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At present there are no standardized recommendations concerning physiotherapy of individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) resulting in a high variability of methods and intensity. The aim of this literature review is to develop recommendations concerning physiotherapy in the post-acute phase after TBI on the basis of scientific evidence.
The purpose of this study was to characterize performance of individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) on a novel video-based test, the Video Social Inference Test (VSIT). The VSIT was designed to capture social inference processes that would be engaged in daily conversations. The test required both initial social inferences and also predictions or explanations of subsequent behaviours.
Poor compliance with hand splinting treatment in the acute injury stage increases the risk of ongoing disability by affecting recovery and functioning. The aims of this study were to identify key predictors of splinting non-compliance in acute traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients and to determine the suitability of the Westmead PTA scale for predicting splinting compliance in TBI.
To investigate long-term positive psychological growth in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to relate growth to injury characteristics and early outcomes.
Molecular Cancer Research 6, 576-584, April 1, 2008
To further understand the biological significance of amplifications for glioma development and recurrencies, we characterized amplicon frequency and size in low-grade glioma and amplicon stability in vivo in recurring glioblastoma.
American Journal of Epidemiology 2008 167(8):976-985
The authors examined incident glioma and meningioma risk associated with occupational exposure to insecticides and herbicides in a hospital-based, case-control study of brain cancer.
Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics April 2008 Volume 1, Number 4
Pediatric basilar invagination and cranial settling have traditionally been approached through a transoral-transpharyngeal route with or without extended maxillotomy or mandibulotomy for resection of the anterior portion of C-1 and the odontoid.
Alpha-1 antichymotrypsin (ACT), a serine proteinase inhibitor, has been implicated in vascular pathology. The TT genotype of the ACT signal peptide A/T polymorphism has been reported to confer susceptibility to primary intracerebral hemorrhage (PICH).
The Internet Journal of Anesthesiology. 2008. Volume 16 Number 1
Meningiomas are derived from mesoderm, probably from cells giving rise to the arachnoid granulations. These tumors are usually benign and attached to the dura. They may invade the skull but only infrequently invade the brain. Meningiomas usually occur along the sagittal sinus, over the cerebral convexities, in the cerebello pontine angle, and along the dorsum of the spinal cord.
Journal of Neurosurgery April 2008 Volume 108, Number 4
The goal in this study was to examine the microsurgical and tractographic anatomy of the claustrum and its projection fibers, and to analyze the functional and surgical implications of the findings.
Journal of Neurosurgery April 2008 Volume 108, Number 4
The normal adult human telencephalon does not reveal evidence of spontaneous neuronal migration and differentiation despite the robust germinal capacity of the subventricular zone (SVZ) astrocyte ribbon that contains neural stem cells. This might be because it is averse to accepting new neurons into an established neuronal network, probably representing an evolutionary acquisition to prevent the formation of anomalous neuronal circuits. Some forms of epilepsy, such as malformations of cortical development, are thought to be due to abnormal corticogenesis during the embryonic and early postnatal periods.
Journal of Neurosurgery April 2008 Volume 108, Number 4
The authors report on the case of a 32-year-old woman with an intramuscular arteriovenous hemangioma (AVH) of the left forearm with burning pain and paresthesias diffused to the radial nerve-related territories. The patient underwent coil embolization of the AVH and surgical removal of the remnant and regrown AVH.
Journal of Neurosurgery April 2008 Volume 108, Number 4
The use of focal brain cooling to eliminate epileptic discharges (EDs) has attracted increasing attention in the scientific community. In this study, the inhibitory effect of selective hippocampal cooling on experimental hippocampal seizures was investigated using a newly devised cooling system with a thermoelectric (Peltier) chip.
Journal of Neurosurgery April 2008 Volume 108, Number 4
The aim of this study was to use diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) to define the 3D relationships of the uncinate fasciculus, anterior commissure, inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus, inferior thalamic peduncle, and optic radiation and to determine the positioning landmarks of these white matter tracts.
Jiurnal of Neurosurgery April 2008 Volume 108, Number 4
In this prospective multicenter study the authors hypothesized that investigational epidural cortical stimulation (CS) delivered concurrently with rehabilitation therapy may enhance motor recovery following stroke.
To provide evidence of whether seizure clustering is associated with drug resistance and increased mortality in childhood-onset epilepsy, a prospective, long-term population-based study was performed.
Neuronal oscillations span a wide range of spatial and temporal scales that extend beyond traditional clinical EEG. Recent research suggests that high-frequency oscillations
(HFO), in the ripple (80–250 Hz) and fast ripple (250-1000 Hz) frequency range, may be signatures of epileptogenic brain and involved in the generation of seizures.
Epilepsy and Mental Retardation limited to Females (EFMR) which links to Xq22 has been reported in only one family. We aimed to determine if there was a distinctive phenotype that would enhance recognition of this disorder. We ascertained four unrelated families (two Australian, two Israeli) where seizures in females were transmitted through carrier males. Detailed clinical assessment was performed on 58 individuals, using a validated seizure questionnaire, neurological examination and review of EEG and imaging studies.
An early and reliable prognosis for recovery in stroke patients is important for initiation of individual treatment and for informing patients and relatives. We recently developed and validated models for predicting survival and functional independence within 3 months after acute stroke, based on age and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score assessed within 6 hours after stroke.
Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology Year : 2008 Volume : 11 Issue : 1 Page : 44-46
Lipid peroxidation is an indicator of free radical metabolism and oxidative stress in human beings and other organisms. Malondialdehyde (MDA), an end product of lipid peroxidation, is a metabolite that can be readily estimated in serum samples. Excess oxidative stress may be a final common pathway through which anti epileptic drugs may exert their teratogenic potential in pregnant women with epilepsy.
Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics April 2008 Volume 1, Number 4
Occasional case reports have suggested an increased risk of cervical spinal cord injuries (SCIs) in individuals with Chiari malformations. The degree of this additional risk has never been quantified, leading to vastly different counseling to families about the need to restrict activities in children with otherwise asymptomatic Chiari malformations.
Pilocytic astrocytomas (PAs, WHO grade I) are the most common brain tumors in the pediatric and adolescent population, accounting for approximately one-fifth of central nervous system tumors.
Over 50% of patients with upper limb paresis resulting from stroke face long-term impaired arm function and ensuing disability in daily life. Unfortunately, the number of effective treatments aimed at improving arm function due to stroke is still low. This study aims to evaluate a new therapy for improving arm function in sub-acute stroke patients based on mental practice theories and functional task-oriented training, and to study the predictors for a positive treatment result.
Journal of Neurosurgery April 2008 Volume 108, Number 4
The authors report on a 21-year-old man who presented with a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma primarily located in the right parietal lobe with diffuse infiltration. The low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma is a rare sarcoma of the deep soft tissue that is characterized as an indolent but metastasizing soft-tissue neoplasm with a deceptively benign histological appearance.
Journal of Neurosurgery April 2008 Volume 108, Number 4
Although intracranial metastases of malignant melanomas are common, localization at the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) or in the internal auditory canal (IAC) is rare, and bilateral presentation especially so. We present the case of a 46-year-old Caucasian woman with bilateral IAC/CPA lesions and a prior history of malignant melanoma on the right leg. During preoperative investigations, the presence of the bilateral IAC/CPA lesions along with several radiologically identified lesions along the neural axis led to the suspicion that she had neurofibromatosis Type 2 despite her history of malignant melanoma and the lack of characteristic skin lesions and family history.
Journal of Neurosurgery April 2008 Volume 108, Number 4
Although gliomas remain refractory to treatment, it is not clear whether this characteristic is fixed at the time of its origin or develops later. The authors have been using a model of neurocarcinogenesis to determine whether a time exists during a glioma's evolution during which it is detectable but still curable, thus providing a justification for exploring the clinical merits of an early detection and treatment strategy. The authors recently reported the presence of 2 distinct cellular subsets, 1 expressing nestin and the other both glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and osteopontin (OPN), within all examined gliomas that developed after in utero exposure to ethylnitrosourea.
Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology. 30(4):326-331, April 2008
Congenital brain tumors are rare and make up only 2% of all pediatric central nervous system tumors. We present 12 cases of congenital brain tumors of various histopathologies. Most of these tumors were of astrocytic lineage.
The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet has been shown to lower blood pressure, but little is known about its long-term effect on cardiovascular end points. Our objective was to assess the association between a DASH-style diet adherence score and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke in women.
Although self-expanding intracranial microstents have been used to treat acute middle cerebral artery (MCA) stroke, there are disadvantages associated with placing a permanent endovascular implant. We describe a technique in which a reconstrainable stent was used to provide a temporary endovascular bypass to achieve MCA recanalization without permanent stent implantation.
She was sobbing. Her husband, eyes lowered, turned his head slowly in disapproving judgment. With his tan-colored hat affixed tightly to his tan-colored head, he slouched further in his seat. David, also slouched on the patient table, seemed completely uninterested in the parental affair. He had his own tension. Head bowed, he desperately clutched his flexed right hand with his left. This was my first visit. These were the Almadys.
If not newly emerging, the subspecialty of neurorehabilitation is definitely burgeoning, and neurology trainees may not be aware of the exciting career opportunities within the field. The contemporary neurology resident is trained in a discipline that has changed dramatically in the last two decades.
The apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphism is an established risk factor for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) that is related to cerebral amyloid angiopathy in the white population. Among Asian populations, although ICH represents up to one third of all strokes and has high rates of mortality and morbidity, the role of the APOE polymorphism has not been well studied.
Recent studies related angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and calcium channel blockers to possible neuroprotective effects. Little is known about neuroprotection of angiotensin II (AT II) antagonists or beta-blockers.
Axial symptoms of Parkinson disease (PD) may result from dysfunctional basal ganglia–brainstem connections. In this study, we assessed whether modulation of basal ganglia activity by high-frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus
(STN-HFS) in PD had an impact on the brainstem-controlled startle system.
Autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia (ARHSP) with thin corpus callosum (TCC) is a common form of complex hereditary spastic paraplegia. The genetic lesion underlying ARHSP-TCC was localized to chromosome 15q13-q15 and given the designation SPG11.
Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder in which the major pathologic substrate is a loss of dopaminergic neurons from the lateral substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Our objective was to determine whether, in patients with early PD, SNc changes evident on MRI sequences sensitive to iron content corresponded anatomically to the pathologic changes reported previously, and to correlate these changes to the duration and severity of clinical manifestations of PD.
To use 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and PET to investigate changes in regional metabolism associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Parkinson disease (PD). Cognitive abnormalities are common in PD. However, little is known about the functional abnormalities that underlie the manifestations of MCI in this disorder.
Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) mutations are the most common cause of Parkinson disease (PD). Several dominantly inherited pathogenic substitutions have been identified in different domains of the Lrrk2 protein.
Patients with Parkinson disease (PD) may be akinetic/rigid, be tremor dominant, or have comparable severity of these motor symptoms (classic). The pathophysiologic basis of different PD phenotypes is unknown.
We studied the effects of subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation vs levodopa on freezing of gait (FOG) and gait impairments in a large consecutive series of patients with Parkinson disease with bilateral STN stimulation.
We evaluated comprehensive neuropsychological tests and regional brain blood flow to compare cognitive dysfunction between two types of multiple system atrophy: predominant cerebellar ataxia (MSA-C) and predominant parkinsonism (MSA-P).
Aggregation and fibrillization of the -synuclein protein (encoded by the SNCA gene) may represent key events in the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease (PD). Variability in the length of a dinucleotide repeat sequence (REP1) within the SNCA promoter confers susceptibility to sporadic PD. Pesticide exposures may also confer susceptibility to PD.
Multiplication of the -synuclein gene (SNCA) (OMIM 163890) has been identified as a causative mutation in hereditary Parkinson disease or dementia with Lewy bodies.
Patients with Huntington disease (HD) develop diabetes mellitus more often than do matched healthy controls. Recent studies in neurodegenerative diseases suggested that insulin resistance constitutes a metabolic stressor that interacts with a preexisting neurobiological template to induce a given disorder.
To determine gene(s) disrupted in a patient with partial frontal lobe epilepsy and cognitive impairment with concomitant de novo balanced chromosomal translocation t(2;13)(q24;q31).
New insights into the biology of neural stem cells (NSCs) have raised expectations for their use in the treatment of neurologic diseases. Originally, NSC transplantation was proposed as a means of replacing cells in central nervous system diseases that result in cell loss. However, recent data regarding their beneficial effects in various animal models of neurologic diseases indicate that transplanted NSCs may also attenuate deleterious inflammation, protect the central nervous system from degeneration, and enhance endogenous recovery processes.
Frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism (FTDP) is a major neurodegenerative syndrome, particularly for those with symptoms beginning before age 65 years.
To determine whether concentration of serum urate, a purine metabolite and potent antioxidant that has been linked to a reduced risk of Parkinson disease (PD), predicts prognosis in PD.
In community-dwelling adults with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI), to (1) quantify C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of inflammation and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk; (2) determine factors associated with CRP.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:584-587
SPG10 is an autosomal dominant form of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP), which is caused by mutations in the neural kinesin heavy chain KIF5A gene, the neuronal motor of fast anterograde axonal transport. Only four mutations have been identified to date.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:588-589
In 2006, levetiracetam was approved as the first of the newer anticonvulsive drugs as an intravenous formulation (ivLEV) for patients with epileptic seizures who are unable to take oral medication.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:594-597
In a patient with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy, EEG-fMRI showed activation in association with left anterior temporal interictal discharges, in the left temporal, parietal and occipital lobes. Dynamic causal modelling suggested propagation of neural activity from the temporal focus to the area of occipital activation.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:598-601
Left unilateral neglect, a dramatic condition which impairs awareness of left-sided events, has been classically reported after right hemisphere cortical lesions involving the inferior parietal region.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:492-495
Dominant temporal lobectomy is classically performed based on two criteria: a perfect knowledge of the temporo-mesial microsurgical anatomy and cortical landmarks laterally. However, the functional anatomy of the subcortical white matter tracts is taken into account less, despite the risk of inducing a permanent deficit (especially aphasia) if damaged.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:530-534
Predicting aphasia recovery after stroke has been difficult due to substantial variability in outcomes. Few studies have characterised the nature and extent of recovery, beginning with baselines at 24-72 hours after stroke onset.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:540-546
To evaluate a new three dimensional (3D) MRI protocol for the reliable detection of aortic high risk plaques compared with transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) and to test the reliability of additional MRI in stroke of undetermined aetiology.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:514-521
We hypothesise that parkinsonian tremor arises when the caudal zona incerta (cZI) and subthalamic nucleus (STN) are deprived of dopamine and become increasingly responsive to motor cortical {alpha} and {beta} frequency oscillations.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:547-552
Ulegyria refers to cerebral cortex scarring, which results from a perinatal ischaemic brain injury. It presents with a characteristic gyral pattern: small circumvolutions with atrophy at sulci bottom and spared apex. Ulegyria is frequently associated with epilepsy, cerebral palsy and mental disability. We analysed electroclinical and MRI features in patients with ulegyria and epilepsy.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008;79:522-529
Motor deficits in Parkinson's disease (PD) are reduced by deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus
(STN), but the impact of this therapy on dysarthrophonic problems in PD remains controversial. We therefore aimed to disentangle the effects of STN DBS on the speech skills of long-term treated patients.
Over 50% of patients with upper limb paresis resulting from stroke face long-term impaired arm function and ensuing disability in daily life. Unfortunately, the number of effective treatments aimed at improving arm function due to stroke is still low.
Early seizure (ES) may complicate the clinical course of patients with acute stroke. The aim of this study was to assess the rate of and the predictive factors for ES as well the effects of ES on the clinical outcome at hospital discharge in patients with first-ever stroke.
Journal of Neurotrauma. April 1, 2008, 25(4): 311-323
Having reported that traumatic brain injury (TBI), produced by moderate lateral controlled cortical impact (CCI), causes long-term dysregulation of the neuroendocrine stress response, the aim of this study was to assess short- and long-term effects of both moderate and mild CCI on stress-induced hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) function.
Journal of Neurotrauma. April 1, 2008, 25(4): 291-298
Despite the widespread use of mannitol to treat elevated intracranial pressure (ICP), there is no consensus regarding the optimal dosage. The objective of this study was to retrospectively characterize the dose-response relationship between mannitol and ICP using data collected with a continuous high-frequency physiological data collection system.
During early neurodevelopment, asymmetric segregation of Numb in mitotic progenitor cells influences the fate of daughter cells, whereby one daughter retains the progenitor phenotype while the other proceeds along a differentiation pathway.
Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics April 2008 Volume 1, Number 4
There is a subset of children with bilateral independent seizure foci who are especially difficult to treat. These refractory children often have difficult to treat epilepsy syndromes and are best managed at a comprehensive epilepsy center. They have often failed multiple medications, vagus nerve stimulation, and callosotomy. They are not candidates for focal resective surgery.
Clinical Microbiology and Infection doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2008.01977.x
Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A accounted for 95% of cases of meningococcal disease in China during the last century. To understand the circulation of these organisms in China over a 50-year period, 275 serogroup A meningococcal isolates collected between 1956 and 2005 were characterised by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and PorA typing. In total, 44 sequence types (STs), belonging to five hyperinvasive lineages, and ten singletons were identified in this collection.
The distinction between central nervous system (CNS) metastases of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and CNS haemangioblastoma still poses a challenge to the pathologist.
There is currently no satisfactory treatment for dyskinesia in patients with Parkinson disease because most antidyskinetic strategies have the effect of aggravating Parkinsonian symptoms, and most pharmacological strategies for reducing "off" periods have increased dyskinesia as a treatment complication.
In patients with advanced Parkinson disease, levodopa/carbidopa formulated as a gel suspension (Duodopa) permits continuous delivery into the small intestine using a portable pump, resulting in less variability in levodopa concentrations and fewer motor fluctuations and dyskinesias than with oral levodopa administration. This is a retrospective analysis of the long-term clinical experience with this agent.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 29:688-693, April 2008
We investigated the relationship between tumor blood-flow measurement based on perfusion imaging by arterial spin-labeling (ASL-PI) and histopathologic findings in brain tumors.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 29:773-780, April 2008
The clinical outcome is often poor in acute stroke patients with a serious neurological status due to occlusive lesions of the intracranial vertebral and/or basilar artery (IVBA). The purpose of this study was to investigate retrospectively the clinical features and outcome of acute stroke patients who underwent transluminal angioplasty and/or stenting (TAS) for occlusive lesions of the IVBA and to clarify the prerequisites for improvement of outcome.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 29:807-813, April 2008
We present neuroradiologic findings in 17 patients with posterior fossa malformations, hemangiomas, arterial anomalies, cardiac defects, eye abnormalities, and sternal or ventral defects (PHACES) association and identify those at highest risk of central nervous system (CNS) structural, cerebrovascular, and neurodevelopmental abnormalities.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 29:753-759, April 2008
The purpose of this study was to analyze the 3-month outcomes of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) treated from January 2005 to June 2006. This paper describes the outcomes after treatment of aneurysmal SAH and comparison between patients treated by clipping or coiling in a high volume center.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 29:660-662, April 2008
Imaging of the cerebral vessels with use of CT angiogram (CTA) after placement of aneurysmal clips is often limited by clip artifacts. We used a phantom to demonstrate a visible reduction in metal artifact when using the axial technique, compared with the usual CTA helical acquisition. This approach may have some advantage when used for CTA with 64-section scanners in the specific circumstance of immediate postoperative imaging after placement of cerebral aneurysmal clips.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 29:701-704, April 2008
T1-weighted inversion recovery (T1IR) imaging demonstrates higher brain tissue contrast and is more sensitive to contrast enhancement than T1-weighted spin-echo (T1SE) imaging. However, the effectiveness of the 2 imaging sequences in detecting brain metastases has not been studied. The objective of this report was to determine which sequence should be used for detecting brain metastases by comparing the effectiveness of T1IR imaging with that of T1SE imaging.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 29:781-785, April 2008
There are a few reports regarding the outcome evaluation of balloon-expandable intracranial stent placement (BEICS). The purpose of our study was to evaluate the outcome and factors related to the adverse events (AEs) of BEICS.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 29:766-772, April 2008
Intracranial hemorrhage is a commonly acknowledged complication of interventional neuroradiology procedures, and the ability to image hemorrhage at the time of the procedure would be very beneficial. A new C-arm system with 3D functionality extends the capability of C-arm imaging to include soft-tissue applications by facilitating the detection of low-contrast objects. We evaluated its ability to detect small intracranial hematomas in a swine model.
Neonatal stroke is associated with the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-mediated excitotoxic brain injury. Src family kinases (SFKs) are considered to be the molecular hub for NMDAR regulation. We determined the relationship between SFKs activation and NMDAR tyrosine phosphorylation after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) and investigated the neuroprotective potential of a selective SFKs inhibitor, PP2 (4-amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-(t-butyl) pyrazolo [3, 4-d] pyramidine), against neonatal brain ischemic injury.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 29:681-687, April 2008
A reliable quantitative technique for measuring arteriovenous (AV) shunt in vascular malformations is not currently available. Here, we evaluated the hypothesis that continuous arterial spin-labeled (CASL) perfusion MR imaging can be used to detect and measure AV shunt in patients with arteriovenous malformations (AVMs).
American Journal of Neuroradiology 29:674-680, April 2008
Widespread cerebral changes are observed in advanced stages of Parkinson disease (PD), suggesting that PD is a multisystem disorder. We investigated with MR imaging whether global brain changes are present in early clinical stages of PD and correlated the findings with the type of clinical presentation.
American Journal of Neuroradiology 29:668-673, April 2008
With the approval of gadobenate dimeglumine, higher relaxivity MR contrast agents were introduced into the clinical environment, and multiple in vivo studies compared the efficacy and safety with the previously approved agents. An in vitro study was conducted to demonstrate differences between the various agents to confirm published values and for imaging-sequence optimization.
To report the importance of a rare organic acid metabolic disorder, L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria, and its characteristic neuroimaging cerebral white matter abnormalities in a case of epilepsy.
The geographic inequity and the wide variation in the patterns of care of stroke found across Europe together with the lack of health economics evaluation in Greece led to this prospective study, aiming to provide data on in-hospital direct cost of patients with an acute stroke in Greece, and to identify independent prognostic factors.
Patients with unilateral vestibular failure (UVF) experience oscillopsia (apparent motion of the visual scene) during rapid head movements due to increased retinal slip caused by vestibulo-ocular reflex impairment.
Paroxysmal hemicrania is a rare syndrome characterized by repeated attacks of strictly unilateral, severe, short-lasting pain occurring with cranial autonomic features.
To compare preterm (PT) and full-term (FT) infant hippocampal volumes and to investigate the relations among PT hippocampal volume, perinatal risk factors, and neurodevelopmental outcome.
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, Volume 117, Number 5, May 2008 , pp. 394-395(2)
Lithium-neuroleptics induced encephalopathy is a rare drug interaction. Here I am reporting a patient who developed reversible encepatholopathy with lithium-risperidone combination.
Anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) abuse increased in recent years, and it is associated with numerous adverse effects. Few reports on ischemic stroke related to anabolic steroid abuse have been published.
The role of sub-cortical structures in language processing, and more specifically of the striatum, remains controversial. In line with psycholinguistic models stating that language processing implies both the recovery of lexical information and the application of combinatorial rules, the striatum has been claimed to be involved either in the former component or in the latter.
The clinical phenotype of Huntington's disease (HD) is far more complex and variable than depictions of it as a progressive movement disorder dominated by neostriatal pathology represent.
International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, Volume 10, Issue 3 2008 , pages 127 - 131
Dr Christopher Green is a well-known paediatrician and parenting author, who appeared frequently on Australian radio and television and lectured in Australia and many countries around the world. In 1999, Dr Green had a stroke which left him with aphasia and ended his career. After the death of his wife in 2004, Dr Green used exercise and the goal of writing again to lift himself out of his grief. With the help of a gifted editor, he wrote a new edition of his best-selling book Toddler Taming (Green, 2006), and in the process recovered much of his language. Dr Green is the Patron of the Australian Aphasia Association, and has in recent years returned to public speaking. In this address, he shares his message that the language gains made with aphasia may occur over decades, not merely one or two years.
Intravenous alteplase is licensed for treatment of ischaemic stroke within 3 h of onset. Up to one-third of patients in the UK present to hospital within this time window but few are treated.
Journal of Neurosurgery pediatrics April 2008 Volume 1, Number 4
The suprasellar location is the second common site for germ cell tumors during childhood consisting of 30 to 40% of cases. They are rare and present with diabetes insipidus (DI) and visual symptoms. We review our personal series of suprasellar malignant germ cell tumor (SMGCT) to define optimum therapy.
Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics April 2008 Volume 1, Number 4
The number of newborns needing pediatric neuro-surgical interventions has been changing in Canada over the past decade. This paper describes the population-adjusted rates for newborns with various forms of hydrocephalus and for spina bifida cared for by the health care system in English Canada during the period of 2001-2005.
Bulletin du Cancer. Volume 95, Number 3, 271-81, mars 2008, Synthèse
Malignant gliomas of which glioblastomas represent the ultimate grade of malignancy are characterized by dismal prognoses because malignant glioma cells present both important proliferation and neoangiogenesis processes and can actively migrate through the narrow extra-cellular spaces in the brain, often travelling relatively long distances, making them elusive targets for effective surgical management. Invasive malignant glioma cells show a decrease in their proliferation rates and a relative resistance to apoptosis (type I programmed cell death) as compared to the highly cellular centre of the tumour, and this may contribute to their resistance to conventional proapoptotic chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
Journal of Neurosurgery April 2008 Volume 108, Number 4
From December 1990 to July 1995, the investigators participated in a prospective clinical study to evaluate the safety of the Guglielmi detachable coil (GDC) system for the treatment of aneurysms. This report summarizes the perioperative results from eight initial interventional neuroradiology centers in the United States. The report focuses on 403 patients who presented with acute subarachnoid hemorrhage from a ruptured intracranial aneurysm. These patients were treated within 15 days of the primary intracranial hemorrhage and were followed until they were discharged from the hospital or died.
Cerebrovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and its prevalence is expected to increase as a result of projected demographic trends. Stroke is one of the leading causes of disability and death of over 30 million people each year worldwide. Hypertension is the most important modifiable risk factor for stroke. Recent data indicate that treatment with antihypertensive drugs reduces the incidence of all strokes in men (by 34%), women (by 38%), the elderly (by 36%), including those older than 80 years (by 34%), younger persons, those with systolic and diastolic hypertension, persons with isolated systolic hypertension, and those with a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack (by 28%).
Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 27(4):363-365, April 2008
In Western Europe tick-borne encephalitis virus infections with fatal outcome are rare, especially in children. We report the case of an adolescent who died of meningoencephalitis after a tick bite that occurred between the first 2 tick-borne encephalitis vaccinations.
The aim of the current study was to determine whether a pulmonary resection and gamma-knife radiosurgery (GKRS) protocol is superior to GKRS alone in selected patients with stage IV nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Southern Medical Journal. 101(4):400-406, April 2008
Status epilepticus (SE) in adults is a state of continuous seizures lasting more than 5 minutes, or rapidly recurrent seizures without regaining consciousness.
Synaptic plasticity is thought to be a key mechanism of information storage in the CNS. Different forms of synaptic long-term potentiation have been shown to be impaired in neurological disorders.
atients with partial epilepsy may report multiple types of aura during their seizures. The significance of the occurrence of multiple auras in the same patient is not known.
The current histopathological criteria of Rasmussen's encephalitis (RE) include the presence of T-cell-dominated inflammation, microglial activation, neuronal loss, and astrocytic activation.
Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics April 2008 Volume 1, Number 4
Creation of a pediatric neurosurgical service in the community has challenges unique from establishing such a service in an academic setting. I outline the challenges in creating a pediatric neurosurgical service within a large city-owned hospital. Critical equipment system-related and man-power issues were identified.
Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography. 32(2):291-292, March/April 2008
We present a case of a clinically suspected cerebral infarction that was diagnosed as a seizure focus on pulsed arterial spin labeling. The finding of hyperperfusion with perfusion imaging significantly impacted clinical management of the patient.
As a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF), LIGHT (TNFSF14) was recently found to be associated with platelets and released upon activation. Increased plasma levels of LIGHT have been reported in patients with myocardial infarction and unstable angina. The aim of the study was to analyze plasma levels of LIGHT in acute ischemic atherosclerotic stroke.
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a complex disability, often requiring specialised knowledge and expertise to manage multisystem impairments. This topic is often not included in undergraduate medical education and the general practitioner may understandably feel underprepared for managing a patient with SCI.
Studies have linked epilepsy with an increased suicide risk, but the association might be modified by psychiatric, demographic, and socioeconomic factors.
When distracters conflict with our instructions, our reactions normally get slower. However, Coulthard and colleagues in this issue of Neuron show that damage to the right parietal lobe reverses this effect, paradoxically facilitating responses. This surprising result may shed light on the functional role of parietal cortex within a larger cortical circuit for voluntary behavior.
Flexible behavior in humans often requires that rapid choices be made between conflicting action plans. Although much attention has focused on prefrontal regions, little is understood about the contribution of parietal cortex under situations of response conflict.
The Clinical Neuropsychologist, Volume 22, Issue 1 January 2008 , pages 10 - 26
Abstract
This Position Statement is a summary of the literature and learning regarding current issues raised by the occurrence, treatment, and study of traumatic brain injury in military service members and veterans. The Report has been approved by the American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology (AACN), Divisions 40 (Neuropsychology) and 22 (Rehabilitation Psychology) of the American Psychological Association (APA), and the National Academy of Neuropsychology (NAN), with the goal of providing information of relevance on an important public policy matter within their respective areas of expertise.
Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics Year : 2008 Volume : 4 Issue : 1 Page : 9-13
Delineation of various target volumes using contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and/or computed tomography (CT) constitutes the primary step for radiation therapy planning (RTP) in brain tumors.
Increasing regulation of medical research, in particular the requirement for explicit consent, may reduce the quantity and quality of clinical epidemiological research.
Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics April 2008 Volume 1, Number 4
The authors report the case of a 4-year-old boy with a spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) related to an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) that was not found with good-quality magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and MR angiography.
Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics April 2008 Volume 1, Number 4
Epileptogenic lesions and their margins are often difficult to define intraoperatively. Optical spectroscopy, especially diffuse reflectance and fluorescence spectroscopy, can characterize tissue in vivo.
Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics April 2008 Volume 1, Number 4
Diffusion tensor (DT) imaging was used in children with supratentorial tumors to evaluate the anisotropic diffusion properties between different tumor grades and between tumors and adjacent and contralateral white matter.
The neuropathology of vanishing white matter (VWM) disease is characterized by a loss of white matter (WM). Although recent histopathological studies suggest a primary glial dysfunction, the purpose of this work was to assess the extent of axonal involvement in VWM using long-term follow-up proton MR spectroscopy.
To retrospectively quantify the characteristics of published radiology research sponsored by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and to retrospectively characterize the contribution of the individual NIH institutes.
Journal of Neurosurgery April 2008 Volume 108, Number 4
This study was undertaken to evaluate the association between age at diagnosis, patterns of care, and outcome among elderly individuals with anaplastic astrocytoma (AA) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM).
Journal of Neurosurgery April 2008 Volume 108, Number 4
Recent studies of conventional craniotomies and image-guided biopsies have afforded a solid characterization of surgical morbidity and the timing of its occurrence. This report outlines a novel 11-year experience with outpatient image-guided biopsy and outpatient craniotomy for supratentorial intraaxial brain tumors.
Journal of Neurosurgery April 2008 Volume 108, Number 4
The goal of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcome of patients who underwent extratemporal epilepsy surgery and to assess preoperative prognostic factors associated with seizure outcome.
Journal of Neurosurgery April 2008 Volume 108, Number 4
Aneurysms treated by endovascular coil embolization have been associated with coil compaction, and the rate of recanalization has been reported to be as high as 40%. The authors report the first published evidence of a correlation between aneurysm recanalization correlated with a history of cigarette smoking.
Various drugs, when used during acute stroke, may affect stroke outcome. Some advise against the use of certain drugs that may be potentially harmful when used in acute stroke. However, for many of such drugs, the evidence is scarce. Therefore, we studied the use of various drugs at stroke onset as independent predictors of outcome at 3 months.
Journal of Neurosurgery April 2008 Volume 108, Number 4
The object of this study was to evaluate cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) from ruptured blood blister-like aneurysms (BBAs) of the internal carotid artery (ICA) trunk.
Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics April 2008 Volume 1, Number 4
Diffusion tensor (DT) imaging has been used to predict postoperative motor function in patients with supratentorial tumors. The authors sought to determine whether DT imaging and white matter tractography could detect axonal degeneration in patients with brainstem tumors.
European Journal of Emergency Medicine. 15(2):71-74, April 2008
A significant advancement in the management of acute ischemic stroke has been the use of the recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA). French guidelines recommend that stroke patients should be treated in stroke units (SU); however, community hospitals experience practical difficulties in treating their patients because SUs are not sufficient in number.
The aims of this study were to show 1) the effect of changing from computed tomography (CT) to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on the prevalence of detected brain metastases (BM) in patients with newly diagnosed small cell lung cancer (SCLC); 2) the difference in survival between patients with single and multiple BM; and 3) the effect of the change in patient labeling on eligibility for prophylactic brain irradiation.
The aim of this study was to determine whether seizure occurrence in partial epilepsy is under the influence of circadian rhythms and rhythmic exogenous factors, and how this influence varies according to cortical brain region.
A 60-year-old man presented with bilateral gaze evoked nystagmus, severe ataxia, and memory impairment. Brain MRI showed concurrent cytotoxic and vasogenic edema patterns.
High-frequency subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) is an established treatment for patients with advanced Parkinson disease (PD). To date, intraoperative monitoring of parkinsonian symptoms, such as tremor and bradykinesia, is largely based on subjective strategies.
Autopsy studies in patients who have been declared brain dead are rare. Total brain necrosis ("respirator brain") has been a common finding in the distant past.
Explosive growth of hospital-based medicine specialists, termed hospitalists, has occurred in the past decade. This was fueled by pressures within the American health care system for timely, cost-effective, and high-quality care and by the growing chasm between inpatient and outpatient care.
In our metropolitan area, the Stroke Code (SC) system allows immediate transfer of patients with acute stroke to a stroke center. It may be activated by community hospitals (A), emergency medical services (EMS, B), or the emergency department of the stroke center (C).
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is common in men with Parkinson's disease, perhaps because both disorders are associated with dopamine and testosterone status. Gao and colleagues' analysis of retrospective data from the Health Professionals Study has now shown that ED might precede the onset of Parkinson's motor symptoms by many years, and might help to identify men with an increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease.
After an acute stroke, systemic infection can complicate the recovery process and lead to a worse clinical outcome, including a higher risk of mortality. Post-stroke infection (PSI) is responsible for the majority of the mortality occurring between 1 week and 1 month after stroke, peaking towards the end of the second week.
Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography. 32(2):313-319, March/April 2008
To compare the enhancement of brain metastasis between 3-dimensional fast spoiled gradient recalled acquisition in the steady state (3DFSPGR) and spin echo (SE) T1-weighted imaging at 3-T magnetic resonance imaging.
To evaluate whether elevated intraoperative blood glucose concentrations are associated with an increased risk of long-term neurologic dysfunction in patients at risk for ischemic brain injury.
Journal of Neurosurgery April 2008 Volume 108, Number 4
Basal encephaloceles are rare entities that can present as congenital diseases; however, traumatic lesions due to head injuries or iatrogenic causes have been described in the literature. In this study the authors aimed to define placement techniques for free grafts in repairing traumatic basal encephaloceles and to describe the long-term effectiveness of endoscopic treatment.
Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography. 32(2):298-303, March/April 2008
To retrospectively determine whether fractional anisotropy (FA) or mean diffusivity (MD) value at 3-T diffusion-tensor imaging is different between low- and high-grade gliomas and may be useful for glioma grading.
Journal of Neurosurgery April 2008 Volume 108, Number 4
Craniopharyngiomas are notoriously difficult to treat. Surgeons must weigh the risks of aggressive resection against the long-term challenges of recurrence. Because of their parasellar location, often extending well beyond the sella, these tumors challenge vision and pituitary and hypothalamic function. New techniques are needed to improve outcomes in patients with these tumors while decreasing treatment morbidity. An endoscopic expanded endonasal approach (EEA) is one such technique that warrants understanding and evaluation.
Radiosurgical ablation of the mesial temporal lobe structures can be used in the treatment of intractable temporal lobe epilepsy associated with mesial temporal sclerosis.
The development of delayed ischemia caused by cerebral vasospasm remains a common cause of morbidity and mortality after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.
As new clinical applications for deep brain stimulation (DBS) emerge and the number of patients with DBS systems continues to grow, lead technology will also advance
NEUROSURGERY IN THE future will witness an increasing influx of novel technologies, many of which will be based on developments in the emerging science of nanotechnology.
We compared long-term seizure outcome and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients who underwent epilepsy surgery and matched medically treated nonsurgical controls with intractable epilepsy.
To assess the impact of different surgical targets and techniques, such as ablation and deep brain stimulation, to treat patients with L-dopa-induced dyskinesia (LID), a major therapeutic complication of Parkinson's disease.
We studied the angiographic findings in patients with small epidural hematomas and cranial fractures crossing over the trajectory of the middle meningeal artery and its branches.
Spinal catheters are often inserted for treatment of cerebrospinal fluid leaks; however, they have recently been recommended for elective cerebrospinal fluid drainage to identify patients with possible normal pressure hydrocephalus who are most likely to respond to shunt surgery.
To study the expression and function of L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1), a major catalytic subunit of system L that is responsible for the transport of large neutral amino acids, including most essential amino acids, in concert with the covalently bound 4F2 heavy chain, and is implicated in tumorigenesis.
Device-related infection is a common complication of deep brain stimulator (DBS) implantation. We reviewed the incidence and management of early hardware-related infections in a large series.
THE MANAGEMENT OF aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage has evolved over time, including the use of the microscope for aneurysm clip application, improved imaging modalities, endovascular methods for aneurysm treatment, dedicated neurointensive care units, and more aggressive therapy for cerebral vasospasm.
Carotid artery stenting (CAS) and carotid endarterectomy (CEA) are currently being compared in ongoing randomized, controlled trials using postprocedural 30-day stroke rate, myocardial infarction, and mortality as primary endpoints.
Tremor and rigidity have been efficiently controlled by electrical stimulation of contralateral prelemniscal radiations (Raprl) in patients with unilateral Parkinson's disease.
Critical Care Medicine. 36(4):1290-1296, April 2008
Prolonged erythrocyte storage time might reduce the efficacy of transfusion. In this study, the effects of transfusion of erythrocytes with four different storage periods (<10 days, n = 18; 10-14 days, n = 15; 15-19 days, n = 17; and >19 days, n = 16 patients) on brain tissue oxygen tension (Ptio2) in stable male patients with severe traumatic brain injury were investigated during a 24-hr follow-up period.
To prospectively perform longitudinal magnetic resonance (MR) perfusion imaging of conservatively treated low-grade gliomas to determine whether relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) changes precede malignant transformation as defined by conventional MR imaging and clinical criteria.
Gli signaling is critical for central nervous system development and is implicated in tumorigenesis. To monitor Gli signaling in gliomas in vivo, we created platelet-derived growth factor-induced gliomas in a Gli-luciferase reporter mouse.
Current Opinion in Pediatrics. 20(2):172-177, April 2008
We remain far from achieving the goal of eliminating lead-associated neurodevelopmental morbidities in children. New evidence regarding the blood lead levels at which morbidities occur have led to calls for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to reduce the current screening guideline of 10 [mu]g/dl. The review evaluates the basis for these calls.
Journal of Neurotrauma. April 1, 2008, 25(4): 279-290
There is conflicting evidence regarding a possible association between the apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) allele and the consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI).
Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics April 2008 Volume 1, Number 4
Neocortical epilepsy in the absence of a tumor or vascular lesion is more resistant to surgical cure, with Class I outcomes relatively less common. We have used an aggressive approach in evaluation and operation. We assess our outcome and prognostic factors.
In recent years, 6-L-18F-fluorodihydroxyphenylalanine (18F-DOPA) PET has emerged as a new diagnostic tool for the imaging of neuroendocrine tumors. This application is based on the unique property of neuroendocrine tumors to produce and secrete various substances, a process that requires the uptake of metabolic precursors, which leads to the uptake of 18F-DOPA.
This meta-analysis explores the location and function of brain areas involved in social cognition, or the capacity to understand people's behavioral intentions, social beliefs, and personality traits. On the basis of over 200 fMRI studies, it tests alternative theoretical proposals that attempt to explain how several brain areas process information relevant for social cognition.
Multifocal functional magnetic resonance imaging has recently been introduced as an alternative method for retinotopic mapping, and it enables effective functional localization of multiple regions-of-interest in the visual cortex.
The extrastriate body area (EBA) is one among the multiple, functionally specialized regions of the human visual cortex exhibiting modulation by body-related stimuli.
Using fMRI, we compared the patterns of fusiform activity produced by viewing English and Chinese for readers who were either English speakers learning Chinese or Chinese-English bilinguals.
Applied to the nasal mucosa in low concentrations, nicotine vapor evokes odorous sensations (mediated by the olfactory system) whereas at higher concentrations nicotine vapor additionally produces burning and stinging sensations in the nose (mediated by the trigeminal system).
Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography. 32(2):293-297, March/April 2008
Parasagittal meningiomas (PSM) may pose a difficult surgical challenge because venous patency and collateral anastomoses have to be clearly defined for correct surgical planning.
Current Opinion in Pediatrics. 20(2):184-190, April 2008
To review the recent scientific literature examining the association of prenatal tobacco and postnatal secondhand smoke exposure and child neurodevelopment.
To explore significant factors behind the weak co-operation between local social insurance and unemployment agencies impairing the rehabilitation of unemployed sick-listed persons.
To examine the relative reliability and absolute reliability of the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and the Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients (PASS) in chronic stroke patients.
Spastic hemiplegia is a common feature after stroke, which can result in a clenched fist deformity with secondary hygienic problems and pain. Operative treatment can improve these problems, although literature about its long-term effects is lacking.
To compare outcomes for persons who were enrolled in an agency-directed personal assistance services (PAS) programme and then changed to a consumer-directed PAS programme.
Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis, Vol. 14, No. 2, 241-244 (2008)
By virtue of an understanding of hemostasis and coagulopathy using modern techniques, the exact role of individual serum protein in vascular thrombosis or hemorrhage becomes more apparent.
In animal models of acute ischemic stroke (AIS), the free radical-trapping agent NXY-059 showed promise as a neuroprotectant. SAINT I and II were randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trials to investigate the efficacy of NXY-059 in patients with AIS.
The relative efficacy has not been adequately established for the two catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors that are currently available for adjunctive therapy in Parkinson's disease; tolcapone and entacapone.
The aim of our study was to identify factors associated with stroke recurrence after an initial minor stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) in a prospective hospital-series.
Diabetes type 2 (DM2) is associated with accelerated cognitive decline and structural brain abnormalities. Macrovascular disease has been described as a determinant for brain MRI changes in DM2, but little is known about the involvement of other DM2-related factors.
Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics April 2008 Volume 1, Number 4
The malignant glioma is the most common primary brain tumor and its ability to invade the surrounding brain parenchyma is one of the main causes of tumor recurrence and treatment failures.
Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics April 2008 Volume 1, Number 4
Medulloblastoma, accounting for 25% of pediatric brain tumors, is the most common solid primary tumor of childhood. These tumors display cellular invasion into adjacent parenchyma and subsequently CSF causing metastasis and poor prognosis. The Rac1 GTPase has been shown to be essential for the invasiveness of several tumor types. We therefore investigated Rac1's role in medulloblastoma invasion and growth.
Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics April 2008 Volume 1, Number 4
The authors present the case of a 4-year-old boy in whom a medulloblastoma in the left cerebellar hemisphere was successfully resected with no signs of residual tumor on the postoperative magnetic resonance (MR) images.
Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics April 2008 Volume 1, Number 4
Pineal region tumors pose one of the most formidable technical challenges to neurosurgeons due to their deep location association with critical vascular structures and potential for significant surgical morbidity.
Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics April 2008 Volume 1, Number 4
Nonlesional extratemporal seizures present difficult treatment decisions in resective epilepsy surgery. Reported seizure outcomes vary and neurologic consequences of resection are manifold. Cognitive outcomes data on this population has been limited especially in children. This study attempts to expand our understanding of cognitive and seizure outcomes in children undergoing nonlesional extratemporal resections
Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics April 2008 Volume 1, Number 4
Brain tumors are the most common solid tumors of childhood. As treatment options such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy improve, and affected children's survival increases, the focus has shifted toward understanding long-term outcomes.
Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics April 2008 Volume 1, Number 4
Tumor may not be at the top of the differential diagnosis in children presenting with basal ganglia calcifications without significant mass effect and/or atrophy of the cerebral peduncle. We present a case series wherein such radiographic findings eventually proved to be related to germ cell tumors. These cases highlight potential pitfalls in the interpretation of these radiographic findings.
Journal of Neurosurgery April 2008 Volume 108, Number 4
Localization and targeting of depth electrodes in specific regions of the human brain is critical for accurate clinical diagnoses and treatment as well as for neuroscientific electrophysiological research. By using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging combined with 2D computational unfolding, the authors present a method that improves electrode localization in the medial temporal lobe.
Emergency Medicine Australasia, Volume 20, Number 2, April 2008 , pp. 180-182(3)
We present a case of 80-year-old man who had headache of 1-day duration and gross subdural haemorrhage in the absence of any history of noticeable trauma, leading to descending transtentorial herniation and secondary brain stem haemorrhages called Duret haemorrhages.
Few data exist on the determinants of return to paid work after stroke, yet participation in employment is vital to a person's mental well-being and role in society. This study aimed to determine the frequency and determinants of return to work, in particular the effect of early psychiatric morbidity, in a population-based study of stroke survivors.
Nitroimidazole imaging is a promising contender for noninvasive in vivo mapping of brain hypoxia after stroke. However, there is a dearth of knowledge about the behavior of these compounds in the various pathophysiologic situations encountered in ischemic stroke. In this article we report the findings from a systematic review of the literature on the use of the nitroimidazoles to map hypoxia after stroke.
For patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack caused by atherothromboembolism, immediate and long-term aspirin reduces the relative risk of recurrent stroke, MI, and death attributable to vascular causes.
To retrospectively compare different magnetic resonance (MR) imaging techniques and pulse sequences for the depiction of brain injury in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.
Primary heart tumors are rare and most of them are benign. The majority of benign cardiac tumors are myxomas, although almost all malignant cardiac tumors are sarcomas. Malignant cardiac tumors usually appear in children.
Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics April 2008 Volume 1, Number 4
While the treatment of medulloblastoma has improved, at least 30% of patients with this tumor die of progressive disease. Patients with CSF dissemination at any time in their course have an especially grim prognosis. We present data on the treatment of medulloblastoma with a modified measles virus. Tumor cell killing is accomplished in vitro on adherent cells and on cells growing in suspension.
Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics April 2008 Volume 1, Number 4
Primary meningeal osteosarcomas are rare tumors, with only 19 reported cases in the literature; only 4 of these, including the present case, are in pediatric patients. In this report, the authors present the case of an 8-year-old boy with a history of generalized tonic-clonic seizures who was found to harbor a meningeal osteosarcoma within the sylvian fissure.
Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics April 2008 Volume 1, Number 4
Ideal epilepsy surgery would eliminate seizures without causing any functional deficits. The aim of the present study was to assess seizure outcomes and complications after epilepsy surgery in children with intractable epilepsy.
Statins reduce the risk of stroke in at-risk populations and may improve outcomes in patients taking statins before an ischemic stroke (IS). Our objectives were to examine the effects of pretreatment with statins on poor outcome in IS patients.
To analyze the postural behavior of standing stroke patients: (1) To differentiate between postural impairment attributable to the neurological condition (deficits attributable to the cerebral lesion) and postural impairment attributable to new mechanical constraints caused by body weight asymmetry; (2) To assess the involvement of each limb in the postural impairment; (3) To better understand which clinical deficits underlie the postural impairment.
Coffee and tea consumption could potentially reduce the risk of stroke because these beverages have antioxidant properties, and coffee may improve insulin sensitivity. We examined the associations of coffee and tea consumption with risk of stroke subtypes.
To study the frequency of different gene mutations in patients with early-onset parkinsonism and bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) and the short- and long-term surgical outcome in mutation-positive (MUT+) and -negative (MUT-) patients.
This presentation was originally given as 'The Sullivan Lecture' at the International Spinal Cord Society Meeting in Reykjavik, Iceland on 30 June 2007.
To assess the effect of the oral phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitor, vardenafil, on ejaculation rates and self-confidence in men with spinal cord injury (SCI).
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