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Brain malperfusion caused by acute type A aortic dissection is a life threatening situation that should be relieved as early as possible with minimal reperfusion injury prior to aortic repair.
Magnetic Resonance in Medicine Published Online: 7 Apr 2009
Cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) is an important marker for brain function and brain health. Existing techniques for quantification of CMRO2 with positron emission tomography (PET) or MRI involve special equipment and/or exogenous agents, and may not be suitable for routine clinical studies.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem, autoimmune connective tissue disorder. Neuropsychiatric SLE
(NPSLE) has varied clinical and radiological manifestations.
To determine whether partial loss of the hippocampal striation (PLHS) at 3.0 T is more accurate than the currently accepted methods of using conventional magnetic resonance
(MR) imaging to detect hippocampal sclerosis in medial temporal lobe epilepsy
(MTLE).
Malignant gliomas, especially glioblastomas, are associated with a dismal prognosis. Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, glioblastoma patients still have a median survival expectancy of only 14 months.
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 16, Number 5, May 2009 , pp. 608-611(4)
The outcome of patients with occlusion by cervical dissection (OCD) is considered to be better than of those with atherosclerotic occlusion
(ATO) of cervical arteries. The present observational retrospective study investigates whether there are also differences in the occurrence of seizures between OCD and ATO patients.
American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias doi:10.1177/1533317509333904
Disease-specific assessments are not currently available for patients with
Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD). This study evaluated the criterion-related validity and test-retest reliability of the
Alzheimer's Disease Assessment scale cognitive subscale
(ADAS-cog) in terms of sensitivity for differentiation between mild and moderate severity impairment in
PDD.
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 16, Number 5, May 2009 , pp. 646-649(4)
No data of randomized controlled trials investigating the effect of thrombolysis in patients with ischemic stroke caused by an extracranial dissection are available. Previous case series suggested that thrombolysis in this group of patients is safe and improves outcome, however publication bias may play a role.
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 16, Number 5, May 2009 , pp. 612-618(7)
Stroke risk factor knowledge and individual risk perception are low in the general public. Our study aimed at identifying the educational effects of a multimedia campaign on stroke knowledge and risk perception in several subgroups at increased risk of stroke.
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 16, Number 5, May 2009 , pp. 624-630(7)
Numerous trials of haemostatic and neuroprotective agents for intracerebral haemorrhage
(ICH) have failed. We characterized the risk of complications after ICH in a trial-eligible patient population, to inform safety in future trials.
Epileptic Disorders. Volume 11, Number 1, 10-9, March 2009
The consequences of febrile seizures (FSs) in infants are still a matter of debate. It is important to develop non-invasive tools to determine markers of brain function that could have predictive value for the outcome of FSs infants.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 16 March 2009. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.156596
The impact of osmotic therapies on brain oxygen has not been extensively studied in humans. We examined the effects on brain tissue oxygen tension (PbtO2) of mannitol and hypertonic saline
(HTS) in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and refractory intracranial hypertension.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Received 1 August 2008; received in revised form 13 November 2008; accepted 9 February 2009. published online 13 April 2009
Perioperative stroke and periventricular leukomalacia have been reported to occur commonly in infants with congenital heart disease. We aimed to determine the incidence and type of brain injury in infants undergoing 2-ventricle repair in infancy and to determine risk factors associated with such injury.
Heart. Published Online First: 24 March 2009. doi:10.1136/hrt.2008.150342
Risk stratification for cardiovascular outcomes is gaining importance in general population. Prognostic value of natriuretic peptides has been established in patients with heart failure. However, the prognostic significance of natriuretic peptides with respect to stroke is not well known in general populations.
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, doi:10.1210/jc.2008-2416
Lower circulating testosterone concentrations are associated with metabolic syndrome, Type 2 diabetes, carotid
intima-media thickness and aortic and lower limb arterial disease in men. However, it is unclear whether lower testosterone levels predict major cardiovascular events.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis First Published on: 10 April 2009
We studied two sisters with rapidly progressing ALS starting at the ages of 46 and 48 years and leading to death after 14 months. Both fulfilled the El Escorial criteria for definite ALS and had marked upper motor neuron
(UMN) predominance.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis First Published on: 10 April 2009
The purpose of this study was to explore cerebral structural and functional changes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
(ALS) patients with or without dysphagia compared with healthy adults.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 24 March 2009. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.163386
Effective treatment for neuralgic amyotrophy (NA), a disabling brachial plexus syndrome of supposed
immuno-mediated origin, is currently lacking. Given the circumstantial evidence of a beneficial effect of prednisolone on pain and paresis, this report evaluates the effects of prednisolone treatment administered in the acute phase in a retrospective case series of 50 NA patients.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 25 March 2009. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.159483
Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) probably result from an immune reaction against antigens shared by the nervous system and tumour cells. To characterize CSF alterations in these syndromes, we studied a large series of paraneoplastic patients.
Ewing's sarcoma involving the sinonasal cavity and anterior skull base is very rare. The purpose of this article is to present our experience with two such cases, which were both treated with combined chemotherapy and proton beam radiation therapy.
The parasphenoidal region is a difficult location to gain access to and contains a lot of vital neurovascular structures that have risk of injury during surgery.
This article evaluates the accessibility of the posterior part of the central skull base via the extended retrosigmoid intradural suprameatal approach.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 13 March 2009. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.164251
We describe an fMRI study in which a post-encephalitic woman with amnesia,
"Mrs B.", used a wearable camera which takes photographs passively, without user intervention, to record and review recent autobiographical events.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 24 March 2009. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.170126
To report new disease components in a unique myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) family previously described by us, in which all affected members also had a sensorimotor neuropathy that co-segregated with markers flanking the DM1 locus.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 29 March 2009. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.148346
Positive effects are reported for memory training for healthy older adults and yet there is limited information about the benefit of cognitive intervention for older adults with increasing memory difficulties - mild cognitive impairment.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 16 March 2009. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.165357
There are currently no data available on drain-associated infection occurrence related to the number of drainage-days, and thus drain-associated infection rates. Therefore, we conducted a prospective surveillance study to determine drain-associated infection rates and drainage-days of hospital-acquired external ventricular drain-
(EVD) and lumbar drain- (LD) associated
meningitis/ventriculitis in a neurosurgery (NSICU) and a neurologic intensive care unit
(NICU).
Journal of Child Neurology 2009, doi:10.1177/0883073809332696
Dysequilibrium syndrome is a genetically heterogeneous condition that combines autosomal recessive, nonprogressive cerebellar ataxia with mental retardation.
Neurologia i Neurochirurgia Polska 2009; 43, 1: 45-51
The main goal of the present study is to examine compensatory parameters of intracranial space in giant hydrocephalus. We also assess the early and late outcome and analyse complications in shunted cases.
Epileptic Disorders. Volume 11, Number 1, 37-41, March 2009
We conducted a computer-assisted polygraphic analysis of drop attacks in a child with atypical benign partial epilepsy
(ABPE) to investigate neurophysiological characteristics. Subject and methods.
Epileptic Disorders. Volume 11, Number 1, 20-36, March 2009
To define the spectrum of the epileptic syndromes and epilepsies (other than the idiopathic epilepsies of childhood with occipital paroxysms) that can be associated with fixation-off sensitivity (FOS), delineate the electrographic types of FOS abnormalities and identify the patterns that can be associated with clinical seizures, and examine whether there may be a pure form of fixation-off sensitive epilepsy.
Epileptic Disorders. Volume 11, Number 1, 42-7, March 2009
The association between major life events and seizure frequency in patients with chronic epilepsy has previously been suggested in the literature. However, significant life events as precipitating factors for the occurrence of the first seizure have been considered but not documented.
Cognitive impairment (CI) and dementia are frequent and debilitating features associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). Formal neuropsychological examination is required to ascertain the degree and pattern of CI over the course of the disease.
Intra-arterial recanalization therapy (IAT) is increasingly used for acute stroke. Despite high rates of
recanalization, the outcome is variable. We attempted to identify predictors of outcome that will enable better patient selection for
IAT.
Reports of ischemic stroke affecting the hippocampus are rare. In this study we used diffusion-weighted MRI
(DWI) to characterize patients with posterior circulation stroke involving the hippocampus.
Journal of Neurosurgery April 2009 Volume 110, Number 4
Microvascular decompression (MVD) is an effective treatment for trigeminal neuralgia (TN). However, many patients do not experience complete pain relief, and relapse can occur even after an initial excellent result. This study was designed to identify characteristics associated with improved long-term outcome after
MVD.
Psychiatric disorders are known to occur frequently in chronic epilepsy. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity and its relationship to regional cerebral dysfunction in patients admitted to a tertiary epilepsy center for epilepsy surgery.
European Journal of NeurologyPublished Online: 2 Apr 2009
Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by alterations of the A-T mutated (ATM) gene. Although A-T is a noncurable disease, we, previously, documented a clear improvement of cerebellar functions during a short-term betamethasone trial. The aim of this study was to define the underlying biochemical mechanism.
European Journal of Neurology Published Online: 3 Apr 2009
Several studies suggested that patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) showed a too low body weight when compared with age-matched, healthy subjects. We aimed to investigate whether PD patients with dyskinesias display body weight alterations and to observe any correlations between medication and other putative determinants.
European Journal of Neurology Published Online: 31 Mar 2009
With magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis, we investigated the prevalence, clinical significance, and factors related to the presence of unrecognized cerebral infarcts in patients with first-ever ischaemic stroke.
Spinal Cord advance online publication 23 December 2008;
doi: 10.1038/sc.2008.159
Short-term results find transanal colonic irrigation (TAI) favourable in the treatment of neurogenic bowel dysfunction (NBD). Therefore, long-term results need to be described.
Spinal Cord advance online publication 14 April 2009; doi: 10.1038/sc.2009.36
To determine the proportion of patients with non-traumatic spinal cord injury (NTSCI) who regain the ability to walk and to describe walking outcomes with reference to three commonly used clinical measures of walking capacity.
Spinal Cord advance online publication 3 March 2009; doi: 10.1038/sc.2009.10
Additional examination. In this study, we report changes in bladder function after a combined treatment that was designed to study axonal regeneration after complete spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats.
Spinal Cord advance online publication 17 February 2009;
doi: 10.1038/sc.2009.1
The objective of this study was to develop a method and test a concept device that could protect against both spinal cord (SCI) and brain injuries (BI).
Spinal Cord advance online publication 3 March 2009; doi: 10.1038/sc.2009.16
To assess the risk factors associated with hospitalization and the relationship of individual health behaviors with hospitalizations after spinal cord injury (SCI).
Spinal Cord advance online publication 9 December 2008; doi: 10.1038/sc.2008.153
To study the manifestation of spasticity in daily life of the patients with spinal cord injury, their perception of spasticity and spasticity-related discomfort.
Spinal Cord advance online publication 17 February 2009;
doi: 10.1038/sc.2009.8
We have encountered several cases of complete sensorimotor paralysis in which patellar tendon reflex
(PTR) was demonstrated approximately 3 days after injury and improvement of motor paralysis was subsequently achieved.
Spinal Cord advance online publication 23 December 2008;
doi: 10.1038/sc.2008.165
Although muscarinic receptors are the main targets for the treatment of detrusor overactivity today, anticholinergic therapy is not satisfying in a substantial percentage of patients.
Spinal Cord advance online publication 16 December 2008; doi: 10.1038/sc.2008.156
Retrospective study based on a revision of the clinical histories of all patients carrying an intrathecal baclofen
(ITB) infusion system between July 1988 and March 2007 in a neurorehabilitation hospital.
Spinal Cord advance online publication 17 February 2009; doi: 10.1038/sc.2008.164
With the intention to ameliorate the clinical condition of patients with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI), a program that combines three cell therapies and an appropriate neurorehabilitation program were used to recreate and enhance the natural conditions of SCI repair.
Spinal Cord advance online publication 24 February 2009;
doi: 10.1038/sc.2009.2
Health-care-associated (HCA) bloodstream infection (BSI) has been shown to be a distinct epidemiologic category in the general adult population, but few studies have examined specific patient populations.
Spinal Cord advance online publication 23 December 2008; doi: 10.1038/sc.2008.162
To determine the relationship between improvements of the American Spinal Injury Association/International Spinal Cord Society
(ASIA/ISCoS) neurological standard scale (AIS) outcome measure and improvements of functional ambulatory outcome measures in patients with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI).
Spinal Cord advance online publication 9 December 2008; doi: 10.1038/sc.2008.155
Some studies have made use of the antioxidative capabilities of high doses of vitamins C and E with the aim of neutralizing the noxious effects of free radicals following spinal cord lesion.
Spinal Cord advance online publication 23 December 2008; doi: 10.1038/sc.2008.160
To examine patterns of participation in activities of daily living (ADL) and fitness-related factors associated with these patterns among individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI).
In acute stroke trials, functional outcome may be analyzed by dichotomizing ordinal outcome scales or by evaluating the entire scale range (shift analysis). The conditions under which shift or binary analysis will be more efficient have not been previously well delineated.
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society (2009), 15 : 205-216
We sought to identify whether deficits in selective attention are present in pediatric brain tumor patients. Selective attention was assessed with covert-orienting, filtering, and visual-search tasks in 54 patients with either (1) posterior fossa (PF) tumors treated with cranial radiation and surgery (n = 22); (2) PF tumors treated with surgery alone (n = 17); or (3) non-CNS tumors (n = 15), who served as a patient control group.
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society (2009), 15 : 217-224
Epidemiological studies suggest that the Hispanic population is at increased risk for neurological disorders. Yet, few assessment measures have been developed for, adapted to, or normalized with Spanish-speakers.
Cerebral microbleeds are hemosiderin deposits in the brain that are indicative of
microangiopathy. Microbleeds in strictly lobar brain locations have been related to cerebral amyloid
angiopathy, a bleeding-prone disease state.
To study whether clinical characteristics can differentiate sporadic presentations of hereditary spastic paraparesis
(HSP) from primary lateral sclerosis (PLS). Differentiation between these diseases is important for genetic counseling and prognostication.
In women younger than 45 years, a new form of encephalitis associated with ovarian teratoma and presenting with seizures and psychiatric symptoms has been described. Most patients have antibodies to NR1/NR2 heteromers of the
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR).
Pallidal deep brain stimulation (DBS) is the best therapeutic option for patients with disabling primary generalized dystonia
(PGD) that is refractory to medications. However, little is known about its long-term effects.
To investigate the temporal trend of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) incidence in Sweden between January 1, 1991, and December 31, 2005, and to explore incidence variations according to major demographic factors.
Recent studies of the problem of ictogenesis, or the ways that seizures develop in an already hyperexcitable brain, are leading to paradigm-shifting concepts that may lead to exciting new therapies for seizures.
The progression from proteolysis of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) to the formation of aggregated
amyloid-{beta} peptide (A{beta}) deposits forms the basis of the amyloid hypothesis for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease.
Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) has detected differences between brains of groups of patients with epilepsy and controls, but the sensitivity for detecting subtle pathological changes in single subjects has not been established.
Although non-invasive techniques provide functional activation maps at ever-growing
spatio-temporal precision, invasive recordings offer a unique opportunity for direct investigations of the fine-scale properties of neural mechanisms in focal neuronal populations.
Recent studies on spontaneous fluctuations in the functional MRI blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal in awake healthy subjects showed the presence of coherent fluctuations among functionally defined neuroanatomical networks.
American Journal of Epidemiology, doi:10.1093/aje/kwp056
Rotating night shift work disrupts circadian rhythms and is associated with coronary heart disease. The relation between rotating night shift work and ischemic stroke is unclear.
Journal of Pediatric Psychology, doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsn081
To describe feasibility and satisfaction findings from an innovative online family problem-solving intervention for adolescents with traumatic brain injury (TBI).
In addition to levodopa treatment and disease duration, genetic predisposition might contribute to the development of medication-related complications in Parkinson's disease (PD).
We present results of mutation screening of exons 31, 34, 35, 41, and 48 of LRRK2 in 205 Iranian Parkinson's disease patients. Sixteen percent of the cases were familial. Although age was not a factor in patient recruitment, the Iranian cohort was relatively young (average age at onset of disease: 48.9 years).
In this report the epidemiologic aspects of epilepsy in Arab countries are systematically reviewed. MEDLINE and Embase were searched, and six papers were identified: one incidence report from Qatar and five prevalence reports (two from Sudan, and one from each of Libya, Tunisia, and Saudi Arabia).
Vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) are responsible for loading synaptic vesicles with glutamate, determining the phenotype of glutamatergic neurons, and have been implicated in the regulation of quantal size and presynaptic plasticity.
Pathological gambling (PG) has been identified in Parkinson's disease (PD), but such gambling behaviors may also occur in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
(ALS).
Journal of Child Neurology 2009, doi:10.1177/0883073808329527
The goal of this review is to discuss the comorbidities reported in specific epilepsy syndromes to examine possible underlying causes or associations and to present data on current therapies for these conditions.
Journal of Child Neurology 2009, doi:10.1177/0883073809333539
Craniocervical arterial dissection is a frequent cause of childhood arterial ischemic stroke requiring prompt diagnosis and treatment. However, there is no universal guideline for diagnostic cerebrovascular imaging in children.
Dementia is a frequent non-motor feature of Parkinson's disease (PD). Elevated plasma homocysteine
(Hcy) levels have been associated with both cognitive impairment and dementia.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 29 March 2009. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.169102
Treatment at stroke units is superior to treatment at other types of wards. The objective of the present study is to determine the effect size of stroke unit care in subgroups of stroke patients. This information might be useful in a formal priority setting.
To report a novel treatment approach, pallidotomy and deep brain stimulation (DBS), in two sisters with dystonic storm due to Batten's disease. This study is based on long-term follow-up of two sisters, presenting with dystonic storm and their response to pallidotomy and DBS.
Olfactory deficits and executive dysfunction are early and common symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). Previous studies have shown that hyposmia can be a first sign of PD.
To identify patterns of motor disturbances in Parkinson's disease (PD) and evaluate their relation with other PD domains. A cohort of 399 PD patients was randomly divided into two samples.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 29 March 2009. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.166413
Early diagnosis and management of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulae
(DAVF) may prevent the occurrence of stroke. This study aimed to identify the best carotid duplex sonography (CDS) parameters for screening
DAVF.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 25 March 2009. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.164145
The aim of this study was to evaluate the short and long-term seizure outcome and to find predictors of outcome after epilepsy surgery in lesional posterior cortical epilepsies
(PCEs).
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Published Online First: 29 March 2009. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.171496
Brain amyloid imaging using positron emission tomography (PET) is of increasing importance in the pre-mortem evaluation of dementias, particularly in relation to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The purpose of this study was to explore the pre-mortem diagnostic utility of 11C-PiB PET in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
(CJD).
Simultaneous electroencephalogram and functional magnetic resonance imaging
(EEG-fMRI) in patients with focal epilepsy and unilateral spikes often shows positive blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) responses (activations), not only ipsilateral but also contralateral to the spikes.
In this commentary we discuss the basic concept of an epileptogenicity level, which is variable in different brain regions and is a function of multiple factors including the basic epileptogenicity level, routine environmental or internal stimuli, and various triggering and causative factors.
The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) Subcommittee for Pediatric Neuroimaging examined the usefulness of, and indications for, neuroimaging in the evaluation of children with newly diagnosed epilepsy.
To determine the long-term efficacy of anterior temporal lobectomy for medically refractory temporal lobe epilepsy in patients with nonlesional magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI).
Ischemic penumbra was first defined by Astrup in 1981 as perfused brain tissue at a level within the thresholds of functional impairment and morphological integrity, which has the capacity to recover if perfusion is improved.
Epileptic Disorders. Volume 11, Number 1, 1-9, March 2009
Anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) continue to be the mainstay of epilepsy treatment, but the benefits of seizure control need to be weighed carefully against possible adverse effects, which can include behavioral problems and psychiatric disorders. In this paper, the associations between AEDs and psychosis, depression and behavioral changes are reviewed.
The dentate gyrus (DG), a hippocampal subregion, continuously produces new neurons in the adult mammalian brain that become functionally integrated into existing neural circuits.
Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care. 66(4) Supplement:S178-S185, April 2009
There is a heightened focus on postexplosion functional outcomes in combat casualties. Previously, we reported a high prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder
(PTSD) (32%) and mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) (41%) in patients with explosion-related burns. We hypothesized that the prevalence of PTSD in patients with burn was associated with primary blast injuries
(PBIs) and mTBI.
Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care. 66(4) Supplement:S86-S92, April 2009
Combat casualties with traumatic amputations (TA) and requiring laparotomy present unique clinical challenges. The purpose of this study was to determine the association of TA on blood/blood product usage, emergency department (ED) and operating room (OR) times, and mortality in those undergoing exploratory laparotomy after combat injury.
Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care. 66(4) Supplement:S93-S98, April 2009
Despite modern advances, amputation is still a commonly performed operation in war. It is often difficult to decide whether to amputate after high-energy trauma to the lower extremity.
Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care. 66(4) Supplement:S104-S111, April 2009
During the past 5 years of Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF), a significant majority of the severe closed and penetrating head trauma has presented for definitive care at the National Naval Medical Center
(NNMC) in Bethesda, MD, and at the Walter Reed Army Medical Center
(WRAMC) in Washington, DC. The purpose of this article is to review our experience with this population of patients.
Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care. 66(4):1212-1217, April 2009
The information about the long-term mortality and causes of death after multiple injuries is sparse. In general, most follow-up studies report on 1 year to 3 years maximum follow up.
Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care. 66(4):1226-1233, April 2009
To examine the relationship between delusional memories from the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay, health related quality of life
(HRQoL), anxiety, and symptoms of depression in patients with physical trauma, 6 months to 18 months after their ICU stay.
Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care. 66(4):1019-1029, April 2009
Short distance falls are a common false history provided in cases of child abuse. Falls are also a common occurrence in ambulating young children. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk of head injury in short distance feet-first free falls for a 12-month-old child.
Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care. 66(4):1015-1018, April 2009
Recent publications have dismissed the need for routine repeat computed tomography (CT) scans in patients with minimal brain injury
(MBI) (Glasgow Coma Scale score 13-15 with positive initial CT) unless physical examination changes.
Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care. 66(4):1008-1014, April 2009
Computed tomography (CT) is routinely performed in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI) is considered more sensitive than CT for subtle abnormalities.
International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, Volume 11, Issue 3 June 2009 , pages 206 - 219
Speech-language pathologists working in hospitals have limited opportunities to identify patients with newly acquired communication related impairments and to support patients with communication related impairments to communicate their healthcare needs.
International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, Volume 11, Issue 3 June 2009 , pages 180 - 190
Government policies in developed countries have emphasized the importance of community inclusion to improve the health and wellbeing of citizens. In order to achieve this, a reorientation of human services to include all people with disabilities has commenced with specialist disability services providing only limited supports.
We present a review of dynamic causal modeling (DCM) for magneto- and electroencephalography (M/EEG) data. DCM is based on a spatiotemporal model, where the temporal component is formulated in terms of neurobiologically plausible dynamics.
Hot cross bun sign refers to the cruciform-shaped hyperintensity on T2W axial magnetic resonance images
(MRI) in multisystem atrophy due to the selective loss of myelinated transverse pontocerebellar fibers and neurons in the pontine raphe and sparing of the pontine tegmentum and corticospinal tracts.
Intra-axial dermoid cysts are rare intracranial lesions, more so in the pediatric age group. Dermoid cysts account for about 0.2 to1.8% of all intracranial tumors and are commonly located in the cisternal spaces, mainly in the cerebellopontine angle and parasellar cisterns.
Thrombolytic stroke therapy is based on the "re-canalization hypothesis," i.e., that reopening of occluded vessels improves clinical outcome in acute ischemic stroke through regional reperfusion and salvage of threatened tissues.
Frontotemporal dementia is an important neurodegenerative disorder accounting for a significant proportion of dementia cases with onset before 60 years of age.
During embryogenesis, anastomoses are formed between the carotid artery and the basilar or the vertebral artery, which regress with maturity of the vertebral artery.
A two-year-old baby was referred to pediatric clinic for decreased appetite, pharyngeal congestion and lethargy. The pediatrician made a diagnosis of
pharyngitis.
This review traces the evolution of epilepsy surgery in India from the beginning to the present state. During the last one and half decades, surgical treatment of epilepsies has made resurgence in this country and at present a few centers have very active and sustained epilepsy surgery programs.
A 26 year old lady presented with headache, generalized tonic-clonic seizures, right hemiparesis and altered mental status of one day duration. Ten days earlier, she had delivered a live term baby girl by normal vaginal delivery.
We report a 57-year-old man who presented one month after sustaining a traumatic right temporal intracerebral hematoma with history of headache, left hemiparesis and altered sensorium of two days duration.
Blister aneurysms (BA) are rare lesions characterized by a hemispherical shape and fragile walls. Several reports have described BA as aneurysms arising from non-branching sites from the dorsomedial wall of the internal carotid artery (ICA).
To determine whether there are objective and/or subjective differences in facial function, tongue function and quality of life in patients who have undergone 1) direct facial-to-facial (Primary, 4 patients), 2) direct facial-to-hypoglossal (End-to-End, 7 patients), 3) end-to-side facial-to-hypoglossal nerve anastomoses with sural nerve/greater auricular nerve interposition (End-to-Side with Interposition Graft, 7 patients), and 4) end-to-side facial-to-hypoglossal nerve anastomoses (End-to-Side, 7 patients) after acoustic neuroma excision.
The purpose of this article is to provide paediatric rehabilitation providers with a review of self-report physical function outcome measures that have been used for children with spinal cord injury (SCI).
NeuroRehabilitation Volume 24, Number 2 / 2009 175-183
Following brain injury there is often a prolonged period of deteriorating psychological condition, despite neurological stability or improvement. This is presumably consequent to the remission of anosognosia and the realisation of permanently worsened status.
Cerebral larva migrans (CLM) is an uncommon and rarely diagnosed entity. We report here a histopathologically proven case of CLM in a 13 year-old girl, who presented with bilateral focal seizures, right
hemiparesis, and lapsed into altered sensorium prior to admission.
We developed a cochlear nerve action potential (CNAP) monitoring technique using a microdissector and compared the results of CNAP and auditory brainstem response
(ABR) monitoring.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis First Published on: 07 April 2009
We describe a large family with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) caused by an I113T mutation in superoxide dismuatse type 1 (SOD1). The proband developed symptoms typical for ALS at age 39 years and is still walking five years later.
The VP Shunt is a common pediatric surgical procedure in our country. Hydrocephalus is commonly associated with meningomyelocele in Arnold Chiari malformation-II and the ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion is the common surgical procedure for the management of hydrocephalus.
NeuroRehabilitation Volume 24, Number 2 / 2009 185-192
To examine the validity of the Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ) in measuring community integration in persons with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) through its comparison with the Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique Short Form (CHART-SF).
Holoprosencephaly is usually associated with microcephaly, although macrocephaly is not uncommonly seen. However, the cause of hydrocephalus in holoprosencephaly remains ill-defined.
Journal of Neuro-Oncology 0167-594X (Print) 10.1007/s11060-009-9874-8
We analysed our long-term results after fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy
(FSRT) in patients with primary optic nerve sheath (pONSM)
meningioma, as a rare subtype of meningiomas.
Journal of Neuro-Oncology 0167-594X (Print) 10.1007/s11060-009-9815-6
Not all Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM, grade IV WHO) manifest the same clinical course. Different prognostic classes may arise from different morphologic and genetic profiles.
Early after acute ischaemic stroke, elevation of brain temperature might augment tissue metabolic rate and conversion of ischaemic but viable tissue to infarction.
Brain abscess is commonly treated using empirically prescribed antibiotics. Thus, a comprehensive study of bacterial organisms associated with brain abscess is essential to define the best empirical treatment for this life-threatening condition.
Journal of Clinical Ultrasound Published Online: 7 Apr 2009
A 31-year-old pregnant woman was referred for isolated mild ventriculomegaly and failure to visualize the left lateral ventricle's anterior horn on second trimester sonography (US). Three-dimensional US suspected a frontal lesion deviating the midline.
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 16, Number 5, May 2009 , pp. 562-568(7)
To report the predictive validity of the perceived limitations in activities and need questionnaire (PLAN-Q), a screening instrument to support neurologists to select patients with neuromuscular disorders
(NMD) for referral for a one-off consultation by occupational therapist (OT), physical therapist (PT) and speech therapist (ST).
NeuroRehabilitation Volume 24, Number 2 / 2009 159-164
Diffusion tensor image tractography (DTT) can visualize white matter tracts and provide a powerful vehicle with which to investigate the neural pathway at the subcortical level.
European Journal of Neurology, Volume 16, Number 5, May 2009 , pp. 576-581(6)
It is frequently thought that cerebral white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) on T-2 weighted MRI scans are increased in patients with autoimmune diseases.
Exercise improves cognition and lessens the risk of death in older adults. Cognition and mortality are each also affected by biological sex, which might modify the effect of exercise.
American Journal of Neuroradiology DOI 10.3174/ajnr.A1547
Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) hyperintensity is hypothesized to represent irreversibly infracted tissue (ischemic core) in the setting of acute stroke.
American Journal of Neuroradiology DOI 10.3174/ajnr.A1587
Our aim was to characterize the clinical, imaging, treatment, and outcome data of patients younger than 19 years diagnosed with intracranial aneurysms at a tertiary care institution.
American Journal of Neuroradiology DOI 10.3174/ajnr.A1537
During the hyperacute phase of stroke, multiple hypointense vessels were identified specifically in the ischemic territory on gradient-echo T2*-weighted MR images (GRE-T2* WI) at 3T.
TDP-43 (TAR-DNA binding protein) aggregates in neuronal inclusions in motoneuron disease
(MND), as well as in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and FTLD associated with MND
(FTLD-MND). Mutations in TARDBP gene, coding for TDP-43, were found in patients with pure
MND.
Essential tremor (ET) has traditionally been viewed as monosymptomatic. However, there is an emerging appreciation of an expanded number of motor manifestations as well as a new awareness of nonmotor manifestations.
Nutritional Neuroscience, Volume 12, Number 3, June 2009 , pp. 123-134(12)
The endogenous steroid estrogen has been shown to affect neuronal growth, differentiation and survival, while isoflavones also have a neuroprotective effect on human cortical neurons.
Nutritional Neuroscience, Volume 12, Number 3, June 2009 , pp. 105-113(9)
Astrocyte swelling is a major component of cytotoxic brain edema in ischemia. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction have been hypothesized to contribute to such swelling in cultures.
NeuroRehabilitation Volume 24, Number 2 / 2009 131-144
The purpose of this study was to: (1) define perceptual speech characteristics of idiopathic Parkinson disease
(IPD) across 35 speech dimensions adapted from Darley et al. [19] and grouped under six speech-sign clusters (respiration, phonation, resonance, articulation, prosody and rate); (2) examine the effects of levodopa on the 35 perceptual speech dimensions and speech-sign clusters; and (3) to compare the relative effectiveness of levodopa on global motor functioning vs. speech production.
We describe members of 4 kindreds with a previously unrecognized syndrome characterized by seizures, sensorineural deafness, ataxia, mental retardation, and electrolyte imbalance
(hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, and hypomagnesemia).
Social isolation has dramatic long-term physiological and psychological consequences; however, the mechanisms by which social isolation influences disease outcome are largely unknown.
Acta Radiologica First Published on: 31 March 2009
In vitro studies have shown that the 3-Tesla (T) magnetic resonance (MR) characteristics of high- and standard-molar gadolinium-based contrast agents differ. Such differences may indicate that high-molar (1.0 M) agents offer advantages for perfusion-weighted imaging
(PWI) at 3T, as has been previously reported at 1.5T.
Journal de Pharmacie Clinique. Volume 28, Number 1, 13-20
About 30% of epileptic patients present with refractory epilepsy. In 80% of the case, surgical resection is not indicated. Vagus Nerve Stimulation
(VNS) therapy seems to be an alternative for these patients. The generator which delivers electrical impulse was implanted under the skin in the upper chest and was connected with wires which were attached around the left vagus nerve.
European Journal of Pediatrics 0340-6199 (Print) 10.1007/s00431-009-0974-4
A 16-year-old boy presented with tonic-clonic seizure after he woke up early in the morning. He had experienced 5-6 episodes of syncope, fatigue, weakness and somnolence one year before admission.
Molecular Pharmacology Fast Forward First published on February 2, 2009;
DOI: 10.1124/mol.108.052357
The mood stabilizing effects of lithium are well documented, although its mechanism of action remains unknown. Increases in gray matter volume detected in bipolar patients treated with lithium suggest that changes in the number of synapses might underlie its therapeutic effects.
Journal of Pediatric Psychology, doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsp018
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and preliminary outcomes of a social skills group intervention program for child brain tumor survivors.
Accumulating evidence suggests that inflammation plays an important role in the development of acute cerebrovascular disease. The aim of this study is to evaluate the predictive value of a series of candidate serum
immuno-inflammatory and thrombotic/fibrinolitic molecules towards diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke.
Tooth loss has been suggested as a potential risk factor for stroke. We conducted a prospective cohort study of stroke in Korea on hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and tooth loss to characterize their independent effects and interactions.
This case report describes the feasibility and efficacy of the use of constraint-induced movement therapy
(CIMT) in 4 individuals (aged 12-22 years) who underwent cerebral hemispherectomy (age at time of surgery=4-10 years).
Sleep following motor skill practice has repeatedly been demonstrated to enhance motor skill learning off-line (continued overnight improvements in motor skill that are not associated with additional physical practice) for young people who are healthy.
We found previously that increased levels of polyamine oxidase (PAO)
[acetylpolyamine oxidase (AcPAO) plus spermine oxidase (SMO)], and acrolein (CH2CHCHO) are good markers of stroke.
Natural antibodies specific for phosphorylcholine (anti-PC) have been implicated as protective factors in atherosclerosis. We herein determined the relationship between IgM anti-PC and incidence of cardiovascular disease
(CVD).
This article introduces a new framework for therapists to develop an exercise program to delay mobility disability in people with Parkinson disease (PD). Mobility, or the ability to efficiently navigate and function in a variety of environments, requires balance, agility, and flexibility, all of which are affected by PD.
European Journal of Neuroscience Volume 29 Issue 7, Pages 1311 - 1322
In this study, we determined when and through which promoter brain-derived neurotrophic factor
(BDNF) transcription is regulated during the protracted period of human frontal cortex development. Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, we examined the expression of the four most abundant alternative 5' exons of the BDNF gene
(exons I, II, IV, and VI) in RNA extracted from the prefrontal cortex.
A high percentage of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) are refractory to conventional pharmacotherapy. The progressive neurodegenerative processes associated with a lifetime of uncontrolled seizures mandate the development of alternative approaches to treat this disease.
Adenosine is a modulator of neuronal activity with anticonvulsant and neuroprotective properties. Conversely, focal deficiency in adenosine contributes to
ictogenesis. Thus, focal reconstitution of adenosine within an epileptogenic brain region constitutes a rational therapeutic approach, whereas systemic augmentation of adenosine is precluded by side effects.
Journal of Intensive Care Medicine 2009, doi:10.1177/0885066609332808
Decompressive surgery has since long been a promising therapeutic approach for patients with acute severe brain injury at risk to develop severe brain edema.
Neurocritical Care 1541-6933 (Print) 10.1007/s12028-009-9213-0
Hyperthermia following a severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common, potentiates secondary injury, and worsens neurological outcome. Conventional fever treatment is often ineffective.
Neurosurgical Focus April 2009 Volume 26, Number 4
The Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan has defined 4 types of moyamoya disease
(MMD): ischemic, hemorrhagic, epileptic, and 'other.' The ischemic type has been shown to predominate in childhood, while the hemorrhagic type is more often observed in the adult population. The highest prevalence of MMD is found in Japan, with a higher female to male ratio.
Neurosurgical Focus April 2009 Volume 26, Number 4
The etiology and pathogenesis of moyamoya disease remain unclear. Evidence from histological studies, proteomics, and endothelial progenitor cell analyses suggests new theories underlying the cause of vascular anomalies, including moyamoya disease.
Neurosurgical Focus April 2009 Volume 26, Number 4
The aim of this review was to evaluate the imaging tools used in diagnosis and perioperative assessment of moyamoya disease, with particular attention to the last decade.
European Journal of Neuroscience Volume 29 Issue 7, Pages 1501 - 1513
Traditionally, it has been assumed that the medial temporal lobe (MTL) is indispensable for long-term memory
(LTM) encoding, but only plays a minor role for working memory (WM) maintenance.
European Journal of Neuroscience Volume 29 Issue 7, Pages 1422 - 1430
Freezing of gait (FOG) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common problem of unknown origin, which possibly reflects a general motor control deficit. We investigated the relationship between the frequency of freezing episodes during gait and during a bimanual task in control and subjects with PD with and without FOG.
Heart failure (HF) is accompanied by autonomic, emotional, and cognitive deficits, indicating brain alterations. Reduced gray matter volume and isolated white matter infarcts occur in
HF, but the extent of damage is unclear.
Pediatric Blood & Cancer Published Online: 26 Mar 2009
Adults and children with recurrent malignant central nervous system (CNS) tumors have a poor prognosis despite high dose chemotherapy with a conventional stem cell rescue regimen.
Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 2009 24(1):11-19
Boxing has held appeal for many athletes and audiences for centuries, and injuries have been part of boxing since its inception. Although permanent and irreversible neurologic dysfunction does not occur in the majority of participants, an association has been reported between the number of bouts fought and the development of
neurologic, psychiatric, or histopathological signs and symptoms of encephalopathy in boxers.
Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene are the most common genetic determinant of Parkinson's disease (PD) in European-derived populations, but far less is known about LRRK2 mutations and susceptibility alleles in Asians.
Cephalalgia, Volume 29, Number 5, May 2009 , pp. 580-582(3)
The digiti quinti sign (DQS) was described as an indication of mild hemiparesis. It consists of a wider space between the fourth and fifth fingers at the affected side when the patient extends both arms horizontally to the front with the palms down.
Brain stem lesions are pathologically heterogeneous. Pre-operative radiological diagnoses prove to be wrong in 10 to 20% of cases. It is therefore imperative to have a tissue diagnosis for appropriate therapeutic measures.
Neurosurgical Focus April 2009 Volume 26, Number 4
The authors describe an ongoing, prospective observational study designed to test the hypothesis that increased oxygen extraction in the cerebral hemisphere beyond the occlusive lesion is a predictor of subsequent risk of ipsilateral stroke in medically treated patients with moyamoya phenomenon.
Neurosurgical Focus April 2009 Volume 26, Number 4
Moyamoya disease is a chronic cerebrovascular occlusive disorder that results in severe morbidity and death. There is much controversy surrounding the optimal treatment for adult patients with the disorder.
Choroid plexus papilloma (CPP) is a benign neoplasm that arises from the ventricular choroid plexus. The clinical features, radiological characteristics, and treatment have been discussed in this study for a pediatric population.
Perimenstrual catamenial epilepsy, the cyclical occurrence of seizure exacerbations near the time of menstruation, affects a high proportion of women of reproductive age with drug-refractory epilepsy.
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH; Protirelin), an endogenous
neuropeptide, is known to have anticonvulsant effects in animal seizure models and certain intractable epileptic patients.
The use of dietary treatments for epilepsy (ketogenic, modified Atkins, and low glycemic index diets) has been in continuous use since 1921. These treatments have been well studied in the short term, with approximately half of children having at least a 50% reduction in seizures after 6 months.
The ketogenic diet is a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet used to treat drug-resistant seizures, especially in children. A number of possible mechanisms of action have been proposed to explain the anticonvulsant effects of the diet.
Neurosurgery: April 2009 - Volume 64 - Issue 4 - p 705-718
To verify the values and the time course of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the cortex located beneath an evacuated acute subdural hematoma
(SDH) and their relationship with neurological outcome.
Neurosurgery: April 2009 - Volume 64 - Issue 4 - p 698-704
To investigate relations between predictors and outcomes, and especially to identify predictors influencing the time trend in recovery after mild traumatic brain injury.
Neurosurgery: April 2009 - Volume 64 - Issue 4 - p 677-689
The traditional boundaries of the transsphenoidal approach can be expanded to include the region from the cribriform plate of the anterior cranial fossa to the foramen magnum in the anteroposterior plane.
Neurosurgery: April 2009 - Volume 64 - Issue 4 - p 654-663
To conduct a prospective, open, nonrandomized study of treatment-associated morbidity in patients undergoing microsurgery or gamma knife radiosurgery
(GKRS) for vestibular schwannomas.
Neurosurgery: April 2009 - Volume 64 - Issue 4 - p 644-653
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is used to assess language laterality in preoperative brain tumor patients. In postsurgical patients, susceptibility artifacts can potentially alter ipsilateral fMRI activation volumes and the assessment of language laterality.
Neurosurgery: April 2009 - Volume 64 - Issue 4 - p 632-643
The Pipeline embolization device (PED) (Chestnut Medical Technologies, Inc., Menlo Park, CA) is a new
microcatheter-delivered endovascular construct designed to achieve the curative reconstruction of the parent arteries giving rise to wide-necked and fusiform intracranial aneurysms.
Neurosurgery: April 2009 - Volume 64 - Issue 4 - p 602-613
Parkinson's disease is characterized by profound motor deficits that result mainly as a consequence of degeneration of midbrain dopaminergic neurons. No current therapy slows or halts disease progression.
Neurosurgery: April 2009 - Volume 64 - Issue 4 - p 581-601
BEFORE THE 1960s, adult mammalian neurogenesis was conceptually unimaginable. Despite 45 years of observations supporting this revolutionary phenomenon, many scientists rejected this notion until irrefutable evidence provided at the end of the 20th century established that lifelong neuronal generation occurs in the adult mammalian brain.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 280, Issue 1, Pages 118-119 (15 May 2009)
Gaze-evoked nystagmus is caused by a 'leaky' neural integrator, which fails to maintain eccentric gaze positions after centrifugal eye movements. It is usually observed as the result of toxic, metabolic or paraneoplastic disorders, rather than single structural lesions.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 280, Issue 1, Pages 87-89 (15 May 2009)
The relationship between antithrombotic therapy and the anatomical location of acute brain hematoma remains disputed. The current study was therefore designed to address this issue.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 280, Issue 1, Pages 65-70 (15 May 2009)
From March to October 2006, 14 consecutive patients with PICA territory cerebellar infarctions (brainstem spared) diagnosed by brain MRI from the acute stroke registry at the Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center were enrolled within 12 days of onset (mean 4.0 days).
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 280, Issue 1, Pages 29-34 (15 May 2009)
Hemicrania continua (HC) is an indomethacin responsive primary headache disorder. Secondary or symptomatic HC is associated with another neurological or non-neurological disease.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 280, Issue 1, Pages 10-14 (15 May 2009)
We report a patient with typical features of episodic ataxia type 2 (EA2) but with onset in the sixth decade and associated interictal hand
dystonia. He was found to bear the novel heterozygous missense mutation p.Gly638Asp (c.1913G>A) in the CACNA1A gene.
Naturally occurring autoantibodies are molecules that are part of the normal immunoglobulin repertoire. This review focuses on three distinct groups of human monoclonal antibodies
(mAb).
Bevacizumab has been shown to be effective in the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma in combination with chemotherapy compared with historic controls but not in randomized trials.
Adverse effects (AEs) of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are a major impediment to optimal dosing for seizure control. Better understanding of clinical properties of AEs is a prerequisite for systematic research of their neurobiological underpinnings.
Spinal Cord advance online publication 7 April 2009; doi: 10.1038/sc.2009.32
Pressure ulcers (PUs) are a common complication following spinal cord injury (SCI). Prevalence for persons in the chronic SCI stage varies between 15 and 30%.
Spinal Cord advance online publication 7 April 2009; doi: 10.1038/sc.2009.19
To review the treatment of spinal deformity in nineteenth century Europe and explain the high incidence of paralysis as a result of forceful traction of the spinal column to treat scoliosis in France as compared with other European countries.
Spinal Cord advance online publication 7 April 2009; doi: 10.1038/sc.2009.33
(1) Determine the sensitivity and specificity of the general population body mass index (BMI) cutoff for obesity (30 kg m-2) in a representative sample of persons with spinal cord injury (SCI); (2) develop a more sensitive BMI cutoff for obesity based on percentage of fat mass (%FM) and C-reactive protein (CRP).
Spinal Cord advance online publication 7 April 2009; doi: 10.1038/sc.2009.30
To develop a method for the study of spinal cord injury (SCI) that can visualize the blood vessels and is compatible with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemical techniques.
NeuroRehabilitation Volume 24, Number 2 / 2009 159-164
Diffusion tensor image tractography (DTT) can visualize white matter tracts and provide a powerful vehicle with which to investigate the neural pathway at the subcortical level.
NeuroRehabilitation Volume 24, Number 2 / 2009 185-192
To examine the validity of the Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ) in measuring community integration in persons with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) through its comparison with the Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique Short Form (CHART-SF).
Recent studies on spontaneous fluctuations in the functional MRI blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal in awake healthy subjects showed the presence of coherent fluctuations among functionally defined neuroanatomical networks.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Volume 90, Issue 4, Pages 634-645 (April 2009)
To describe and compare the quality of life (QOL) of persons with lower-limb amputation
(LLA) at admission (T1), discharge (T2), and 3 months after rehabilitation discharge (T3) and to explore the relationships between QOL and demographic and clinical variables including body image.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Volume 90, Issue 4, Pages 652-656 (April 2009)
Our objective was to examine the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) in a traumatic brain injury (TBI) sample using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to determine how well the
BDI-II identifies depression.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Volume 90, Issue 4, Pages 628-633 (April 2009)
To identify the association of 2 distinct psychologic constructs, personality and purpose in life
(PIL), with risk of early mortality among persons with spinal cord injury (SCI).
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Volume 90, Issue 4, Pages 657-662 (April 2009)
Functional outcomes at discharge and 1-year follow-up. Modified Brunnstrom stages, Gross Motor Function Classification System, activities of daily living
(ADLs), swallowing, speech, and sphincter function were measured.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Volume 90, Issue 4, Pages 623-627 (April 2009)
To evaluate changes in patient-reported communication difficulty after a home-based, computer-delivered intervention designed to improve conversational skills in adults with aphasia.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Volume 90, Issue 4, Pages 587-593 (April 2009)
People with TBI walked with a significantly slower speed than matched healthy controls. There was a significant difference between groups for cadence, step length, stance time on the affected leg, double support phase, and width of base of support.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Volume 90, Issue 4, Pages 696-700 (April 2009)
Purpura fulminans (PF) is a rare, rapidly progressive syndrome characterized by intravascular thrombosis and necrosis of the skin and subcutaneous tissues.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Volume 90, Issue 4, Pages 610-617 (April 2009)
To observe the effects of early mobilization on unhealed transtibial (TT) amputation stump wounds of dysvascular etiology. An 'unhealed' stump was defined as having a wound greater than 1cm
- 1cm at least 3 weeks after surgery.
The perspective from where the world is perceived is an important aspect of the bodily self and may break down in neurological conditions such as out-of-body experiences
(OBEs).
Although non-invasive techniques provide functional activation maps at ever-growing
spatio-temporal precision, invasive recordings offer a unique opportunity for direct investigations of the fine-scale properties of neural mechanisms in focal neuronal populations.
Contrary to the classical view, recent neuroimaging studies claim that phonological processing, as part of auditory speech perception, is subserved by both the left and right temporal lobes and not the left temporal lobe alone.
Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) has detected differences between brains of groups of patients with epilepsy and controls, but the sensitivity for detecting subtle pathological changes in single subjects has not been established.
Acute isolated seizure, repetitive or recurrent seizures, and status epilepticus are all deemed medical emergencies. Mortality and worse neurologic outcome are directly associated with the duration of seizure activity.
In epileptic seizures, there is an enhanced probability of neuronal networks to fire synchronously at high frequency, initiated by a paroxysmal depolarisation shift. Reducing neuronal excitability is a common target of antiepileptic therapies.
Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) is a novel drug-delivery technique that uses positive hydrostatic pressure to deliver a fluid containing a therapeutic substance by bulk flow directly into the interstitial space within a localized region of the brain parenchyma.
The therapy of the focal cortical epilepsies remains unsatisfactory. Close to a third of patients fail to gain adequate control with antiepileptic drugs and a portion of those who do, experience unacceptable side effects.
Complex partial seizures arising from mesial temporal lobe structures are a defining feature of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy
(TLE). For many TLE patients, there is an initial traumatic head injury that is the precipitating cause of epilepsy.
Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology,
doi:10.1093/arclin/acp010
This study examined the validity of the four standard psychological paradigms that have been operationally defined within the CogState brief computerized cognitive assessment battery.
Pediatric Blood & Cancer Published Online: 23 Mar 2009
We describe the case a 2-day-old female with congenital glioblastoma. Total resection was followed by adjuvant and high dose chemotherapy, as indicated by the current Italian infant protocol.
American Journal of Neuroradiology DOI 10.3174/ajnr.A1561
Little has been known about the clinical and angiographic follow-up results of
stent-only therapy for intracranial vertebrobasilar dissecting aneurysms
(VBDA). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, safety, clinical, and angiographic follow-up of
stent-only therapy for VBDA.
American Journal of Neuroradiology DOI 10.3174/ajnr.A1556
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) offers a unique window on the connectivity changes, extending beyond the basal ganglia, which accompany the cognitive symptoms of Parkinson disease (PD).
Abnormal ST T-wave changes can be found at presentation in various noncoronary disorders; misinterpretation of these patterns as ischemic heart disease can lead to erroneous diagnosis and treatment.
Mayo Clinic Proceedings April 2009 vol. 84 no. 4 310-316
To determine the frequency of new-onset compulsive gambling or hypersexuality among regional patients with Parkinson disease (PD), ascertaining the relationship of these behaviors to PD drug use.
A population-based, cross-sectional study was performed in southeast Norway, between January 2002 and February 2008, to identify subjects with hereditary ataxia and hereditary spastic paraplegia, and to estimate the prevalence of these disorders.
Hypertension is a major risk factor for stroke. However, a substantial decrease in blood pressure levels in Japanese during the past 3 decades may have reduced contributions of hypertension to risk of stroke.
Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism advance online publication 1 April 2009;
doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.2009.34
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a major cause of disability in adults worldwide. The pathophysiology of this syndrome is complex, involving both inflammatory and redox components triggered by the extravasation of blood into the cerebral parenchyma.
Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology:Volume 68(4)April 2009pp 425-431
Caveolin 1 (cav-1) is the basic component of the flask-shaped membrane microdomains known as caveolae that are involved in various cell functions. Caveolin 1 can be overexpressed in tumors, suggesting a proneoplastic role, or it can be
downregulated. We previously reported that cav-1 expression increases with tumor grade in
astrocytomas.
Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology:Volume 68(4)April 2009pp 356-364
Mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) is the most common lesion in chronic, intractable temporal lobe epilepsies
(TLE) and characterized by segmental neuronal cell loss in major hippocampal segments.
Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology:Volume 68(4)April 2009pp 432-439
Leukoencephalopathy with cerebral calcifications and cysts (LCC) was first reported in children who developed cognitive decline and variable
extrapyramidal, cerebellar, and pyramidal signs, with or without seizures. Leukoencephalopathy with cerebral calcifications and cysts is characterized by progressive formation of brain cysts thatcan generate a mass effect simulating a neoplasm.
Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology:Volume 68(4)April 2009pp 374-382
Modulation of basal ganglia group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR2/3) is a potential therapeutic alternative to levodopa in Parkinson disease (PD).
Mayo Clinic Proceedings April 2009 vol. 84 no. 4 334-338
Although age is a major risk factor for stroke, physicians are often reluctant to use thrombolytic agents in those who are very old. No published study provides detailed information on the use of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator
(tPA) in patients aged 90 years or older.
Neurosurgical Focus April 2009 Volume 26, Number 4
Moyamoya disease is characterized by a chronic stenoocclusive vasculopathy affecting the terminal internal carotid arteries. The clinical presentation and outcome of moyamoya disease remain varied based on angiographic studies alone, and much work has been done to study cerebral hemodynamics in this group of patients.
We now propose a new approach to stroke subtyping. The concept is to introduce a complete 'stroke
phenotyping' classification (i.e. stroke etiology and the presence of all underlying diseases, divided by grade of severity) as distinguished from past classifications that subtype strokes by characterizing only the most likely
cause(s) of stroke.
Neurosurgical Focus April 2009 Volume 26, Number 4
Different revascularization procedures are used in the treatment of patients with moyamoya disease
(MMD). The aim of this study was to investigate the relative contribution of direct and indirect revascularization procedures to the restoration of collateral blood supply in adult and pediatric patients with
MMD.
To examine the influence of the APOE genotype on levels of {beta}-amyloid
(A{beta}) plaque load and atrophy in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) in vivo.
Because calcitonin (CT) is believed to be released by hypercalcemia and has been shown to be anti-inflammatory, we examined whether suppression of EAE by 1,25(OH)2D3 could be mediated either in part or entirely by CT.
To report the clinical and immunological features of a novel autoantigen related to limbic encephalitis (LE) and the effect of patients' antibodies on neuronal cultures.
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurologic diseases, and although few primary-care practitioners realize it, the prevalence of epilepsy is highest among older adults, especially after age 65.
The International Journal of Robotics Research, Vol. 28, No. 4, 558-570 (2009)
In this paper we present how nanoelectronics should advance medicine, providing details on the teleoperated techniques and equipment design methodology necessary for the effective development of
nanorobots.
American Journal of Epidemiology, doi:10.1093/aje/kwp029
In this paper, the authors report trends in hospitalized stroke rates among Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota (population 2.6 million) metropolitan area residents aged 30-74 years from 1980 to 2000.
Journal of Neuroimaging, Volume 19, Number 2, April 2009 , pp. 191-193(3)
The most frequent type of Krabbe disease has an infantile onset. Unusual slowly progressive adult forms have also been described. We described a different involvement of white matter tracts where magnetic resonance signal alterations were evident in a case of a patient affected by late-onset form of disease.
Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 2009 24(1):3-10
A special interest group of the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine
[ACRM; Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Committee. (1993). Definition of mild traumatic brain injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 8 (3), 86-87.] was the first organized interdisciplinary group to advocate four specific criteria for the diagnosis of a mild traumatic brain injury (TBI).
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a disabling psychiatric disorder that is common among combat veterans and may lead to very poor sleep and disturbing nightmares.
Caregiver burden differs according to the amount of care, but no study has really focused on that point. This study compares the evolution of burden of two groups of caregivers of people with a recent stroke who returned home after discharge from two different types of health care facilities
Like language, music engagement is universal, complex and present early in life. However, ~4% of the general population experiences a lifelong deficit in music perception that cannot be explained by hearing loss, brain damage, intellectual deficiencies or lack of exposure. This musical disorder, commonly known as tone-deafness and now termed congenital
amusia, affects mostly the melodic pitch dimension.
Traditional cognitive tests may not be sensitive for the early detection of executive and social cognitive impairments in the behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia.
Journal of Neuroimaging, Volume 19, Number 2, April 2009 , pp. 188-190(3)
Acute ischemic stroke treatment is meant to induce early reperfusion before ischemic lesion becomes definitive; unfortunately, in many cases, recanalization occurs too late. We present a case in which oxygenated blood was perfused through the occluding clot during intra-arterial (IA) thrombolysis to anticipate reperfusion.
As a more complete picture of the clinical phenotype of Parkinson's disease emerges, non-motor symptoms have become increasingly studied. Prominent among these non-motor phenomena are mood disturbance, cognitive decline and dementia, sleep disorders, hyposmia and autonomic failure
Pilocytic astrocytomas are WHO grade I gliomas that occur predominantly in childhood. They share features of both astroglial and oligodendroglial lineages.
Journal of Child Neurology 2009, doi:10.1177/0883073809332705
The addition of intrathecal methotrexate to treatment protocols has increased survival rates in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia but is also associated with varying degrees of
neurotoxicity.
To study the significance of filling cystometry in assessment and management of neurogenic bladder in myelopathies and correlate neurological recovery and bladder management in the follow up.
Nature Clinical Practice Neurology (2009) 5, 163-169
A 45-year-old woman with small-cell lung cancer presented to a hospital emergency department in an acute confusional state, with blurred vision and mild headache. Following progressively increasing lethargy, she subsequently became unresponsive to tactile and verbal stimuli. She had recently been started on chemotherapy with carboplatin and
gemcitabine.
Cerebral artery stenosis or occlusion is the most common etiological factor in patients with acute cerebral ischemia, but the rate of early diagnosis is low.
Infections are a common and serious threat to patients with acute ischemic stroke. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of infection on mortality and functional outcome at discharge and at 1 year.
Movement execution strongly relies on precise sensorimotor synchronization. In a finger-tapping task that requires subjects to synchronize their finger taps to regular pacing signal synchronization accuracy varies with respect to pacing signal's modality.
Persons with aphasia vary greatly with regard to clinical profile; yet, they all share one common feature - anomia - an impairment in naming common objects. Previous research has demonstrated that particular naming errors are associated with specific left hemisphere lesions.
Tasks employing parametric variation in movement rate are associated with predictable modulations in neural activity and provide a convenient context for developing new techniques for system identification.
American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry:
April 2009 - Volume 17 - Issue 4 - pp 269-275
Depression and pain are common in Parkinson disease (PD). An association between pain and depression has been demonstrated in non-PD groups, but little is known about this relationship in PD.
Botanicals and herbs have a centuries-old tradition of use by persons with epilepsy, in many cultures around the world. At present, herbal therapies are tried by patients in developing as well as developed countries for control of seizures or adverse effects from antiepileptic drugs
(AEDs), or for general health maintenance, usually without the knowledge of physicians who prescribe their
AEDs.
Critical Care Medicine:Volume 37(4)April 2009pp 1442-1447
Anemia increases risk of bleeding complications in the critically ill. In primary intracerebral hemorrhage
(ICH), the most fatal type of stroke, outcome is largely dependent on the volume of hemorrhage into the brain. We investigated the relationship between anemia and clinical course of acute
ICH.
Epilepsy is a common chronic neurological disorder effecting 1 to 2% of the population. Despite advances in anti-epileptic drug therapy, epilepsy surgery, and vagus nerve stimulation, approximately 30% of patients continue to have seizures.
Many patients with epilepsy suffer from persistent seizures despite maximal anti-epileptic drug therapy. Chronic, intermittent vagus nerve stimulation has been proven to be an effective option for many patients suffering from refractory seizures who are not candidates for surgical resection.
Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology Published Online: 31 Mar 2009
Cerebral palsy (CP) is frequently linked to white matter injury in children born preterm. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a powerful technique providing precise identification of white matter microstructure. We investigated the relationship between DTI-observed thalamocortical (posterior thalamic radiation) injury, motor
(corticospinal tract) injury, and sensorimotor function.
Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology Published Online: 31 Mar 2009
We report four infants (two males, two females) with ring 14 chromosome presenting with early-onset partial epilepsy. The first seizure occurred between 3 and 6 months (3, 3, 4, and 6mo respectively).
Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology Published Online: 31 Mar 2009
Subcortical band heterotopia (SBH) or 'double cortex' is a malformation of cortical development resulting from impaired neuronal migration. So far, research has focused on the neurological,
neuroimaging, and genetic correlates of SBH. More recently, clinical reports and small sample studies have documented neuropsychological dysfunction in patients with this malformation.
Journal of Neurotrauma ahead of print. doi:10.1089/neu.2008.0783
Hyperactivation of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NRs) is associated with neuronal cell death induced by traumatic brain injury (TBI) and many neurodegenerative conditions.
Journal of Neurotrauma ahead of print. doi:10.1089/neu.2008.0636
This study reviewed the literature for the extent of neuroimaging findings in boxers, indicative of traumatic brain injury (TBI) as identified in magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI).
Our objective was to characterize the cognitive profile of patients with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) and subcortical ischemic vascular dementia
(SIVD) matched using a functional scale.
Journal of Neurotrauma ahead of print. doi:10.1089/neu.2008.0691
Little is known about the propensity for certain emotional stimuli, such as historically familiar pictures, to activate a large neural network in patients exhibiting a minimally conscious state (MCS).
We report an unusual case of sporadic adult onset cerebellar ataxia with
hypogonadism. A 40-year-old unmarried man presented with progressive ataxia and dysarthria along with complaints of non-development of secondary sexual characteristics and erectile dysfunction.
Neonatal electroencephalogram (EEG), though often perceived as being difficult to record and interpret, is relatively easy to study due to the immature nature of the brain, which expresses only a few well-defined set of patterns.
Neurosurgical Focus April 2009 Volume 26, Number 4
Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a progressive, occlusive disease of the distal internal carotid arteries associated with secondary stenosis of the circle of Willis. Symptoms include ischemic infarcts in children and hemorrhages in adults.
Neurosurgical Focus April 2009 Volume 26, Number 4
Moyamoya disease, a known cause of pediatric stroke, is an unremitting cerebrovascular occlusive disorder of unknown etiology that can lead to devastating, permanent neurological disability if left untreated. It is characterized by progressive stenosis of the intracranial internal carotid arteries and their distal branches and the nearly simultaneous appearance of basal arterial collateral vessels that vascularize hypoperfused brain distal to the occluded vessels.
Journal of Neuroimaging, Volume 19, Number 2, April 2009 , pp. 139-143(5)
Strokes from large-vessel atherosclerotic occlusions or severe stenoses are often resistant to re-canalization with thrombolytic agents. As in acute coronary syndromes, angioplasty and stenting for stroke may be used to achieve timely reperfusion with possibly less risk for hemorrhagic complications.
Falls are common in stroke survivors returning home after rehabilitation, however there is currently a lack of evidence about preventing falls in this population.
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