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Surgery Today Volume 39, Number 4 / April, 2009 332-334
Mediastinal solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are rarely found in adults and there are few reports describing primary mediastinal SFT invading the diaphragm.
Allergy, Volume 64, Number 4, April 2009 , pp. 629-635(7)
A genome-wide association study identified ORM1-like 3 (orosomucoid 1-like 3, ORMDL3) as an asthma candidate gene. Single nucleotide polymorphisms
(SNPs) in the region including ORMDL3 on chromosome 17q21 were related to childhood asthma risk and ORMDL3 expression levels in Europeans.
Pediatric Surgery International 0179-0358 (Print) 10.1007/s00383-009-2354-6
The management of the esophageal atresia and tracheo-esophageal fistula (EA/TEF) with right-sided aortic arch
(RAA) is controversial. The preoperative diagnostic techniques may fail to show RAA associated with
EA/TEF.
Transplant Infectious Disease Published Online: 9 Mar 2009
Mycobacterium xenopi is an unusual pathogen and few such cases have been reported in the literature. We report the case of a patient with a
sirolimus-based immunosuppressive regimen, who developed lung
cavitation.
Critical Care Medicine:Volume 37(4)April 2009pp 1322-1328
To evaluate the association between plasma granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
(G-CSF) levels and clinical outcomes including mortality in patients with acute lung injury (ALI), and to determine whether lower tidal volume ventilation was associated with a more rapid decrease in plasma
G-CSF over time in patients with ALI.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is an intractable disease of the small pulmonary artery that involves multiple inflammatory factors. We hypothesized that a
redox-sensitive transcription factor, nuclear factor {kappa}B
(NF-{kappa}B), which regulates important inflammatory cytokines, plays a pivotal role in
PAH.
Clinical & Experimental Allergy, Volume 39, Number 4, April 2009 , pp. 478-490(13)
Current asthma guidelines recommend treatment based on the assessment of asthma control using symptoms and lung function. Noninvasive markers are an attractive way to modify therapy since they offer improvedselection of active
treatment(s) based on individual response, and improvedtitration of treatment using markers that are better related to treatment outcomes.
Chest Published online before print March 2009, doi: 10.1378/chest.08-2784
Pulmonary arterial hypertension is typically distinguished from pulmonary venous hypertension by documenting a pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
(PCWP) - 15mmHg. However, PCWP has uncertain utility in establishing pulmonary venous hypertension.
Chest Published online before print February 2009, doi: 10.1378/chest.08-2633
Cigarette smoking in asthma causes insensitivity to inhaled glucocorticoids (GCs). We tested the hypothesis that smoking causes GC insensitivity in alveolar macrophages
(AMs) from asthmatics.
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Young children and the elderly are disproportionately affected by CAP.
Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology 2009, 4:5doi:10.1186/1745-6673-4-5
In order to evaluate the safety of RW, we performed a nose-only inhalation exposure study in rats. After one-month observation period, the potential of RW fibers to cause pulmonary toxicity was evaluated based on lung magnetometry findings, pulmonary biopersistence and
pneumopathology.
Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention: March/April 2009 - Volume 29 - Issue 2 - p 133-137
Yoga-derived breathing has been reported to improve gas exchange in patients with chronic heart failure and in participants exposed to high-altitude hypoxia.
Transplant Infectious Disease Published Online: 17 Mar 2009
Aspergillosis is a high-risk complication in cystic fibrosis (CF) lung transplant patients. Azole antifungal drugs inhibit CYP3A4, resulting in significant metabolic drug-drug interactions. Voriconazole
(VRZ) was marketed without therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) recommendations, consistent with favorable pharmacokinetics, but regular determinations of plasma VRZ concentration were introduced in our center to manage interactions with calcineurin inhibitors and to document the achievement of therapeutic levels.
Chest Published online before print February 2009, doi: 10.1378/chest.08-2568
The obesity epidemic has prompted remarkable changes in the proportion of obese children referred for habitual snoring. However, the contribution of obesity to adenotonsillar hypertrophy remains undefined.
Chest Published online before print March 2009, doi: 10.1378/chest.08-2188
The aim of this study was to re-evaluate the clinical significance of sonographic appearances, in particular the application of color Doppler ultrasound
(nited States) imaging, in discriminating peripheral air-fluid lung abscess from
empyema.
Drug options for treatment of infections are increasingly limited. The pharmaceutical industry has found it difficult to discover new antimicrobial agents, and only two novel classes of antibiotics, the oxazolidinones and the cyclic
lipopeptides, have entered the market since the late 1960s.
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 296: L674-L683, 2009
Although ozone enhances leukocyte function and recruitment in airways, the direct effect of ozone in modulating structural cell-derived inflammatory mediators remains unknown.
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 296: L635-L647, 2009
Human surfactant protein A (hSP-A), a molecule of innate immunity and surfactant-related functions, consists of two functional genes, SP-A1 and SP-A2. SP-A expression is regulated by several factors including environmental stressors.
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 296: L693-L699, 2009
EGF receptors (EGFRs) are increased in airway smooth muscle in asthma, which may contribute to both their hyperproliferation and
hypercontractility. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a candidate pathological agent in asthma and other airway diseases, and LPA upregulates EGFRs in human airway smooth muscle
(HASM) cells.
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 296: L582-L593, 2009
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a serious disease of multiple etiologies mediated by hypoxia, immune stimuli, and elevated pulmonary pressure that leads to vascular thickening and eventual right heart failure.
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 296: L648-L656, 2009
Chronic inflammation, imbalance of proteolytic and anti-proteolytic activities, oxidative stress, and apoptosis of lung structural cells contribute to the pathogenesis of
COPD.
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 296: L700-L709, 2009
The hypothesis tested was PKC{alpha} mediates the phosphorylation of glycogen synthetase kinase 3{beta} (GSK3{beta}) and that the GSK3{beta} inhibition modulates the response to tumor necrosis factor-{alpha}
(TNF) in rat pulmonary microvessel endothelial cells (PMEC).
Although some recent studies have demonstrated the important role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha
(TNF-alpha) and soluble TNF receptors (sTNF-R) in inflammation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
The obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by repeated upper airway obstruction during sleep together with decreases in oxygen saturation leading to a series of pathological events, primarily in the cardiovascular system.
Chest Published online before print February 2009, doi: 10.1378/chest.08-2281
To identify the relationship between a dynamic lung artifact, the dynamic air
bronchogram, within alveolar consolidation, and the diagnosis of pneumonia vs resorptive
atelectasis.
BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2009, 9:10doi:10.1186/1471-2466-9-10
Differences could exist in the likelihood of asthma attacks in patients treated with inhaled corticosteroid (ICS), long-acting beta-agonist
(LABA), and montelukast (MON) (ICS/LABA/MON) and patients treated with an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) and montelukast (MON) (ICS/MON).
Journal of Community Nursing March 2009
Volume 23, Issue 03
Weight loss and malnutrition are common factors seen in many patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) especially as their disease progresses, although for some patients obesity may be seen, due to increased breathlessness and reduced activity.
Visualization of a posterior junction line (PJL) on chest x-ray is evidence for emphysema. The correlation between the assessment of the PJL on computed tomography (CT) and emphysema is less clear.
Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Volume 20, Number 2, March 2009 , pp. 157-163(7)
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-){alpha} is a proinflammatory cytokine that is important in the innate host defence and thus in the defence of infectious agents. However, in excess it provokes the development of chronic inflammatory diseases.
Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Volume 20, Number 2, March 2009 , pp. 142-150(9)
Early growth response-1 (Egr-1) is expressed in human airways and found to modulate tumor necrosis factor, immunoglobulin E
(IgE), airway responsiveness, and interleukin-13-induced inflammation in mice.
Clinical & Experimental Allergy, Volume 39, Number 4, April 2009 , pp. 556-561(6)
Fast food consumption and childhood asthma have rapidly increased in recent decades. During the same period there has been an increased rate of prolonged breastfeeding.
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise:Volume 41(4)April 2009pp 737-741
The prevalence of exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) is significantly higher in athletes than that in the general population and can result in significant morbidity in young, competitive athletes. Guidelines emphasize that education and written treatment protocols improve clinical outcomes for asthmatics.
British Journal of Radiology 2009, doi:10.1259/bjr/73200201
The acquisition of radiotherapy planning scans on positron emission tomography (PET)-CT scanners requires the involvement of radiotherapy radiographers.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Received 28 May 2008; received in revised form 20 December 2008; accepted 2 February 2009. published online 27 March 2009
Ground-glass opacities are typically difficult to inspect and to palpate during video-assisted thoracic surgery. We therefore examined whether ultrasonographic assessments could localize ground-glass opacities and help to achieve adequate resection margins.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Received 12 July 2008; received in revised form 21 September 2008; accepted 25 November 2008. published online 27 March 2009
We performed mitral valve replacement with a pulmonary autograft using the technique described by us earlier and present the results.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Received 8 January 2008; received in revised form 17 December 2008; accepted 27 January 2009. published online 27 March 2009
The optimal management of congenital adenomatoid malformation of the lung remains controversial. Prenatal ultrasonographic analysis has increasingly discovered asymptomatic lesions, raising questions about the need for and timing of surgical treatment for asymptomatic congenital adenomatoid malformation.
Clinical Microbiology and Infection Published Online: 17 Mar 2009
The pneumolysin (ply) gene is widely used as a target in PCR assays for Streptococcus pneumoniae in respiratory secretions. However, false-positive results with conventional ply-based PCR have been reported.
Severe pneumonia in children under 5 years of age continues to be an important clinical entity with treatment failure rates as high as 20%. Where severe pneumonias are common, predictive tools for treatment failure like chest radiography and pulse oximetry are not available or affordable.
The effect of prosthesis-patient mismatch on long-term survival after mitral valve replacement
(MVR) has received limited attention. This study was performed to determine the predictors of mortality after MVR and influence of prosthesis-patient mismatch on survival.
To review all the current evidence of LEF-induced pneumonitis (LEIP) which will help rheumatologists recognize suspected cases of LEIP and to influence clinical guidelines.
Chest Published online before print February 2009, doi: 10.1378/chest.08-2306
It has been suggested that the presence of emphysema modify the outcome of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
(IPF). In this study we compare clinical features, smoking history, pulmonary function, systolic pulmonary artery pressure
(eSPAP), and mortality in IPF with emphysema vs IPF without emphysematous changes.
Respiratory Medicine Volume 103, Issue 5, Pages 692-699 (May 2009)
1) To determine whether severe exacerbation of COPD is a BODE index independent risk factor for death; 2) whether the combined application of exacerbations and BODE (e-BODE index), offers greater predictive capacity than BODE alone or can simplify the model, by replacing the exercise capacity
(BODEx index).
Respiratory Medicine Volume 103, Issue 5, Pages 661-669 (May 2009)
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-targeted therapies are increasingly being prescribed in the management of a variety of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The use of this class of medications also pose risks of developing an assortment of pulmonary side effects including infections (TB, bacterial, and fungal infections), pulmonary nodules, chronic
pneumonitis/fibrosis, SLE-like reactions, vasculitis, and exacerbations of underlying lung disease.
Respiratory Medicine Volume 103, Issue 5, Pages 736-742 (May 2009)
Many UK hospitals have set-up specialised chest pain clinics to deal promptly and efficiently with cases of possible cardiac chest pain. It is possible that a proportion of patients attending these clinics will have a respiratory cause for their chest pain, or respiratory disease in addition to their cardiac pain.
Respiratory Medicine Volume 103, Issue 5, Pages 766-772 (May 2009)
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare lung disease affecting women. Following case reports that pregnancy exacerbates LAM, patients are frequently advised to avoid pregnancy.
Respiratory Medicine Volume 103, Issue 5, Pages 707-713 (May 2009)
Reports of patients with polymyxin-only susceptible gram-negative nosocomial pneumonia treated with inhaled, but without concurrent intravenous, colistin are rare.
Respiratory Medicine Volume 103, Issue 5, Pages 743-749 (May 2009)
Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) represents the leading cause of late mortality after lung transplantation
(LTx). Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients frequently show airway colonization with gram-negative bacteria
(GNB) both before and after LTx. Graft colonization with GNB and its relevance towards BOS development were investigated in a CF population after
LTx.
Respiratory Medicine Volume 103, Issue 5, Pages 650-660 (May 2009)
COPD is a diverse disease entity with multiple dimensions that uniquely define the patient's performance, morbidity and mortality. FEV1 is both the traditional metric used to define the progression of COPD as well as the strongest spirometric predictor of mortality in COPD patients.
Respiratory Medicine Volume 103, Issue 5, Pages 750-756 (May 2009)
Collection of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a safe, non-invasive method to collect droplets of the airway surface liquid and measure mediators of airway inflammation and oxidative stress, such as cysteinyl-leukotrienes
(cys-LTs) and 8-isoprostane.
Respiratory Medicine Volume 103, Issue 5, Pages 722-728 (May 2009)
To address the minimum duration of pulmonary rehabilitation necessary for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) to achieve a plateau in Health-Related Quality of Life
(HRQL) and exercise tolerance.
Respiratory Medicine Volume 103, Issue 5, Pages 773-779 (May 2009)
The aim of our study is to investigate correlations of TH1/TH2 cytokine gene polymorphisms and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid
(BALF) cytokine values in interstitial lung diseases (ILD).
Respiratory Medicine Volume 103, Issue 5, Pages 780-785 (May 2009)
The 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) is a widely used measurement of functional exercise capacity in chronic lung disease. While exercise intolerance has been identified in patients with
bronchiectasis, the clinical determinants of the 6MWT in this population have not been examined.
Respiratory Medicine Volume 103, Issue 5, Pages 786-790 (May 2009)
Cough is a frequent symptom of cigarette smokers that often precedes the development of airflow obstruction. We determined whether chronic cigarette smoking is associated with an increase in capsaicin cough response in the absence of cough.
Respiratory Medicine Volume 103, Issue 5, Pages 637-649 (May 2009)
An increasing number of studies confirm that pathogenesis and prevalence of bronchial asthma are age and sex dependent. Detailed physiological mechanisms of the changing sex ratios with age are not fully known, however, the gender (socio-cultural) factors are also imperative.
Respiratory Medicine Volume 103, Issue 5, Pages 714-721 (May 2009)
COPD is a prevalent disease that generates high use of resources. The objective of this study was to quantify the economic consequences of non-adherence to GOLD guidelines for the management of COPD patients.
The airway and emphysema phenotypes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) cluster in susceptible families. Some of this clustering is likely to be the result of shared genetic factors.
The pathophysiological basis of severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis in infancy is poorly understood and has hindered vaccine development.
Many studies have found that the risk of childhood asthma varies by month of birth, but few have examined ambient aeroallergens as an explanatory factor.
Previous cross-sectional studies have shown that job change due to breathing problems at the workplace (respiratory work disability) is common among adults of working age.
A 14-year-old boy was transferred to our paediatric referral centre with a 1-day history of worsening respiratory distress. He had initially presented to a community hospital complaining of
dyspnoea, cough and emesis, and was treated with antibiotics and methylprednisolone prior to transfer.
A morbidly obese woman presented with exertional dyspnoea and leg swelling. Past medical history included deep venous thrombosis and atrial fibrillation.
Although airflow limitation improved by inhaled anticholinergic drugs varies among individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD), the relationship between actual bronchodilation and improved pulmonary function and where in the lung such bronchodilation occurs remains unknown.
Malnutrition in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with a poor prognosis, yet evidence to support the role of dietary counselling and food fortification is lacking.
A case of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis occurring in an inbred family is presented. A genome-wide analysis of the patient’s genomic DNA using a high-density single nucleotide polymorphism
(SNP) array revealed a small intragenetic mutation at SLC34A2.
The uptake of inhaled particulate matter by airway phagocytes is an important defence mechanism contributing to the clearance of potentially toxic substances, including aeroallergens, from the lung.
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2009, Published ahead of print on March 26, 2009, doi:10.1164/rccm.200810-1584OC
Simvastatin inhibits inflammatory responses in vitro and in murine models of lung inflammation in vivo. As simvastatin modulates a number of the underlying processes described in acute lung injury (ALI), it may be a potential therapeutic option.
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2009, doi:10.1164/rccm.200812-1911OC
Inflammatory reactions of the airways induced by nanoparticles of occupational and environmental origin contribute to organ specific and systemic human diseases.
To investigate the correlation and level of agreement between end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) and blood gas pCO2 in
non-intubated children with moderate to severe respiratory distress.
Sleep and Breathing 1520-9512 (Print) 10.1007/s11325-009-0252-8
Fatigue is an important and often underemphasized symptom in patients with obstructive sleep apnea
(OSA). Sleep fragmentation, i.e., arousals and disruptions in sleep architecture, is common in patients with OSA and may potentially contribute to their fatigue.
Allergy, Volume 64, Number 4, April 2009 , pp. 556-559(4)
The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of allergic disease in young soccer players compared to age-matched students and to evaluate if this prevalence changes as the intensity of training increases.
Magnetic Resonance in Medicine Published Online: 24 Mar 2009
Assessment of perfusion and capillary permeability is important in both malignant and nonmalignant lung disease. Kinetic modeling of T1-weighted dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI
(DCE-MRI) data may provide such an assessment.
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, April 2009, p. 1443-1449, Vol. 53, No. 4
In a companion paper (H. A. Nguyen et al., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 53:1434-1442, 2009), we showed that
vancomycin, oxacillin, fusidic acid, clindamycin, linezolid, and daptomycin are poorly active against the intracellular form of a
thymidine-dependent small-colony variant (SCV) strain isolated from a cystic fibrosis patient and that the activity of
quinupristin-dalfopristin, moxifloxacin, rifampin, and oritavancin remains limited (2- to 3-log CFU reduction) compared to their extracellular activity.
Chest Published online before print February 2009, doi: 10.1378/chest.08-2800
Flexible bronchoscopy is a common procedure used in both diagnostic and therapeutic settings but does not readily permit measurement of central airway dimensions.
Poor assessment of asthma control results in suboptimal treatment. Identifying parameters that accurately assess control will benefit treatment decisions.
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, April 2009, p. 1690-1692, Vol. 53, No. 4
The potential clinical utility of iclaprim to treat patients with pneumococcal infections may depend upon the current prevalence of resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in this pathogen.
Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in under fives. We carried out a comprehensive study to identify factors influencing both mortality and morbidity for children less than 5 years of age hospitalized with severe pneumonia.
The role of large airway ischaemia, with resultant airway narrowing, in the development of post-lung transplant bronchiolitis obliterans has not been defined. A determination of clinical bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome
(BOS), which is defined as a decline in FEV1 from a stable post-transplant baseline, is difficult in the setting of airway complications.
Chest Published online before print March 2009, doi: 10.1378/chest.08-2668
The aims of this study were to measure the levels of bile acids in patients with suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia
(VAP) and provide a possible pathway for neutrophilic inflammation to explain its proinflammatory effect on the airway.
Chest Published online before print March 2009, doi: 10.1378/chest.08-1431
C-reactive protein (CRP) is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, it has been reported that levels of CRP are increased in patients with obstructive sleep apnea
(OSA).
Current Rheumatology Reports Volume 11, Number 2 / April, 2009 89-96
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a devastating complication of systemic sclerosis
(SSc). Although there are screening tests for PAH, such as carbon monoxide diffusing capacity and Doppler echocardiography, these tests are far from perfect, patients are still identified late in the course of disease, and the underlying mechanisms of
SSc-associated PAH are poorly understood.
Current Rheumatology Reports Volume 11, Number 2 / April, 2009 111-119
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is the leading cause of mortality in patients with systemic sclerosis
(SSc), which is also known as scleroderma. Two randomized clinical trials in patients with
SSc-related ILD have shown that oral or intravenous cyclophosphamide is associated with modest but significant or near-significant improvements in lung function,
dyspnea, and physical function.
Over the past 3 decades, antimicrobial resistance among Streptococcus
pneumoniae, the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), has escalated dramatically worldwide.
Treatment failure is a matter of great concern in the management of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Defined generally as lack of response or clinical deterioration, failure is considered early when it occurs within the first 72 hours and late when it occurs after 72 hours.
Angiogenic factors have been the focus of a great deal of research for the treatment of ischemic diseases. Described just more than 10 years ago, angiopoietin 1 (Ang-1) has shown promising results in I/R models.
The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal: Vol. 46, No. 2, pp. 117-123
The objective of this study was to explore the prevalence, range of reported symptoms, and clinical risk factors of obstructive sleep apnea in preschool children with cleft lip and/or palate.
Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common and potentially fatal condition. The case is presented of a young woman who presented to the emergency department with first-time seizures.
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, April 2009, p. 1642-1644, Vol. 53, No. 4
Two cases of pulmonary infection due to strains of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae were investigated.
Beta-lactamase determinants, such as blaIMP-4 and blaSHV-12, and the 16S rRNA
methyltransferase-encoding gene armA were detected in these plasmid-bearing organisms.
American Journal of Kidney Diseases Received 14 October 2008; accepted 22 December 2008. published online 23 March 2009
Wegener granulomatosis classically involves the renal, respiratory, and ear, nose, and throat systems. Pulmonary hemorrhage is recognized as a severe respiratory complication.
International Journal of Surgical Pathology, Vol. 17, No. 2, 135-141 (2009)
The aim of this study is to report the clinicopathologic characteristics of 3 cases of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma with
neuroendocrine/neuronal differentiation.
Asthma is a disease where there is an accumulation of collagen in the reticular basal membrane of the airway leading to chronic inflammation. The enzyme prolidase plays an important role in the breakdown of collagen and the breakdown of intracellular protein especially in the final stage when peptides and dipeptides contain a high level of
proline.
It is estimated that over 90% of children infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) live in the developing world and particularly in sub-Saharan Africa.
Transplant Infectious Disease Published Online: 5 Feb 2009
Tuberculosis (TB) infection in a liver transplantation candidate is not rare in China. There is little experience on how to manage the pre-existing TB infection in liver transplantation recipients.
Transplant Infectious Disease Published Online: 18 Feb 2009
Because of our experience with severe Ehrlichia infections in lung transplant recipients, we reviewed all cases of ehrlichiosis in solid organ transplant recipients at Barnes-Jewish Hospital in St. Louis, Missouri. Between 1996 and 2007, 25 cases of ehrlichiosis were identified.
Transplant Infectious Disease Published Online: 9 Mar 2009
Mycobacterium abscessus is increasingly recognized as an important pathogen in some individuals with advancing lung disease related to cystic fibrosis (CF). Because of its resistance to anti microbial agents and virulence, its presence in the lungs of potential lung transplant recipients can be problematic.
Infection and Immunity, April 2009, p. 1579-1588, Vol. 77, No. 4
Burkholderia mallei and B. pseudomallei are important human pathogens and cause the diseases glanders and
melioidosis, respectively. Both organisms are highly infectious when inhaled and are inherently resistant to many antimicrobials, thus making it difficult to treat pneumonic Burkholderia infections.
Infection of the lungs and airways by viral, bacterial, fungal and protozoal agents, often producing atypical radiographic features, is common in children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
Emerging Infectious Diseases Volume 15, Number 4-April 2009
After our recent discovery of a Streptococcus pneumoniae 19A "superbug" (Legacy strain) that is resistant to all Food and Drug Administration-approved antimicrobial drugs for treatment of acute otitis media
(AOM) in children, other S. pneumoniae isolates from children with AOM were characterized by multilocus sequence typing
(MLST).
Emergency department (ED) physicians face frequent decisions on whether to admit patients with congestive heart failure
(CHF) or acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD).
Critical Care Medicine:Volume 37(4)April 2009pp 1308-1316
Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) is a means of respiratory and hemodynamic support for patients failing conventional therapies. Children with cancer who develop complications during therapy may require
ECLS.
Surgical resection is the preferred treatment in selected patients with pulmonary metastases. In high-risk patients, radiofrequency ablation
(RFA) may offer an alternative option.
Allergy, Volume 64, Number 4, April 2009 , pp. 621-628(8)
Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based genome-wide association study revealed that markers on chromosome 17q21 were linked to childhood asthma but not atopy in Caucasians, with the strongest signal being detected for the SNP rs7216389 in the ORMDL3 gene.
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, April 2009, p. 1338-1343, Vol. 53, No. 4
We formulated PA-824, a nitroimidazopyran with promise for the treatment of tuberculosis, for efficient aerosol delivery to the lungs in a dry powder porous particle form.
Chest Published online before print March 2009, doi: 10.1378/chest.08-2706
Recent studies suggest that early goal directed resuscitation of septic shock and conservative fluid management of acute lung injury (ALI) can improve outcomes.
Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is associated with variable development of emphysema and other features of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD).
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare but well-known cardiovascular condition potentially associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and is currently recognized to be one of the most ominous noninfectious HIV complications.
The site of care decision is one of the most important in the management of patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Several scoring systems have been developed to predict mortality risk in CAP, and these have been applied to guide physicians about whether patients should be admitted to the hospital or to the intensive care unit (ICU).
While recent meta-analyses suggest that OSA elevates daytime blood pressure (BP), most studies have included patients with mild hypertension, so CPAP treatment has only reduced BP by 2-3 mm Hg.
This report describes a rare case of inflammatory pseudotumour arising metachronously from the orbit and lung. A 78-year-old man with a 7-year history of orbital inflammatory pseudotumour developed a solitary mass in the right lung.
American Journal of Transplantation Published Online: 6 Mar 2009
Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) compromises lung transplant outcomes and is characterised by airway epithelial damage and fibrosis. The process whereby the normal epithelial configuration is replaced by fibroblastic scar tissue is poorly understood, but recent studies have implicated epithelial mesenchymal transition
(EMT).
American Journal of Transplantation Published Online: 6 Mar 2009
We describe a novel technique of pumpless extracorporeal life support in four patients with cardiogenic shock due to end-stage pulmonary hypertension (PH) including patients with
veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) using a pumpless lung assist device (LAD).
Chest Published online before print February 2009, doi: 10.1378/chest.08-2338
We investigated the usefulness of measurements of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and pH of exhaled breath condensate
(EBC) for monitoring airway response after specific inhalation challenges with isocyanates in sensitized subjects.
Chest Published online before print March 2009, doi: 10.1378/chest.08-2859
Although hospitalizations for AIDS-associated Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) in the United States have decreased since the introduction of chemoprophylaxis and potent combination antiretroviral therapy (ART), PCP remains an important cause of illness and death among AIDS patients.
Tropical Medicine & International Health Published Online: 19 Mar 2009
To assess knowledge, practical competence and reported practices among health-care providers about antibiotics to treat acute respiratory infections in children under five in rural Vietnam.
International Journal of Cardiology Volume 133, Issue 2, Pages 157-166 (3 April 2009)
Pulmonary regurgitation is common after repair of tetralogy of Fallot, predisposing to right ventricular dilatation and potentially fatal arrhythmias. Magnetic resonance studies of such patients led us to hypothesize that the amount of regurgitation, in the absence of an effective valve, depends on pulmonary arterial compliance and on the location of resistance relative to the compliance.
International Journal of Cardiology Volume 133, Issue 2, Pages 167-172 (3 April 2009)
We evaluated whether right ventricular (RV) diastolic dysfunction assessed by pulsed tissue Doppler imaging
(TDI) predicts cardiac events in patients with chronic pulmonary thromboembolism
(CPTE).
Aorticopulmonary paraganglioma is a rare tumor of the middle mediastinum. Complete surgical resection is the only effective treatment, even when it may pose a surgical challenge due to the proximity of the tumor to the heart and great vessels, often rendering complete resection difficult to achieve.
The increasing percentage of older patients undergoing lung resection for cancer necessitates a better understanding of long-term outcomes in this population. We studied the associations among quality of life, mood, clinical factors, and age after major lung resection.
Many interventional tools for airway disorders can now be delivered via flexible bronchoscopy
(FB), including neodymium-yttrium aluminium garnet laser,
electrocautery, argon plasma coagulation, cryotherapy, balloon dilatation and metal or hybrid stents
Chest Published online before print March 2009, doi: 10.1378/chest.08-2572
Patients with usual interstitial pneumonia associated with collagen vascular disease
(CVD-UIP) have been reported to have a better prognosis than those with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
(IPF/UIP).
Chest Published online before print March 2009, doi: 10.1378/chest.08-2209
Serum surfactant proteins A and D (SP-A, SP-D) had prognostic value for mortality in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
(IPF) in prior studies before the reclassification of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. We hypothesized that baseline serum SP- A and SP-D concentrations would be independently associated with mortality among persons with biopsy proven IPF and would improve a prediction model for mortality.
Chest Published online before print February 2009, doi: 10.1378/chest.08-1783
Sensitization to Trichophyton, a major dermatophyte, has been associated with asthma. Whether such sensitization is generally associated with the severity of asthma, like other molds such as
Alternaria, is unknown.
Chest Published online before print March 2009, doi: 10.1378/chest.08-1134
The role of procalcitonin (PCT) in parapneumonic pleural effusion (PPPE) as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of the outcome has not been examined before.
Hyperoxia has been shown to reduce resting ventilation, hyperinflation and dyspnoea in patients with severely hypoxaemic
COPD. This study assessed the effects of hyperoxia on these resting measures in patients with COPD of varying disease severity and characterized those patients who responded.
International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care (2009), 25 : 26-34
An important option for the medical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome
(OSAHS) is continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) during sleep. This study reports on the cost-effectiveness of CPAP compared with dental devices and lifestyle advice. The work was commissioned by the NHS HTA Programme to inform the National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence's (NICE) appraisal of
CPAP.
Pulmonary dysfunction is not a well-recognized feature of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
(FSHD). The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence and type of pulmonary and respiratory muscle dysfunction in
FSHD.
Current Pain and Headache Reports Volume 13, Number 2 / April, 2009 120-126
Chronic opioid use for nonmalignant pain has increased dramatically; nonillicit unintentional deaths have also increased. This article reviews the physiology of breathing, effects of sleep on respiration, effects of opioids on respiration, potential interactions between sleep and opioids on respiration, and current evidence that chronic opioid use is associated with sleep-disordered breathing.
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence after catheter ablation. The purpose of this study is to determine whether OSA assessed by the simple tool, the Berlin Questionnaire
(BQ), is useful in predicting the efficacy of catheter ablation of AF.
Platelet transfusions have been identified as an independent risk factor for survival after orthotopic liver transplantation
(OLT). In this study, we analyzed the specific causes of mortality and graft loss in relation to platelet transfusions during
OLT.
Involuntary apnea during sleep elicits sustained arterial hypertension through sympathetic activation; however, little is known about voluntary apnea, particularly in elite athletes. Their physiological adjustments are largely unknown.
International Journal of Cardiology Volume 133, Issue 1, Pages 46-50 (20 March 2009)
Cachexia is one of the terminating syndromes in pulmonary disease, and cachectic patients have an increased mortality even after lung transplantation
(LTx).
Sleep apnea is a common sleep disorder characterized by sleep fragmentation, oxygen desaturation and daytime somnolence. It is common in people with Down syndrome, occurring in at least one-half of this population.
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases: April 2009 - Volume 22 - Issue 2 - p 159-166
The Ventilator Bundle contains four components, elevation of the head of the bed to 30-45°, daily 'sedation vacation' and daily assessment of readiness to
extubate, peptic ulcer disease prophylaxis, and deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis, aimed to improve outcome in mechanically ventilated patients, but not all are associated with VAP prevention.
Allergy, Volume 64, Number 4, April 2009 , pp. 643-646(4)
Interleukin 15 (IL15) promotes activation and proliferation of CD8+ T cells and enhances the differentiation into Th2 cells. A previous study described five polymorphisms in the IL15 gene to be associated with asthma in a haplotype analysis.
Pediatric Critical Care Medicine:Volume 10(2)March 2009pp 227-233
Measurement of extravascular lung water (EVLW) may be useful in the treatment of critically ill children and can be performed at the bedside using the transpulmonary thermodilution technique
(TPTD). There are currently no data to verify the accuracy of these measurements in (small) children.
Arch Dis Child. Published Online First: 1 March 2009. doi:10.1136/adc.2007.132100
Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are commonly used to treat wheezing disorders in children but few studies have investigated the effect of ICS on lung function in infants. We evaluated the efficacy of inhaled budesonide for decreased specific airways conductance
(sGaw) as an indication of bronchial obstruction in very young children with recurrent cough and/or wheeze.
Pulmonary involvement is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). Although a high prevalence of airway hyperresponsiveness
(AHR) has been reported, there are no studies demonstrating the relationship between AHR and acute chest syndrome (ACS) in adults with SCD.
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2009, doi:10.1164/rccm.200808-1240OC
There are unexplained geographical and seasonal differences in the short-term effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on human health. The hypothesis has been advanced that such differences might be due to variations in the PM2.5 chemical composition, but evidence supporting this hypothesis is still lacking.
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2009, doi:10.1164/rccm.200806-992OC
T helper 2 cytokines play an important role in allergic diseases. These cytokines activate signal transduction pathways, including Janus
kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription
(JAK-STAT) signaling.
Mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) may be estimated by using the classic rule of thumb, namely 2/3 × dPAP + 1/3 ×
sPAP, where dPAP = diastolic PAP and sPAP = systolic PAP.
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is an immunologic pulmonary disorder caused by hypersensitivity to Aspergillus
fumigatus. Clinically, a patient presents with chronic asthma, recurrent pulmonary infiltrates, and
bronchiectasis.
J Med Microbiol 58 (2009), 492-502; DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.005728-0
In the cystic fibrosis (CF) airway, chronic infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa results from biofilm formation in a
neutrophil-rich environment. We tested the capacity of human neutrophils to modify early biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa strain PAO1, and an isogenic CF strain isolated early and years later in infection.
Severity assessment is an important early step in the management of patients presenting with community-acquired pneumonia. Various pneumonia-specific scores, generic sepsis scores and predictive biomarkers have been proposed as tools to aid clinicians in key management decisions.
Canadian Journal of Cardiology March 2009, Volume 25 Issue 3: 149-155
Assessment of pulmonary congestion in left-sided heart failure is necessary for guiding anticongestive therapy. Clinical examination and chest x-ray are semiquantitative methods with poor diagnostic accuracy and reproducibility.
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, April 2009, p. 1476-1481, Vol. 53, No. 4
A population pharmacokinetic model of cefepime was constructed from data from adult critical care patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia
(VAP). A total of 32 patients treated with high-dose cefepime, 2 g every 8 h (3-h infusion) or a renal function-adjusted equivalent dose, were randomized into two groups-26 for the initial model and 6 for model validation.
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2009, doi:10.1164/rccm.200811-1793OC
Normoxic Heliox (79%He-21%O2) may enhance exercise tolerance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD). It remains to be tested, however, whether part of these beneficial effects could be ascribed to increased O2 delivery to locomotor muscles.
Thorax. Published Online First: 11 March 2009. doi:10.1136/thx.2008.104711
Lower airway (LAW) infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P.a.) and Staphylococcus aureus
(S.a.) is the leading cause of morbidity in Cystic Fibrosis (CF).
The Clinical Respiratory Journal Published Online: 18 Mar 2009
Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease of unknown origin. Pathogenetic involvement of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has frequently been discussed in the aetiology of
sarcoidosis; however, studies still remain contradictory.
Translational Research Volume 153, Issue 4, Pages 153-165 (April 2009)
Lung transplantation remains the hope for many incurable pulmonary diseases, such as cystic fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
A 62-year-old man with recurrent episodes of coughing underwent a whole-body FDG PET/CT scan to evaluate possible lung malignancy. The PET images showed increased FDG uptake in the right side of the bronchus corresponding to a foreign body on the concurrent CT images.
Pulmonary artery sarcoma, although rare, must be considered in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary
thromboembolism. Clinically and radiologically, it may imitate pulmonary embolism, making diagnosis difficult and delaying treatment.
The outcome of thoracoscopic bullectomy for primary spontaneous pneumothorax
(PSP) is not satisfactory. To reduce postoperative pneumothorax recurrence after thoracoscopic
bullectomy, an effective and easy surgical method is required.
International Journal of Cardiology Volume 133, Issue 2, Pages e58-e59 (3 April 2009)
The discovery of a large left atrial mass obliges the clinician to perform a differential diagnosis including tumour versus thrombus, but because of morphology and mobility of the mass, always it is difficult to differentiate one from the other.
International Journal of Cardiology Volume 133, Issue 2, Pages e55-e56 (3 April 2009)
Paradoxical embolism across a patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a rare clinical entity and the thrombus is rarely caught passing through a
PFO. A 65-year-old woman presented with dyspnea and pleuritic chest pain.
The {beta}2-adrenergic receptors are cell surface receptors playing a central role in the pharmacological targeting asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD)
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 296: L624-L634, 2009
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during mitochondrial activity participate in the regulation of intracellular signaling pathways. However, there is only limited information concerning the role that ROS derived from the mitochondrial respiratory chain play in modulating neutrophil activity and participation in acute inflammatory processes.
European Journal of Pediatrics 0340-6199 (Print) 10.1007/s00431-009-0967-3
Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is a major risk factor for poor lung health in children. Although parental smoking is the commonest source of ETS exposure to children, they are also exposed to ETS in schools, restaurants, public places and public transport vehicles.
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 296: L574-L581, 2009
Secretion of pulmonary surfactant that maintains low surface tension within the lung is primarily mediated by mechanical stretching of alveolar epithelial type II
(AEII) cells.
Transplant Infectious Disease Published Online: 22 Feb 2009
Strongyloides hyperinfection syndrome has not been reported in lung transplant recipients. We describe the case of a 61-year-old Peruvian man, who received bilateral lung transplants for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and subsequently developed persistent fever with pulmonary infiltrates, ventilator dependence, and
pneumothoraces.
Canadian Journal of Cardiology March 2009, Volume 25 Issue 3: e73-e77
In contrast to the homogeneously distributed deformation properties within the left ventricle, the right ventricular (RV) free wall
(RVFW) shows a more inhomogeneous distribution. It has been demonstrated that pulmonary hypertension (PH) results in significant RVFW mechanical delay.
Mortality and morbidity in COPD have been related to reduced FEV1 as well as indices of body composition. Different techniques used to evaluate body composition may vary in accuracy, particularly in conditions with altered fluid balance such as
COPD.
The addition of nocturnal noninvasive positive pressure ventilation to pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic respiratory failure produced improvements in measures of health-related quality of life, functional status, and gas exchange.
The treatment choice for post-intubation tracheal stenosis (PITS) in patients for whom surgery is not initially feasible is bronchoscopic silicone
stenting. A new silicone stent, called the Natural stent (N
stent), was investigated for its clinical efficacy and safety in patients with PITS.
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases: April 2009 - Volume 22 - Issue 2 - p 148-153
Nosocomial tracheobronchitis is common among intubated critically ill patients. Ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis (VAT) represents an intermediate process between lower respiratory tract colonization and ventilator-associated pneumonia.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects millions of people worldwide and is predicted to become the fourth leading cause of death by 2030. The importance of systemic effects of the disease is increasingly recognized, in particular loss of skeletal muscle bulk and skeletal muscle weakness.
Despite potent antibiotics, community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains the most common cause of death from infection and the seventh overall leading cause of death in the United States.
Aging Health April 2009, Vol. 5, No. 2, Pages 193-205 , DOI 10.2217/ahe.09.9
This article summarizes the current knowledge regarding sleep apnea in stroke patients. There are two major problems with sleep apnea in stroke patients.
Sleep and Biological Rhythms, Volume 7, Number 1, January 2009 , pp. 43-51(9)
In order to assess the usefulness of the SleepStrip (SS) in screening for obstructive sleep
apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in Japanese settings, we measured its sensitivity and specificity against the reference standard diagnostic full-night polysomnography
(FN-PSG) using a real-life timeline, and compared them to that of the simultaneously applied pulse oximeter (PO), a routinely used OSAHS screener in Japan.
American Journal of Therapeutics:Volume 16(2)March/April 2009pp 197-198
We report a case of central sleep apnea in a geriatric patient that was associated with treatment with aripiprazole for an episode of major depressive disorder with psychotic features. The patient was a 72-year-old man who was started on aripiprazole and developed central sleep apnea that improved significantly when the medication was stopped.
Current Pain and Headache Reports Volume 13, Number 2 / April, 2009 160-163
Patients with cluster headache (CH) have a higher prevalence of sleep apnea, and a possible relationship between these two conditions has been proposed.
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2009, doi:10.1164/rccm.200805-691OC
The complex and multifactorial pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH) involves constriction, remodeling, and in situ thrombosis of pulmonary vessels. Both serotonin (5-HT) and Rho kinase signaling may contribute to these alterations.
The translation of basic research advances to the clinical arena has been slow and inefficient. With the goal of improving interactions and collaboration between basic science and clinical investigators, we instituted a Translational Research Training Program
(TRTP) in acute lung injury to complement our basic science and clinical research training programs in pulmonary and critical care medicine.
Modern Pathology advance online publication 13 March 2009;
doi: 10.1038/modpathol.2009.20
Twenty-three cases of surgically resected pulmonary infarcts sent in consultation were reviewed to evaluate their morphology and to assess reasons for consultation.
We describe the progress of a girl aged 5 years, who suffered blunt trauma to the chest producing a ventricular septal defect of 1 centimetre in diameter. The shunt generated a mild dilation of the left-sided chambers, and exertional
dyspnoea.
We report an infant with transposition, with the circumflex artery arising from the right coronary artery, who was diagnosed with cystic fibrosis following the occurrence of meconium ileus in the postoperative period.
Journal of the CardioMetabolic Syndrome Published Online: 3 Mar 2009
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and the metabolic syndrome (MS) are independently associated with increased cardiovascular risk. The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence of OSA among consecutive patients with MS and to determine whether OSA is associated with impaired glycemic control.
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important mediator of biological functions. Absence or shortage of NO plays a role in the pathogenesis of both hypertrophic pyloric stenosis and persistent pulmonary hypertension.
Pediatric Surgery International 0179-0358 (Print) 10.1007/s00383-009-2345-7
Anastomotic leakage and respiratory complications are among the most common and potentially life-threatening complications following the surgical repair of esophageal
atresia.
Transplantation:Volume 87(5)15 March 2009pp 719-725
Cytomegalovirus (CMV), human herpesvirus-6 and -7 (HHV-6 and -7) are
{beta}-herpesviruses that commonly reactivate and have been proposed to trigger acute rejection and chronic allograft injury.
Lower peak expiratory flow (PEF) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) have been consistently found after slow inspiration with
end-inspiratory pause (EIP).
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases: April 2009 - Volume 22 - Issue 2 - p 143-147
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) has traditionally focused little on viral causes, and few studies have done an extensive and appropriate evaluation for viral cause.
Poor compliance and initial intolerance limit the effectiveness of continuous positive airway pressure
(CPAP) in obstructive sleep apnea. Short-term compliance has been shown to predict long-term use.
Nearly 30% of all exacerbations of COPD do not have a clear etiology. Although pulmonary embolism (PE) can exacerbate respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea and chest pain, and COPD patients are at a high risk for PE due to a variety of factors including limited mobility, inflammation, and
comorbidities, the prevalence of PE during exacerbations is uncertain.
The finding of a solitary pulmonary nodule is a common dilemma, because of the desire to avoid both a delay in initiating treatment of a lung cancer as well as the risks and morbidity of an invasive biopsy that may not be needed.
Flexible bronchoscopy (FFB) with bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial lung biopsy is a frequently performed procedure after lung transplantation
(LTx).
Interstitial lung disease is a common manifestation of connective tissue disease, and connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease
(CTD-ILD) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The treatment of CTD-ILD is often complex and challenging. This review focuses on the management of
CTD-ILD.
Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) pH has been proposed as a biomarker of airway inflammation and oxidative stress in asthma. Cigarette smoking reduces EBC pH in mild asthma.
Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology Published Online: 26 Jan 2009
Impaired airway clearance leads to recurrent chest infections and respiratory deterioration in neuromuscular weakness. It is frequently the cause of death. Cough is the major mechanism of airway clearance.
The Clinical Respiratory Journal Published Online: 12 Mar 2009
Bronchiectasis is defined as an abnormal and irreversible dilatation of the bronchi, often associated with chronic productive cough, airway obstruction, and recurrent infections.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine Published Online: 13 Mar 2009
This study investigated the prevalence of ocular and respiratory symptoms and lung function in foundry workers exposed to isocyanic acid (ICA) and methyl isocyanate (MIC).
Pediatric Pulmonology Published Online: 12 Mar 2009
The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence of polysomnographically diagnosed OSAS and to describe the severity of sleep associated gas exchange abnormalities
(SAGEA) in habitually snoring children.
The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal:Volume 28(2)February 2009pp 155-157
Kingella kingae organisms isolated from the blood of 3 children with invasive infections were identical by pulsed field gel electrophoresis and random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction analysis to those recovered from the patients' pharynx, demonstrating the likely role of upper respiratory tract colonization in the pathogenesis of the disease caused by this bacterium.
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is mainly determined by hypoxemia under respiratory failure by means of the functional hypoxemic vasoconstrictor response.
Recurrent infective tonsillitis (RI) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are the major indications for adenotonsillectomy (T&A) in children. However, little is known on the determinants of lymphadenoid tissue proliferation in the pediatric upper airway.
Right ventricular function is a key determinant of exercise capacity and survival in pulmonary arterial hypertension
(PAH). We aimed to study the predictors of right ventricular ejection fraction
(RVEF) in patients with newly diagnosed PAH.
Irish Journal of Medical Science 0021-1265 (Print) 10.1007/s11845-009-0311-y
We report a case of a 63-year-old male with known adenocarcinoma of the lung who presented with knee pain which was initially diagnosed as mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) on magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI).
C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of systemic inflammation, is an important predictor of future cardiovascular events. Whether the relationship of obstructive sleep apnoea
(OSA) and CRP is independent of adiposity, needs to be investigated.
European Journal of Pediatrics 0340-6199 (Print) 10.1007/s00431-009-0960-x
IgE-dependent activation of mast cells and basophils through the high-affinity IgE receptor (Fc{epsilon}R1) is involved in the pathogenesis of allergen-induced immune responsiveness in atopic disease including bronchial asthma.
Knowledge of predominant microbial patterns in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) constitutes the basis for initial decisions about empirical antimicrobial treatment, so a prospective study was performed during 2003-2004 among CAP of adult Chinese urban populations.
Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, Volume 102, Number 3, March 2009 , pp. 233-237(5)
To study the effect of different environments on the prevalence of both diseases in an isolated founder population that resettled in different geographic and environmental areas (namely, the genetically homogeneous population that immigrated to Israel from Cochin, India, 50 years ago).
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 296: L480-L488, 2009
A significant role for alveolar macrophages (AM) in the pathophysiology of sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) has been shown; however, the mechanisms behind AM-related lung injury remain relatively uncertain.
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 296: L404-L417, 2009
Intestinal ischemia after trauma-hemorrhagic shock (T/HS) results in gut barrier dysfunction and the production/release of biologically active and tissue injurious factors in the mesenteric lymph, which, in turn, causes acute lung injury and a systemic inflammatory state.
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 296: L519-L526, 2009
We have previously shown that the regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase
(eNOS) in endothelial cells isolated from fetal lamb under static conditions is positively regulated by
PKC{delta}.
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 296: L489-L499, 2009
Persistent hypoxia can cause pulmonary arterial hypertension that may be associated with significant remodeling of the pulmonary arteries, including smooth muscle cell proliferation and hypertrophy.
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 296: L462-L469, 2009
The protective effects of nitric oxide (NO), a physiological activator of soluble guanylyl cyclase
(sGC), have been reported in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) syndrome of the lung.
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 296: L442-L452, 2009
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic proinflammatory cytokine involved in acute lung injury and other processes such as wound repair and tumor growth.
Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, Volume 53, Number 4, April 2009 , pp. 489-495(7)
A high survival rate can be achieved in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome
(ARDS) using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The technique and the costs are, however, debated and follow-up studies in survivors are few. The aim of this study was to evaluate long-term pulmonary health after ECMO and severe
ARDS.
Idiopathic diaphragm paralysis is probably more common and responsible for more morbidity than generally appreciated. Bell’s palsy, or idiopathic paralysis of the seventh cranial nerve, may be seen as an analogous condition. The roles of zoster sine herpete and herpes simplex have increasingly been recognized in Bell's palsy, and there are some data to suggest that antiviral therapy is a useful adjunct to steroid therapy.
Pediatric Pulmonology Published Online: 12 Mar 2009
We sought to identify predictors of the major medical intervention (MMI) in infants with bronchiolitis in the Emergency Department (ED) to recognize those in need of hospitalization versus the candidates for discharge.
Respiratory Research 2009, 10:25doi:10.1186/1465-9921-10-25
Inhalation of crystalline silica induces a pulmonary fibrotic degeneration called silicosis caused by the inability of alveolar macrophages to dissolve the crystalline structure of phagocytosed quartz particles.
Sleep apnea (SA) has been reported to be highly prevalent in the dialysis population. The reported rates of SA in dialysis are severalfold greater than the 2 to 4% estimated in the general population.
Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) delivers assist in proportion to the patient's respiratory drive as reflected by the diaphragm electrical activity
(EAdi).
The measurement of exhaled nitric oxide, when used in addition to current treatment guidelines for asthma, can result in the use of higher doses of medication without any measurable benefit.
The Clinical Respiratory Journal Published Online: 18 Mar 2009
Seasonal allergy is an interesting model to study the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in allergic inflammation. However, experimental allergen exposure is easier to perform and
standardise.
Critical Care Medicine:Volume 37(3)March 2009pp 1079-1089
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) frequently results in poor outcome, suggesting that new approaches are needed. We hypothesized that a patient-specific in silico computer model of intracranial pressure
(ICP) dynamics may predict the ICP response to therapy.
The objective of this study was to assess the effect of weight loss on sleep-disordered breathing
(SDB) in obese teenagers attending a residential treatment center.
Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, Volume 102, Number 3, March 2009 , pp. 238-246(9)
Airway remodeling in asthma is characterized by structural changes to the airways including extracellular matrix
(ECM) deposition and epithelial metaplasia.
Environmental asbestos exposure is causally associated with various pulmonary pathologies. In Turkey, one of the most important sources of asbestos exposure is dust originating from the walls of homes whitewashed with white stucco.
American Journal of Transplantation Published Online: 6 Mar 2009
In a retrospective, single-center cohort study, outcomes of infants and toddlers undergoing lung transplant at St. Louis Children's Hospital between 1990 and 2004 were compared to older children. Patients with cystic fibrosis (exclusively older children) and those who underwent heart-lung, liver-lung, single lung or a second transplantation were excluded from comparisons.
Pediatric Pulmonology Published Online: 12 Mar 2009
Antimicrobial proteins are important in lung defense and are potential therapeutic agents in chronic airways infection such as seen in cystic fibrosis (CF).
To determine the potential efficacy of recombinant human tissue factor pathway inhibitor
(tifacogin) in a subpopulation of patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) from a Phase III study of severe sepsis.
Southern Medical Journal:Volume 102(3)March 2009pp 277-282
A standardized definition of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation still represents an unmet need in respiratory medicine; definitions currently rely on clinical empiricism with little evidence-based scientific support. Exacerbations of COPD are certainly clear events in the mind of practicing physicians.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a deadly disease in which vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling both lead to a progressive increase in pulmonary vascular resistance.
Primary Health Care Research & Development (2009), 10 : 49-53 Cambridge University Press
To define the predictive value of clinical diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) or suspected COPD in primary care patients with spirometric criteria for diagnosis.
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 296: L470-L479, 2009. First published December 19, 2008
Part of the innate defense of bronchial epithelia against bacterial colonization is regulated secretion of salt, water, and mucus as well as defensins and cytokines involving MAP kinase activation and alterations in early gene expression.
Although diagnostic criteria for acute lung injury (ALI) and ARDS are clear, invasive arterial sampling is required for computation of Pao2/fraction of inspired oxygen (Fio2) [PF] ratios.
This article describes health and social care professionals’ perceptions of palliative care and facilitators and barriers to the delivery of such care for patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
In this report, we described a very rare type of patient with micropapillary thyroid carcinoma with macronodular lung metastasis that had prolonged growth arrest for more than 8 years without any treatment.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and acute lung injury (ALI) are characterized by a high mortality rate; therefore,
ARDS/ALI in humans is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients.
Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, Volume 102, Number 3, March 2009 , pp. 198-204(7)
In children, hospitalization for asthma is reported to have a distinct seasonal pattern with peaks coincident with the start of school. Although guidelines indicate that asthma controller medications should be used daily, there is limited information on actual seasonal patterns of medication use.
Pediatric Pulmonology Published Online: 12 Mar 2009
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most frequent life threatening autosomal recessive disease in white subjects. The primary cause of morbidity and mortality in children with CF is chronic pulmonary infection, mainly caused by Pseudomonas
aeruginosa.
Pediatric Critical Care Medicine:Volume 10(2)March 2009pp 242-245
The objective of this article is to review the findings and discuss the implications of the effect of oral decontamination with chlorhexidine
(CHX) or CHX/colistin on ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) incidence and time to development of
VAP.
Pneumocystis jiroveci polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has higher sensitivity than conventional stains but cannot distinguish colonization from infection.
Respiratory Research 2009, 10:23doi:10.1186/1465-9921-10-23
Multiple evidences indicate that inflammation is an event occurring prior to infection in patients with cystic fibrosis. The self-perpetuating inflammatory cycle may play a pathogenic part in this disease.
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