enabled the patient to repeat flexing his hemiparetic shoulder to manipulate objects with his hand.
International Journal of Rehabilitation Research. 30(3):249-253, September 2007
BiosStep is a functional neuromuscular stimulation system designed to assist the gait of people with central nervous system injuries. It stimulates the quadriceps during the stance phase and the nerves in the popliteal space to produce the swing phase of the gait cycle.
International Journal of Rehabilitation Research. 30(3):243-247, September 2007
We developed a new, sensitive evaluation method for upper extremity dexterity in patients with hemiparesis after stroke. This evaluation method consists of three types of test: the Finger Individual Movement Test, Hand Pronation and Supination Test, and Finger Tapping Test. In each test, the number of movements that can be performed during a 10-s period is measured. Data obtained by these 10-s tests were compared with those obtained by the Nine-Hole Peg Test
(NHPT), and the usefulness of this new method was evaluated.
Diaschisis may play a critical role in motor recovery, but in other cortical networks its role is unclear. Some visual system regions, such as the fusiform
gyri, depend on intact striate regulation for their function. We evaluated visual cortical diaschisis by serial functional magnetic resonance imaging.
A search was performed for clinical observational studies comparing the incidence of IPH between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. Odds ratios
(ORs) for IPH as a factor in the pathogenesis of neurologic events were calculated and combined by a meta-analysis. Interstudy heterogeneity, estimated effects, and methodologic quality of the studies were assessed.
Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics August 2007 Volume 107 Number 2
The Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT) II is a confocal scanning laser device used to acquire images of the optic nerve head. In this paper the authors report a novel use of this device in the assessment of papilledema in a patient with pilocytic astrocytoma of the pineal region.
Dysphagia occurs in up to 50% of patients admitted to hospital with acute strokes with up to 27% remaining by seven days. Up to 8% continue to have swallowing problems six months after their stroke with 1.7% still requiring enteral feeding. Nasogastric tubes
(NGT) are the most commonly used method for providing enteral nutrition in early stroke, however they are easily and frequently removed leading to inadequate nutrition, early PEG
(Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy) insertion or abandoning of feeding attempts. Looped nasogastric tube feeding may improve the delivery of nutrition to such patients.
The Oncologist, Vol. 12, No. 7, 884-898, July 2007
Metastatic brain tumors are the most common intracranial neoplasms in adults. The incidence of brain metastases appears to be rising as a result of superior imaging modalities, earlier detection, and more effective treatment of systemic disease. Therapeutic approaches to brain metastases include surgery, whole brain radiotherapy
(WBRT), stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), and chemotherapy.
Current Medical Research and Opinion, Volume 23, Number 7, July 2007 , pp. 1583-1592(10)
Epilepsy is a chronic disorder requiring long-term management. Communication between emergency physicians, neurologists, and primary care physicians (PCPs) is especially critical for the continuity of care for patients who present in an emergency department (ED) with a breakthrough seizure.
Hypertension is common after intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and may be associated with higher mortality and adverse neurologic outcome. The American Heart Association recommends that blood pressure be maintained at a mean arterial pressure (MAP) less than 130 mm Hg to prevent secondary brain injury.
American Family Physician August 1, 2007 Vol. 76 No. 3
Recurrent ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack are common problems in primary care, with stroke survivors averaging 10 outpatient visits per year.
In France, legislation mandates that the clinical diagnosis of brain death be confirmed by one paraclinical test before organ donation is allowed. That test may be either the electroencephalogram (EEG) or cerebral angiography. We report a case in which the clinical diagnosis of brain death was first confirmed by two EEGs performed according to the French guidelines, but ruled out by cerebral angiography.
The sulfonylurea receptor 1-regulated NCCa-ATP channel is upregulated in rodent models of stroke with block of the channel by the sulfonylurea, glibenclamide
(glyburide), significantly reducing mortality, cerebral edema, and infarct volume. We hypothesized that patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus taking sulfonylurea agents both at the time of stroke and during hospitalization would have superior outcomes.
Acute ischemic stroke with mild or rapidly improving symptoms is expected to result in good functional outcome, whether treated or not. Therefore, thrombolysis with its potential risks does not seem to be justified in such patients. However, recent studies indicate that the outcome is not invariably benign.
Most Stroke Belt studies define exposure based on residence at stroke onset. We assessed whether residence in the Stroke Belt during childhood confers extra stroke risk in adulthood, even among people who left the region.
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 14, Number 8, August 2007 , pp. 937-939(3)
We report the rare presentation of lacunar stroke syndrome secondary to single perforator mouth occlusion from radiation-induced middle cerebral artery (MCA) stem
arteriopathy.
PEDIATRICS Vol. 120 No. 2 August 2007, pp. e428-e431
A 12-month-old girl with occult bacterial meningitis presented with a simple febrile seizure. On examination, the patient was alert, interactive, and smiling responsively without meningeal signs, focal neurologic findings, or signs of extreme illness.
Unilateral spatial neglect (USN) is a disabling feature of stroke, and its identification and management are critical for optimizing patient outcomes. This study examined USN problem identification, assessment, and treatment among clinicians working in stroke rehabilitation.
Little is known about sex differences in stroke recovery. The few available studies have found that female stroke survivors are less likely to achieve independence in activities of daily living and have poorer quality of life than male survivors.
Early ischemic changes on noncontrast CT in acute stroke include both hypoattenuation and brain swelling, which may have different pathophysiological significance.
The Clinical Neuropsychologist, Volume 21, Issue 5 September 2007 , pages 744 - 761
The purpose of this study was to characterize the relationship between verbal memory and depression scores on the Personality Assessment Inventory following traumatic brain injury.
Acute encephalitis is an inflammation of brain tissue that can result from activity in the central nervous system (CNS) of a number of viruses. Although the neurological and psychiatric effects of encephalitis in the acute phase of the illness are well-known
(Caroff, Mann, Gliatto, Sullivan, & Campbell, 2001), larger scale studies of the pattern of neuropsychological and psychiatric impairment following recovery from the acute inflammatory phase are less apparent. This paper reports the results of neuropsychological testing with a range of standardised cognitive measures in a case series of long-term post-acute participants.
Encephalitis is an inflammation of brain tissue that can result from a number of viruses and can be contracted at any age, with prevalence in children exceeding adult incidence. In order to illustrate specific cognitive, behavioural and service provision issues related to post-encephalitis rehabilitation of children, this paper examines the pattern of referrals to a specialist regional paediatric neuropsychology service in the United Kingdom.
Our understanding of the neuropsychological effects of encephalitis has largely come from studies in which the level of premorbid functioning is estimated. Moreover, data on the neuropsychological effects of encephalitogenic pathogens other than the herpes simplex virus
(HSV) are scant.
A number of memory rehabilitation techniques have targeted people with various degrees of memory impairments. However, few studies have shown the contribution of preserved non-declarative memory capacity and errorless learning in the treatment of amnesic patients. The current case report describes the memory rehabilitation of a 44-year-old man with amnesia following viral encephalitis.
Memory and executive problems following encephalitis are common yet there are few published papers on the successful rehabilitation of such patients. We recently demonstrated (Wilson,
Emslie, Quirk, & Evans, 2001; Wilson, Emslie, Quirk, Evans, & Watson, 2005) that a paging system could reduce the everyday memory and planning problems for people with non-progressive brain injury.
This case study describes the use of a wearable camera, SenseCam, which automatically captures several hundred images per day, to aid autobiographical memory in a patient, Mrs B, with severe memory impairment following limbic encephalitis. By using SenseCam to record personally experienced events we intended that SenseCam pictures would form a pictorial diary to cue and consolidate autobiographical memories.
The cognitive sequelae of encephalitis are well documented, and it is increasingly recognised that disorders of mood and anxiety can accompany these
sequelae. Loss of identity is emerging as a key theme in psychotherapeutic interventions in adjustment following acquired brain injury
(ABI). Cognitive-behavioural therapy can be applied to construct a new model of the self in the context of
behavioural, cognitive and social sequelae of the ABI, with consideration of pre-illness identity.
This study presents an exploration of the impact of childhood encephalitis on parental mood, coping and disciplinary strategies. Thirty six parents of children aged between 10 and 17 years were recruited. They were split into groups of recent and remote cases (within or beyond 7 years). Group comparison revealed that neurobehavioural consequences of childhood encephalitis appear to persist over time.
Voluntary organisations are seen as contributing to the
"democratisation" of health and social care. Little, however, is written about their role and this paper, by focusing on the work of the Encephalitis Society, provides valuable insights into the challenges facing voluntary organisations that represent the needs of those with neurological disorders.
The purpose of this work is to characterize the effectiveness and therapeutic doses of carbamazepine
(CBZ) in children with localization-related epilepsy.
Spinal Cord advance online publication 7 August 2007
Paraplegia complicating surgical thoracoabdominal aneurysm (TAA) repair remains an unpredictable and poorly understood phenomenon. The ability to identify patients at increased risk of delayed paraplegia before the process becomes irreversible could allow early interventions to attenuate this risk.
To review the literature of affect recognition for persons with traumatic brain injury
(TBI). It is suggested that impairment of affect recognition could be a significant problem for the TBI population and treatment strategies are recommended based on research for persons with autism.
The Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist-1990R (MBPC-1990R) is a carer-rated measure of (a) problem behaviours and (b) corresponding carer reaction. Although originally developed and validated for dementia, its items are relevant to acquired brain injury
(ABI). This study evaluated its validity in this population.
The overarching purpose of this work was to generate a framework on which to build a traumatic brain injury
(TBI) system-support action plan for individuals with a TBI living in a rural state.
Depression and substance abuse are common among patients with traumatic brain injury
(TBI). However, previous studies have not examined the temporal association between psychiatric disorders, TBI and suicide.
The experience of appraisal and coping in relation to psychosocial adjustment was explored with individuals who had sustained a traumatic brain injury.
It has become evident that the cerebellum plays a role in cognitive function, and Schmahmann et al. have introduced the term
"Cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome (CCAS)." In the present paper we report a patient with cerebellar hemorrhage who developed
CCAS.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 21, Issue 4 August 2007 , pages 382 - 388
Radio Guided Neurosurgery (RGNS) is a technique using systemic administration of radionuclide in which a gamma probe is used intra-operatively to identify isotope-rich brain
tumour, and check for residual lesions after excision of visually identifiable lesion.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 21, Issue 4 August 2007 , pages 403 - 405
In cases of intracerebral haematoma associated with developmental venous anomalies
(DVAs), there is usually an associated cavernoma, which is thought to be the source of
haemorrhage. Only a few cases have been reported in the literature where an intracerebral haemotoma has been caused by a DVA without an associated
cavernoma. In this report we describe a case with a massive haematoma due to venous angioma alone.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 21, Issue 4 August 2007 , pages 406 - 410
Intracranial aneurysms and arachnoid cysts are cerebral disorders of a high prevalence. However, association between both malformations is a rare finding. The aim was to analyse this association with regard to the different clinical presentations according to the haemorrhage types, as well as the pathogenesis of this association. We searched the English language literature in MEDLINE database in order to include all manuscripts in which this association was found.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 21, Issue 4 August 2007 , pages 414 - 416
Dural arteriovenous malformations in the anterior cranial fossa are rare and are especially prone to
haemorrhage. These lesions are usually treated by surgical excision. We report the embolization of an anterior cranial fossa DAVM using an endovascular approach via the ophthalmic artery.
Journal of Neuro-Oncology, Volume 83, Number 3, July 2007 , pp. 307-311(5)
The initial management of malignant gliomas is multimodality in nature, consisting of surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. However, once progression has occurred, treatment options are limited both in terms of selection and efficacy. We report a case of a 37 year-old male diagnosed with a Grade II astrocytoma initially treated with surgery and external beam radiation therapy consisting of 54 Gy delivered in 1.8 Gy fractions that subsequently progressed to a Grade IV
astrocytoma.
This paper describes the rationale and methodology for the Study of Health and Activity in People with Spinal Cord Injury (SHAPE SCI). The study aims to (1) describe physical activity levels of people with different injury levels and completeness, (2) examine the relationship between physical activity, risk and/or presence of secondary health complications and risk of chronic disease, and (3) identify determinants of physical activity in the SCI population.
Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics August 2007 Volume 107 Number 2
The authors report on a neonatal patient with traumatic subacute subdural effusion in the posterior fossa associated with secondary acute hydrocephalus. The infant fell from his
mother's hand onto the floor, injuring his left parietal region. Computed tomography (CT) scans of the
patient's head revealed a linear fracture of the left parietal bone, a small contusion in the right temporal lobe, and a small subdural hematoma in the right posterior fossa with thin subdural effusion.
Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics August 2007 Volume 107 Number 2
Cervicomedullary compression at the foramen magnum in patients with achondroplasia can be associated with apnea, neurological deficits, and sudden death. Decompressive operations are often performed in symptomatic patients. In asymptomatic patients, the indications for prophylactic decompression are controversial.
A distinct feature of malignant gliomas is the intrinsic ability of single tumor cells to disperse throughout the brain, contributing to the failure of existing therapies to alter the progression and recurrence of these deadly brain tumors.
PEDIATRICS Vol. 120 No. 2 August 2007, pp. e354-e363
This study evaluated seizure, patient characteristics, and neurodevelopmental outcome of term newborns with amplitude-integrated electroencephalography-detected status
epilepticus.
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 14, Number 8, August 2007 , pp. 923-928(6)
The data of a lower prevalence of CAA in cases with than without ICH and of ICH with and without CAA do not support the concept that CAA represents the most important risk factor for ICH in the aged, probably because of other risk factors including hypertension.
Patients with atrial fibrillation have a varied risk of stroke, depending on age and comorbid conditions. The objective of this study was to assess the predictive value of stroke risk classification schemes and to identify patients with atrial fibrillation who are at substantial risk of stroke despite optimal anticoagulant therapy.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 21, Issue 4 August 2007 , pages 382 - 388
To assess the usefulness of this technique in surface-localizing brain tumours, in real time, intra-operative identification of tumour from brain, and in assessing completeness of excision. Tumours in or near eloquent areas are of special interest.
sh Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 21, Issue 4 August 2007 , pages 411 - 413
The authors report the case of a nine-year-old boy admitted with raised intracranial pressure in relation with a tumour of the right lateral ventricle. Complete removal of the lesion was achieved and pathological diagnosis was glioblastoma multiform. Adjuvant radio and chemotherapy was given, but the child died from a recurrence of the disease one year after diagnosis. In addition, last MRI demonstrated, distant from the initial tumor site, an extra-cerebral lesion that is supposed to be a glioma metastasis rather than a radio-induced
tumour.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 21, Issue 4 August 2007 , pages 406 - 410
Intracranial aneurysms and arachnoid cysts are cerebral disorders of a high prevalence. However, association between both malformations is a rare finding. The aim was to analyse this association with regard to the different clinical presentations according to the haemorrhage types, as well as the pathogenesis of this association. We searched the English language literature in MEDLINE database in order to include all manuscripts in which this association was found.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 21, Issue 4 August 2007 , pages 318 - 323
Concern has been expressed about the applicability of the findings of the International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial
(ISAT) with respect to the relative effects on outcome of coiling and clipping. It has been suggested that the findings of the National Study of Subarachnoid Haemorrhage may have greater relevance for neurosurgical practice. The objective of this paper was to interpret the findings of these two studies in the context of differences in their study populations, design, execution and analysis. Because of differences in design and analysis, the findings of the two studies are not directly comparable.
British Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 21, Issue 4 August 2007 , pages 340 - 348
Traumatic axonal injury (TAI) contributes significantly to mortality and morbidity following traumatic brain injury
(TBI), but is poorly characterized by conventional imaging techniques. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) may provide better detection as well as insights into the mechanisms of white matter injury. DTI data from 33 patients with moderate-to-severe
TBI, acquired at a median of 32 h postinjury, were compared with data from 28 age-matched controls.
Advances in Speech-Language Pathology, Volume 9, Issue 3 September 2007 , pages 256 - 264
Although several aspects of prosody have been studied in speakers with right hemisphere damage
(RHD), rhythm remains largely uninvestigated. This study compares the rhythm of an Australian English speaker with right hemisphere damage (due to a stroke, but with no concomitant
dysarthria) to that of a neurologically unimpaired individual. The speakers' rhythm is compared using the pairwise variability index
(PVI) which allows for an acoustic characterization of rhythm by comparing the duration of successive vocalic and intervocalic intervals.
Journal of Neurosurgery August 2007 Volume 107 Number 2
Benign extracerebral fluid collections are common in infants, but there are unanswered questions regarding presentation and long-term outcome. This study was undertaken to establish head size at birth, head size at presentation, head growth over time, history of presentation, indications for surgery, and long-term results.
Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain, Volume 47, Number 7, July/August 2007 , pp. 996-1003(8)
The pathophysiology of chronic migraine (CM) is not fully understood. We aimed to examine transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) indices of cortical excitability in patients with CM and also performed PET studies to ascertain if there were any areas of activation and inhibition for possible correlation.
Sevoflurane-induced seizures are most often described during mask induction of anesthesia when high concentrations of the volatile agent are administered concomitant with alveolar hyperventilation. The occurrence of seizure-like activity during emergence from sevoflurane anesthesia has been rarely reported.
Child's Nervous System, Volume 23, Number 6, June 2007 , pp. 701-706(6)
A 12-year-old boy who had a history of Kawasaki disease 9 years ago experienced a subarachnoid hemorrhage by ruptured right posterior cerebral artery aneurysm. On day 1 operation, as the aneurysm was very fragile and bled easily, two intraoperative ruptures, including a very premature rupture, were encountered.
Cephalalgia, Volume 27, Number 8, August 2007 , pp. 904-911(8)
Eighty-five brain tumour patients were examined for further characteristics of brain
tumour-associated headache. The overall prevalence of headache in this population was 60%, but headache was the sole symptom in only 2%. Pain was generally dull, of moderate intensity, and not specifically localized. Nearly 40% met the criteria of tension-type headache.
Euroean Journal of Neurology, Volume 14, Number 8, August 2007 , pp. 944-946(3)
We describe clinical and imaging features of a patient with sporadic progressive ataxia and palatal tremor
(PAPT) of unknown etiology. There was hypertrophy of bilateral inferior olivary nuclei with hyperintense T2-weighted signal and mild cerebellar atrophy at brain magnetic resonance imaging.
Current Opinion in Neurology. 20(4):410-416, August 2007
MRI is increasingly used as the primary imaging modality in acute stroke, since it allows treatment based on individual pathophysiology rather than strict time windows.
PEDIATRICS Vol. 120 No. 2 August 2007, pp. 362-371
To gain new insights into the influence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia on the immature brain and to detect abnormalities, we studied the functional integrity of the brainstem in infants with bronchopulmonary
dysplasia.
Journal of Nurosurgery August 2007 Volume 107 Number 2
Gliomatosis cerebri (GC) is a distinct malignant neuroepithelial neoplasm that is rarely found in children. The authors present the case of an 11-year-old girl in whom the initial presentation suggested possible early Rasmussen encephalitis (RE), but in whom a diagnosis of GC was made instead after examination of a brain biopsy specimen.
Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Volume 24, Issue 5 June 2007 , pages 387 - 391
Severe neonatal hypernatremia is an important electrolyte disorder that has serious effects on the central nervous system, including brain edema, intracranial hemorrhage, hemorrhagic infarct, and thrombosis. Cerebral venous thrombosis is relatively rare in severe neonatal hypernatremic dehydration. The English literature contains only a few reports of the cranial radiological findings in severe neonatal
hypernatremia.
Current Opinion in Neurology. 20(4):381-386, August 2007
Left visual neglect is a frequent and dramatic consequence of right hemisphere lesions. Diagnosis is important because behavioural and pharmacological treatments are available. Furthermore, neglect raises important issues concerning the brain mechanisms of consciousness, perception and attention.
There are not very many epidemiological studies on perinatal stroke, and many authors suggest that this may be an underdiagnosed condition. The aim of the study was to estimate the incidence of perinatal arterial ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in Estonia, to study the first clinical signs and to identify possible differences in predisposing factors and outcome between acutely and retrospectively diagnosed cases of perinatal stroke.
Hyponatremia is common after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). It is caused by
natriuresis, which induces osmotic diuresis and decreases blood volume, contributing to symptomatic cerebral vasospasm
(SCV). Hypervolemic therapy to prevent SCV will not be efficient under this condition. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to assess the efficacy of hydrocortisone, which promotes sodium retention in the kidneys.
Critical Care Medicine. 35(8):1918-1927, August 2007
Patients who receive prolonged mechanical ventilation have high resource utilization and relatively poor outcomes, especially the elderly, and are increasing in number. The economic implications of prolonged mechanical ventilation provision, however, are uncertain and would be helpful to providers and policymakers. Therefore, we aimed to determine the lifetime societal value of prolonged mechanical ventilation.
World J Gastroenterol 2007 August;13(29):3967-3972
To assess the prevalence of bowel dysfunction in hemiplegic patients, and its relationship with the site of neurological lesion, physical immobilization and pharmacotherapy. METHODS: Ninety consecutive hemiplegic patients and 81 consecutive orthopedic patients were investigated during physical motor rehabilitation in the same period, in the same center and on the same diet.
Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, Volume 116, Number 2, August 2007 , pp. 128-132(5)
Valproic acid (VPA) may induce hyperammonemic encephalopathy. On the other hand, seizure-inducing effects of antiepileptic drugs
(AEDs) may be a paradoxical reaction or a result of AED-induced encephalopathy (commonly induced by
VPA).
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 14, Number 8, August 2007 , pp. 912-916(5)
Brain aspergillosis is a rare pathology, occurring mainly in immunocompromised patients, responsible for multiple cerebral septic infarctions. Some researchers have described magnetic resonance
(MR) findings in cerebral invasive aspergillosis, but diffusion-weighted imaging
(DWI) has rarely been reported, especially in typical non-enhancing lesions, while it may be helpful for early differential diagnosis and may allow earlier antifungal treatment.
Cephalalgia, Volume 27, Number 8, August 2007 , pp. 965-975(11)
An association between migraine and ischaemic vascular events, particularly ischaemic stroke, has been debated for many years. The pathophysiology of migraine has been explored in detail, and it is known that a dysfunction of brain cells and arteries is a major component of this disorder.
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