| 04/15/2006
11:19 AM
Cognitive neuroimaging Cognitive science out of the armchair
Brain and Cognition Volume 60, Issue 3 , April 2006, Pages 272-281
Cognitive scientists were not quick to embrace the functional neuroimaging technologies that emerged during the late 20th century. In this new century, cognitive scientists continue to question, not unreasonably, the relevance of functional neuroimaging investigations that fail to address questions of interest to cognitive science. However, some ultra-cognitive scientists assert that these experiments can never be of relevance to the study of cognition. Their reasoning reflects an adherence to a functionalist philosophy that arbitrarily and purposefully distinguishes mental information-processing systems from brain or brain-like operations. This article addresses whether data from properly conducted functional neuroimaging studies can inform and subsequently constrain the assumptions of theoretical cognitive models.
04/15/2006
11:18 AM
Cerebellar Ataxia With Spasmodic Cough
Arch Neurol. 2006;63:553-555
To describe Portuguese families with a peculiar pure form of dominant ataxia that, to our knowledge, has never been documented before and in which cerebellar signs are preceded by spasmodic cough.
04/15/2006
11:17 AM
Corpus Callosum Diffusion Anisotropy Correlates with Neuropsychological Outcomes in Twins Disconcordant for Traumatic Brain Injury
American Journal of Neuroradiology 27:879-881, April 2006
Conventional and diffusion tensor MR imaging studies in twins sustaining severe pediatric traumatic brain injury identified reduction in fractional anisotropy (FA) in all regions of the corpus callosum, particularly the posterior body, rostral body, and genu, relative to healthy cotwins. FA from the rostrum, genu, anterior body, posterior body, and isthmus were correlated with measures of reading speed and comprehension; verbal working memory and math fact retrieval scores were correlated only with the rostral body FA.
04/15/2006
11:16 AM
Adult epilepsy
The Lancet Volume 367, Issue 9516 , 1 April 2006-7 April 2006, Pages 1087-1100
The epilepsies are one of the most common serious brain disorders, can occur at all ages, and have many possible presentations and causes. Although incidence in childhood has fallen over the past three decades in developed countries, this reduction is matched by an increase in elderly people. Monogenic Mendelian epilepsies are rare. A clinical syndrome often has multiple possible genetic causes, and conversely, different mutations in one gene can lead to various epileptic syndromes. Most common epilepsies, however, are probably complex traits with environmental effects acting on inherited susceptibility, mediated by common variation in particular genes. Diagnosis of epilepsy remains clinical, and neurophysiological investigations assist with diagnosis of the syndrome. Brain imaging is making great progress in identifying the structural and functional causes and consequences of the epilepsies.
04/15/2006
11:15 AM
Relation of Pregnancy and Neonatal Factors to Subsequent Development of Childhood Epilepsy A Population-Based Cohort Study
PEDIATRICS Vol. 117 No. 4 April 2006, pp. 1298-1306
We examined the effect of pregnancy and neonatal factors on the subsequent development of childhood epilepsy in a population-based cohort study.
04/15/2006
11:14 AM
The Rise and Fall of Borax as an Antiepileptic Drug
Arch Neurol. 2006;63:621-622
Five hundred eighty-six patients with epilepsy were treated with borax (hydrated sodium tetraborate) between 1912 and 1948 at the Kolonien Filadelfia Epilepsy Hospital, Dianalund, Denmark. A rough estimation shows that less than 5% experienced a more than 50% reduction in the total number of seizures. Charts were reviewed to find a connection between the concept of Bacillus epilepticus (1916) and the so-called renaissance of borax treatment described in 1923, and to find an explanation for the popularity of this seemingly ineffective antiepileptic drug.
04/15/2006
11:13 AM
What is New in Stroke The Top 10 for 2004 2005
Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, Volume 54, Number 4, April 2006, pp. 674-679(6)
During the past decade, stroke has emerged from the dark ages of therapeutic nihilism to the current dawn of treatment activism, fueled by an unprecedented amount of high-quality clinical research. Here, the choices for the “Top 10” studies of 2004/05 influencing the management of patients with stroke and threatened stroke are reviewed. Nine are randomized, clinical trials involving a total of 61,810 participants. Three studies involved intracerebral hemorrhage, an important stroke subtype in which few trials have previously been carried out. Three studies involved acute treatment of stroke, and their results emphasize that “time is brain,” and minutes count, in management of acute ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. The 10th study was a longitudinal cohort analysis of participants with atrial fibrillation pooled from six clinical trials that validated predictive schemes to identify those who benefit most from anticoagulation. The practical management implications of these studies refine and improve care of geriatric patients with cerebrovascular disease.
04/15/2006
11:12 AM
Devic Disease With Brainstem Lesions
Arch Neurol. 2006;63:591-593
We describe a patient who suffered from an unusually severe form of neuromyelitis optica with a hyperacute time-course evolution requiring mechanical ventilation within 3 days. The patient died after 72 days and autopsy showed major spinal cord, optic nerve, and brainstem necrosis, and multifocal necrotic lesions on the cerebellum and cerebral white matter.
04/15/2006
11:11 AM
Cerebral white matter lesions predict both ischemic strokes and myocardial infarctions in patients with established atherosclerotic disease
Atherosclerosis Volume 186, Issue 1 , May 2006, Pages 166-172
Cerebral white matter lesions (WML) are regarded as manifestations of small vessel disease, but have also been associated with large vessel atherosclerosis. We investigated whether WML have a predictive value for future ischemic events.
04/15/2006
11:10 AM
Imaging Guided Acute Ischemic Stroke Therapy From Time Is Brain to Physiology Is Brain
American Journal of Neuroradiology 27:728-735, April 2006
The number of potential patients who are actually treated for acute ischemic stroke is disappointingly low, and effective treatments are making a minor impact on this major public health problem. Imaging is not regularly used to identify the ischemic penumbra, a key concept in stroke physiology, though it is capable of doing so in a clinically relevant manner. Evidence is accumulating that identification of the ischemic penumbra and making treatment decisions on the basis of its presence provide substantial benefit to patient outcomes. Moreover, the same studies suggest that an unexpectedly large proportion of patients are suitable for therapy well past the traditional time windows because of the existence of a substantial ischemic penumbra. Modern MR imaging and CT systems, now widely available, are capable of answering the most relevant physiologic questions in acute ischemic stroke. This capability presents new opportunities and responsibilities to neuroradiologists to make appropriate imaging readily available and to have the imaging data rapidly processed and interpreted. In this article, acute ischemic stroke therapy, including the role of imaging in current medical practice, is reviewed, and an evidence-based alternative to contemporary acute ischemic stroke therapy is suggested.
04/15/2006
11:09 AM
Propofol for Sedation in Neuro Intensive Care
Neurocritical Care February 2006, Volume 4, Issue 1, pps. 54-62
Interventions in the intensive care unit often require that the patient be sedated. Propofol is a widely used, potent sedative agent that is popular in critical care and operating room settings. In addition to its sedative qualities, propofol has neurovascular, neuroprotective, and electroencephalographical effects that are salutory in the patient in neurocritical care. However, the 15-year experience with this agent has not been entirely unbesmirched by controversy: propofol also has important adverse effects that must be carefully considered. This article discusses and reviews the pharmacology of propofol, with specific emphasis on its use as a sedative in the neuro-intensive care unit. A detailed explanation of central nervous system and cardiovascular mechanisms is presented. Additionally, the article reviews the literature specifically pertaining to neurocritical care use of propofol.
04/15/2006
11:08 AM
Triple H Therapy for Cerebral Vasospasm Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Neurocritical Care February 2006, Volume 4, Issue 1, pps. 68-76
The combination of induced hypertension, hypervolemia, and hemodilution (triple-H therapy) is often utilized to prevent and treat cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Although this paradigm has gained widespread acceptance over the past 20 years, the efficacy of triple-H therapy and its precise role in the management of the acute phase of SAH remains uncertain. In addition, triple-H therapy may carry significant medical morbidity, including pulmonary edema, myocardial ischemia, hyponatremia, renal medullary washout, indwelling catheter-related complications, cerebral hemorrhage, and cerebral edema. This review examines the evi dence underlying the implementation of triple-H therapy, and makes practical recommendations for the use of this therapy in patients with aneurysmal SAH.
04/15/2006
11:07 AM
A Longitudinal Immunohistochemical Study of the Healing of Experimental Aneurysms After Embolization with Platinum Coils
American Journal of Neuroradiology 27:736-741, April 2006
The purpose of this study was to probe the cellular mechanism of healing in aneurysms after platinum coil embolization, by using multiple special stains and immunolabels.
04/15/2006
11:06 AM
Follow Up of Intracranial Aneurysms Selectively Treated with Coils Prospective Evaluation of Contrast Enhanced MR Angiography
American Journal of Neuroradiology 27:744-749, April 2006
The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility and usefulness of contrast-enhanced MR angiography (CE-MRA) for the follow-up of intracranial aneurysms treated with detachable coils, by comparing CE-MRA with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and 3D time-of- flight (TOF) MRA.
04/15/2006
11:05 AM
Ellipsoid Approximation versus 3D Rotational Angiography in the Volumetric Assessment of Intracranial Aneurysms
American Journal of Neuroradiology 27:839-842, April 2006
The purpose of this study was to compare the volumetric results of intracranial aneurysms obtained by calculation of the volume of an ellipsoid with those obtained with 3D rotational angiography (3D-RA).
04/15/2006
11:04 AM
Cerebellar Ataxia With Progressive Improvement
Arch Neurol. 2006;63:594-597
Nonprogressive cerebellar ataxias are characterized by a persistent, nonprogressive ataxia associated with cognitive impairment. Cerebellar hypoplasia on imaging is variable but is not predictive of the degree of ataxia or cognitive impairment.
04/15/2006
11:03 AM
Outcome of decompressive craniectomy for large middle cerebral artery territory infarctions a retrospective review
Critical Care 2006, 10(Suppl 1):P459
The mortality from large space-occupying infarctions involving the middle cerebral artery (MCA) has been reported as 55–80% despite maximal medical treatment, including barbiturate coma, mannitol and hyperventilation. Patients are typically alert on admission to hospital but deteriorate within 1–3 days from severe brain swelling leading to raised intracranial pressure
(ICP), brain herniation and death. Decompressive craniectomy (DC) has been reported to improve survival and functional outcomes following large MCA infarctions.
04/15/2006
11:02 AM
Longitudinal Follow up of Families and Young Children With Traumatic Brain Injury
PEDIATRICS Vol. 117 No. 4 April 2006, pp. 1291-1297
To examine the stability of functional outcomes 2 years after injury among children who sustained a traumatic brain injury (TBI) before 2 years of age and to examine the characteristics of the families caring for these children.
04/15/2006
11:00 AM
Protracted Ictal Confusion in Elderly Patients
Arch Neurol. 2006;63:529-532
Ictal confusion, particularly if protracted, often presents a diagnostic challenge.
04/15/2006
10:59 AM
Stroke and Memory Performance in Elderly Persons Without Dementia
Arch Neurol. 2006;63:571-576
There are conflicting data showing that stroke is associated with a higher risk of dementia and a more severe decline in persons with cognitive impairment. However, it remains unclear if cerebrovascular disease is directly related to cognitive decline in the absence of cognitive impairment or dementia.
04/14/2006
10:31 AM
Intracranial Penetration of a Glass Piece Through the Temporal Region in Civilian Head Injury
Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care. 60(4):891-893, April 2006
04/14/2006
10:29 AM
Functional Status and Quality of Life in Survivors of Injury Treated at Tertiary Trauma Centers What Are We Neglecting
Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care. 60(4):806-813, April 2006
The purpose of this study was to describe the functional status and quality of life (QOL) of patients at 12 months after injury.
04/14/2006
10:27 AM
The Delivery of Critical Care Services in US Trauma Centers: Is the Standard Being Met
Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care. 60(4):773-784, April 2006
Although there is substantial evidence supporting the benefits of an intensivist model of critical care delivery, the extent to which this model has been adopted by trauma centers across the United States is unknown. We set out to evaluate how critical care is delivered in Level I and II trauma centers and the extent to which these centers implement evidence-based patient care practices known to improve outcome.
04/14/2006
10:26 AM
Global and regional volume changes in the brains of patients with phenylketonuria
NEUROLOGY 2006;66:1074-1078
Although phenylketonuria is a treatable disease, patients with late or nonoptimal phenylalanine-restricted diet may experience brain damage. The authors used tridimensional MRI and a voxelwise analysis method to investigate possible volume changes in the brain parenchyma of patients with phenylketonuria.
04/14/2006
10:24 AM
Use of dexmedetomidine in awake craniotomy in adolescents report of two cases
Paediatric Anaesthesia, Volume 16, Number 3, March 2006, pp. 338-342(5)
Awake craniotomy is a key tool in resection of lesions near critical functional regions, particularly the speech area. Craniotomy with an awake portion for mapping may be performed in carefully selected adolescents and preteenaged children. A number of different regimens may be used for sedation and anesthesia in these cases. We describe two adolescent patients in whom awake craniotomy was performed using an intravenous anesthesia technique with dexmedetomidine and without need for airway instrumentation.
04/14/2006
10:23 AM
The Current Etiologic Profile and Neurodevelopmental Outcome of Seizures in Term Newborn Infants
PEDIATRICS Vol. 117 No. 4 April 2006, pp. 1270-1280
The objectives of this study were to delineate the etiologic profile and neurodevelopmental outcome of neonatal seizures in the current era of neonatal intensive care and to identify predictors of neurodevelopmental outcome in survivors.
04/14/2006
10:21 AM
Fetal hypoxic and ischemic injuries
Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology. 18(2):112-122, April 2006
The principles of neonatal neurological protection following intrapartum hypoxia are briefly reviewed. The physiological principles behind the use of cardiotocograph patterns in defining the timing and mechanism of fetal hypoxia and injury are then demonstrated.
04/13/2006
07:52 AM
Turning a stroke into a TIA: curative thrombolysis with combined intravenous and intra arterial tPA
Canadian Journal of Emergency medicine Vol. 8, No. 1, January
Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is standard treatment for eligible patients with acute ischemic stroke, but may be less effective for very severe strokes caused by proximal intracranial artery occlusions. We report the case of a woman with a devastating stroke who recovered completely following emergency revascularization of an occluded proximal middle cerebral artery using a novel treatment approach that combines both intravenous (IV) and intra-arterial (IA) tPA. This case illustrates the potential value of the combined IV-IA thrombolytic approach, which is an emerging investigational treatment strategy for selected patients with severe acute ischemic stroke.
04/13/2006
07:56 AM
Anesthetic management of staged separation of craniopagus conjoined twins
Paediatric Anaesthesia, Volume 16, Number 3, March 2006, pp. 347-351(5)
We present a case of successful separation of craniopagus conjoined twins. The procedure was staged to permit each child to develop adequate independent cerebral venous drainage and to prevent deleterious, perioperative cerebral edema. Surgical hemorrhage, blood product delivery, and hemodilution were minimized.
04/13/2006
07:55 AM
Postoperative seizures after extratemporal resections and hemispherectomy in pediatric epilepsy
NEUROLOGY 2006;66:1038-1043
To estimate frequency and risk factors for acute postoperative seizures (APOS) within the first week after extratemporal cortical resection (ETR) and hemispherectomy (HS) in children and to assess the predictive value of APOS on long-term seizure outcome in this group.
04/13/2006
07:54 AM
Widespread and intense BOLD changes during brief focal electrographic seizures
NEUROLOGY 2006;66:1049-1055
Combined recording of EEG and fMRI has shown changes in blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal during focal interictal epileptic spikes. Due to difficult assessment of seizures inside the scanner little is known about BOLD changes during seizures.
04/12/2006
03:00 PM
Hippocampal atrophy in temporal lobe epilepsy is correlated with limbic systems atrophy
Journal of Neurology Volume 253, Number 3 March 2006 294 - 300
Hippocampal sclerosis in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is often associated with hippocampal atrophy. This study assessed whether such atrophy is correlated with loss of gray matter volume in other brain regions.
04/12/2006
02:58 PM
Brain Screen A self referral screening program for strokes falls and dementia risk factors
Journal of Neurology March 2006 Volume 253, Number 3 307 - 315
Falls, strokes and dementia can be predicted and their occurrence can be delayed or even prevented by treatment of risk factors. The value of screening self–referred adults is unknown.
04/12/2006
01:39 PM
Hippocampal Volume PTSD and Alcoholism in Combat Veterans
American Journal of Psychiatry 163:674-681, April 2006
Studies imposing rigorous control over lifetime alcohol intake have usually not found smaller hippocampal volumes in persons with posttraumatic stress disorder. Because the majority of negative studies have used adolescent samples, it has been suggested that chronicity is a necessary condition for such findings. To test the hypothesis that a smaller hippocampus in PTSD is unrelated to comorbid alcoholism or to chronicity, this study estimated hippocampal volume in a relatively large group (N=99) of combat veterans in which PTSD, lifetime alcohol abuse/dependence, and Vietnam versus Gulf War service were crossed. In subjects with histories of alcoholism, unadjusted hippocampal volume was 9% smaller in persons with PTSD than in those without PTSD. In nonalcoholic subjects, the PTSD-related difference in hippocampal volume was 3%. The failure to observe a strong association between PTSD and hippocampal volume in nonalcoholic subjects was not ascribable to younger age, reduced PTSD chronicity, or lower PTSD symptom severity. The possibility that smaller hippocampal volume is limited to groups in which PTSD is compounded by comorbid alcoholism is not necessarily incompatible with results suggesting a smaller hippocampus is predispositional to PTSD. Further examination of the role of alcoholism and other comorbid conditions in studies of brain structure and function in PTSD appears warranted.
04/11/2006
04:19 PM
Hemorrhagic Transformation And A New Ischemic Accident During Thrombolysis Treatment With rtPA
The Internet Journal of Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine
Administration of intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activation ( rtPA ) administered within 3 hours of symptom onset is an effective therapy for acute ischemic stroke ( 1 , 2 ). The efficacy of thrombolysis has been demonstrated despite an increased risk of severe hemorrhagic transformation (HT) in patient treated with rtPA. ( 3 ) We report a case of acute ischemic stroke in a woman who during thrombolysis treatment with rtPA suffered an intracerebral haemorrhage and a new ischemic stroke on the opposite side.
04/11/2006
04:04 PM
Atypical Presentation with Good Outcome in a Bilateral Paramedian Thalamic Infarction
Journal of Neurological Sciences (Turkish) 2006, Volume 23, Number 1, Page(s) 054-058
Bilateral paramedian thalamic infarction is rare. We describe a patient without the previously reported cardinal features of vertical gaze paresis, decreased vigilance, mood changes, and memory problems that accompany bilateral paramedian thalamic infarction.
04/11/2006
04:02 PM
Is Total Sialic Acid A Marker For Stroke
Journal of Neurological Sciences (Turkish) 2006, Volume 23, Number 1, Page(s) 014-019
The objective of our study is to investigate the changes in the serum total sialic acid in patients with stroke.
04/11/2006
04:00 PM
Thrombolytic Therapy in Acute Ischemic Stroke - Basic Concepts
Current Vascular Pharmacology, Volume 4, Number 1, January 2006, pp. 31-44(14)
Thrombolytic therapy with alteplase in acute ischemic stroke is currently established within 3 h from symptom onset in carefully selected patients. Expansion of the time window is being assessed in trials with alteplase and desmoteplase. Also, tenecteplase, reteplase and staphylokinase are being evaluated in stroke patients. A better understanding of the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems may provide insight into drug development, interactions, complications, and may ultimately improve patient triage and treatment regimens. Future adjuvant and additional therapies could prove useful for patients who do not benefit from standard thrombolytic treatment or may augment the overall gain.
04/11/2006
03:59 PM
Vecuronium in a patient with late cerebellar cortical atrophy
Journal of Clinical Anesthesia Volume 18, Issue 2 , March 2006, Pages 145-147
Little information is available regarding the sensitivity to neuromuscular blocking drugs in patients with spinocerebellar degeneration and associated diseases. We report the response to vecuronium in a patient with late cerebellar cortical atrophy, a nonhereditary type of cerebellar ataxia. Onset time and time to 25% recovery of T1/T0 after vecuronium 0.1 mg · kg-1 under sevoflurane anesthesia were 156 seconds and 43 minutes, respectively. Recovery index was 27 minutes. We believe this is the first report describing a response to neuromuscular blocking drugs in this disease.
04/11/2006
09:36 AM
Prophylactic antibiotic for prevention of posttraumatic meningitis after traumatic pneumocephalus design and rationale of a placebo controlled randomized multicenter trial
Trials 2006, 7:2 doi:10.1186/1745-6215-7-2
The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotic for prevention of meningitis in acute traumatic pneumocephalus patients. The authors hope that this study helps clarifying the effectiveness and indications of antibiotics in prevention of meningitis in traumatic pneumocephalus after head injury and in specific subgroup of these patients.
04/11/2006
09:35 AM
Neuronal Nos Nos1 Polymorphism in Patients With Epilepsy A Pilot Study
Journal of Neurological Sciences (Turkish) 2006, Volume 23, Number 1, Page(s) 020-025
Neuronal NOS (NOS) is widely produced in the brain from L-arginine catalysed by neuronal nitric oxide synthase. It has been identified as a multifunctional messenger molecule in the central nervous system (CNS) and it has been involved in synaptic plasticity, neurotransmitter release, neuronal damage, and neuroprotective events. The role of nNOS gene polymorphism in epilepsy is questioned in this study.
04/11/2006
09:28 AM
Thoracic Epidural Cavernous Haemangioma A Case Report
Journal of Neurological Sciences (Turkish) 2006, Volume 23, Number 1, Page(s) 059-062
Cavernous haemangiomas are rare, benign vascular malformations of craniospinal nervous system. Epidural spinal cavernous haemangiomas are rarer than their intracerebral and vertebral counterparts. This article discusses the clinical presentation and differential diagnosis of spinal cavernous haemangiomas.
04/11/2006
09:27 AM
Links Between Temperamental Dimensions and Brain Monoamines in the Rat
Behavioral Neuroscience - Volume 120(1) - Page 85
In 27 female Wistar rats, the authors obtained composite scores on harm avoidance and novelty seeking, as well as 57 measures of monoamines and metabolites from 10 different brain regions. A multivariate regression method was used to discover associations between individual differences in temperament and neurochemistry. Harm-avoidant subjects had low levels of striatal dopamine and high levels of cortical norepinephrine and amygdaloid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. High novelty-seeking scores were linked to low levels of brainstem serotonin and dopamine and to low levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in amygdala and accumbens. Moreover, rats scoring high on novelty seeking had higher-than-average levels of norepinephrine in the thalamus and amygdala and of serotonin in the amygdala.
04/11/2006
09:26 AM
The Effects of Orbital Frontal Cortex Damage on the Modulation of Defensive Responses by Rats in Playful and Nonplayful Social Contexts
Behavioral Neuroscience - Volume 120(1) - Page 72
In a series of 3 experiments on rats, 2 hypotheses were tested: (a) that damage to the orbital frontal cortex (OFC) would alter the socially relevant context for executing defensive responses but not their performance and (b) that damage done to the OFC in early infancy would produce more deficits in social behavior than similar damage occurring in adulthood. Bilateral or unilateral OFC damage in adult males did not impair their ability to defend themselves during play fighting and when protecting their food but did impair their ability to modify the pattern of defense in response to different partners. Rats that sustained bilateral damage at 3 days of age not only had deficits in partner-related modulation of defense but also exhibited hyperactivity in their play. The findings thus supported the proposed hypotheses.
04/11/2006
09:25 AM
Lateralization of the Startle Reflex Circuit in Humans An Examination With Monaural Probes Following Unilateral Temporal Lobe Resection
Behavioral Neuroscience - Volume 120(1) - Page 24
Startle reflex (SR) modulation elicited by monaural probes during affective picture viewing was investigated in patients following left temporal lobectomy (LTL; n = 8) and right temporal lobectomy (RTL; n = 10) and in controls (n = 18). All patients had undergone anteromedial temporal lobe (ATL) resection. LTL participants exhibited attenuated overall SR magnitude. Affective SR modulation in controls was significant for left ear probes, at both eyes, but not for right ear probes. RTL but not LTL participants displayed significant startle attenuation during pleasant picture viewing. Results suggest that monaural startle probes primarily activate structures in the ipsilateral ATL and that the ATLs are interconnected, with the left ATL more critical in perceiving arousing properties of affective stimuli, necessary for affective SR modulation.
04/07/2006
03:20 PM
The Relation Between Ankle Impairments and Gait Velocity and Symmetry in People With Stroke
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Volume 87, Issue 4 , April 2006, Pages 562-568
To identify the most important factor among the ankle impairments on gait velocity and symmetry in stroke patients.
04/07/2006
03:17 PM
A comparison of bispectral index and entropy monitoring, in patients undergoing embolization of cerebral artery aneurysms after subarachnoid haemorrhage
British Journal of Anaesthesia 2006 96(5):590-596
Processed EEG monitoring of anaesthetic depth could be useful in patients receiving general anaesthesia following subarachnoid haemorrhage. We conducted an observational study comparing performance characteristics of bispectral index (BIS) and entropy monitoring systems in these patients.
04/06/2006
01:56 PM
The incidence and severity of injury in children hospitalised for traumatic brain injury in Kashmir
Injury Volume 37, Issue 5 , May 2006, Pages 410-415
A large number of people experience traumatic brain injury each year, often with severe consequences. This is a public health problem that requires ongoing surveillance to follow trends in the incidence, risk factors, causes, and outcomes of these injuries. In 2003, a prospective study of all children below 15 years admitted to hospitals with a diagnosis of head injury was conducted in the Accident & Emergency Department of Sher-e-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar (India) to determine the incidence and severity of accidental head injury among children and the circumstances of injury.
04/06/2006
01:55 PM
Neurosurgical operations with the patient in sitting position analysis of risk factors using transcranial Doppler sonography
British Journal of Anaesthesia 2006 96(4):467-472
One major risk factor of the sitting position for neurosurgery is air embolism, especially in patients with persistent foramen ovale (PFO). The first aim of this prospective study was to evaluate a bedside method for detecting PFO using transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) with contrast medium. A second aim was to address intraoperative monitoring, patient positioning and the occurrence and clinical relevance of air embolism.
04/06/2006
01:53 PM
Correlation of systemic protein S100B levels with postoperative indicators of neurological damage in supratentorial meningioma surgery
Critical Care 2006, 10(Suppl 1):P465
Elevated plasma levels of S100ß, an astrocyte-derived protein, correlate with neurological deterioration after cardiac surgery [1] and with poor survival following hypoxia [2] and neurotrauma [3] but remain unexplored during elective meningioma surgery. We hypothesized that S100ß levels correlate with this tumor's preoperative characteristics and with perioperative neurological injury despite its supratentorial location and non-neural origin.
04/06/2006
01:51 PM
MDMA polydrug users show process-specific central executive impairments coupled with impaired social and emotional judgement processes
Journal of Psychopharmacology, Vol. 20, No. 3, 385-388 (2006)
In recent years working memory deficits have been reported in users of MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, ecstasy). The current study aimed to assess the impact of MDMA use on three separate central executive processes (set shifting, inhibition and memory updating) and also on 'prefrontal' mediated social and emotional judgement processes. Fifteen polydrug ecstasy users and 15 polydrug non-ecstasy user controls completed a general drug use questionnaire, the Brixton Spatial Anticipation task (set shifting), Backward Digit Span procedure (memory updating), Inhibition of Return (inhibition), an emotional intelligence scale, the Tromso Social Intelligence Scale and the Dysexecutive Questionnaire (DEX). Compared with MDMA-free polydrug controls, MDMA polydrug users showed impairments in set shifting and memory updating, and also in social and emotional judgement processes. The latter two deficits remained significant after controlling for other drug use. These data lend further support to the proposal that cognitive processes mediated by the prefrontal cortex may be impaired by recreational ecstasy use.
04/06/2006
01:50 PM
Oxygen Consumption During Machine Assisted and Unassisted Walking A Pilot Study in Hemiplegic and Healthy Humans
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Volume 87, Issue 4 , April 2006, Pages 482-489
To determine whether a gait-training (GT) machine influenced walking time duration and oxygen consumption in hemiplegic patients.
04/06/2006
01:49 PM
Does Therapeutic Facilitation Add to Locomotor Outcome of Body Weight Supported Treadmill Training in Nonambulatory Patients With Stroke A Randomized Controlled Trial
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Volume 87, Issue 4 , April 2006, Pages 529-535
To assess benefit of the facilitation technique (FT) coupled with body weight–supported treadmill training
(BWSTT) in nonambulatory patients with stroke.
04/06/2006
01:48 PM
Neuromuscular Electric Stimulation Effect on Lower Extremity Motor Recovery and Gait Kinematics of Patients With Stroke A Randomized Controlled Trial
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Volume 87, Issue 4 , April 2006, Pages 536-540
To evaluate the effects of neuromuscular electric stimulation (NMES) of the tibialis anterior muscle on motor recovery and gait kinematics of patients with stroke.
04/06/2006
01:46 PM
Role of COL4A1 in Small Vessel Disease and Hemorrhagic Stroke
New England Journal of Medicine Volume 354:1489-1496 April 6, 2006 Number 14
Small-vessel diseases of the brain underlie 20 to 30 percent of ischemic strokes and a larger proportion of intracerebral hemorrhages. In this report, we show that a mutation in the mouse Col4a1 gene, encoding procollagen type IV 1, predisposes both newborn and adult mice to intracerebral hemorrhage. Surgical delivery of mutant mice alleviated birth-associated trauma and hemorrhage. We identified a COL4A1 mutation in a human family with small-vessel disease. We concluded that mutation of COL4A1 may cause a spectrum of cerebrovascular phenotypes and that persons with COL4A1 mutations may be predisposed to hemorrhage, especially after environmental stress.
04/06/2006
01:44 PM
Radiation-induced carotid artery stenosis
ENT Journal
A 78-year-old man presented with a medical history significant for squamous cell carcinoma involving the right auricle and ipsilateral cervical metastases. He was first diagnosed in 1983 and had been treated with primary radiotherapy: 7,000 rads to the right neck, 5,400 rads to the right supraclavicular fossa, and 6,600 rads to the ear and upper neck. In 2001, he suffered a right hemispheric stroke.
04/06/2006
01:42 PM
The Association of Balance Capacity and Falls Self-Efficacy With History of Falling in Community Dwelling People With Chronic Stroke
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation volume 87, Issue 4 , April 2006, Pages 554-561
To describe the frequency of falls; to relate capacity-based and self-efficacy measures to fall history; and to determine to what extent capacity-based and self-efficacy measures are explained by subject characteristics and stroke impairments.
04/06/2006
01:41 PM
The Effect of Visual Biofeedback on the Propulsion Effectiveness of Experienced Wheelchair Users
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Volume 87, Issue 4 , April 2006, Pages 510-515
To determine the effect of visual feedback on the propulsion effectiveness of experienced manual wheelchair users.
04/06/2006
08:24 AM
A polymorphism in the EAAT2 promoter is associated with higher glutamate concentrations and higher frequency of progressing stroke
Journal of Experimental Medicine Volume 203, Number 3, 711-717
It remains unclear why some individuals are susceptible to excitotoxicity after stroke. A possible explanation is impaired glutamate uptake. We have found a highly prevalent polymorphism in the promoter of the glutamate transporter EAAT2 gene that abolishes a putative regulatory site for activator protein–2 (AP-2) and creates a new consensus binding site for the repressor transcription factor GC-binding factor 2 (GCF2). The mutant genotype is associated with increased plasma glutamate concentrations and with a higher frequency of early neurological worsening in human stroke. After transfection into
astrocytes, the mutant promoter was not activated by AP-2 and was effectively repressed by GCF2, and its activity in the presence of GCF2 was reduced when compared with the AP-2–cotransfected wild-type promoter. We also show that GCF2 is expressed in ischemic rat brain, suggesting that decreased glutamate uptake occurs in individuals carrying the mutation after stroke. These findings may explain individual susceptibility to excitotoxic damage after stroke as well as the failure of glutamate antagonists in those patients without this polymorphism.
04/06/2006
08:22 AM
What Can We Learn From Functional Neuroimaging in Children
Indian Pediatrics 2006; 43:203-206
Although the primary imaging modality in the management of neurological disorders in children is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional neuroimaging often provides complementary information and, in a number of situations, provides unique information that cannot be obtained with MRI. The functional neuroimaging methods most commonly used in children include positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) but, technically, functional MRI (fMRI) and MR spectroscopy (MRS) as well as MR methods being developed to evaluate cerebral blood flow might also be classified under the category of functional imaging.
04/05/2006
12:48 PM
Health Care Utilization and Needs After Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury
PEDIATRICS Vol. 117 No. 4 April 2006, pp. e663-e674
Children with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) show early neurobehavioral deficits that can persist several years after injury. Despite the negative impact that TBI can have on a child's physical, cognitive, and psychosocial well-being, only 1 study to date has documented the receipt of health care services after acute care and the needs of children after TBI. The purpose of this study was to document the health care use and needs of children after a TBI and to identify factors that are associated with unmet or unrecognized health care needs during the first year after injury.
04/05/2006
12:56 PM
Protecting human subjects in neurosurgical trials The challenge of psychogenic dystonia
Contemporary Clinical Trials Volume 27, Issue 2 , April 2006, Pages 161-164
The discomfort and suffering of medically refractory organic dystonia has lead to the pursuit of new potential treatment interventions, namely, pallidotomy and deep brain stimulation (DBS). The risks inherent in surgical procedures require a heightened awareness to the need for protecting the welfare of research subjects participating in surgical trials. To this end, excluding patients who are not appropriate candidates is a key part of the trial process. We argue that psychogenic dystonia, a condition that is both difficult to diagnose and difficult to treat, should be an exclusion criterion for DBS therapy, and neurosurgery in general. However, since there exists no definitive test for psychogenic dystonia, researchers must determine fair and just criteria for excluding patients whose dystonia is suspected to be primarily psychogenic.
04/05/2006
12:55 PM
Injuring neurons induces neuronal differentiation in a population of hippocampal precursor cells in culture
Neurobiology of Disease Volume 22, Issue 1 , April 2006, Pages 88-97
A novel population of hippocampal precursor cells (HPCs) that can be induced to differentiate into astrocytes and oligodendrocytes can be derived from hippocampal cultures grown in serum-free media. The HPCs are PDGF-responsive, do not proliferate with bFGF, and grow as sheets of cells rather than gathering into neurospheres. The HPCs share many markers (A2B5, GD3, poly-sialylated neuronal common adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM), and NG2) with oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). The HPCs do not express markers for mature neurons, astrocytes, or oligodendrocytes. Like OPCs, the HPCs differentiate into glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)+ astrocytes and GalC+ oligodendrocytes with the addition of bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4) and triiodothyronine (T3), respectively.
04/05/2006
12:52 PM
Thrombin induced delayed injury involves multiple and distinct signaling pathways in the cerebral cortex and the striatum in organotypic slice cultures
Neurobiology of Disease Volume 22, Issue 1 , April 2006, Pages 130-142
Thrombin, a serine protease essential for blood coagulation, also plays an important role in cellular injury associated with intracerebral hemorrhage. Here, we show that, in organotypic cortico-striatal slice cultures, thrombin evoked delayed neuronal injury in the cerebral cortex and shrinkage of the striatum. These effects were prevented by cycloheximide and actinomycin D but not by a caspase-3 inhibitor. Thrombin-induced shrinkage of the striatum was abolished by a thrombin inhibitor argatroban or prior heat inactivation of thrombin, and significantly attenuated by a protease-activated receptor-1 antagonist FR171113. However, thrombin-induced cortical injury was not prevented either by heat inactivation or by FR171113, and was only partially inhibited by argatroban. In addition, inhibition of extracelluar signal-regulated kinase (ERK), Src tyrosine kinase and protein kinase C prevented both neuronal injury in the cortex and shrinkage of the striatum, whereas inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase prevented shrinkage of the striatum only. Thrombin treatment promptly induced phosphorylation of ERK, which was not prevented by inhibition of Src and protein kinase C. Thus, thrombin induces cellular injury in the cerebral cortex and the striatum, by recruiting multiple and distinct signaling pathways in protease activity-independent as well as dependent manner.
04/05/2006
12:51 PM
Epileptiform activity preferentially arises outside tumor invasion zone in glioma xenotransplants
Neurobiology of Disease Volume 22, Issue 1 , April 2006, Pages 64-75
Seizures occur commonly with brain tumors. The underlying mechanisms are not understood. We analyzed network and cellular excitability changes in tumor-invaded and sham neocortical tissue in vitro using a rat glioblastoma model. Rat C6 glioma cells were transplanted into rat neocortex, yielding diffusely invading gliomas resembling human glioblastomas. We hypothesized that network excitability would increase in regions neighboring the tumor, and that initiation of epileptic discharges might be correlated to a higher density of intrinsically bursting neurones.
04/05/2006
12:51 PM
Enriched environment and spatial learning enhance hippocampal neurogenesis and salvages ischemic penumbra after focal cerebral ischemia
Neurobiology of Disease Volume 22, Issue 1 , April 2006, Pages 187-198
Enriched environment (EE) has been shown to increase neurogenesis in the adult brain. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of EE and spatial learning on neurogenesis following ischemic stroke. Male adult SD rats were subjected to sham surgery or distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). MCAO induced a transient increase followed by a sustained depression of progenitor cell proliferation and neuroblast production below baseline level in both ipsilateral and contralateral DG compared to sham. Increased neuronal differentiation and neurogenesis in the DG were observed in both sham and MCAO rats following 8 weeks in the EE combined with spatial learning, compared to rats housed in the standard environment. EE/Learning also restored the total number of neuroblasts in the DG after MCAO compared to sham. Furthermore, EE/learning enhanced the density of NeuN positive cells in the ischemic penumbra, though no new neurons were detected in this region.
04/05/2006
12:48 PM
Stroke mortality and the apoB apoA I ratio results of the AMORIS prospective study
Journal of Internal Medicine, Volume 259, Number 3, March 2006, pp. 259-266(8)
LDL cholesterol is a well-established risk factor for myocardial infarction, but not for stroke. The main objective of the present study was to determine if the risk of stroke is related to the balance between the proatherogenic apoB lipoprotein particles and the antiatherogenic apoA-I particles as is the case for myocardial infarction. Subjects and design.
04/05/2006
12:46 PM
Reduced Fractional Anisotropy on Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging After Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy
PEDIATRICS Vol. 117 No. 4 April 2006, pp. e619-e630
Apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) that are measured by diffusion-weighted imaging are reduced in severe white matter (WM) and in some severe basal ganglia and thalamic (BGT) injury in infants who present with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). However, ADC values may pseudonormalize or even be high during this time in some less severe but clinically significant injuries. We hypothesized that fractional anisotropy (FA), a measure of the directional diffusivity of water made using diffusion tensor imaging, may be abnormal in these less severe injuries; therefore, the objective of this study was to use diffusion tensor imaging to measure ADC and FA in infants with moderate and severe hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.
04/05/2006
12:45 PM
Is selective mutism associated with deficits in memory span and visual memory an exploratory case control study
Depression and Anxiety Volume 23, Issue 2 , Pages 71 - 76
Our main aim in this study was to explore the association between selective mutism (SM) and aspects of nonverbal cognition such as visual memory span and visual memory. Auditory-verbal memory span was also examined. The etiology of SM is unclear, and it probably represents a heterogeneous condition. SM is associated with language impairment, but nonspecific neurodevelopmental factors, including motor problems, are also reported in SM without language impairment. Furthermore, SM is described in Asperger's syndrome. Studies on nonverbal cognition in SM thus merit further investigation. Neuropsychological tests were administered to a clinical sample of 32 children and adolescents with SM (ages 6-17 years, 14 boys and 18 girls) and 62 nonreferred controls matched for age, gender, and socioeconomic status. We used independent t-tests to compare groups with regard to auditory-verbal memory span, visual memory span, and visual memory (Benton Visual Retention Test), and employed linear regression analysis to study the impact of SM on visual memory, controlling for IQ and measures of language and motor function. The SM group differed from controls on auditory-verbal memory span but not on visual memory span. Controlled for IQ, language, and motor function, the SM group did not differ from controls on visual memory. Motor function was the strongest predictor of visual memory performance. SM does not appear to be associated with deficits in visual memory span or visual memory. The reduced auditory-verbal memory span supports the association between SM and language impairment.
04/04/2006
07:27 AM
Mechanoporation Induced by Diffuse Traumatic Brain Injury An Irreversible or Reversible Response to Injury
The Journal of Neuroscience, March 22, 2006, 26(12):3130-3140
Diffuse traumatic brain injury (DTBI) is associated with neuronal plasmalemmal disruption, leading to either necrosis or reactive change without cell death. This study examined whether enduring membrane perturbation consistently occurs, leading to cell death, or if there is the potential for transient perturbation followed by resealing/recovery.
04/04/2006
07:33 AM
EphB3 An Endogenous Mediator of Adult Axonal Plasticity and Regrowth after CNS Injury
The Journal of Neuroscience, March 22, 2006, 26(12):3087-3101
Endogenous mechanisms underlying the remodeling of neuronal circuitry after mammalian CNS injury or disease remain primarily unknown. Here, we investigated axonal plasticity after optic nerve injury and found that macrophages recruited into the injury site and adult retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons, which undergo injury-induced sprouting and terminal remodeling, were linked by their respective expression of a ligand and receptor pair active in axon guidance. Recruited macrophages specifically upregulated mRNA encoding the guidance molecule EphB3 and expressed EphB proteins capable of binding Ephrin B molecules in vivo and in vitro. Injured adult RGC axons in turn expressed EphrinB3, a known receptor for EphB3, and RGC axons bound recombinant EphB3 protein injected into the optic nerve. In vitro, EphB3 supported adult RGC axon outgrowth, and axons turned toward a source of this guidance molecule. In vivo, both reduction of EphB3 function in adult heterozygous animals and loss of function in homozygous animals greatly decreased RGC axon re-extension or sprouting after optic nerve injury. Comparisons of axon re-extension in EphB3 null and wild-type littermates showed that this loss of axonal plasticity was not attributable to a difference in intrinsic axon growth potential. Rather, the results indicated an essential role for local optic nerve-derived EphB3 in regulating adult RGC axon plasticity after optic nerve injury. Of note, the loss of EphB3 did not affect the ability of injured RGC axons to elaborate complex terminal branching, suggesting that additional EphB3-independent mechanisms governed adult axon branching triggered by CNS damage.
04/04/2006
07:32 AM
Involvement of Matrix Metalloproteinase in Neuroblast Cell Migration from the Subventricular Zone after Stroke
The Journal of Neuroscience, March 29, 2006, 26(13):3491-3495
After brain injury, neuroblast cells from the subventricular zone (SVZ) expand and migrate toward damaged tissue. The mechanisms that mediate these neurogenic and migratory responses remain to be fully dissected. Here, we show that bromodeoxyuridine-labeled and doublecortin-positive cells from the SVZ colocalize with the extracellular protease matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) during the 2 week recovery period after transient focal cerebral ischemia in mice. Treatment with the broad spectrum MMP inhibitor GM6001 significantly decreases the migration of doublecortin-positive cells that extend from the SVZ into the striatum. These data suggest that MMPs are involved in endogenous mechanisms of neurogenic migration as the brain seeks to heal itself after injury.
04/04/2006
07:30 AM
Ecstasy MDMA MDA MDEA MBDB consumption seizures related offences prices dosage levels and deaths in the UK 1994 2003
Journal of Psychopharmacology, Vol. 20, No. 3, 456-463 (2006)
In the last decade, a global trend of escalating ecstasy (MDMA, MDA, MDEA, MBDB) use was observed. Mentions on medical death certificates, last year's ecstasy use, number of drug offenders, seizures, prices and dosage levels figures were used for this descriptive and correlational study. Figures (1994-2003) were taken from the UK General Mortality Registers, from the Home Office Statistical Bulletins, from the British Crime Survey and from those reported to both the National Crime Intelligence and Forensic Science Services. A total of 394 ecstasy deaths mentions were here identified from the UK; in 42% of cases ecstasy was the sole drug mentioned. Overall, number of fatalities showed a year-per-year increase and positively correlated with: prevalence of last year's use (p < 0.01); number of offenders (p < 0.01) and number of seizures (p < 0.01) but negatively correlated with ecstasy price (p < 0.05). Price negatively correlated with: prevalence of last year's use (p < 0.001) and number of seizures (p < 0.01); but positively correlated with average MDMA dosage per tablet (p < 0.01). MDA, MDEA and MBDB accounted for a significant proportion of tablets only up to 1997, but not afterwards. Increasing production with a concomitant decrease in ecstasy price may have facilitated an increase in consumption levels and this, in turn, may have determined an increase in number of ecstasy deaths mentions. Only medical death certificates and not coroners' reports at the end of their inquests were here analysed; no data were available in respect of other drugs use and toxicology results.
04/04/2006
07:29 AM
B type natriuretic peptide identifies silent myocardial ischaemia in stroke survivors
To test the hypothesis that B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) predicts reversible myocardial ischaemia in stroke survivors who do not have chest pain or previous myocardial infarction.
04/04/2006
07:26 AM
Continuous monitoring of the microcirculation in neurocritical care an update on brain tissue oxygenation
Current Opinion in Critical Care. 12(2):97-102, April 2006
This article summarizes recent clinical and experimental studies of parenchymal brain tissue oxygen monitoring and considers future directions for its use in neurocritical care.
04/04/2006
07:24 AM
Autopsy findings in the nervous system and ovarian tumour of two patients with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration
Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, Volume 113, Supplement 183, May 2006, pp. 69-70(2)
To review autopsy findings in paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration. Materials and methods.
04/01/2006
10:18 AM
The Different Effects on Recognition Memory of Perirhinal Kainate and NMDA Glutamate Receptor Antagonism: Implications for Underlying Plasticity Mechanisms
The Journal of Neuroscience, March 29, 2006, 26(13):3561-3566
To investigate the involvement of different types of glutamate receptors in recognition memory, selective antagonists of NMDA and kainate receptors were locally infused into the perirhinal cortex of the rat temporal lobe. Such infusion of a selective kainate receptor antagonist produced an unusual pattern of recognition memory impairment: amnesia after a short (20 min) but not a long (24 h) delay. In contrast, antagonism of perirhinal NMDA glutamate receptors by locally infused AP-5 (2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid) impaired recognition memory after the long but not the short delay. For both drugs, impairment was found when the drug was present during acquisition but not when it was present during retrieval. Experiments in vitro indicate that selective antagonism of NMDA receptors containing NR2A subunits blocks perirhinal long-term potentiation (LTP), whereas antagonism of NMDA receptors containing NR2B subunits blocks long-term depression (LTD). However, recognition memory after a 24 h delay was impaired only when both an NR2A and an NR2B antagonist were infused together, not when either was infused separately. These results establish that kainate receptors have a role in recognition memory that is distinct from that of NMDA receptors, that there must be at least two independent underlying memory mechanisms in the infused region, that this region and no other is necessary for both short-term and long-term familiarity discrimination, and that perirhinal-dependent long-term recognition memory does not rely solely on processes used in NMDA-dependent LTP or LTD (although it might be independently supported by components of each type of process with one substituting for the other).
04/01/2006
10:17 AM
Correlation of visual hallucinations with occipital rCBF changes by donepezil in DLB
NEUROLOGY 2006;66:935-937
The authors explored the neural substrate of visual hallucinations in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) by investigating changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and psychiatric symptoms, before and after cholinesterase inhibitor treatment. Twenty subjects with DLB were treated with donepezil for a 12-week period. Hallucinations attenuated while receiving therapy, whereas occipital rCBF focally increased, suggesting that functional visual association cortex deficits may cause visual hallucinations in patients with DLB.
04/01/2006
10:17 AM
Frequency of spinal arteriovenous malformations in patients with unexplained myelopathy
NEUROLOGY 2006;66:928-931
The authors reviewed charts of 78 myelopathy patients who underwent spinal angiography for possible arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Twenty-two patients had an AVM. No neurologic complications from angiography were observed. MRI findings of increased T2 signal or flow voids were strongly associated with AVMs. Spinal angiography should be performed in all patients with unexplained myelopathy after neurologic evaluation and an MRI demonstrating increased T2 signal or flow voids.
04/01/2006
10:16 AM
Disorders of Glucose Metabolism in Acute Stroke Patients
Diabetes Care 29:792-797, 2006
To determine the prevalence of disturbances in glucose metabolism in patients with acute stroke.
04/01/2006
10:14 AM
The Timing of Neonatal Brain Damage
Biology of the Neonate 2006;90:145-155
Although neonatal morbidity and mortality are less than in the past, the risk of pre-natal and neonatal brain damage has not been eliminated. In order to optimize pre-natal, perinatal and neonatal care, it is necessary to detect factors responsible for brain damage and obtain information about their timing. Knowledge of the timing of asphyxia, infections and circulatory abnormalities would enable obstetricians and neonatologists to improve prevention in pre-term and full-term neonates.
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