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American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Vol 177. pp. 1276-1284, (2008)
Our previous studies found that Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) activity played an essential role in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation and in the development of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension and vascular remodeling.
American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology. Vol. 38, pp. 738-743, 2008
Post-translational sulfation of tyrosines affects the affinity and binding of at least some chemokine receptors to their ligand(s) and has been hypothesized to be a feature in all chemokine receptors. This binding initiates downstream signaling cascades.
American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology. Vol. 38, pp. 744-749, 2008
The initial bronchoconstrictor response of the asthmatic airway depends on airway smooth muscle (ASM) contraction. Intracellular calcium is a key signaling molecule, mediating a number of responses, including proliferation, gene expression, and contraction of ASM. Ca2+ influx through receptor-operated calcium (ROC) or store-operated calcium (SOC) channels is believed to mediate longer term signals.
American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology. Vol. 38, pp. 750-758, 2008
The transcription factor (TF) Foxp2 has been shown to partially repress surfactant protein C (SP-C) transcription, presumably through interaction of an independent repressor domain with a conserved Foxp2 consensus site in the SP-C promoter.
American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology. Vol. 38, pp. 715-723, 2008
The dissociation of iron from heme is a major factor in iron metabolism and the cellular concentrations of the metal correlate with heme degradation. We tested the hypotheses that (1) exposure to a product of heme catabolism, carbon monoxide (CO), alters iron homeostasis in the lung and in cultured respiratory epithelial cells; (2) this response includes both decreased uptake and increased release of cell metal; and (3) the effects of CO on cell function track changes in metal homeostasis.
In their review of airway hygiene, Jelic and colleagues highlighted that colonization or infection of the upper airway precedes the development of ventilator-associated pneumonia.
Clinical Pulmonary Medicine. 15(3):161-166, May 2008
Pulmonary arterial hypertension is an increasingly recognized condition that occurs sporadically or in association with various diseases. Currently, 6 Food and Drug Administration-approved therapies for this pulmonary vascular disease exist. Patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension can develop right ventricular failure as a result of the natural history of this condition or from an intercurrent illness.
Clinical Pulmonary Medicine. 15(3):182-183, May 2008
In patients from the Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis II (PIOPED II) study, the presence of enlargement of the right ventricle (RV) without hemodynamic shock or respiratory failure was not associated with an increased risk of death.
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Vol 177. pp. 1262-1267, (2008)
The relative contribution of body proportion and social exposures to ethnic differences in lung function has not previously been reported in the United Kingdom.
Clinical Pulmonary Medicine. 15(3):167-172, May 2008
Lung infections continue to represent a significant burden to the healthcare system and improved antibiotic therapy may serve as a means to improve patient outcomes. Time-dependent antibiotics such as [beta]-lactams and glycopeptides are commonly used as therapy for lung infections, and the emerging data suggest that administration by continuous infusion may result in improved patient outcomes.
Clinical Pulmonary Medicine. 15(3):177-180, May 2008
Patients with cardiac disease are described as high risk for complications, including death, when performing flexible bronchoscopy. Practitioners may, therefore, be reluctant to offer this procedure based on this perceived risk. We review the literature regarding the safety of bronchoscopy in adult patients with cardiac disease.
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Vol 177. pp. 1248-1254, (2008)
In interstitial lung disease complicating systemic sclerosis (SSc-ILD), the optimal prognostic use of baseline pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is uncertain.
Clinical Pulmonary Medicine. 15(3):185-188, May 2008
Pulmonary Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a potentially fatal complication of AIDS/HIV infection. With the development of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the morbidity and mortality associated with AIDS/HIV have decreased significantly. However, a small number of patients started on HAART develop a severe inflammatory response to preexisting pathogens or antigens, known as immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.
Clinical Pulmonary Medicine. 15(3):181-182, May 2008
Use of bosentan in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis demonstrated no improvement in exercise tolerance; however, there was a suggestion of delayed time to death or disease progression.
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Vol 177. pp. 1242-1247, (2008)
Survivors of hospitalization for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) are at increased risk of cardiovascular events, repeat infections, and death in the following months but the cause is unknown.
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Vol 177. pp. 1268-1275, (2008)
Circulating microparticles (MPs) are submicron membrane fragments shed from damaged or activated vascular cells. Endothelial MPs are a biological marker of dysfunctional endothelium. Vascular remodeling and endothelial dysfunction are involved in pulmonary hypertension (PH).
Clinical Pulmonary Medicine. 15(3):173-176, May 2008
Actinomycosis is an old disease, which was first described in the 19th century; it is one of the most misdiagnosed diseases, even among experienced clinicians. Actinomycosis is a chronic, suppurative granulomatous infection, which is usually caused by Actinomyces israelii. The pulmonary form is slowly progressive, showing nonspecific symptoms at the initial presentation.
Clinical Pulmonary Medicine. 15(3):183-184, May 2008
Low-dose hydrocortisone therapy does not decrease mortality in patients who did or did not have a response to corticotropin, which is a reversal of previous study outcomes. Hydrocortisone does reverse shock faster but there may be an associated increase in secondary infections.
Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic granulomatous disorder of unknown etiology. The unpredictable clinical course of the disease has prompted research into biomarkers useful for predicting outcome.
Severe endobronchial papillomatosis is associated with recurrent respiratory infections and airway obstruction. Current management includes treatment with antiviral and cytotoxic agents to slow papilloma growth and endobronchial therapies to excise the lesions.
Beta lactam antibiotics were very effective against Streptococcus pneumoniae. However, resistance to this class of antibiotics has become an increasing problem. Reports of penicillin resistant and multidrug resistant strains are being made in many parts of the world.
The European Journal of Health Economics 1618-7598 (Print) 10.1007/s10198-008-0098-1
In Germany the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) has been recommended as a general infant vaccination since 2006. Data from similar programmes in the USA have reported a reduction of pneumococcal diseases in both vaccinated and unvaccinated populations, suggesting herd immunity effects.
In a case series of 152 children aged from 2 to 132 months will pleural emphema from a paediatric tertiary hospital in Luanda, Angola between September 2004 and March 2005, the authors found a high prevalence of anaemia and malnutrition.
American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology. Vol. 38, pp. 707-714, 2008
Lung fibroblasts are a major source of several cytokines including CC chemokine eotaxin. We aimed to study the regulation of eotaxin-1/CCL11 production by dexamethasone and analyze its molecular mechanisms in human lung fibroblasts.
American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology. Vol. 38, pp. 679-688, 2008
This is the first report to describe a role for Lung Kruppel-like Factor (LKLF or KLF2) in inflammatory airways diseases. In the present study, we identify that LKLF is constitutively expressed in the small airways of normal lungs; however, its expression disappears in severe airway diseases, such as cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Vol 177. pp. 1194-1200, (2008)
Independent replication of genetic associations in complex diseases, particularly in whole-genome association studies, is critical to confirm the association.
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Vol 177. pp. 1180-1186, (2008)
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells responsible for immune homeostasis. In the lung's responses to tissue damage or infection, they initiate and orchestrate innate and adaptive immunity. There are immature and mature states and at least three phenotypic and functional subsets.
Acute lung injury (ALI), including its more severe subcategory, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), is a critical illness associated with considerable morbidity and mortality.
To examine the association of changes in current negative mood and long-term daily hassles with changes in lung function and airway inflammation in patients suffering from asthma and in healthy controls. Associations between psychological factors and asthma symptoms have been documented, but the relationship between airway inflammation and psychological factors has been largely unexplored.
Journal of Medical Systems Volume 32, Number 3 / June, 2008 243-250
In this paper, we have compared the classifier algorithms including C4.5 decision tree, le artificial neural network (ANN), artificial immune recognition system (AIRS), and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) in the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), which is an important disease that affects both the right and the left cardiac ventricle.
Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Volume 10 Issue 6 Page 468-475, June 2008
To determine the association between sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and obesity, diabetes and glucose intolerance among middle-aged men and women in Finland.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the correlation of the perfusion parameters of 3-dimensional, contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (3D CEMRI) with pulmonary function test (PFT) and quantitative computed tomography (CT) parameters in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
The clinical feasibility of oxygen-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lung may benefit from the use of a simple gas delivery method. In this study, the oxygen-induced T1 change of the lung obtained using a closed O2 delivery system was compared with that obtained by a conventional nontight face mask.
To assess susceptibility related signal decay in lung tissue and to measure the influence of body positioning, together with inspiration and expiration, as well as oxygen inhalation. T2* maps and line shape maps of lung parenchyma were derived from datasets acquired at 0.2 T and compared with findings at 1.5 T. The line shape maps allow for a visualization of the intravoxel frequency distribution of lung parenchyma.
To prospectively determine whether the regional distribution of air trapping in patients with suspected or overt bronchiolitis is heterogeneous, and to determine the effect that a simulated reduction of computed tomographic (CT) sections and of scanned anatomic regions would have on the assessment of the extent of air trapping.
Congenital lung anomalies vary widely in their clinical manifestation and imaging appearance. Although radiographs play a role in the incidental detection and initial imaging evaluation in patients with clinical suspicion of congenital lung anomalies, cross-sectional imaging such as computer tomography (CT) is frequently required for confirmation of diagnosis, further characterization, and preoperative evaluation in the case of surgical lesions.
To retrospectively evaluate effectiveness, follow-up imaging features, and safety of microwave ablation in 50 patients with intraparenchymal pulmonary malignancies.
To prospectively determine management strategies used by international thoracic radiologists in evaluation of small (3–5-mm) pulmonary nodules at chest computed tomography (CT).
To prospectively evaluate (a) the diagnostic performance of D-dimer assay for pulmonary embolism (PE) in an oncologic population by using computed tomographic (CT) pulmonary angiography as the reference standard, (b) the association between PE location and assay sensitivity, and (c) the association between assay results and clinical factors that raise suspicion of PE.
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Vol 177. pp. 1215-1222, (2008)
In a clinical trial by the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network (ARDSNet), mechanical ventilation with tidal volumes of 6 ml/kg decreased mortality from acute lung injury. However, interpretations of these results generated controversy and it was unclear if this trial would change usual-care practices.
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Vol 177. pp. 1223-1232, (2008)
Ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) leads to an unacceptably high mortality. In this regard, the antiinflammatory properties of inhaled carbon monoxide (CO) may provide a therapeutic option.
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Vol 177. pp. 1201-1206, (2008)
Computed tomography (CT) has been shown to reliably measure the airway wall dimensions of medium to large airways. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a promising new micron-scale resolution imaging technique that can image small airways 2 mm in diameter or less.
To develop a system for texture-based quantification of emphysema on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and to compare it with density-based quantification in correlation with pulmonary function test (PFT).
Dynamic ventilation 3He-MRI is a new method to assess pulmonary gas inflow. As differing airway diameters throughout the ventilatory cycle can influence gas inflow this study intends to investigate the influence of volume and timing of a 3He gas bolus with respect to the beginning of the tidal volume on inspiratory gas distribution.
Sleep and Breathing 1520-9512 (Print) 10.1007/s11325-008-0188-4
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by repeated cessations of breathing during sleep. Major symptoms of this disease are excessive daytime sleepiness, snoring, and witnessed apnea.
Lung transplantation is an important option to treat patients with advanced Cystic Fibrosis (CF) lung disease. We report the outcomes of a large UK cohort of CF lung transplantation recipients.
Migraine is a common neurological disorder with a great impact on the quality of life and social activities. Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) are mostly congenital, with a prevalence of 5-50% in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT).
Patients with COPD walk less than healthy older people and their self-reported activity predicts exacerbation risk. The relationship between lower limb activity and total daily activity is not known nor is there data relating objectively assessed daily activity to laboratory assessments made before and after rehabilitation.
Clinical Pulmonary Medicine. 15(3):153-160, May 2008
Receiving care in an intensive care unit (ICU) can greatly influence patients' survival and quality of life. The benefit achieved in terms of improved survival rates is particularly attributed to the favorable changes in supportive care made over the past decades. The improved acute phase survival, however, was associated with a growing number of long-term ICU residents at high risk for infection, especially when orally intubated.
Clinical Pulmonary Medicine. 15(3):138-144, May 2008
Exposure to microbial aerosols from indoor hot tubs and therapy pools can cause granulomatous lung disease. However, the clinical presentation, causative antigen, and factors affecting outcome remain poorly understood.
Clinical Pulmonary Medicine. 15(3):132-137, May 2008
Detection of herpes simplex virus (HSV) in the upper and lower respiratory tracts has been well described. In the throat, the viral reactivation is probably because of the immunoparalysis observed in such patients and/or as a result of microtrauma.
Clinical Pulmonary Medicine. 15(3):127-131, May 2008
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains a major cause of morbidity in the Western world. Patients with COPD are prone to acute exacerbation that may cause a substantial decline in functional status, hospitalization, and even death.
COPD is characterised by loss of alveolar elastic fibers and by lack of effective repair. Elastic fibers are assembled at cell surfaces by elastin binding protein (EBP), a molecular chaperone whose function can be reversibility inhibited by chondroitin sulphate of matrix proteoglycans such as versican.
Active smoking increases asthma severity and is related to diminished treatment efficacy. Animal models in which inhalation of both allergen and mainstream cigarette smoke are combined can help us to understand the complex interaction between both agents. We have recently shown that, in allergic mice, the airway inflammation can be cleared by repeated allergen challenge, resulting in the establishment of a state of inhalational tolerance.
Sleep Medicine Volume 9, Issue 3, Pages 273-282 (March 2008)
The neurotensin gene (NTS), a known dopamine modulator, is located within the candidate region for the first genetic locus of restless legs syndrome (RLS1) on chromosome 12q. Though no causative mutation was found in selected patients in a previous mutation analysis, the involvement of NTS in RLS cannot be completely excluded as a potential positional and functional candidate gene.
Sleep medicine Volume 9, Issue 3, Pages 283-289 (March 2008)
Because the diagnosis of restless legs syndrome (RLS) depends on clinical features ascertained by interview, it is important to have structured diagnostic instruments that can guide a diagnostician to an accurate diagnosis.
Sleep Medicine Volume 9, Issue 3, Pages 290-296 (March 2008)
Risk factors and correlates of snoring and observed apnea in the population are not well known. This study aimed to assess risk factors and correlates of snoring and observed apnea.
Sleep Medicine Volume 9, Issue 3, Pages 260-265 (March 2008)
Although several studies have reported an association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and the chromosomal region containing the Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene, findings about the exact location in the ApoE gene have been inconsistent.
Sleep Medicine Volume 9, Issue 3, Pages 254-259 (March 2008)
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been associated with increased systemic inflammatory responses that may contribute to an increased risk for end-organ morbidity. The changes in levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 , and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, both of which play a major role in atherogenesis, a major consequence of OSA, have not specifically been assessed in pediatric patients.
Sleep Medicine Volume 9, Issue 3, Pages 247-253 (March 2008)
Sleep apnea syndrome is an important risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular morbidity and so is cigarette smoking. In both atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, oxidative stress and inflammation have been implicated as underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms. We investigated oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in 70 non-smoking and smoking patients with sleep apnea.
Sleep Medicine Volume 9, Issue 3, Pages 228-239 (March 2008)
In a pilot placebo-controlled study, low dosages of 0.5-2mg/24h rotigotine showed a dose-dependent beneficial effect in restless legs syndrome (RLS) patients.
Sleep Medicine Volume 9, Issue 3, Pages 221-227 (March 2008)
There was an independent association between abnormal sleeping times and type 2 diabetes in middle-aged women. Even after adjustments for age, body mass index, sleep apnea probability, smoking, physical activity, and central nervous system-affecting medication, sleep duration of 6h or less or 8h or longer was independently associated with type 2 diabetes. There was no increase in the prevalence of diabetes in middle-aged men with abnormal sleeping times.
Many authors have hypothesized that inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) might acutely improve oxygenation in preterm neonates with infant respiratory distress syndrome (iRDS) and decrease the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
Clinical & Experimental Allergy, Volume 38, Number 4, April 2008 , pp. 594-601(8)
IL-13 plays a key regulatory role in asthmatic responses and immunity to parasitic infection. In vivo, IL-13R-a2 is a critical modulator of IL-13 bioactivity. When inducibly expressed on the surface of fibroblasts and other cell types under inflammatory conditions, IL-13R-a2 contributes to resolution of IL-13 responses.
Lung transplantation is the treatment option for a variety of end-stage pulmonary diseases. Posttransplant development of Abs against donor HLA and non-HLA Ags have been associated with acute and chronic rejection of transplanted organs.
The purpose of our study was to evaluate the utility of 3-T MRI of the lung for differentiating inflammation- and fibrosis-predominant lesions in the usual and nonspecific types of interstitial pneumonia.
Airway obstruction in children is a rare, but difficult clinical problem, with no clear agreement on optimal therapeutic approach. Stenting of the airway has been used successfully in adults, and is an attractive alternative in children. Fundamental differences of pediatric compared to adult use include the benign nature of most stenoses, the narrow and soft airways of children, the required long-term tolerance and adaptation to growth.
The aim of the present study was to examine the modification of initial empirical treatment based on the microbiological results of bronchoscopic techniques after comparing the diagnostic yield of protected specimen brush (PSB) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in the immunocompetent patient with community acquired pneumonia (CAP) with results obtained from conventional sputum cultures.
Surgical Infections. February 1, 2008, 9(1): 99-104
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is a rare, but severe and potentially fatal, complication after liver transplantation. There is no therapeutic regimen accepted worldwide for both initial and continuation therapy; nevertheless, several options have been proposed.
To determine the frequency of pertussis in children le16 y who had prolonged cough (ge14 d), a prospective study was conducted at an outpatient clinic of a paediatric hospital. Nasopharyngeal swabs were taken for culture and nucleic acid testing by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Bordetella pertussis.
Plasma levels of high mobility group box chromosomal protein-1 (HMGB-1), as well as of other inflammatory molecules such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), were determined in patients with bacterial pneumonia coinfected with influenza virus.
Pneumonia severity assessment systems such as the pneumonia severity index (PSI) and CURB-65 were designed to direct appropriate site of care based on 30-d mortality. Increasingly they are being used to guide empirical antibiotic therapy and also possibly to detect patients who will require admission to the intensive care unit (ICU).
Previous population-based studies have reported a temporal association between respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). We examined this association at an individual level in the Danish population.
The manuscript presents definitive studies of surfactant protein D (SP-D) in the context of inflammatory lung fluids. The extent of SP-D depletion in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of children affected with cystic fibrosis (CF) is demonstrated to correlate best with the presence of the active neutrophil serine protease (NSP) elastase.
S100A7 is a calcium-binding protein with chemotactic and antimicrobial properties. S100A7 protein levels are decreased in nasal lavage fluid from individuals with ongoing allergic rhinitis, suggesting a role for S100A7 in allergic airway inflammation. The aims of this study were to describe genetic variation in S100A7 and search for associations between this variation and allergic rhinitis.
Lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI) is suggested to be a major risk factor for development of primary acute graft failure (PAGF) following lung transplantation, although other factors have been found to interplay with LIRI.
High altitude pulmonary oedema (HAPE) is a well-known potential hazard of activities at high altitudes but not a common disease presentation that most emergency physicians have experience treating.
Clinical Pulmonary Medicine. 15(2):81-96, March 2008
The increasing number and variety of patients with compromised immune systems poses a diagnostic challenge for the chest physician. Manifestations of pulmonary disease on imaging studies are diverse, with substantial overlap possible between entities.
Clinical Pulmonary Medicine. 15(2):63-70, March 2008
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) continues to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. Despite the numerous contributions in the field of the prevention of VAP in the last decade, the majority of issues related to the prevention of VAP remain unresolved and are subject to controversy.
Clinical Pulmonary Medicine. 15(2):55-62, March 2008
The systemic effects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are becoming increasingly apparent. Systemic inflammatory markers are of interest in mediating these systemic effects, and studies have shown that increased levels of inflammatory markers such as fibrinogen and C-reactive protein are associated not only with COPD severity, but also with the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Pediatrics International Volume 50 Issue 2 Page 184-188, April 2008
Funisitis is a manifestation of the fetal inflammatory response syndrome, and intrauterine inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of lung injury in premature infants. The aim of the present paper was to examine the relationship between funisitis and lung injury in premature infants born at <28 weeks gestation. The present study focuses on the number of macrophages in tracheobronchial aspirate fluid (TAF).
Journal of Intensive Care Medicine, Vol. 23, No. 2, 128-135 (2008)
The aim of this study is to analyze neonatal outcome of isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia and to identify prenatal and postnatal prognosis-related factors. A retrospective single institution series from January 2000 to November 2005 of isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia neonates was reviewed. Respiratory-care strategy was early high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, nitric oxide in pulmonary hypertension, and delayed surgery after respiratory and hemodynamic stabilization.
In patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), bacterial-cell-wall-derived fragments may induce the coagulation cascade. To contribute to the knowledge of underlying mechanisms, we have studied the fibrinolytic activity in children with CAP and parapneumonic effusions.
HIV Medicine, Volume 9, Number 4, April 2008 , pp. 203-207(5)
To ascertain the relationship between periods of various antiretroviral therapies and the incidence of first community-acquired pneumococcal pneumonia (CAPP) among HIV-1 infected patients.
Intravenous continuous infusion of betalactam (CIBL) antibiotic and high dose extended interval (HDEI) aminoglycoside therapy theoretically maximize bacterial killing in treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PsA) in pulmonary exacerbations of cystic fibrosis (CF).
We assessed the relationship between particle air pollution and changes in lung function in children as measured by spirometry over time. Data were collected from air pollution and family health examinations of 181 subjects, aged 9-19 years, in a Korean community.
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is an autosomal recessive disease in which ciliary dysfunction leads to chronic lung, sinus, and middle ear disease. PCD is often not diagnosed until late childhood due to its presumed rarity and the technical expertise necessary for diagnosis; as such, little is known about lung disease in young children with PCD.
Pulmonary manifestations of histoplasmosis were last reviewed in Seminars in 2004. This review highlights the management of the most common clinical syndromes, emphasizing recognition, diagnosis, and treatment.
Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation & Prevention. 28(2):79-91, March/April 2008
Exercise training comprises a variety of modalities in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In the last 10 years, neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) has attracted the interests of clinicians as a novel rehabilitative approach.
Clinical Pulmonary Medicine. 15(2):113-117, March 2008
Panniculitis is defined as inflammation of the subcutis. Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is clearly, although uncommonly, associated with panniculitis. Clinical manifestations of panniculitis associated with AATD include red, painful nodular lesions that often weep with an oily discharge and commonly occur on the thighs, buttocks, and areas of physical trauma.
Clinical Pulmonary Medicine. 15(2):120-121, March 2008
The institution of a rapid response team produced faster initiation of important therapeutic interventions and reduced mortality for patients who develop shock.
Clinical Pulmonary Medicine. 15(2):122-125, March 2008
Bronchial atresia is a rare congenital anomaly of the airways associated with regional airway hyperinflation and bronchial mucocele formation. It is often found incidentally during chest radiography performed in young adults. Most patients are asymptomatic but some report dyspnea or frequent respiratory infections.
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Vol 177. pp. 752-762, (2008)
Acquired pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a syndrome characterized by pulmonary surfactant accumulation occurring in association with granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor autoantibodies (autoimmune PAP) or as a consequence of another disease (secondary PAP). Because PAP is rare, prior reports were based on limited patient numbers or a synthesis of historical data.
To retrospectively assess the change in disease pattern of nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) findings seen at thin-section computed tomography (CT) at long-term follow-up and to compare the same with initial findings at CT.
Chemical warfare agents (CWA) including sulfur mustard (SM) were commonly used in Iran-Iraq war. Respiratory problems are the greatest cause of long-term disability among people who had combat exposure to SM. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) has been accepted as the imaging modality of choice in these patients.
Data suggest that obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) results in sympathetic stimulation, brady/tachycardia and cardiac stress. Heart rate variability, but not baseline heart rate, is known to be elevated in pediatric OSA. Our patients with moderate to severe OSA (McGill Oximetry Scores of 3 or 4) have been re-evaluated with pulse oximetry after adenotonsillectomy (T&A). We hypothesized that pulse rate (PR) and pulse rate variability (PRV) would decrease after treatment of OSA with T&A.
Clinical Pulmonary Medicine. 15(2):71-80, March 2008
Pulmonary complications in patients with hematologic malignancies is commonly encountered by clinicians. Some of these complications are believed to be related to direct toxicity of the drug itself. Novel antineoplastic agents with activity against hematologic malignancies are constantly being introduced into practice and clinical trials.
Clinical Pulmonary Medicine. 15(2):97-105, March 2008
Obesity represents a growing epidemic in the United States. As the population ages and prevalence of obesity increases, the number of obese people admitted to the medical intensive care unit (MICU) will likely increase.
The goal of this research was to begin the process of evaluating acceptability of infection control (IC) recommendations to CF patients and their families, determine whether compliance with IC guidelines differs from compliance with traditional CF medical treatment with respect to the variables predictive of compliance, and assess which patients are most likely to comply with IC recommendations.
The Streptococcus milleri group (SMG) is increasingly recognized for their role in pyogenic infections including empyema and solid organ abscesses. However, SMG disease has rarely been identified in cystic fibrosis (CF). Inherent difficulties in both growing the organisms and distinguishing SMG from less virulent oropharyngeal viridans streptococci may have led to a decreased recognition of this as a CF pathogen.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 268, Issue 1, Pages 193-194 (15 May 2008)
Patent foramen ovale is a defect in the interatrial septum associated with cryptogenic stroke. The presumed mechanism of cryptogenic stroke due to a patent foramen ovale is the migration of thrombus from the venous side of the circulation to the left atrium with subsequent systematic embolism, called paradoxical embolization.
Appropriate parameters are needed for the monitoring of children with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Various biologic markers seem to be of use in adults with PAH. No data are available on their value in children with PAH.
Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are the mainstay of long-term treatment of asthma. In moderate and severe persistent asthma, long acting beta-2 agonists (LABA) such as salmeterol and formoterol are added to ICS.
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 294: L431-L439, 2008
Pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) are enriched with progenitor cells that underlie their rapid proliferation and vasculogenic capacity. However, the molecular basis for such an enhanced growth potential is unknown.
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 294: L419-L430, 2008
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been isolated postnatally from bone marrow, blood, and both the intima and adventitia of conduit vessels. However, it is unknown whether EPCs can be isolated from the lung microcirculation.
Clinical & Experimental Immunology, Volume 152, Number 1, April 2008 , pp. 95-101(7)
The aetiology of idiopathic bronchiectasis, a lung disease where chronic inflammation and bacterial infection leads to progressive lung damage, is unknown. A possible role for natural killer cells has been highlighted previously. However, a role for adaptive immunity is suggested by the presence of CD4 and CD8 T cells in diseased lung tissue.
We report a 5-year-old girl who presented to our emergency room with respiratory arrest and limb deformities and was subsequently diagnosed with X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets.
Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation & Prevention. 28(2):128-141, March/April 2008
To determine the effect of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) (alone or combined with exercise and/or pulmonary rehabilitation) and compare with other rehabilitation interventions among adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Because clarithromycin provided beneficiary nonantibiotic effects in experimental studies, its efficacy was tested in patients with sepsis and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).
The purpose of our study was to evaluate contrast-enhanced MR angiography (CE-MRA) as a screening procedure for the detection of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HTT).
We present a case of prominent glossopharyngeal muscles causing severe obstructive symptoms in a 3-month-old child. Preoperative sleep studies and dynamic microdirect laryngoscopy were used in evaluation of the patient.
A number of emergency departments have introduced non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIV) and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for patients presenting with acute respiratory failure. It is thought that early non-invasive respiratory support will avoid the need for invasive ventilation in many cases.
Brain abscesses and ischaemic strokes complicate pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs). At risk individuals are poorly recognised. Stroke/abscess risk factors have not been defined.
Acute lung injury is an important cause of respiratory failure in the critically ill patient. It is caused by damage to the alveolar barrier with subsequent alveolar flooding leading to the development of refractory hypoxaemia.
Improved survival from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is dependent on better understanding of the epidemiology of the disease, its diagnostic spectrum in global terms and an analysis of outcomes from emerging therapies at a significant level.
The immune response to bacterial antigens on mucosal surfaces may be modified in individuals allergic to aeroallergens due to a maturational or genetic difference or from the interaction between inhaled allergens and bacteria at the mucosa.
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