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Journal of Neurovirology, Volume 14, Issue 5 September 2008 , pages 352 - 361
The molecular and structural features of infectious agents that cause CJD, scrapie and BSE remain controversial. A major impediment for agent resolution is the very long and expensive animal assays of infectivity.
Suicide is an important cause of premature death. In the general population, most people who commit suicide have a psychiatric problem at the time. People with epilepsy are thought to be at increased risk from suicide and suicidality (suicidal ideation or
behaviour).
Slices of human cortical tissue were investigated in a submerged-type chamber with intracellular recordings in layers II/III. Parallel experiments were performed in rat neocortical slices with identical methods. Synaptic responses were elicited with single or paired stimulations of incrementing intervals.
The distinction between typical absences and hypomotor seizures in patients having frontal lesions is difficult. In focal epilepsy, generalized-like interictal discharges can reflect either a coexistent generalized epileptic trait or a secondary bilateral synchrony.
Current Treatment Options in Neurology Volume 11, Number 3 / May, 2009 162-169
Drug-induced parkinsonism (DIP) is condition that mimics Parkinson's disease. Characterized mainly by rigidity and bradykinesia, it has less prominent tremor and gait instability.
There is growing evidence that inflammation plays an important role in
atherogenesis. Previous studies show that C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammatory marker, is associated with stroke outcomes and future vascular events.
Engrailed-2 is a homeobox transcription factor that is expressed in mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons from development to adulthood and probably plays an important role in the survival of these neurons.
Journal of Neurotrauma. ahead of print. doi:10.1089/neu.2007.0484
Explosive blast traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the more serious wounds suffered by United States service members injured in the current conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan.
Aortic arch plaques are a risk factor for ischemic stroke. Although the stroke mechanism is conceivably
thromboembolic, no randomized studies have evaluated the efficacy of antithrombotic therapies in preventing recurrent events.
Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy April 2009, Vol. 7, No. 4, Pages 405-410 , DOI 10.1586/erc.09.6
Longstanding racial/ethnic disparities exist in the USA in the areas of healthcare access, healthcare utilization and health-related outcomes of chronic health conditions, such as stroke.
Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism advance online publication 29 April 2009;
doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.2009.53
This is the first study to report results from a noninvasive dual-tracer positron emission tomography (PET) in humans not requiring arterial sampling, in which two radiotracers were injected closely in time within the same scan.
Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy April 2009, Vol. 7, No. 4, Pages 389-393 , DOI 10.1586/erc.09.9
Stroke is common, with a high rate of disability and death, and current therapies are both highly time sensitive and carry some risk, making rapid diagnosis important.
Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy April 2009, Vol. 7, No. 4, Pages 375-387 , DOI 10.1586/erc.09.13
Stroke is the third most common cause of death in the USA, following heart disease and cancer. Intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator is the only US FDA-approved pharmacological treatment available today for acute ischemic stroke.
Journal of the New Zealand Medical Association, 24-April-2009, Vol 122 No 1293
This review is a summary of the New Zealand guideline for the management of Transient Ischaemic Attack (TIA). TIA is a medical emergency and warrants urgent attention. The risk of early stroke following TIA may be as high as 12% at 7 days, and 20% at 90 days, with half of these strokes occurring within the first 48 hours.
Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology Published Online: 21 Apr 2009
We report the case of a 6-year-old female who suffered a left hemisphere stroke attributed to a genetically determined prothrombotic state. She presented a fluent speech pattern with selective difficulty in retrieving names but not verbs. An evaluation was designed to clarify whether her symptoms represented a specific impairment of name retrieval.
Future Neurology May 2009, Vol. 4, No. 3, Pages 351-362 , DOI 10.2217/fnl.09.4
Structural support for axons, which can consist of volumes thousands of times larger than the neuronal
perikaryon, is provided in part by neurofilaments (NFs), the major fibrous constituent of the axonal cytoskeleton.
Communicating the diagnosis of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) is a challenging task. This study was carried out to assess the acceptability and effectiveness of a new communication procedure consisting of a patient information leaflet and a communication strategy for neurologists.
Journal of Neurotrauma. ahead of print. doi:10.1089/neu.2008.0645
Traumatic brain injury caused by explosive or blast events is currently divided into four phases: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary blast injury.
Patients with genetic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in which arginine is substituted for methionine at codon 232 (M232R) of the prion protein gene (CJD232) have been described in Japan, and a recent study has revealed the presence of two clinical phenotypes: a rapidly progressive type (rapid-type) and a slowly progressive type (slow-type).
Current Treatment Options in Neurology Volume 11, Number 3 / May, 2009 186-190
Nonmotor features of Parkinson's disease (PD) have only recently been getting the attention they deserve. Dementia, depression, and psychosis are often more devastating than motor dysfunction.
Current Treatment Options in Neurology Volume 11, Number 2 / March, 2009 126-136
Successful critical care management of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
(SAH) requires a thorough understanding of the disease and its complications and a familiarity with modern multimodality neuromonitoring technology.
Benign familial neonatal convulsions (BFNC) is caused by mutations in the KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 genes, which encode subunits of the M-type potassium channel.
When making choices under uncertainty, people usually consider both the expected value and risk of each option, and choose the one with the higher utility.
Several small patient studies and case reports raise concerns that the reliability of functional magnetic resonance imaging
(fMRI) may be impaired in the vicinity of cerebral lesions.
Topiramate is a newer generation antiepileptic drug with a wide range of antiepileptic efficacy as monotherapy or as adjunctive therapy, and which has shown positive activity in intractable epilepsy and newly diagnosed epilepsy.
Neurosurgery: May 2009 - Volume 64 - Issue 5 - p ons374-ons384
Although a few studies have quantified errors in the implantation of deep brain stimulation electrodes into the subthalamic nucleus
(STN), a significant trend in error direction has not been reported.
Neurosurgery: May 2009 - Volume 64 - Issue 5 - p ons331-ons342
To review our experience with the surgical management of craniovertebral junction malformations, focusing on the selection of surgical approach, management of the associated Chiari malformation, and postoperative instability.
Neurosurgery: May 2009 - Volume 64 - Issue 5 - p ons301-ons317
With the growing volume of aneurysms treated with endovascular methods and the unavoidable risks of incomplete coiling or recurrence, the volume of coiled aneurysms requiring surgical management is growing.
Neurosurgery: May 2009 - Volume 64 - Issue 5 - p ons260-ons268
Meningiomas arising from the falcotentorial junction are relatively rare, and the description of the surgical nuances in approaching these tumors is limited.
Neurosurgery: May 2009 - Volume 64 - Issue 5 - p 991-1000
Recent studies have indicated that bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) have the potential to improve neurological function when transplanted into animal models of spinal cord injury (SCI).
Neurosurgery: May 2009 - Volume 64 - Issue 5 - p 984-990
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a nontoxic molecule with known efficacy as a cell membrane sealant, improving histological and behavioral outcomes in trauma models.
Neurosurgery: May 2009 - Volume 64 - Issue 5 - p 973-983
To investigate the cause of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula, focusing on the role of angiogenic factors and local chronic brain
hypoperfusion.
Neurosurgery: May 2009 - Volume 64 - Issue 5 - p 927-940
This study was conducted to evaluate outcome after decompressive craniectomy (DC) in the setting of mass evacuation with or without intracranial pressure
(ICP) monitoring.
Neurosurgery: May 2009 - Volume 64 - Issue 5 - p 919-926
Because of the difficulty in distinguishing idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus
(INPH) from other neurodegenerative conditions unrelated to cerebrospinal fluid
(CSF) dynamics, response to CSF shunting remains highly variable.
Neurosurgery: May 2009 - Volume 64 - Issue 5 - p 897-908
We examined the incidence of perioperative fever and its relationship to outcome among patients enrolled in the Intraoperative Hypothermia for Aneurysm Surgery Trial.
Neurosurgery: May 2009 - Volume 64 - Issue 5 - p 876-889
Because of their anatomic configuration, middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms are most often treated with surgical clipping. However, endovascular coil embolization of these aneurysms is an increasingly used alternative.
Neurosurgery: May 2009 - Volume 64 - Issue 5 - p E865-E875
We report our results using Onyx HD-500 (Micro Therapeutics, Inc., Irvine, CA) in the endovascular treatment of wide-neck intracranial aneurysms, which have a high rate of incomplete occlusion and recanalization with platinum coils.
Neurosurgery: May 2009 - Volume 64 - Issue 5 - p 856-864
To determine the clinical value of motor functional magnetic resonance imaging
(fMRI) in the presurgical evaluation of a large group of children and adolescents with epilepsy caused by lesions close to the central
sulcus.
Neurosurgery: May 2009 - Volume 64 - Issue 5 - p 847-855
In patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, invasive electroencephalographic study has shown that epileptic activities arising from the unilateral temporal lobe often propagate to the contralateral temporal lobe.
Neurosurgery: May 2009 - Volume 64 - Issue 5 - p 819-827
The neovascularization of malignant brain tumors is a poorly understood phenomenon. Radiographic and histological evidence of increased vascularity correlate with clinical grade of
gliomas.
Neurosurgery: May 2009 - Volume 64 - Issue 5 - p E805-E818
BRAINSTEM CAVERNOUS MALFORMATIONS (CMs) continue to present a considerable source of controversy in the neurosurgical community, with an accumulating volume of literature detailing their natural history and their surgical and radiosurgical management.
Voxel-based analyses (VBA) are increasingly being used to detect white matter abnormalities with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in different types of pathologies.
A 52-year-old woman undergoing treatment for carcinoma of the left breast with brain and bone metastases was referred for F-18 fluoride positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) bone scan
(FBS) to evaluate the status of a bone metastasis.
A 5-year-old girl presented with intractable seizures and nonfocal hemispheric slowing on EEG. Blood, urine, and CSF laboratory values were all normal.
Child's Nervous System 0256-7040 (Print) 10.1007/s00381-009-0896-5
The aim of the present study was to report the chromosomal abnormalities findings in rare pediatric mixed glioneuronal tumor
(GNT), which could not be classified according to the WHO classification.
Journal of Neurotrauma ahead of print. doi:10.1089/neu.2008.0710
Prior work has shown that a high dose (20mg/kg) of systemic morphine, required to produce significant analgesia in the acute phase of a contusion injury, undermines the long-term health of treated subjects and increases lesion size.
Future Neurology May 2009, Vol. 4, No. 3, Pages 287-289 , DOI 10.2217/fnl.09.7
Thioflavin T (ThT), benzothiazole and aminobenzene rings connected by a rotating single bond have been used as reagents to detect and measure the amount of amyloid fibrils.
Future Neurology May 2009, Vol. 4, No. 3, Pages 295-304 , DOI 10.2217/fnl.09.12
As the concept of a network of injury has emerged in the treatment of epilepsy, the importance of evaluating that network noninvasively has also grown.
Child's Nervous System 0256-7040 (Print) 10.1007/s00381-009-0874-y
The actual definition of survival rates following treatment for intracranial ependymomas is substantially influenced by the strict interaction among different factors.
Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism advance online publication 22 April 2009;
doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.2009.41
Oligodendrocytes are sensitive to ischemic damage. The Sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway is critical in
oligodendrogenesis; Gli1 is the principal effector of Shh signaling.
Cerebral white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are believed to be the consequence of small vessel disease, and it is uncertain whether their extent predicts the risk of dementia in patients with vascular disease history.
We sought to determine whether cyclooxygenase-1 (PTGS1) genotype is associated with the ability of aspirin to inhibit platelet aggregation in patients at risk for stroke.
Stroke risk is increased in AIDS patients, and highly active antiretroviral therapy
(HAART) may accelerate atherosclerosis, but little is known about the incidence and risk factors for ischemic stroke in patients under
HAART.
C-reactive protein (CRP) is a determinant of stroke, but there are no prospective studies on CRP and first ischemic stroke divided into etiologic subtypes.
During the past 20 years there has been much research into the factors that modulate awareness of contralesional information in neurological patients with visual neglect or extinction.
The anesthetic agent propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol) has been shown to be an effective neuroprotective agent in different in vitro models of brain injury induced by oxygen-glucose-deprivation.
Studies have previously identified increased levels of platelet activation following acute ischemic stroke. In order to evaluate new antiplatelet agents and their combinations, there is a need for accurate measures of platelet activation.
British Journal of Radiology 2009, doi:10.1259/bjr/81603888
A wide spectrum of intracranial injuries has been described as complicating difficult birth, particularly following instrumental delivery. We describe five children in whom isolated cortical tears were observed on
MRI. Four cases were characterised by a difficult instrumental delivery.
Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology Volume 53 Issue 1, Pages 139 - 141
We report the case of a 41-year-old mentally retarded male with recurrent pilomatrix carcinoma of the occipital region which invaded the occipital bone, left cerebellum and left temporal lobe.
Aripiprazole is a novel atypical neuroleptic used in the treatment of psychosis. A few recent studies have demonstrated an association between the use of aripiprazole and an exacerbation of Parkinsonism, although this relationship is poorly defined.
Lennox-Gastaut syndrome is a catastrophic pediatric epilepsy syndrome characterized by multiple types of treatment-resistant seizures and high rates of seizure-related injury.
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is a clinico-neuroradiological entity characterized by headache, vomiting, altered mental status, blurred vision and seizures with neuroimaging studies demonstrating white-gray matter edema involving predominantly the posterior region of the brain.
Suicidality in people with epilepsy is significantly more frequent than in the general population. The relation between suicidality and epilepsy is multifactorial and bidirectional.
Seizures have both local and remote effects on nervous system function. Whereas propagated seizures are known to disrupt cerebral activity, little work has been done on remote network effects of seizures that do not propagate.
International Journal of Stroke Volume 4 Issue 2, Pages 137 - 144
Background Self-management is seen as a primary mechanism to support the optimization of care for people with chronic diseases such as symptomatic vascular disease. There are no established and evidence-based stroke-specific chronic disease self-management programs.
Neurocritical Care 1541-6933 (Print) 10.1007/s12028-009-9214-z
Pharmacologic blood pressure elevation is often utilized to prevent or treat ischemia in patients with acute neurologic injury, and routinely requires administration of vasopressor agents.
Neurocritical Care 1541-6933 (Print) 10.1007/s12028-009-9220-1
Ancillary testing is frequently required in the determination of death by brain criteria, particularly in cases in which the clinical examination is drawn into question.
The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences Volume 36, Number 3 / May 2009 340-348
The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a self-administered questionnaire to measure the health-related quality of life
(QOL) of patients with brain cancer.
International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry Published Online: 2 Apr 2009
We investigated several executive bedside tests for their effectiveness in the routine clinical diagnostics of dysexecutive syndrome in subcortical ischemic vascular disease
(SIVD).
Progressive myoclonus epilepsy (PME) is a syndrome characterized by myoclonic seizures (lightning-like jerks), generalized convulsive seizures, and varying degrees of neurological decline, especially ataxia and dementia.
To ascertain the effects on sexual function of men with epilepsy (MWE) of testosterone levels and indices of anxiety and depression. METHODS: Sixty MWE taking one antiepileptic drug only
(AED), with no comedication, were compared with 60 control men.
Antiepileptic drugs are routinely given after craniotomy. Though phenytoin (PHT) is still the most commonly used agent, levetiracetam (LEV) is increasingly administered for this purpose. This retrospective study compared the use of LEV and PHT as monotherapy prophylaxis following supratentorial neurosurgery.
Status epilepticus (SE) can be refractory to conventional anticonvulsants, requiring anesthetic doses of medications to suppress seizures. This approach carries significant morbidity, is associated with a high fatality rate, and may not always control SE.
An 82-year-old man presented to us with a 2-year history of progressive difficulty walking. On examination, he had
bradykinesia, bradyphrenia, axial rigidity without appendicular rigidity,
cogwheeling, or tremor, and restriction of upward and downward gaze.
Cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome (CHS) following carotid artery stenting (CAS) or carotid endarterectomy
(CEA) is rare but often fatal once intracranial hemorrhage has occurred.
Spinal Cord advance online publication 28 April 2009; doi: 10.1038/sc.2009.45
This was an observational, descriptive case-series study. The magnitude and direction of diaphragm movement during tidal and maximal inspiratory breaths in tetraplegic subjects were measured using B-mode sonography on a single occasion.
There is a great individual variability for acquiring syntactic knowledge in a second language (L2). Little is, however, known if there is any anatomical basis in the brain for individual differences in syntactic acquisition.
There is growing evidence that inflammation plays an important role in
atherogenesis. Previous studies show that C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammatory marker, is associated with stroke outcomes and future vascular events.
Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Volume 29 Issue 5, Pages 1206 - 1210
To quantitatively compare spiral imaging and sensitivity-encoded-echo-planar-imaging
(SENSE-EPI) methods for blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) imaging using controlled changes in the end-tidal partial pressure of CO2 (PetCO2) to provide a global BOLD response. Specifically, we examined susceptibility-field-gradient effects on the BOLD sensitivity throughout the brain.
Gender differences have been well established in verbal and spatial abilities but few studies have examined if these differences also extend into the domain of working memory in terms of behavioural differences and brain activation.
Recent models suggest that alpha phase serves as a mechanism especially relevant for the timing of neural activity, whereas alpha amplitude is important for the inhibition of task-irrelevant brain areas.
Everyday communication is accompanied by visual information from several sources, including co-speech gestures, which provide semantic information listeners use to help disambiguate the speaker's message.
Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Volume 29 Issue 5, Pages 1175 - 1184
To obtain diffusion tensor images (DTI) over a large image volume rapidly with 3D isotropic spatial resolution, minimal spatial distortions, and reduced motion artifacts, a diffusion-weighted steady-state 3D projection (SS 3DPR) pulse sequence was developed.
Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Volume 29 Issue 5, Pages 1035 - 1042
To develop and implement a method for improved cerebellar tissue classification on the MRI of brain by automatically isolating the cerebellum prior to segmentation.
Neurological Research, Volume 31, Number 2, March 2009 , pp. 122-127(6)
The objectives of this work were to update and summarize recent experimental works on
neuroglobin, mainly focus on its neuroprotective effects and the mechanisms.
Neurological Research, Volume 31, Number 2, March 2009 , pp. 151-158(8)
Delayed cerebral vasospasm has long been recognized as an important cause of poor outcome after an otherwise successful treatment of a ruptured intracranial aneurysm, but it remains a pathophysiological enigma despite intensive research for more than half a century.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 8 April 2009. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.165860
Mediotemporal lobe (MTL) epilepsy (MTLE) is particularly frequent among human localization-related epilepsies. MTLE usually starts before adulthood and is most frequently associated with hippocampal sclerosis (HS). For lesional adult-onset
MTLE, aetiologies, disease courses, and outcomes are unknown.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 8 April 2009. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.169672
Social functioning is impaired in about two third of stroke patients in vocational age, even several months after a first-ever mild to moderate stroke. The known predictors of social functioning were initial stroke severity, anxiety and depression and the Mini Mental State Evaluation, suggesting that cognitive deficits contribute to post-stroke social
dysfunctioning.
Child's Nervous System 0256-7040 (Print) 10.1007/s00381-009-0898-3
Hair clippers are widely used to cut hair short at the occipital region for Asian school boys. A haircut as the cause of shunt dislodgement has not previously been reported.
Child's Nervous System 0256-7040 (Print) 10.1007/s00381-009-0892-9
The application of conformal radiation therapy in the treatment of pediatric ependymoma is a success story resulting from advances in radiation therapy planning and delivery.
Child's Nervous System 0256-7040 (Print) 10.1007/s00381-009-0860-4
The case of a term IUGR newborn who presented a cerebral vein thrombosis diagnosed by routine ultrasound brain scan, and confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance
venography, is reported.
A reduction in physical activity combined with decreased demand for leg oxygen consumption may affect blood flow to the hemiparetic lower extremity after stroke.
Child's Nervous System 0256-7040 (Print) 10.1007/s00381-009-0871-1
Intracranial aneurysms are exceptional in neonatal patients: There are only 16 cases previously reported. We describe the first case of neonatal posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysm and review the literature.
The purpose of the present study was to assess whether the direction of flow via the circle of Willis
(CoW) changed after stenting for severe internal carotid artery (ICA).
Emergency medical dispatchers play an important role in optimizing stroke care if they are able to accurately identify calls regarding acute cerebrovascular disease.
Child's Nervous System 0256-7040 (Print) 10.1007/s00381-009-0894-7
The purpose of this study is to determine the factors associated with posttraumatic seizure in patients under 2 years old with acute subdural hematoma
(ASDH).
Child's Nervous System 0256-7040 (Print) 10.1007/s00381-009-0890-y
After diagnosis of an antenatal monoventricular hydrocephalus caused by a cystic lesion of the foramen of
Monro, treatment modality and time frame may be difficult to assess.
Mutations in doublecortin (DCX) are associated with intractable epilepsy in humans, due to a severe disorganization of the neocortex and hippocampus known as classical
lissencephaly.
New England Journal of Medicine Volume 360:1729-1739 April 23, 2009 Number 17
The genetic cause of cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy
(CARASIL), which is characterized by ischemic,
nonhypertensive, cerebral small-vessel disease with associated alopecia and
spondylosis, is unclear.
We are reporting our clinical experience in 66 patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) who were switched to tolcapone because of persisting off periods despite treatment with entacapone (according to the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal products:
EMEA).
Several studies have assessed delirium post-stroke but conflicting results have been obtained. Also, the natural history and outcome of delirium post-stroke need to be fully elucidated.
Annals of Biomedical Engineering 0090-6964 (Print) 10.1007/s10439-009-9689-y
This study proposes magnetic resonance (MR)-measurement-integrated (MR-MI) simulation, in which the difference between the computed velocity field and the phase-contrast MRI measurement data is fed back to the numerical simulation.
Northeast Center for Special Care is located halfway between New York City and Albany at the foot of the Catskill's in the beautiful Hudson River Valley.
View images of our state-of-art rehabilitation center and beautiful campus.
The cause of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is largely unknown, but genetic factors are thought to play a significant role in determining susceptibility to motor neuron degeneration.
The purpose of our study was to evaluate spinal MR images for extraforaminal disk herniation with or without foraminal disk herniation to determine the reliable MRI findings.
Journal of Neuro-Oncology Volume 92, Number 3 / May, 2009 261-273
Since the establishment of the AANS/CNS Section on Tumors in 1984, neurosurgeons have been actively involved in basic science research of human brain tumors that has moved the field forward considerably.
Neurological Research, Volume 31, Number 2, March 2009 , pp. 114-121(8)
Numerous studies have demonstrated a protective effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in experimental ischemic brain injury, and many physiological and molecular mechanisms of hyperbaric oxygen therapy-related neuroprotection have been identified.
Journal of Neuro-Oncology Volume 92, Number 3 / May, 2009 283-296
Surgical treatment of craniopharyngiomas has been historically challenging and, despite advancements in microsurgical and skull base techniques, continues to pose a challenge to modern day surgeons.
European Journal of Neurology Published Online: 14 Apr 2009
Sialidosis type 1 (ST-1) is a neurodegenerative disorder with limited long-term follow-up report. This study is to document the chronological profile of ST-1.
The present investigation assesses specific numerical difficulties in a patient
(SJ) with basal ganglia (BG) dysfunction. While previous studies on number processing in BG disorders typically tested arithmetic facts by production tasks, the present study uses production, recognition (verification, multiple-choice) and indirect (number-matching) arithmetic tasks.
The authors report the study of a 30-month-old girl with refractory myoclonic epilepsy associated with mental retardation, growth delay, peculiar facial appearance, and minor physical anomalies.
The aim of this study was to assess bone mineral density (BMD) in a large population of children, adolescents, and young adults with epilepsy alone or in association with cerebral palsy and/or mental retardation.
To determine the prevalence of herb and dietary supplement use and to provide a comprehensive analysis of factors influencing the use of these products in patients with epilepsy.
Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics April 2009 Volume 3, Number 4
Scalp masses are not infrequently encountered in daily clinical practice. They are represented by a wide spectrum of different clinical entities and are usually managed by an excision or by simple observation.
Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics April 2009 Volume 3, Number 4
Cavernous malformations (CMs) or hemangiomas arising from within the dural sinuses are rare entities that differ from their parenchymal counterparts in that they are highly vascular lesions.
Elevations of the levels of N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (NAAG) and
N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) are associated with myelin loss in the leucodystophies Canavan's disease and Pelizaeus-Merzbacher-like disease.
Epidemiological studies indicate a genetic contribution to ischemic stroke risk but specific genetic variants remain unknown with the exception of a few rare variants.
American Journal of Neuroradiology DOI 10.3174/ajnr.A1577
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a spinal deformity with unknown cause. Previous studies have suggested that subclinical neurologic abnormalities are associated with
AIS.
National guidelines and government directives have adopted policies for urgent assessment of patients with a transient ischaemic attack or minor stroke not admitted to hospital.
Clinical Microbiology and Infection Published Online: 21 Apr 2009
The main predictor of outcomes in herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis (HSE) is the delay between hospital admission and initiation of acyclovir. In this study, factors associated with late initiation of acyclovir were identified.
American Journal of Neuroradiology DOI 10.3174/ajnr.A1476
It is not possible to determine if neonates diagnosed with Krabbe disease through statewide neonate screening programs will develop the disease as infants, juveniles, or adults.
Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics April 2009 Volume 3, Number 4
Clinical and radiographic evidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)-related vasospasm is rare in children and has not been reported in infants. In this report the authors present the case of a 22-month-old child who developed clinically symptomatic, radiographically identifiable vasospasm after traumatic
SAH.
International Journal of Stroke Volume 4 Issue 2, Pages 81 - 88
Rationale Lacunar infarct associated with small vessel disease is a common stroke subtype in China and has a favorable short-term prognosis. Data on its long-term prognosis among Chinese patients are lacking.
International Journal of Stroke Volume 4 Issue 2, Pages 89 - 93
Background and Purpose The improved outcome (survival and function) of stroke patients admitted to multidisciplinary stroke units (SU) in developed countries has not been replicated in developing countries in sub-Saharan Africa.
International Journal of Stroke Volume 4 Issue 2, Pages 101 - 110
The potential application for stem cell therapy is vast, and development for use in ischaemic stroke is still in its infancy. Access to stem cells for research is contentious; however, stem cells are obtainable from both animal and human.
American Journal of Neuroradiology DOI 10.3174/ajnr.A1604
Reperfusion remains the mainstay of acute ischemic stroke treatment. Endovascular therapy has become a promising alternative for patients who are ineligible for or have failed intravenous (IV)
thrombolysis.
Magnetic Resonance in Medicine Published Online: 13 Apr 2009
Since the invention of arterial spin labeling (ASL) it has been acknowledged that ASL does not allow reliable detection of a white matter (WM) perfusion signal. However, recent developments such as pseudo-continuous labeling and background suppression have improved the quality.
European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 1619-7070 (Print) 10.1007/s00259-009-1133-x
The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose
(FDG) PET in detecting high-grade meningioma and predicting the recurrence in patients with meningioma after surgical resection.
Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics April 2009 Volume 3, Number 4
Myelomeningocele (MMC) is the most complex congenital malformation of the CNS that is compatible with life. Different closure techniques are available for defect reconstruction, but wound healing and tension-free closure of the skin in the midline remain major considerations in large
MMCs.
Neurocritical Care 1541-6933 (Print) 10.1007/s12028-009-9216-x
Malignant MCA infarction results in significant space occupying effect and intracranial pressure
(ICP) increment. Due to the high mortality rate in such patients, the term malignant MCA infarction was coined.
International Journal of Stroke Volume 4 Issue 2, Pages 111 - 123
Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis is an uncommon disease marked by clotting of blood in cerebral venous, or dural sinuses, and, in rare cases, cortical veins. It is a rare but potentially fatal cause of acute neurological deterioration previously related to
otomastoid, orbit, and central face cutaneous infections.
Word finding difficulties are often reported by epileptic patients with seizures originating from the language dominant cerebral hemisphere, for example, in temporal lobe epilepsy.
Paired associative transcranial magnetic stimulation (PAS) has been shown to induce long-term potentiation
(LTP)-like or long-term depression (LTD)-like change in excitability of human primary motor cortex (M1), as probed by motor evoked potential
(MEP) amplitude.
Digital atlases are commonly used in pre-operative planning in functional neurosurgical procedures performed to minimize the symptoms of Parkinson's disease.
Hypertension is the most important single modifiable risk factor for stroke. We investigated the distribution of stroke risk factors and 10-year probability of stroke in Korean hypertensive patients.
Despite its frequent occurrence and effective treatment options, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
(BPPV) still remains under-estimated in the community.
Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy
April 2009, Vol. 7, No. 4, Pages 395-403
Thrombolysis has become an approved therapy for acute stroke. However, many stroke patients do not benefit from such treatment, since the presently used criteria are very restrictive, notably with respect to the accepted time window.
Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy
April 2009, Vol. 7, No. 4, Pages 389-393
Stroke is common, with a high rate of disability and death, and current therapies are both highly time sensitive and carry some risk, making rapid diagnosis important.
Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy
April 2009, Vol. 7, No. 4, Pages 405-410
Longstanding racial/ethnic disparities exist in the USA in the areas of healthcare access, healthcare utilization and health-related outcomes of chronic health conditions, such as stroke.
European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 0937-4477 (Print) 10.1007/s00405-009-0973-0
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is defined as increased intracranial pressure in the absence of intracranial mass or obstructive hydrocephalus.
The purpose of this study was to determine the association between iron deficiency and febrile seizures in a large cohort of children aged 6 to 36 months.
Most neuroimaging studies are performed using one imaging method only, either functional magnetic resonance imaging
(fMRI), electroencephalography (EEG), or magnetoencephalography (MEG).
Magnetoencephalography (MEG), in which magnetic fields generated by brain activity are recorded outside of the head, is now in routine clinical practice throughout the world.
We present a Bayesian filtering approach for automatic estimation of dynamical source models from magnetoencephalographic data. We apply multi-target Bayesian filtering and the theory of Random Finite Sets in an algorithm that recovers the life times, locations and strengths of a set of dipolar sources.
We describe a method to detect brain activation in cortically constrained maps of current density computed from magnetoencephalography (MEG) data using multivariate statistical inference.
Auditory brainstem responses provide diagnostic value in pathologies involving the early parts of the auditory pathway. Despite that, the neural generators underlying the various components of these responses have remained unclear.
This article describes a spatio-temporal EEG/MEG source imaging (ESI) that extracts a parsimonious set of atoms or components, each the outer product of both a spatial and a temporal signature.
A persistent problem in developing plausible neurophysiological models of perception, cognition, and action is the difficulty of characterizing the interactions between different neural systems.
This article reports an unusual presentation wherein the first evidence of distant failure from a locally controlled, recurrent skull base chordoma was a metastasis to the mandible.
Journal of Neurosurgery April 2009 Volume 110, Number 4
Tumor-to-tumor metastasis (TTM) is a relatively rare but well-documented phenomenon. The authors report a unique case of esophageal carcinoma metastatic to an intracranial
paraganglioma.
Encephalopathy due to hepatic or renal failure, electrolyte disturbances, or the administration of benzodiazepines and narcotics is commonly encountered, well reviewed in the literature, and, therefore, not usually missed.
Clinical Interventions in Aging Published: April 2009
Ropinirole prolonged release is a once-daily, 24-hour formulation of ropinirole, a non-ergot dopamine agonist. It is approved as monotherapy and as an adjunct to levodopa in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD).
This article focuses on the medical diseases that not only lead to cerebrovascular complications, but at times initially manifest as cerebral infarction.
Smell identification tests (SITs) have been suggested as useful in the differential diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD). We have applied the 40 item University of Pennsylvania SIT (UPSIT-40) and/or the 16 item SIT from Sniffin Sticks (SS-16) to 193 nondemented PD patients and 157 controls and used logistic regression analysis to associate the SIT result with the probability of an individual patient having PD ( PD probability).
European Journal of Neurology Published Online: 31 Mar 2009
A single nucleotide polymorphism in the 3'-untranslated region of the progranulin gene
(GRN; 3'UTR+78C>T; rs5848) was reported to alter the risk for frontotemporal lobar degeneration with
ubiquitin-positive inclusions (FTLD-U). rs5848 is located within a micro-RNA binding site and affects the expression of
GRN.
European Journal of Neurology Published Online: 2 Apr 2009
Pseudotumor cerebri (PTC) is a disorder of increased intracranial pressure without evidence of a space occupying lesion. The purpose of this study was to assess the subjective perception of PTC and its association with stress, anxiety and global quality of life
(QOL).
The natural history of stroke is worse in women than in men. Controversial data have been published on the efficacy of thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator
(rtPA) according to gender.
The young age of onset and frequently intractable nature of seizures associated with
Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) have been well-reported in large studies. However, many clinicians also anecdotally describe prolonged but sporadic seizure clusters.
Vascular calcification is known to be associated with cardiovascular mortality, and arterial stiffness measured by pulse wave velocity is associated with major cardiovascular risk factors.
It is unknown if any particular anticonvulsants modify the likelihood of seizure reduction when used in combination with the ketogenic diet
(KD). A retrospective study was performed of 217 consecutive children who started the KD from 2000-2007.
Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics April 2009 Volume 3, Number 4
In the era of evidence-based medicine, clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) have become an integral part of many aspects of medical practice. Because practicing neurosurgeons rarely have the time or, in some cases, the methodological expertise, to assess and assimilate the totality of primary research, CPGs can in theory provide a vehicle through which neurosurgeons could more efficiently integrate the most current evidence into patient management.
Medical Hypotheses Received 23 November 2008; accepted 6 January 2009. published online 31 March 2009
Epilepsy is one of the most common diseases in neurology department. It is caused by many different kinds of perturbances of normal balance of excitation and inhibition within the central nervous system.
Journal of Child Neurology Volume 103, Issue 8, Pages 1107-1112 (15 April 2009)
The evaluation of antithrombotic agents for secondary stroke prevention has focused on stroke reduction. The aim of this analysis was to focus specifically on the increase in bleeding risk.
Journal of Child Neurology 2009, doi:10.1177/0883073809332694
Seckel syndrome is a rare genetic disorder of recessive inheritance characterized by prenatal-onset growth retardation, abnormally small head, varying degrees of mental retardation and an unusual "beak-like" protrusion of the nose.
Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis (PLE) is a syndrome characterized by the development of neuropsychiatric symptoms due to a misdirected tumor-activated antibody response that damages host neural tissue.
Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, doi:10.1093/tropej/fmn115
The central nervous system's involvement is the most common reported extra-pulmonary manifestations of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, and stroke was one of the most special situations.
Clinical Microbiology Reviews, April 2009, p. 322-348, Vol. 22, No. 2
Eosinophilic meningoencephalitis is caused by a variety of helminthic infections. These worm-specific infections are named after the causative worm genera, the most common being
angiostrongyliasis, gnathostomiasis, toxocariasis,
cysticercosis, schistosomiasis, baylisascariasis, and
paragonimiasis.
Arch Dis Child. Published Online First: 8 April 2009. doi:10.1136/adc.2009.157636
The aim of this prospective audit was to assess the effectiveness and safety of rectal paraldehyde in the management of acute, including prolonged,
tonic-clonic convulsions.
Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy April 2009, Vol. 10, No. 6, Pages 1027-1038
Apomorphine, a medication that has been studied intensively over the years, is available in the US as intermittent subcutaneous injections for treatment of ‘off’ motor states in Parkinson disease.
CADASIL is a hereditary arteriopathy causing recurrent strokes and cognitive decline. Because monozygotic twins have identical genetic background, differences in their environment and lifestyle could reveal factors that may influence CADASIL patients' clinical course, which is highly variable even within the same family.
European Journal of Neurology Published Online: 17 Apr 2009
Anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs), prior to step initiation, are bradykinetic in advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) and may be one of the factors associated with 'start hesitation'.
The Journal of Headache and Pain 1129-2369 (Print) 10.1007/s10194-009-0117-3
A 28-year-old woman had thunderclap headache (TCH), after 7 days she had left
hemiparesis. She had a history of oral contraceptive and citalopram medications.
Current Opinion in Critical Care: April 2009 - Volume 15 - Issue 2 - p 79-82
Fever in the neurocritical care setting is very common and has a negative impact on outcome of all disease types. Recent advances have made eliminating fever and maintaining normothermia feasible.
Current Opinion in Critical Care: April 2009 - Volume 15 - Issue 2 - p 83-86
To summarize the recent literature of the hemodynamic management of subarachnoid hemorrhage and cerebral vasospasm, also designated as 'triple-H' therapy, and discuss each component of this management approach individually.
Journal of Child Neurology 2009, doi:10.1177/0883073808330164
In order to investigate the influence of genetic factors in childhood stroke, we compared the distributions of mutations/ polymorphisms affecting hemostasis and/or endothelial function (factor V [FV] Leiden, factor II
[FII] G20210A, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase [MTHFR] C677T,
angiotensin-converting enzyme [ACE] insertion/deletion [ID], and endothelial nitric oxide synthase
[eNOS] G894T) among children with stroke and controls.
When alloplastic cranial implants present some complications, the classical strategy has been to remove them. Removal of the custom-made artificial skull, however, requires a second
cranioplasty.
We describe a patient who, after right hemisphere damage, showed severe, persistent, pure representational neglect but no evidence of perceptual neglect and no deficits in spatial working memory when evaluated with a traditional clinical test
(Corsi Block Tapping test).
Increased total homocysteine (tHcy) is a risk factor for stroke. This study examines whether the efficacy of B-vitamins in reducing tHcy is modified by ethnicity in a Singaporean ischemic stroke population.
The fractalkine ligand/receptor (CX3CL1/CX3CR1) complex is important in inflammatory responses and has been associated with vascular disease. We determined whether genetic variants in CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 are associated with carotid atherosclerosis in 2 large European populations.
Neurocritical Care 1541-6933 (Print) 10.1007/s12028-009-9209-9
To determine the safety and tolerability of super-selective intra-arterial magnesium sulfate in combination with intra-arterial nicardipine in patients with cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics April 2009 Volume 3, Number 4
The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of minimal residual calcification without enhancing tumor on the rate of recurrence after gross-total resection
(GTR) of craniopharyngioma in children.
To make informed treatment decisions, patients and physicians need to be aware of the benefits and risks of a proposed treatment. The number needed to treat
(NNT) for benefit and harm are intuitive and statistically valid measures to describe a treatment effect.
Many people who have a traumatic brain injury experience apathy. Apathy is a decrease in cognitive, behavioural and emotional components of goal-directed activity due to reduced motivation. It is characterised by lessened activity, initiative and concern about working towards and achieving goals. This problem impacts on rehabilitation outcome, independence, work and family burden.
Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics April 2009 Volume 3, Number 4
Intrinsic tumors arising in the dorsal midbrain cause obstructive hydrocephalus and have an indolent clinical course. Positron emission tomography (PET) with fluorine-18-abeled fluorodeoxyglucose
(FDG) and l- [methyl-11C]methionine (MET) was used to evaluate the biological behaviors of dorsal midbrain tumors.
Thirteen percent of patients with cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis (CVST) has a poor clinical outcome. In patients with a poor prognosis, endovascular thrombolysis can be considered, but this procedure does not appear to be beneficial in patients with impending transtentorial herniation because of large hemorrhagic venous infarcts.
Acute stroke care is shaped by healthcare policies. Differing policies in similar populations allow for assessment of policy impact on health and healthcare outcomes. The purpose of this study was to compare stroke presentation and hospital care in two adjacent healthcare systems with differing healthcare policies.
Our previous studies found that deferoxamine reduces intracerebral hemorrhage
(ICH)-induced brain injury in rats. The current study examined whether deferoxamine reduces brain injury in a piglet ICH model.
Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics April 2009 Volume 3, Number 4
The authors reviewed the medical charts of infants with brain injuries who presented to Albany Medical Center Hospital between January 2004 and July 2007.
Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics April 2009 Volume 3, Number 4
Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas constitute ~ 60-5% of tumors found within the pediatric brainstem. These malignant lesions present with rapidly progressive symptoms such as cranial nerve, long tract, or cerebellar dysfunctions.
The current study compared lower-limb aerobic training and sensory attention focused exercise (PD
SAFEx) to a non-exercise control group with the overall objective of determining which strategy would have a greater benefit for Parkinson's disease (PD) symptoms and gait. PD SAFEx was developed to focus on sensorimotor deficits identified in PD with the aim of increasing sensory feedback and body awareness, while the lower-limb aerobic training utilized a specially designed semi-recumbent elliptical device.
Freezing is a disabling symptom in patients with Parkinson's disease. We investigated the effectiveness of a new rehabilitation strategy based on treadmill training associated with auditory and visual cues.
In this paper we report findings from a systematic investigation of spelling performance in three patients - PR, RH and AC - who despite their different medical diagnoses showed a very consistent pattern of
dysgraphia, more typical of graphemic buffer disorder. Systematic investigation of the features characteristic of this disorder in Study 1 confirmed the presence of length effects in spelling, classic errors (i.e., letter substitution, omission, addition, transposition), a bow-shaped curve in the serial position of errors and consistency in substitution of consonants and vowels.
Some clinical models, like California ABCD and unified ABCD2 scores, are now available to predict the early risk of stroke after a TIA. Despite the transitivity of symptoms, DWI identified an area of acute brain ischemia in almost half of patients.
Anosmia occurs frequently in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) from a ruptured aneurysm treated with clipping. We analyzed prevalence, prognosis, and potential risk factors for anosmia after coiling for
SAH.
We assessed the diagnostic performance of 2-phase 64-slice cardiac computed tomographic angiography
(CCTA) for the detection of a cardiac source of embolism in stroke patients using transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) as the reference standard.
The objective of this study is to investigate the safety and tolerability of
memantine, a glutamatergic modulator, in patients suffering from dementia associated with Parkinson's disease
(PDD), an increasingly common complication of PD.
Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology, Volume 4, Issue 3 May 2009 , pages 137 - 142
The aim of this pilot study using hemiplegic subjects was to measure energy expenditure, hand position and ride comfort, in a standard dual handrim Sunrise Breezy wheelchair compared to one modified with a novel ergonomic self-propelled steering (ESP) mechanism kit.
Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology, Volume 4, Issue 3 May 2009 , pages 181 - 188
To identify areas of difficulty encountered by a regional wheelchair service in providing Electric Powered Indoor/outdoor wheelchairs
(EPIOCs) to those with muscular dystrophy (MD) in the early years of their provision - particularly posture, pain and deformity.
Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology, Volume 4, Issue 3 May 2009 , pages 198 - 207
The purpose of this study was to evaluate pushrim-activated, power-assisted wheelchair
(PPW) performance among dual-users in their natural environment to determine whether the PPW would serve as a satisfactory alternative to a power wheelchair for community-based activities.
A 17-year-old boy presented with left focal seizures and progressive hemiparesis for 10 years. Serial MRIs showed progressive right cerebral and contralateral cerebellar atrophy.
Leukoaraiosis (LA) is closely associated with aging, a major determinant of clinical outcome after ischemic stroke. In this study we sought to identify whether LA, independent of advancing age, affects outcome after acute ischemic stroke.
To examine whether antiplatelet medication use at onset of intracerebral hemorrhage
(ICH) is associated with hemorrhage growth and outcome after spontaneous ICH using a large, prospectively collected database from a recent clinical trial.
The cause of hyperintense magnetic resonance changes and reduced apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in specific brain regions of patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
(CJD) is unknown.
Parenteral antibiotic therapy with gentamicin, even in accepted therapeutic doses, can occasionally cause bilateral vestibular loss
(BVL) due to hair cell toxicity.
In the midbrain of patients with Parkinson disease (PD), there is a selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the ventrolateral and caudal substantia nigra
(SN).
Spinal Cord advance online publication 21 April 2009; doi: 10.1038/sc.2009.18
Review by the spinal cord outcomes partnership endeavor (SCOPE), which is a broad-based international consortium of scientists and clinical researchers representing academic institutions, industry, government agencies, not-for-profit organizations and foundations.
The aim of this randomised, double-blind study was to investigate the therapeutic effectiveness of left-hand electrical stimulation for patients with post-stroke left
visuo-spatial neglect.
The present study aimed to (1) identify the difficulties most frequently reported by individuals with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) at the time of discharge from a sub-acute rehabilitation brain injury unit as well as difficulties reported by their relatives, (2) compare patients' and relatives' reports of patient difficulties, and (3) explore the role of injury severity, disability and other factors on subjective experience of difficulties.
The aim of this descriptive study was to evaluate the construct validity and reliability of the Behavioural Inattention Test (BIT) in patients with acquired brain injury in Turkey.
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a membrane-bound efflux pump that limits the distribution of drugs to several organs of the body. At the blood-brain barrier,
P-gp blocks the entry of both loperamide and its metabolite,
N-desmethyl-loperamide (N-dLop), and thereby prevents central opiate effects.
We have characterized the biodistribution and dosimetry of 18F-3'-F-6-OH-BTA1 (18F-GE067), a newly developed radioligand to visualize and quantify amyloid burden, in healthy elderly human subjects.
It has been demonstrated in vitro that the dopamine D2 receptor has 2 interconvertible affinity states for endogenous dopamine, referred to as the high- and the low-affinity states.
Our objective was to evaluate 18F-FDG PET uptake in patients with nonmetastatic and metastatic
chromaffin-derived tumors. Methods: Twenty-eight consecutive unrelated patients with chromaffin tumors, including 9 patients with genetically determined disease, were studied.
Electroencephalograms (EEGs) recorded simultaneously with functional magnetic resonance imaging
(fMRI) are corrupted by large repetitive artifacts generated by the switched MR gradients.
Greater loss in structural integrity of the ipsilesional corticospinal tract (CST) is associated with poorer motor outcome in patients with hemiparetic stroke.
American Journal of Neuroradiology DOI 10.3174/ajnr.A1592
A previous study demonstrated the need to use delayed acquisition rather than first-pass data for accurate blood-brain barrier permeability surface product
(BBBP) calculation from perfusion CT (PCT) according to the Patlak model, but the optimal duration of the delayed acquisition has not been established.
Journal of Neurosurgery April 2009 Volume 110, Number 4
Primary intracerebral manifestation of multiple myeloma is rare and usually arises from the meninges or brain parenchyma. The authors present a case of multiple myeloma primarily manifesting within the lateral ventricle.
Methamphetamine use is a common problem among women of childbearing age, leading to an increasing number of children with prenatal methamphetamine exposure.
Inherited erythromelalgia (IEM), an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by severe burning pain in response to mild warmth, has been shown to be caused by gain-of-function mutations of sodium channel Nav1.7 which is preferentially expressed within dorsal root ganglion
(DRG) and sympathetic ganglion neurons.
Acta Neurologica Scandinavica Published Online: 13 Apr 2009
De-novo psychiatric symptoms may develop within 3 months after a temporal lobectomy for epilepsy. The objective of this study was to identify presurgical risk factors for psychiatric symptoms.
Moyamoya is a rare cerebrovascular disease of unknown etiology. The data on moyamoya disease from Pakistan is sparse. We report a case series of 13 patients who presented with moyamoya disease to a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan with a national referral base.
Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism advance online publication 15 April 2009;
doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.2009.38
Most clinical trials have focused on the presence of perfusion- and diffusion-weighted imaging
(PWI-DWI) mismatch by more than 20%, and different stroke subtypes were lumped together.
Journal of Neurosurgery April 2009 Volume 110, Number 4
Cytogenetic studies of chordomas are scarce and show multiple changes involving different chromosomes. These abnormalities are implicated in the pathogenesis of
chordoma, but the clinical significance of these changes is yet to be determined.
Child's Nervous System 0256-7040 (Print) 10.1007/s00381-009-0872-0
This study aims to investigate whether intracranial arachnoid cysts (AC) compromise neurocognitive function and psychological profiles in pediatric patients, depending on various clinical factors.
Child's Nervous System 0256-7040 (Print) 10.1007/s00381-009-0881-z
Supratentorial ependymomas are rare neoplasms accounting for just ten to 15 new cases in the UK per year. This article discusses the surgical management of these
tumours.
Child's Nervous System 0256-7040 (Print) 10.1007/s00381-009-0885-8
Astroblastoma is an unusual brain tumor in childhood. Tumor usually arises from cerebral hemispheres. This large tumor is well-demarcated,
lobulated, solid or cystic, and therefore, may resemble
glioblastoma.
Child's Nervous System 0256-7040 (Print) 10.1007/s00381-009-0878-7
The imaging features of intracranial and spinal ependymoma are reviewed with an emphasis on conventional magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI), perfusion MRI and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and computed tomography.
Child's Nervous System 0256-7040 (Print) 10.1007/s00381-009-0864-0
The aim of this study was to evaluate the evolution in craniosynostosis in terms of incidence and management in the last 20 years and to discuss the clinical implications and future perspectives with regards to the practical organization of daily practice.
Journal of Neurosurgery April 2009 Volume 110, Number 4
Previous small studies disagree about which clinical risk factors influence ependymoma incidence. The authors analyzed a large, population-based cancer registry to examine the relationship of incidence to patient age, sex, race, and tumor location, and to determine incidence trends over the past 3 decades.
Journal of Neurosurgery April 2009 Volume 110, Number 4
Due to advances in neuroimaging and the increasing use of imaging to screen for brain disease ("brain checkups"), meningiomas are now often detected as an incidental finding.
Journal of Neurosurgery April 2009 Volume 110, Number 4
Few experiences of insular surgery have been reported. Moreover, there are no large surgical studies with long-term follow-up specifically dedicated to WHO Grade II gliomas involving the
insula.
Journal of Neurosurgery April 2009 Volume 110, Number 4
Treatment for insular (paralimbic) gliomas is controversial. In this report the authors summarize their experience with microsurgical resection of insular tumors.
Ischemic stroke is the leading cause of mortality worldwide and a major contributor to neurological disability and dementia. Terutroban is a specific TP receptor antagonist with
antithrombotic, antivasoconstrictive, and antiatherosclerotic properties, which may be of interest for the secondary prevention of ischemic stroke.
Endothelial dysfunction is thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of cerebral small-vessel disease in lacunar stroke patients.
Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics May 2009 Volume 3, Number 5
Given the potential morbidity of cranial irradiation in young children, the risk-benefit analysis of limited surgery plus irradiation versus radical resection may favor the latter strategy.
European Journal of Neurology Published Online: 31 Mar 2009
Mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene are associated with both familial and idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD), whereas mutations in PARK2
(PARKIN) gene result in early onset recessive PD.
Journal of Neuro-Oncology Volume 92, Number 3 / May, 2009 393-400
In this retrospective study, we evaluate the efficacy of surgical resection and I-125 seeds, without upfront whole brain radiotherapy
(WBRT), for newly diagnosed single brain metastasis.
European Journal of Neurology Published Online: 14 Apr 2009
Peritumoral brain edema in glioblastoma patients is a frequently encountered phenomenon that strongly contributes to neurological signs and symptoms. The role of peritumoral edema as a prognostic factor is controversial.
Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology 0344-5704 (Print) 10.1007/s00280-009-0993-x
Fotemustine is a nitrosourea compound used for the treatment of malignant
gliomas, especially in France. Recently, an EORTC-NCIC study has shown that a concomitant combination of radiotherapy plus temozolomide (an oral cytotoxic drug) improved survival in glioblastoma patients.
Acta Neurologica Scandinavica Published Online: 13 Apr 2009
Serum creatinine (SCr) level is the most commonly used screening test for renal function, but its concentration is affected by factors other than glomerular filtration rate
(GFR). We hypothesized that SCr would underestimate the degree of renal failure in ischemic stroke patients.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:562-565
Little is known about the concordance rate in twins for dementia with Lewy bodies
(DLB). The rate of agreement between clinical and pathological diagnoses for DLB is typically low, necessitating confirmation of the diagnosis
neuropathologically.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:571-574
It is unclear whether sensory symptoms in Parkinson disease (PD) are of primary or of secondary origin attributable to motor symptoms such as rigidity and
bradykinesia.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:558-561
Although environmental toxins, including pesticides, are suspected of contributing to the risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
(ALS), no data exist from large prospective investigations.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:575-577
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a neurological inflammatory disease associated with autoimmunity to aquaporin 4, predominantly localised in astrocytic foot processes.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:489-492
To gain an improved understanding of fatigue in Parkinson disease (PD) by exploring possible predictors among a wide range of motor and non-motor aspects of PD.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:528-532
Human casualties from FA or FEA poisoning, accidental or suicidal, have been reported. Survivors of the poisoning are extremely rare. The objective of this study is to present survivors of FEA poisoning.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:533-538
Bitemporal lobe epilepsy is commonly encountered in the evaluation of pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Yet the role of surgery in the management of these patients is unclear.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:484-488
To assess the occurrence of weight gain in patients with Parkinson’s disease, with an average 16 months of follow-up after subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:478-483
In cerebral small vessel disease, white-matter hyperintensities (WMH) and lacunes are both related to cognition. Still, their respective contribution in older people remains unclear.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:539-544
Major depression is common after epilepsy surgery. It has previously been suggested that surgical removal of limbic system structures such as the hippocampus may contribute to this
comorbidity.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:545-550
Chronic communicating hydrocephalus is a common sequela of subarachnoid haemorrhage and develops when the flow and drainage of CSF are impaired after fibrosis in the subarachnoid space.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:506-511
In the general population, folic acid supplementation during pregnancy has been demonstrated to reduce the frequency of neural tube defects
(NTDs) and other major congenital malformations (MCMs).
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:552-557
Most previous studies evaluating the use of methylphenidate following traumatic brain injury (TBI) have been conducted many years post-injury. This study evaluated the efficacy of methylphenidate in facilitating cognitive function in the inpatient rehabilitation phase.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:512-517
Fisher syndrome (FS) is characterised by a triad of ophthalmoplegia, ataxia and
areflexia. The lesion sites responsible for ataxia and ophthalmoplegia in FS require further exploration.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:579-581
A 60-year-old woman presented with a 5-month history of paraesthesias on both feet, progressively extending upwards, bilateral leg weakness and
hypoestesia. Neurological status progressively worsened, leading to
paraparesis.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:550-551
A 33-year-old Afro-American man, born in Surinam, without a previous medical history, presented with a 3 week history of headache, nausea and walking difficulties. Neurological examination showed bradyphrenia and left-sided
hemiparesis.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:492-493
A 59-year-old man developed sudden left hemiparesis and dysarthria 35 min before arrival at the emergency room. He was a current smoker. He had facial palsy, hemiparesis and sensory extinction on the left side. His baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 9.
Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials 2009, 8:11doi:10.1186/1476-0711-8-11
We report on a rare case of pulmonary Nocardiosis and brain abscess caused by Nocardia otitidiscaviarum in an elderly woman with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Irish Journal of Medical Science 0021-1265 (Print) 10.1007/s11845-009-0308-6
Isolated third cranial nerve palsy is usually due to vascular causes like posterior communicating artery aneurysm and it is rare in
neurocysticercosis.
Stroke is a major health burden in China, but there are limited data on its economic effects on households. We aimed to examine the economic impact of stroke and to assess the influence of health insurance.
More than 70% of individuals who have a stroke experience upper limb deficits that impact daily activities. Increased amount of upper limb therapy has positive effects; however, practical and inexpensive methods of therapy are needed to deliver this increase in therapy.
Journal of Neurosurgery April 2009 Volume 110, Number 4
The authors analyzed the tumor capsule and the tumor-nerve interface in vestibular schwannomas
(VSs) to define the ideal cleavage plane for maximal tumor removal with preservation of facial and cochlear nerve functions.
Epileptic Disorders. Volume 11, Number 1, 54-9, March 2009
Limbic encephalitis (LE) is increasingly recognized as a precipitating factor of adult onset temporal lobe epilepsy frequently associated with bilateral hippocampal damage.
Epileptic Disorders. Volume 11, Number 1, 48-53, March 2009
We present the clinical course and EEG evolution of an extreme low birth weight preterm neonate with an uncommon type of glycine encephalopathy. The patient presented with myoclonic jerks, apnea and encephalopathy three months after birth without satisfactory therapeutic response.
Journal of Neurosurgery April 2009 Volume 110, Number 4
Angioleiomyomas are benign neoplasms most often located in the subcutaneous tissue of middle-aged individuals and usually confined to the subcuticular and deep dermal layers of the lower extremities.
Previous studies suggest that dynamic autoregulation in the posterior cerebral artery
(PCA) is less efficient compared to the middle cerebral artery (MCA).
Perfusion-weighted imaging can predict infarct growth in acute stroke and potentially be used to select patients with tissue at risk for reperfusion therapies.
Cortical biopsies of 13 patients with clinical diagnosis of congenital hydrocephalus,
Arnold-Chiari malformation and hydrocephalus, and postmeningitis hydrocephalus were examined by transmission electron microscopy to study the damage of endothelial cells, basement membrane, astrocytic end-feet layer, and perivascular space.
Epileptic Disorders. Volume 11, Number 1, 75-9, March 2009
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a multisystem genetic disorder with variable phenotypic expression, caused by mutations in one of the two tumor suppressor genes, TSC1 or TSC2.
Journal of Neurosurgery April 2009 Volume 110, Number 4
The current state of surgery for vestibular schwannomas (VSs) is the result of a century of step-by-step technical progress by groundbreaking surgeons who transformed the procedure from its hazardous infancy and high mortality rate to its current state of safety and low morbidity rate.
Epileptic Disorders. Volume 11, Number 1, 87-9, March 2009
A patient with kinesigenic focal motor seizures induced by tongue-jaw movement had a grade III astrocytoma clearly co-localizing with the epileptic network in the appropriate
peri-rolandic, motor-sensory, lingual-jaw cortical area.
Epileptic Disorders. Volume 11, Number 1, 90-4, March 2009
Sudden epileptic falls are frequently reported in continuous spike-waves during slow sleep
(CSWS) syndrome. Inhibitory seizures are usually considered as the underlying mechanism. However, published polygraphic recordings are rare.
Epileptic Disorders. Volume 11, Number 1, 67-74, March 2009
Assess quality-of-life after vagal nerve stimulation and determine patient characteristics associated with improvement in quality-of-life. Methods. Sixteen patients (11 children, 5 adults) who had vagal nerve stimulation at our center were studied.
Journal of Neurosurgery April 2009 Volume 110, Number 4
The object of this study was to evaluate the natural history, pattern, and occurrence of tumor growth and its consequences for treatment of small-sized vestibular schwannomas
(VSs).
Epileptic Disorders. Volume 11, Number 1, 82-6, March 2009
Ictal laughter is the cardinal clinical sign of gelastic seizures in hypothalamic hamartomas and may also occur in extrahypothalamic epilepsies. Laughing consists of an affective and a motor component.
Epileptic Disorders. Volume 11, Number 1, 61-6, March 2009
The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of zonisamide
(ZNS) for the treatment of idiopathic generalized epilepsies (IGEs). Methods. Thirteen patients with different types of IGEs who were treated with ZNS between the years 2006 and 2008 were identified.
Gangliogliomas (GGs) and dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors (DNTs) represent the most frequent type of neoplasms in pediatric medically intractable epilepsy. Several data suggest a pathogenetic relationship between GGs and other glioneuronal malformations of cortical development
(MCDs), including activation of the Pi3K-mTOR signaling pathway.
Hypertension Research (2009) 32,
255-260; doi:10.1038/hr.2009.13
Silent cerebral microbleeds (MBs) are a common finding in stroke patients, especially those with intracerebral hemorrhage, and are thought to be a marker of future cerebral hemorrhage.
American Journal of Therapeutics: March/April 2009 - Volume 16 - Issue 2 - pp 164-170
The recognition that stroke and other ischemic events are manifestations of chronic progressive inflammation has had a great impact on the development of prevention strategies.
We report a morality rate of 33% among 403 children with bacterial meningitis in Angola. A fatal outcome was associated with impaired consciousness, severe
dyspnea, and seizures, and severe neurological sequelae (found in 25% of our patients) was associated with delayed presentation to the hospital, impaired consciousness, and seizures.
This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficiency of the endovascular treatment of transverse-sigmoid sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas
(TS_dAVF).
Status epilepticus (SE) is a common and potentially life-threatening neurologic emergency characterized by prolonged seizures that are the result of primary neurologic disease or secondary to critical illness and medical management.
American Journal of Neuroradiology DOI 10.3174/ajnr.A1514
Fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MR imaging of the brain has become a routine tool for assessing lesions in patients with suspected neurologic disorders.
American Journal of Neuroradiology DOI 10.3174/ajnr.A1505
Non-neoplastic, calcified, fibro-osseous lesions known as "calcifying pseudoneoplasms of the
neuraxis" (CAPNON) are rare and can occur anywhere within the
neuraxis.
American Journal of Neuroradiology DOI 10.3174/ajnr.A1593
Our aim was to determine whether the degree of intratumoral susceptibility signal intensity
(ITSS) on high-resolution susceptibility-weighted imaging (HR-SWI) correlates with maximum relative cerebral blood volume
(rCBVmax) and to compare its diagnostic accuracy for glioma grading with that of dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced perfusion MR imaging (DSC).
Magnetic Resonance in Medicine Published Online: 13 Apr 2009
Recent advances in magnet technology have enabled the construction of ultrahigh-field magnets (7T and higher) that can accommodate the human head and body.
Magnetic Resonance in Medicine Published Online: 13 Apr 2009
Fluid-suppressed STARFIRE (Signal Targeting Alternative Radiofrequency and Flow-Independent Relaxation Enhancement) is a noncontrast method for flow-independent MR venography
(MRV).
Journal of Biomedical Science 2009, 16:40doi:10.1186/1423-0127-16-40
Replication of the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) genome depends on host factors for successfully completing their life cycles; to do this, host factors have been recruited and/or relocated to the site of viral replication.
New England Journal of Medicine Volume 360:1597-1605 April 16, 2009 Number 16
Fetal exposure of animals to antiepileptic drugs at doses lower than those required to produce congenital malformations can produce cognitive and behavioral abnormalities, but cognitive effects of fetal exposure of humans to antiepileptic drugs are uncertain.
Acta Neurologica Scandinavica Published Online: 13 Apr 2009
We performed morphological and immunohistochemical characterization of the brain, medulla and tumour of two patients with
PCD, Yo antibodies and ovarian adenocarcinoma.
Astrocytes support neuronal functions by regulating the extracellular ion-homeostasis and levels of neurotransmitters, and by providing fuel such as lactate to the neurons via their astrocytic processes
(APs).
White matter (WM) hyperintensities on MRI or leukoaraiosis is characteristic of stroke syndromes. Increased MRI signals in the anterior temporal pole are suggested to be diagnostic for cerebral
autosomal-dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy
(CADASIL), with 90% sensitivity and 100% specificity.
Although previous studies using mass media have demonstrated successful public stroke awareness campaigns, they may have been too costly for smaller communities to implement.
Although intracranial vascular malformations (IVMs) are the leading cause of intracerebral hemorrhage
(ICH) in young adults, there has not been a cost-of-illness study on an unselected cohort.
High blood pressure (BP) is associated independently with poor outcome after acute ischemic stroke, although in most analyses "baseline" BP was measured 24 hours or more
postictus, and not during the hyperacute period.
Increasing evidence links infections to atherosclerosis. Case-control and cohort studies have found that infections, especially respiratory and dental, are associated with coronary heart disease.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of timing and extent of smoking, type of cigarettes, and concomitant vascular risk factors
(VRFs) on the association between smoking and carotid intima-media thickness
(C-IMT) in a lipid clinic population.
Journal of Neurosurgery April 2009 Volume 110, Number 4
Astrocytoma may progress rapidly or remain stable for many years. To clarify whether molecular characteristics could be prognostic factors, several cell cycling-associated molecular alterations in the diffuse astrocytoma have been investigated.
Epilepsy Research Volume 84, Issue 2, Pages 232-237 (April 2009)
The aim of this study is to evaluate the erythrocyte lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme levels in patients with newly diagnosed idiopathic epilepsy before treatment and in patients treated with valproic acid for idiopathic epilepsy.
Epilepsy Research Volume 84, Issue 2, Pages 224-231 (April 2009)
To compare the relative bioavailability of levetiracetam extended-release tablets
(XR) with immediate release tablets (IR) following single and multiple dosing; to assess the food effect and the dose-proportionality of XR from 1000 to 3000mg.
Epilepsy Research Volume 84, Issue 2, Pages 210-216 (April 2009)
Intracortical disinhibitory mechanisms play a crucial role in epilepsy. Therefore, the recruitment of motor cortical excitability was evaluated to distinct between focal and generalized epileptic syndromes.
Epilepsy Research Volume 84, Issue 2, Pages 201-209 (April 2009)
In order to find an effective treatment option for status epilepticus in progressive myoclonus epilepsy
(PME), we reviewed the clinical course of 9 patients with PME. Initially, epilepsy was successfully treated with
antiepileptics.
Epilepsy Research Volume 84, Issue 2, Pages 194-200 (April 2009)
The aim of the study was to compare subjective complaints of epilepsy patients with objective results of neuropsychological assessment and to investigate the possible influence of depression on self-reported complaints.
Epilepsy Research Volume 84, Issue 2, Pages 187-193 (April 2009)
This study was to explore the relationship between scalp ictal EEG patterns and interictal hypometabolic patterns in hippocampal sclerosis-associated mesial temporal lobe epilepsy
(HS-MTLE) and determine the clinical significance of interictal hypometabolic patterns.
Epilepsy Research Volume 84, Issue 2, Pages 159-171 (April 2009)
Periods in the electroencephalogram (EEG) that immediately precede the onset of spontaneous spike-wave discharges
(SWD) were examined in WAG/Rij rat model of absence epilepsy.
Epilepsy Research Volume 84, Issue 2, Pages 153-158 (April 2009)
Benign childhood epilepsy with centro-temporal spikes (BECCT) is usually associated with anteriorly oriented rolandic discharges. We report an unusual type of childhood-onset epilepsy with sensorimotor seizures associated with posteriorly oriented rolandic discharges.
Epilepsy Research Volume 84, Issue 2, Pages 120-126 (April 2009)
Intranasal therapy has been proposed as an alternative for the management of seizure emergencies. The bioavailability, dose proportionality and tolerability of a supersaturated intranasal formulation of diazepam
(DZP) solubilized in a glycofurol-water cosolvent system was investigated.
Epilepsy Research Volume 84, Issue 2, Pages 110-119 (April 2009)
Cannabinoid system plays a pivotal role in the seizure threshold modulation which is mainly mediated through activation of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor. There is also several evidence of interaction between cannabinoid system and other neurotransmitters including nitric oxide (NO) system.
Epilepsy Research Volume 84, Issue 2, Pages 97-109 (April 2009)
The endogenous catecholamine norepinephrine (NE) exhibits anti-epileptic properties, however it is not well understood which adrenergic receptor (AR) mediates this effect.
Epilepsy Research Volume 84, Issue 2, Pages 91-96 (April 2009)
(1) To measure depressive and dissociative symptoms in a population of patients with Non-Epileptic Seizures
(NES, or pseudo-seizures); (2) To compare NES with Epileptic subjects and Normal controls; (3) To try to define a personality profile specific, or typical, of NES patients.
The Lancet Neurology, Volume 8, Issue 5, Pages 464 - 474, May 2009
Several studies, including work from the Parkinson's disease (PD) non-motor group and others, have established that the non-motor symptoms of PD are common, occur across all stages of PD, are under-reported, and are a key determinant of quality of life.
The Lancet Neurology, Volume 8, Issue 5, Pages 453 - 463, May 2009
Despite the inconsistent or weak association between cholesterol and stroke, lowering of cholesterol concentrations with statins reduces the risk of stroke in high-risk populations and in patients with
non-cardioembolic stroke or transient ischaemic attack.
The Lancet Neurology, Volume 8, Issue 5, Pages 418 - 419, May 2009
In two papers recently published in Science , mutations in the FUS gene, located on chromosome 16q12, are reported to be a cause of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
(ALS).
The Lancet Neurology, Volume 8, Issue 5, Pages 416 - 418, May 2009
More than 200 years ago, several thousand people intermittently immigrated to North America from Switzerland and Germany to found small religious communities. To this day, their descendants, who are now known as Amish-Mennonites, follow their forebears' practice of within-community marriage to preserve their way of life, and their populations have increased to present-day levels of about several hundred thousands.
The Lancet Neurology, Volume 8, Issue 5, Pages 415 - 416, May 2009
Hyperthermia exacerbates ischaemic neuronal injury and is associated with worse outcomes after stroke, including higher mortality, larger infarcts, and worse functional status.
The Lancet Neurology, Volume 8, Issue 5, Pages 414 - 415, May 2009
The International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial (ISAT) has been the most influential randomised trial for the interventional management of ruptured intracranial aneurysms over the past several decades.
The Lancet Neurology, Volume 8, Issue 5, Pages 420 - 421, May 2009
Epilepsy surgery is cost-effective for some patients with epilepsy-but probably only in countries where basic drug treatments are already in place. Jane Qiu charts its different implementation paths in low-income countries and asks how it can be made more accessible and affordable.
The Lancet Neurology, Volume 8, Issue 5, Pages 427 - 433, May 2009
Our aim was to assess the long-term risks of death, disability, and rebleeding in patients randomly assigned to clipping or endovascular coiling after rupture of an intracranial aneurysm in the follow-up of the International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial
(ISAT).
The Lancet Neurology, Volume 8, Issue 5, Pages 447 - 452, May 2009
DYT6 is a primary, early-onset torsion dystonia; however, unlike in DYT1
dystonia, the symptoms of DYT6 dystonia frequently involve the craniocervical region.
Greater loss in structural integrity of the ipsilesional corticospinal tract (CST) is associated with poorer motor outcome in patients with hemiparetic stroke.
Moyamoya is a rare cerebrovascular disease of unknown etiology. The data on moyamoya disease from Pakistan is sparse. We report a case series of 13 patients who presented with moyamoya disease to a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan with a national referral base. Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of thirteen patients who presented to The Aga Khan University and diagnosed with
"Moyamoya Disease" during the period 1988 - 2006.
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