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July 16-31 2008 Postings (Note: Some archived links may become inactive)

07/31/2008 02:41 PM

Interferon-(gamma) and Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor Therapy in Three Patients with Pulmonary Aspergillosis

Infection 0300-8126 (Print) 10.1007/s15010-008-7378-7

An immune response mediated by type 2 cytokines is thought to contribute to the development and unfavorable outcome of aspergillosis.


07/31/2008 02:40 PM

Pulmonary Embolism Mimicking Anteroseptal Acute Myocardial Infarction

JAOA Vol 108 No 7 July 2008 344-349

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a potentially lethal condition that presents in patients with chest pain or shortness of breath. Although electrocardiograms (ECGs) typically demonstrate abnormalities associated with PE, ST-segment elevation, which can indicate anteroseptal acute myocardial infarction (AMI), has-on rare occasions-been noted on ECGs of patients with acute PE.


07/31/2008 02:39 PM

Development of the Premature Infant Nose Throat-Model (PrINT-Model)-An Upper Airway Replica of a Premature Neonate for the Study of Aerosol Delivery

Pediatric Research. 64(2):141-146, August 2008

Clinical efficacy of aerosol therapy in premature newborns depends on the efficiency of delivery of aerosolized drug to the bronchial tree. To study the influence of various anatomical, physical, and physiological factors on aerosol delivery in preterm newborns, it is crucial to have appropriate in vitro models, which are currently not available.


07/31/2008 02:38 PM

Genetics of sarcoidosis

Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine. 14(5):434-439, September 2008

Increased familial occurrences as well as different disease modes in different ethnic groups suggest a genetic influence in sarcoidosis. Also, genetic analyses have revealed a number of chromosomal regions and specific genes associated with sarcoidosis. This review brings up some recent discoveries on the genetic contribution to sarcoidosis.


07/31/2008 02:37 PM

Anti-Selectin Therapy for the Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases

Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Formerly Current Drug Targets - Inflammation & Allergy), Volume 7, Number 2, June 2008 , pp. 85-93(9)

Leukocyte migration into the tissues represents a key process in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. Data obtained in clinical trials have convincingly shown that inhibition of leukocyte migration into the target organs represents an effective therapeutic approach for diseases in which inflammation has a noxious effect.


07/31/2008 02:36 PM

Asthma control and future asthma-related morbidity in inner-city asthmatic children

Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, Volume 101, Number 2, August 2008 , pp. 144-152(9)

Asthma guidelines recommend routine evaluation of asthma control, which includes measurements of impairment and risk. It is unclear whether rigorous asthma control changes risk of asthma morbidity.


07/31/2008 02:35 PM

Physiological determinants of the pulmonary filtration coefficient

Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 295: L235-L237, 2008

Current emphasis on translational application of genetic models of lung disease has renewed interest in the measurement of the gravimetric filtration coefficient (Kf) as a means to assess vascular permeability changes in isolated perfused lungs.


07/31/2008 02:34 PM

Lung-selective gene responses to alveolar hypoxia: potential role for the bone morphogenetic antagonist gremlin in pulmonary hypertension

Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 295: L272-L284, 2008

Pulmonary hypoxia is a common complication of chronic lung diseases leading to the development of pulmonary hypertension. The underlying sustained increase in vascular resistance in hypoxia is a response unique to the lung.


07/31/2008 02:33 PM

Arsenic upregulates MMP-9 and inhibits wound repair in human airway epithelial cells

Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 295: L293-L302, 2008

As part of the innate immune defense, the polarized conducting lung epithelium acts as a barrier to keep particulates carried in respiration from underlying tissue. Arsenic is a metalloid toxicant that can affect the lung via inhalation or ingestion.


07/31/2008 02:33 PM

Successful Surgical Management of Invasive Aspergillosis of the Pulmonary Arteries

Ann Thorac Surg 2008;86:655-657

We describe an 11-year-old girl with severe obstruction of the main pulmonary arteries caused by invasive aspergillosis and managed with combined pulmonary endarterectomy and antimycotic treatment.


07/31/2008 02:32 PM

Intrathoracic Psammomatous Melanotic Schwannoma Associated With the Carney Complex

Ann Thorac Surg 2008;86:657-660

The Carney complex is a multiple neoplasia syndrome characterized by myxomas, schwannomas, mucocutaneous spotty pigmentations, and endocrine overactivity with or without endocrine tumors.


07/31/2008 02:31 PM

Usefulness of pretest clinical score (4Ts) combined with immunoassay for the diagnosis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia

Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine. 14(5):397-402, September 2008

This review addresses the clinical and biological strategy to be applied for the diagnosis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.


07/31/2008 02:30 PM

Prevention of venous thromboembolism after ischemic stroke

Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine. 14(5):389-396, September 2008

Venous thromboembolism is an important cause of morbidity and mortality after stroke. Its potential for prevention is substantial with the use of antithrombotic agents, but there is no agreement on the relative advantages and disadvantages of various available prophylactic drugs. There have been recent publications that clarify some of these issues.


07/31/2008 02:29 PM

Clinical relevance of distal deep vein thrombosis

Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine. 14(5):408-413, September 2008

To discuss pros and cons of anticoagulant treatment in the presence of symptomatic distal deep vein thrombosis.


07/31/2008 02:28 PM

The information and support needs of patients discharged after a short hospital stay for treatment of low-risk Community Acquired Pneumonia: implications for treatment without admission

BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2008, 8:11

There is increasing evidence that patients with low-risk community acquired pneumonia (CAP) can be effectively treated as outpatients. This study aimed to explore patients' experiences of having pneumonia and seeking health care; their perceptions of the information provided by health professionals; how they self managed at home; their information and support needs; and their beliefs and preferences regarding site of care.


07/31/2008 02:27 PM

The Treatment Targets of Asthma: From Laboratory to Clinic

Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Formerly Current Drug Targets - Inflammation & Allergy), Volume 7, Number 2, June 2008 , pp. 119-128(10)

Asthma is a chronic disease characterised by airways hyperresponsiveness, airways inflammation, airways remodelling and reversible airways obstruction. Airway structural cells, recruited inflammatory cells and many mediators such as cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules are involved in the pathogenesis of asthma.


07/31/2008 02:25 PM

Dornase alfa and progression of lung disease in cystic fibrosis

Pediatric Pulmonology Published Online: 21 Jul 2008

Obstruction, infection, and inflammation lead to progressive and irreversible lung destruction in cystic fibrosis (CF). Neutrophil-derived DNA contributes to thick, viscous secretions. Dornase alfa hydrolyzes DNA, reducing the viscosity of CF sputum.


07/31/2008 02:24 PM

Interstitial lung disease: trials and tribulations

Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine. 14(5):427-433, September 2008

To examine recent advancements in the clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis of diffuse parenchymal disease and pulmonary hypertension due to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, scleroderma and sarcoidosis.


07/31/2008 02:24 PM

Prevention of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized medical patients: addressing some practical questions

Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine. 14(5):381-388, September 2008

To demonstrate that venous thromboembolism is an important and common problem in hospitalized medical patients; to outline anticoagulant prophylaxis management options and the evidence for efficacy and safety; and to identify medical patients in whom anticoagulant prophylaxis should be considered.


07/31/2008 02:23 PM

Prognostic models for selecting patients with acute pulmonary embolism for initial outpatient therapy

Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine. 14(5):414-421, September 2008

This paper reviews recently described prognostic prediction rules (the Geneva score, the Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index, the Spanish score, the Davies criteria, and the HOme Management Exclusion criteria) for patients with acute symptomatic pulmonary embolism, and discusses their usefulness in decision-making regarding the appropriate initial therapy and treatment setting.


07/31/2008 02:22 PM

Effectiveness and cost effectiveness of thrombolysis in patients with acute pulmonary embolism

Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine. 14(5):422-426, September 2008

Acute pulmonary embolism is a common, life-threatening, cardiopulmonary disorder with a high mortality rate within the first 3 months of diagnosis. As prompt anticoagulation is the mainstay of therapy in patients with pulmonary embolism, the clinical utility and cost effectiveness of systemic thrombolysis is debated.


07/31/2008 02:21 PM

Peritoneal and pleural sarcoidosis: an unusual association - review and clinical report

Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine. 14(5):481-487, September 2008

To examine recent reports of serosal involvement in sarcoidosis.


07/31/2008 02:20 PM

Trends and geographical variation in invasive pneumococcal infections in Finland

Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 40, Issue 8 2008 , pages 621 - 628

We evaluated regional variation and trends in invasive pneumococcal infections (IPI) in Finland by using data from national, population-based laboratory surveillance and number of blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cultures performed by all microbiology laboratories during 1995-2002.


07/31/2008 02:20 PM

Right atrial isomerism with infracardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous connection complicated by hiatal hernia

Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2008;34:460-462

A 31-day-old girl with right atrial isomerism, a single atrium, a single right ventricle, pulmonary atresia, patent ductus arteriosus, coarctation of the pulmonary artery, infracardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous connection, and a large hiatal hernia was referred to our institution.


07/31/2008 02:19 PM

The Benefits of Continuous and Digital Air Leak Assessment After Elective Pulmonary Resection: A Prospective Study

Ann Thorac Surg 2008;86:396-401

Air leaks remain the most common pulmonary complication after elective pulmonary resection, yet their assessment, unlike other clinical bedside indicators, remains analogue and not digital.


07/31/2008 02:18 PM

Pumpless Extracorporeal Lung Assist: A 10-Year Institutional Experience

Ann Thorac Surg 2008;86:410-41

Pumpless extracorporeal lung assist (PECLA) was developed to support pulmonary function in patients with severe respiratory insufficiency.


07/31/2008 02:17 PM

Recombinant surfactant protein-D selectively increases apoptosis in eosinophils of allergic asthmatics and enhances uptake of apoptotic eosinophils by macrophages

International Immunology 2008 20(8):993-1007

Pulmonary surfactant protein-D (SP-D) is a multifunctional, pattern recognition molecule involved in resistance to allergen challenge and pulmonary inflammation.


07/31/2008 02:16 PM

Analytic Review: Mass-Casualty Incidents: How Does an ICU Prepare?

Journal of Intensive Care Medicine, Vol. 23, No. 4, 219-235 (2008)

Despite the ever-present risk of mass-casualty incidents (MCIs) in all geographical regions, there is a limited body of literature detailing specifically how an intensive care unit (ICU) prepares for such an event.


07/31/2008 02:15 PM

Asthma control during pregnancy and the risk of preterm delivery or impaired fetal growth

Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, Volume 101, Number 2, August 2008 , pp. 137-143(7)

Concerns regarding potential harmful effect of medications on fetuses often result in inadequate treatment of asthma in pregnancy, whereas risks posed by poorly controlled maternal asthma are often underestimated.


07/31/2008 02:14 PM

Allergy to kiwi in patients with baker's asthma: identification of potential cross-reactive allergens

Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, Volume 101, Number 2, August 2008 , pp. 200-205(6)

Baker's asthma is a frequent IgE-mediated occupational disorder mainly provoked by inhalation of cereal flour. Allergy to kiwifruit has being increasingly reported in the past few years. No association between both allergic disorders has been described so far.


07/31/2008 02:13 PM

Pulmonary Emphysema: Histopathologic Correlation With Minimum Intensity Projection Imaging, High-Resolution Computed Tomography, and Pulmonary Function Test Results

Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography. 32(4):576-582, July/August 2008

To prospectively evaluate the use of minimum-intensity projection (minIP) imaging, high-resolution (HR) computed tomography (CT), and pulmonary function tests for quantifying emphysema with histopathologic examination.


07/31/2008 02:12 PM

Use of dynamic CT in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with comparison of positive and negative pressure ventilation

European Radiology 0938-7994 (Print) 10.1007/s00330-008-1105-8

Negative pressure ventilation via an external device (‘iron lung’) has the potential to provide better oxygenation with reduced barotrauma in patients with ARDS.


07/31/2008 02:12 PM

Localization and Quantification of Regional and Segmental Air Trapping in Asthma

Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography. 32(4):562-569, July/August 2008

To assess the feasibility of volumetric and densitometric software to localize and quantify signs of regional air trapping after methacholine bronchoprovocations in asthma.


07/31/2008 02:11 PM

Discrepancy between clinical asthma control assessment tools and fractional exhaled nitric oxide

Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, Volume 101, Number 2, August 2008 , pp. 124-129(6)

Asthma is an inflammatory disease, yet clinical tools that evaluate asthma control do not include measures of inflammation.


07/31/2008 02:10 PM

Risk factors for death in adults with severe asthma

Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, Volume 101, Number 2, August 2008 , pp. 130-136(7)

To examine mortality risk factors in adult asthma.


07/31/2008 02:09 PM

A role for aerosolized antibiotics

Pediatric Pulmonology Published Online: 21 Jul 2008

Chronic airways infection is associated with the greatest morbidity and mortality of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The CF airways become infected early in life and once established, the infection is difficult, if not impossible, to eradicate, with Pseudomonas aeruginosa becoming the predominant organism over time.


07/31/2008 02:08 PM

Home-Based Exercise Training as Maintenance after Outpatient Pulmonary Rehabilitation

Respiration (DOI: 10.1159/000150315)

Pulmonary rehabilitation is successful in improving exercise capacity and quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, training effects diminish over time.


07/31/2008 01:58 PM

Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen in Lung Cancer and Nonmalignant Respiratory Diseases

Lung 0341-2040 (Print) 10.1007/s00408-008-9108-4

Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) has been found in elevated amounts in patients with squamous cell lung cancer (SQLC).


07/29/2008 03:18 PM

Atypical Mycobacterial Infection in Sequestrated Lung in an Infant Presenting with Chronic Pneumonitis and Recurrent Wheezing

Congenital Heart Disease, Volume 3, Number 4, July/August 2008 , pp. 284-287(4)

An infant was referred to us for persistent cough and recurrent wheezing. Chest X-ray showed an abnormal shadow in the right lower lobe. A volumetric contrast-enhanced computerized tomography (CT) scan of the chest revealed an abnormal blood vessel extending from the descending aorta to the right lower lobe and anomalous venous drainage from the right lower lobe into inferior vena cava.


07/29/2008 03:17 PM

Regional Difference in Compression Artifacts in Low-Dose Chest CT Images: Effects of Mathematical and Perceptual Factors

AJR 2008; 191:W30-W37

he objective of our study was to investigate the difference of perceptible artifacts between the lungs and the chest wall and mediastinum in Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) 2000-compressed low-dose chest CT images and to show that a perceptual image quality metric-the High-Dynamic Range Visual Difference Predictor (HDR-VDP)-can reproduce this regional difference.


07/29/2008 03:16 PM

Dual-Phase 18F-FDG PET in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Nodules with an Initial Standard Uptake Value Less Than 2.5

AJR 2008; 191:475-479

A cutoff standard uptake value (SUV) of 2.5 has been commonly adopted for 18F-FDG PET to evaluate pulmonary lesions, but false results can occur. Studies have shown the usefulness of delayed PET for improving accuracy.


07/29/2008 03:15 PM

CT Angiography in the Evaluation of Acute Pulmonary Embolus

AJR 2008; 191:471-474

We reviewed a total of 575 CT angiograms obtained to evaluate for PE at a large level 1 trauma teaching hospital from January 2004 through March 2005.


07/29/2008 03:14 PM

Find Out When the Next Respiratory Conference Is

Visit our listings of respiratory, pulmonary, ventilator and critical care conferences - broken down by month and year.

View listings for conferences in the US and around the world!

A valuable resource just a click-away.


07/29/2008 03:14 PM

Evaluation and optimization of a commercial enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Chlamydophila pneumoniae IgA antibodies

BMC Infectious Diseases 2008, 8:98

Serologic diagnosis of Chlamydophila pneumoniae (Cpn) infection routinely involves assays for the presence of IgG and IgM antibodies to Cpn.


07/29/2008 03:13 PM

Hydrator therapies for cystic fibrosis lung disease

Pediatric Pulmonology Published Online: 21 Jul 2008

Cystic fibrosis (CF) provides an extreme example of the consequences of failed host defense of the lung. Investigation into the nature of the CF defect has revealed that abnormal ion transport activities lead to dehydration of airway surfaces and defective mucus clearance.


07/29/2008 03:12 PM

Improving therapeutic strategies for secondary bacterial pneumonia following influenza

Future Microbiology, Volume 3, Number 4, August 2008 , pp. 397-404(8)

Secondary bacterial pneumonia following influenza is an old problem, which is re-emerging. Despite rapid advances in our armamentarium of antimicrobials, the case-fatality rate for this frequent complication of influenza remains high.


07/29/2008 03:11 PM

Can Malignant and Benign Pulmonary Nodules Be Differentiated with Diffusion-Weighted MRI?

AJR 2008; 191:464-470

The objective of our study was to evaluate whether diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with a high b factor can be used to differentiate malignancies from benign pulmonary nodules.


07/29/2008 03:10 PM

Respiratory Failure Caused by Giant Thymolipoma

Ann Thorac Surg 2008;86:661-663

The authors present the case of a 31-year-old woman with a massive anterior mediastinal tumor who presented with respiratory failure. A thoracic computed tomographic scan suggested a mediastinal lipomatous mass, and an operation was performed.


07/29/2008 03:10 PM

Endoluminal Pulmonary Artery Banding: Technique, Applications and Results

Ann Thorac Surg 2008;86:588-595

Occasionally pulmonary artery banding is necessary to reduce pulmonary arterial blood flow and pressure in patients who cannot be repaired in a single stage. Traditional extraluminal PAB can be associated with significant morbidity.


07/29/2008 03:09 PM

"Spiral-Cuff" Technique for Repair of Anomalous Left Coronary Artery From the Pulmonary Artery

Ann Thorac Surg 2008;86:667-668

We describe a new technique for coronary transfer in the repair of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery. The left coronary artery is elongated with the native pulmonary artery wall to form a spiral-shaped coronary cuff to construct an unstretched new left coronary artery system from the ascending aorta.


07/29/2008 03:08 PM

Pleural Interventions: Management of Acute and Chronic Pneumothorax

Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2008; 29: 427-440

Pneumothorax is a common clinical entity that may present to a wide variety of medical specialties. Primary pneumothorax (in the presence of no known underlying lung disease) and secondary pneumothorax (in known lung disease) are distinct entities with varied etiology, treatment, and prognosis.


07/29/2008 03:07 PM

Percutaneous Lung Biopsy: An Ordering Clinician's Guide to Current Practice

Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2008; 29: 323-334

The discovery of a pulmonary nodule or mass usually leads to a clinical assessment of patient risk factors for malignancy and an imaging workup.


07/29/2008 03:07 PM

Microwave Ablation in the Treatment of Primary Lung Tumors

Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2008; 29: 384-394

Recent years have witnessed the refinement and significant growth of several new, minimally invasive approaches for the nonsurgical treatment of primary lung malignancies.


07/29/2008 03:06 PM

Mediastinal, Hilar, and Pleural Image-Guided Biopsy: Current Practice and Techniques

Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2008; 29: 350-360

Cross-sectional imaging of the chest with computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging, and at times, ultrasonography exquisitely delineates mediastinal, hilar, and pleural pathologies.


07/29/2008 03:05 PM

Diagnosis and Management of Parapneumonic Effusions

Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2008; 29: 414-426

Parapneumonic effusions affect many patients and are associated with considerable morbidity and mortality.


07/29/2008 03:04 PM

Risk Factors of Childhood Asthma in Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil

Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 2008 54(4):253-257

Epidemiological studies have shown increased prevalence of asthma over the last decades and a considerable variation in these rates between different countries, mainly developed.


07/29/2008 03:03 PM

The impact of generic-only drug benefits on patients' use of inhaled corticosteroids in a Medicare population with asthma

BMC Health Services Research 2008, 8:151

Patients face increasing insurance restrictions on prescription drugs, including generic-only coverage. There are no generic inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), which are a mainstay of asthma therapy, and patients pay the full price for these drugs under generic-only policies.


07/29/2008 03:02 PM

Pathology of hypersensitivity pneumonitis

Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine. 14(5):440-454, September 2008

Hypersensitity pneumonitis, caused by inhalation of various antigens, is characterized by interstitial mononuclear cell infiltration, nonnecrotizing granulomas, cellular bronchiolitis, and fibrosis.


07/29/2008 03:01 PM

Diffuse pulmonary ossification: an unusual interstitial lung disease

Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine. 14(5):488-492, September 2008

Diffuse pulmonary ossification is a rare disease characterized by diffuse small bone fragments in the lung tissue. It can be idiopathic or associated with underlying chronic pulmonary or heart diseases.


07/29/2008 03:01 PM

Role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in hyperoxia-induced enhancement of contractility and impairment of relaxation in lung parenchyma

Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 295: L348-L355, 2008

Prolonged hyperoxic exposure contributes to neonatal lung injury, and airway hyperreactivity is characterized by enhanced contraction and impaired relaxation of airway smooth muscle.


07/29/2008 03:00 PM

Hydrogen peroxide decreases endothelial nitric oxide synthase promoter activity through the inhibition of AP-1 activity

Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 295: L370-L377, 2008

Previously, we have reported that endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) promoter activity is decreased in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs) in response to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).


07/29/2008 02:59 PM

Cytosolic phospholipase A2{alpha} activation induced by S1P is mediated by the S1P3 receptor in lung epithelial cells

Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 295: L326-L335, 2008. First published May 23, 2008

Cytosolic phospholipase A2{alpha} (cPLA2{alpha}) activation is a regulatory step in the control of arachidonic acid (AA) liberation for eicosanoid formation. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid mediator involved in the regulation of many important proinflammatory processes and has been found in the airways of asthmatic subjects.


07/29/2008 02:58 PM

Critical role of Cdc42 in mediating endothelial barrier protection in vivo

Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 295: L363-L369, 2008

Activation of the Rho GTPase Cdc42 has been shown in endothelial cell monolayers to prevent disassembly of interendothelial junctions and the increase in endothelial permeability.


07/29/2008 02:57 PM

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-{gamma} in cystic fibrosis lung epithelium

Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 295: L303-L313, 2008

The pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis (CF) inflammatory lung disease is not well understood. CF airway epithelial cells respond to inflammatory stimuli with increased production of proinflammatory cytokines as a result of increased NF-{kappa}B activation.


07/29/2008 02:57 PM

The science of aerosol delivery in cystic fibrosis

Pediatric Pulmonology Published Online: 21 Jul 2008

Aerosolized drugs are universally used for treatment of cystic fibrosis airway disease. Inhalation can increase topical efficacy and reduce systemic exposure and toxicity of many drugs.


07/29/2008 02:56 PM

Radiofrequency Ablation of Pulmonary Malignancies

Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2008; 29: 361-383

Several surgical, medical, irradiative, and image-guided focal ablative therapies are available for patients with primary non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) or pulmonary metastases.


07/29/2008 02:55 PM

Lung Biopsy: Special Techniques

Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2008; 29: 335-349

Transthoracic needle biopsy of the indeterminate pulmonary nodule is a well-established, highly accurate, and minimally invasive diagnostic procedure.


07/29/2008 02:54 PM

Management of Malignant Pleural Effusions

Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2008; 29: 405-413

Malignant pleural effusions (MPEs) are commonly seen as complications of advanced malignancy, especially in lung cancer and breast cancer.


07/29/2008 02:54 PM

Venous ultrasonography in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients: an updated review

Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine. 14(5):374-380, September 2008

Venous ultrasound is a major tool in both routine clinical care and clinical research. Since the last review, major attempts have been made to improve its methodological strength, and therefore, its value in assessing diagnostic criteria, risks, and outcomes in venous thromboembolism.


07/29/2008 02:53 PM

Pulmonary hypertension in interstitial lung disease

Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine. 14(5):462-469, September 2008

To examine recent advances in the understanding of the prevalence, pathophysiology, natural history, diagnosis, and treatment of pulmonary hypertension associated with interstitial lung disease.


07/29/2008 02:45 PM

Diagnosis of sarcoidosis

Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine. 14(5):455-461, September 2008

To describe the recent advances in the diagnostic procedures for sarcoidosis and explore future directions.


07/29/2008 02:44 PM

Obesity and the lung: 2 {middle dot} Obesity and sleep-disordered breathing

Thorax 2008;63:738-746

As the prevalence of obesity increases in both the developed and the developing world, the respiratory consequences are often underappreciated. This review discusses the presentation, pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of the obstructive sleep apnoea, overlap and obesity hypoventilation syndromes.


07/29/2008 02:43 PM

Systolic blood pressure is superior to other haemodynamic predictors of outcome in community acquired pneumonia

Thorax 2008;63:698-702

Admission blood pressure (BP) assessment is a central component of severity assessment for community acquired pneumonia. The aim of this study was to establish which readily available haemodynamic measure on admission is most useful for predicting severity in patients admitted with community acquired pneumonia.


07/29/2008 02:41 PM

Influenza-like illness in residential care homes: a study of the incidence, aetiological agents, natural history and health resource utilisation

Thorax 2008;63:690-697

Influenza-like illness (ILI) among elderly people living in residential care homes (RCHEs) is a common cause for hospitalisation.


07/29/2008 02:41 PM

Thalidomide inhibits the intractable cough of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Thorax 2008;63:749

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive lung disorder of unknown aetiology that leads to death in the majority of patients within 3-5 years of diagnosis.


07/29/2008 02:40 PM

Pre-cessation varenicline treatment vs post-cessation NRT: an uneven playing field

Thorax 2008;63:751-752

The study by Aubin et al1 published in this issue is significant in that it is the first head-to-head comparison of the two smoking cessation pharmacotherapies: varenicline and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT).


07/29/2008 02:39 PM

IL1 may be elevated but is it all bad in ARDS?

Thorax 2008;63:750-751

Frank et al have elegantly demonstrated in animal models of ventilator associated lung injury (VALI) that interleukin 1{beta} (IL1{beta}) may play a role in the development of alveolar barrier dysfunction.


07/29/2008 02:38 PM

Counting, analysing and reporting exacerbations of COPD in randomised controlled trials

Thorax 2008;63:749-750

I read with interest the article by Aaron et al.1 In this paper, data from the Optimal Trial2 were reanalysed for the purpose of examining the effect of differences in counting and analysing exacerbation rates on estimated treatment effects in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).


07/29/2008 02:37 PM

Bronchial response pattern of antigen presenting cells and regulatory T cells in children less than 2 years of age

Thorax 2008;63:703-709

In early childhood, the ability to mount protective immune responses in the airways is impaired, with increased risk of allergic sensitisation to inhaled allergens. Antigen presenting cells (APC) and regulatory T cells (Treg) are important modifiers of T cell immunity but little is known about their distribution in bronchial mucosa at this age.


07/29/2008 02:36 PM

Ambient air pollution triggers wheezing symptoms in infants

Thorax 2008;63:710-716

There is limited evidence for the role of air pollution in the development and triggering of wheezing symptoms in young children. A study was undertaken to examine the effect of exposure to air pollution on wheezing symptoms in children under the age of 3 years with genetic susceptibility to asthma.


07/29/2008 02:35 PM

Pulmonary puzzle

Thorax 2008;63:753

The differential diagnosis for pulmonary infiltrates in the immunocompromised host includes opportunistic infections, drug toxicity, alveolar haemorrhage and progression of the primary disease.


07/29/2008 02:34 PM

IL6 and dendritic cells in allergic asthma

Thorax 2008;63:731

Interleukin (IL)6 production by antigen-presenting dendritic cells (DCs) is integral to the differentiation of T helper cells into T helper type Th1, Th2 and Th17 subsets. However, molecular mechanisms that regulate IL6 production in DCs are yet to be elucidated.


07/29/2008 02:34 PM

Gene modulation and severity of lung disease in cystic fibrosis

Thorax 2008;63:670

Progressive lung disease is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The severity and progression of lung disease, which has a poor correlation with CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) genotype, is thought to be modulated by secondary genetic factors known as CF modifiers.


07/29/2008 02:32 PM

Early routine follow-up chest radiographs for pneumonia are not useful

Thorax 2008;63:737

This study investigated the clinical value of chest radiographs during the 4-week period after diagnosis of severe community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in immune competent hospitalised patients.


07/29/2008 02:31 PM

Bilateral nodular pulmonary infiltrates in an immunocompromised host

Thorax 2008;63:746

A 74-year-old man of Jamaican origin residing in the USA for 20 years presented to the hospital with progressively increasing shortness of breath and low-grade fever for 3 weeks. He had been diagnosed with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma 6 months prior to admission and started on chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone, with the last dose 12 days before presentation. In the hospital he was found to be hypoxic (82% saturation on room air) and required intubation and mechanical ventilation in the next 24 h.


07/29/2008 02:29 PM

Bronchial cast formation associated with loss of immunoglobulin and calcium

Thorax 2008;63:754

A 42-year-old Caucasian woman presented with dyspnoea and expectoration of white stringy phlegm with a consistency between goat’s cheese and chewing gum.


07/29/2008 02:28 PM

The place of varenicline in smoking cessation treatment

Thorax 2008;63:666-668

In this issue of Thorax Aubin and colleagues1 report a further trial from the Varenicline Phase III Programme (see page 717). The trials supporting registration contrasted bupropion with varenicline in a double placebo design.


07/29/2008 02:27 PM

Life in slow motion: quantifying physical activity in COPD

Thorax 2008;63:663-664

We probably all acknowledge that regular spontaneous physical activity plays a large role in maintaining health and physical fitness. In health, the promotion of regular physical activity has been a feature of active living since at least the time of Ancient Greece. In more modern times we have continued this tradition by encouraging our children to play sport and sustaining recreational physical activity through to old age.


07/29/2008 02:26 PM

CRB-65 for the assessment of pneumonia severity: who could ask for more?

Thorax 2008;63:665-666

According to a widespread consensus reflected in all authoritative guidelines, assessment of severity is the key step in the management of patients with community acquired pneumonia (CAP).


07/29/2008 02:17 PM

Outcomes of lung transplantation for cystic fibrosis in a large UK cohort

Thorax 2008;63:725-731

Lung transplantation is an important option to treat patients with advanced cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. The outcomes of a large UK cohort of CF lung transplantation recipients is reported.


07/29/2008 02:16 PM

Clinical outcome following lung transplantation in patients with cystic fibrosis colonised with Burkholderia cepacia complex: results from two French centres

Thorax 2008;63:732-737

Infection with Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) is a life threatening complication of cystic fibrosis (CF), often seen as a contraindication for lung transplantation.


07/29/2008 02:15 PM

Lower limb activity and its determinants in COPD

Thorax 2008;63:683-689

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) walk less than healthy older people and their self-reported activity predicts exacerbation risk. The relationship between lower limb activity and total daily activity is not known, nor are there any data which relate objectively assessed daily activity to laboratory assessments made before and after rehabilitation.


07/29/2008 02:14 PM

Weight loss and asthma: a systematic review

Thorax 2008;63:671-676

Epidemiological studies first demonstrated the association between obesity and asthma and they have begun to provide additional evidence to support causality: a dose-effect relationship, consistency across studies (especially among women) and the correct temporal order (ie, obesity before asthma).


07/29/2008 02:13 PM

The leucotriene receptor antagonist montelukast and the risk of Churg-Strauss syndrome: a case-crossover study

Thorax 2008;63:677-682

There has been some concern that leucotriene receptor antagonists might precipitate the onset of Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS). A study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between the leucotriene receptor antagonist montelukast and the onset of CSS.


07/26/2008 08:06 AM

Low night-to-night variability of sleep disordered breathing in patients with stable congestive heart failure

Clinical Research in Cardiology 1861-0684 (Print) 10.1007/s00392-008-0695-0

Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) has a high prevalence and prognostic impact in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF).


07/26/2008 08:06 AM

Invasive pneumococcal infections among persons with and without underlying medical conditions: implications for prevention strategies

BMC Infectious Diseases 2008, 8:96doi:10.1186/1471-2334-8-96

The 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) is recommended for persons aged 65 years or less with chronic medical conditions. We evaluated the risk and mortality from invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) among persons with and without the underlying medical conditions which are considered PPV23 indications.


07/26/2008 08:04 AM

European consensus guidelines on the management of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

Journal of Perinatal Medicine Volume 35, Number 3

Despite recent advances in the perinatal management of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), controversies still exist. We report the recommendations of a European panel of expert neonatologists who developed consensus guidelines after critical examination of the most up-to-date evidence in 2007.


07/26/2008 08:04 AM

Helicobacter pylori Colonization Is Inversely Associated with Childhood Asthma

The Journal of Infectious Diseases 2008;198:553-560

Asthma, a serious health problem worldwide, is becoming more common. Colonization with Helicobacter pylori, a major human indigenous (commensal) microbe, during early life may be relevant to the risk of childhood asthma.


07/26/2008 07:47 AM

Pharmacotherapy in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Pharmacotherapy in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Based on the recognition of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis as a fibroproliferative disease with the usual interstitial pneumonia histology, pharmacotherapies should be reconsidered.


07/26/2008 07:46 AM

Gene Expression Profiles During In Vivo Human Rhinovirus Infection: Insights into the Host Response

Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2008, doi:10.1164/rccm.200805-670OC

Human rhinovirus infections cause colds and trigger exacerbations of lower airway diseases. Objectives: To define changes in gene expression profiles during in vivo rhinovirus infections.


07/26/2008 07:45 AM

Early Bactericidal Activity and Pharmacokinetics of the Diarylquinoline TMC207 in Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis{triangledown}

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, August 2008, p. 2831-2835, Vol. 52, No. 8

Tibotec Medicinal Compound 207 (TMC207) is a novel diarylquinoline with a unique mode of action that targets mycobacterial ATP synthase. TMC207 exhibits high in vitro activity against mycobacterial strains either susceptible or resistant to all first-line and many second-line drugs, including fluoroquinolones, and has shown exceptional in vivo activity against several mycobacterial species in different animal models.


07/26/2008 07:44 AM

Estrogen Ameliorates Trauma-hemorrhage-induced Lung Injury via Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase-dependent Activation of Protein Kinase G.

Annals of Surgery. 248(2):294-302, August 2008

In this study, we tested the hypothesis that 17[beta]-estradiol (E2) administration after trauma-hemorrhage reduces lung injury through a mechanism involving estrogen receptor (ER)-dependent activation of the endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS)/protein kinase G (PKG)/vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) pathway.


07/26/2008 07:43 AM

Reliability of home CPAP titration with different automatic CPAP devices

Respiratory Research 2008, 9:56doi:10.1186/1465-9921-9-56

CPAP titration may be completed by automatic apparatus. However, differences in pressure behaviour could interfere with the reliability of pressure recommendations. Our objective was to compare pressure behaviour and effective pressure recommendations between three Automatic CPAP machines.


07/26/2008 07:42 AM

Achalasia: unusual cause of chronic cough in children

Cough 2008, 4:6doi:10.1186/1745-9974-4-6

Achalasia is a rare motility disorder of the esophagus which results from lack of enervation of the lower sphincter muscles and leads to dilatation of the proximal esophagus.


07/26/2008 07:41 AM

Essential Role of Pre-B-Cell Colony Enhancing Factor in Ventilator-induced Lung Injury

Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2008, doi:10.1164/rccm.200712-1822OC

We previously demonstrated pre-B cell colony enhancing factor (PBEF) as a biomarker in sepsis and sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) with genetic variants conferring ALI susceptibility.


07/26/2008 07:40 AM

Potential Role of High Mobility Group Box 1 in Cystic Fibrosis Airway Disease

Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2008, doi:10.1164/rccm.200712-1894OC

High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a potent inflammatory mediator elevated in sepsis and rheumatoid arthritis, although its role in cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is unknown.


07/26/2008 07:35 AM

Epithelial Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Apoptosis in Sporadic Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2008, doi:10.1164/rccm.200802-313OC

The molecular pathomechanisms underlying IPF are still elusive, but chronic epithelial injury has recently been suggested as key event.


07/26/2008 07:35 AM

Endothelial Function and Arterial Stiffness in Minimally Symptomatic Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2008, doi:10.1164/rccm.200805-717OC

Moderate-severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with endothelial dysfunction, increased arterial stiffness and hypertension. It is not known if minimally symptomatic OSA is also associated with impaired vascular function.


07/26/2008 07:34 AM

Cortical Processing of Respiratory Occlusion Stimuli in Children with Central Hypoventilation

Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2008, doi:10.1164/rccm.200804-606OC

Children with congenital or late-onset central hypoventilation syndrome (CHS) hypoventilate during sleep, although they generally breathe adequately during wakefulness.


07/26/2008 07:33 AM

Determinants of Regional Cerebral Oxygenation in Children with Sleep Disordered Breathing

Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2008, doi:10.1164/rccm.200802-321OC

Rationale An association between neurocognitive deficits and pediatric sleep disordered breathing has been suggested; however, weak correlations between disease severity and functional outcomes underscore the lack of knowledge regarding factors modulating cognitive morbidity of sleep disordered breathing.


07/26/2008 07:32 AM

Proteomic Analysis of Sequential Lung Lavage Proteins during the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2008, doi:10.1164/rccm.200712-1895OC

The purpose of this study was to examine the changes in protein expression in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of patients during the course of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Methods: Using two dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE), the expression of proteins in the BALF from patients on days 1 (n=7), 3 (n=8), and 7 (n=5) of ARDS were compared to findings in normal volunteers (n=9).


07/26/2008 07:31 AM

Inhaled Aztreonam Lysine for Chronic Airway Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Cystic Fibrosis

Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2008, doi:10.1164/rccm.200712-1804OC

The effectiveness and safety of aztreonam lysine for inhalation (AZLI) in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) on maintenance treatment for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) airway infection was evaluated in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.


07/26/2008 07:30 AM

Human Metapneumovirus in Lung Transplant Recipients and Comparison to Respiratory Syncitial Virus

Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2008, doi:10.1164/rccm.200711-1657OC

Human Metapneumovirus is a newly described virus isolated in 2001 from children with acute respiratory infection. It has subsequently been reported globally although there is limited data in lung transplant recipients.


07/24/2008 03:23 PM

Neuromuscular disease and respiratory failure

Practical Neurology 2008;8:229-237

Neurologists should be able to anticipate and recognise the onset of respiratory failure in patients with neuromuscular disorders. Symptoms will differ depending on the speed of onset of the respiratory muscle weakness.


07/24/2008 03:23 PM

Changing Epidemiology of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease among White Mountain Apache Persons in the Era of the Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine

Clinical Infectious Diseases 2008;47:476-484

Prior to the introduction of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7), the rate of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) was 8-fold higher among White Mountain Apache persons of all ages than it was among the general US population.


07/24/2008 03:21 PM

Differences in Compression Artifacts on Thin- and Thick-Section Lung CT Images

AJR 2008; 191:W38-W43

The purpose of our study was to show the difference of Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) 2000 compression artifacts in the lung between thin- and thick-section CT images.


07/24/2008 03:20 PM

MDCT assessment of airway wall thickness in COPD patients using a new method: correlations with pulmonary function tests

European Radiology 0938-7994 (Print) 10.1007/s00330-008-1089-4

Quantitative assessment of airway-wall dimensions by computed tomography (CT) has proven to be a marker of airway-wall remodelling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients.


07/24/2008 03:13 PM

Review: Oxidant-antioxidant imbalance in asthma: scientific evidence, epidemiological data and possible therapeutic options

Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease, Vol. 2, No. 4, 215-235 (2008)

Prevalence of asthma has increased considerably in recent decades throughout the world especially in developed countries. Airway inflammation is thought to be prime cause for repeated episodes of airway obstruction in asthmatics. Several studies have shown that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a key role in initiation as well as amplification of inflammation in asthmatic airways.


07/24/2008 02:54 PM

Connexin-43 upregulation in micrometastases and tumor vasculature and its role in tumor cell attachment to pulmonary endothelium

BMC Medicine 2008, 6:20

The modulation of gap junctional communication between tumor cells and between tumor and vascular endothelial cells during tumorigenesis and metastasis is complex. The notion of a role for loss of gap junctional intercellular communication in tumorigenesis and metastasis has been controversial.


07/24/2008 02:53 PM

Low Serum Mannose-Binding Lectin Level Increases the Risk of Death due to Pneumococcal Infection

Clinical Infectious Diseases 2008;47:510-516

Previous studies have shown associations between low mannose-binding lectin (MBL) level or variant MBL2 genotype and sepsis susceptibility. However, MBL deficiency has not been rigorously defined, and associations with sepsis outcomes have not been subjected to multivariable analysis.


07/24/2008 02:52 PM

Aerosol therapy in cystic fibrosis: Weighing the evidence

Pediatric Pulmonology Published Online: 21 Jul 2008

Aggressive treatment of CF lung disease has markedly increased survival of CF patients and intense research efforts over the last decades have led to new treatment strategies, many of which target the lower airways directly via aerosol.


07/24/2008 02:51 PM

Long-term safety of nebulized formoterol: Results of a twelve-month open-label clinical trial

Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease, Vol. 2, No. 4, 199-208 (2008)

Formoterol fumarate is a long-acting {beta}2-agonist that is an effective bronchodilator for the maintenance management of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.


07/24/2008 02:50 PM

Review: Therapeutic advances in pulmonary arterial hypertension

Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease, Vol. 2, No. 4, 249-265 (2008)

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by vasoconstriction, in situ thrombosis, and vascular remodeling of small pulmonary arteries inducing increased pulmonary arterial resistance. Conventional treatment is based on life style modification and nonspecific treatment (warfarine, diuretics, oxygen).


07/24/2008 02:50 PM

Review: Update on lung transplantation

Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease, Vol. 2, No. 4, 237-247 (2008)

Lung transplantation is a suitable treatment to improve the quality of life and the prognosis of patients with various end-stage pulmonary diseases.


07/24/2008 02:47 PM

Prulifloxacin in the treatment of acute exacerbations of COPD in cigarette smokers

Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease, Vol. 2, No. 4, 209-214 (2008)

Smoking is associated with an increased risk of respiratory tract infection in adults likely because components in the smoke might alter properties of the epithelial cell surface. In studies with smokers suffering from acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD), the most common bacterial pathogens found were mainly Haemophilus influenzae, but also Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Moraxella catarrhalis.


07/24/2008 02:40 PM

Chlorobenzene Induces the NF-k B and p38 MAP Kinase Pathways in Lung Epithelial Cells

Inhalation Toxicology, Volume 20, Issue 9 July 2008 , pages 813 - 820

Chlorobenzene is a volatile organic compound that is used as a solvent in many industrial settings and has been shown to be related with irritations of the respiratory tract. Exposure to chlorobenzene induces the release of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) by lung epithelial cells, a chemokine involved in inflammatory reactions.


07/24/2008 02:39 PM

Occupational Transmission of Acinetobacter baumannii from a United States Serviceman Wounded in Iraq to a Health Care Worker

Clinical Infectious Diseases 2008;47:439-443

Acinetobacter baumannii is increasingly recognized as being a significant pathogen associated with nosocomial outbreaks in both civilian and military treatment facilities. Current analyses of these outbreaks frequently describe patient-to-patient transmission.


07/24/2008 02:38 PM

The efficacy of dietetic intervention in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Journal of Human Nutrition & Dietetics, Volume 21, Number 4, August 2008 , pp. 381-382(2)

Clinical trials have shown that pulmonary rehabilitation can improve the functional status and quality of life of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients (Lacasse, 2006) but there is no research examining the efficacy of group dietetic intervention during standard 8-week rehabilitation courses. Current input is usually limited to a 1-h nutrition education session.


07/24/2008 02:37 PM

Phrenic Nerve Injury Resulting from Percutaneous Ablation of Lung Malignancy

AJR 2008; 191:565-568

The objective of our study was to illustrate the potential for phrenic nerve injury during percutaneous lung ablation, to discuss the importance of this complication, and to review the expected location of the phrenic nerve on chest CT.


07/24/2008 02:36 PM

para-Phenylenediamine: the profile of an important allergen. Results of the IVDK

British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 159, Number 2, August 2008 , pp. 379-386(8)

para-Phenylenediamine (PPD) is an important contact allergen and primarily used in hair dyeing.


07/24/2008 02:34 PM

Use of flavored cigarettes among older adolescent and adult smokers: United States, 2004-2005

Nicotine & Tobacco Research, Volume 10, Issue 7 July 2008 , pages 1209 - 1214

Cigarettes with candy, fruit and alcohol flavors have been introduced in recent years as extensions to popular cigarette brands, raising concerns in the public health community that the enticing names, creative packaging, and intense flavorings of these products may be especially appealing to youth.


07/24/2008 02:18 PM

Sex differences in long-term smoking cessation rates due to nicotine patch

Nicotine & Tobacco Research, Volume 10, Issue 7 July 2008 , pages 1245 - 1250

Compared to men, women may be at greater risk for smoking-related diseases and have greater difficulty quitting smoking. Sex differences in medication response could guide treatment for smoking cessation to improve women's quit rates.


07/24/2008 02:17 PM

Race differences in nicotine dependence in the Collaborative Genetic study of Nicotine Dependence (COGEND)

Nicotine & Tobacco Research, Volume 10, Issue 7 July 2008 , pages 1223 - 1230

In a general population sample from the Detroit site of the Collaborative Genetic Study of Nicotine Dependence (COGEND), we tested Black-White differences in nicotine dependence, measured by "how soon after wake-up the smokers smoked their first cigarette (time to first cigarette TTFC)", and its relationship with number of cigarettes per day (CPD).


07/24/2008 02:14 PM

Preliminary examination of tobacco withdrawal in adolescent smokers during smoking cessation treatment

Nicotine & Tobacco Research, Volume 10, Issue 7 July 2008 , pages 1253 - 1259

Tobacco withdrawal symptoms have been shown to play a significant role in mediating relapse to smoking in adult smokers; however, few prospective studies have examined the course of tobacco withdrawal symptoms over time and their connection to lapse in adolescent smokers.


07/24/2008 02:13 PM

RNA interference for CFTR attenuates lung fluid absorption at birth in rats

Respiratory Research 2008, 9:55

Small interfering RNA (siRNA) against alpha-ENaC (alpha-subunit of the epithelial Na channel) and CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) was used to explore ENaC and CTFR function in newborn rat lungs.


07/24/2008 02:12 PM

Reliability of home CPAP titration with different automatic CPAP devices

Respiratory Research 2008, 9:56

CPAP titration may be completed by automatic apparatus. However, differences in pressure behaviour could interfere with the reliability of pressure recommendations.


07/22/2008 01:47 PM

Respiratory Instructions for CT Examinations of the Lungs: A Hands-on Guide

RadioGraphics 2008;28:919-931

In computed tomographic (CT) examinations of the lung, accurate visualization of the natural contrast between the low attenuation of air and the relatively higher attenuation of vessels, airways, and interstitial structures requires cooperative and coordinated respiratory maneuvers by the patient.


07/22/2008 01:46 PM

Environmental factors affecting children's respiratory health in the first years of life: a review of the scientific literature

European Journal of Pediatrics 0340-6199 (Print) 10.1007/s00431-008-0761-7

The aim of this paper is to quantitatively summarize the original articles on the relationship between environmental hazards and respiratory health in young children.


07/22/2008 01:46 PM

Post-traumatic tension faecopneumothorax in a young male: case report

World Journal of Emergency Surgery 2008, 3:20

Diaphragmatic rupture due to trauma is both well recognised and uncommon. The difficulties in diagnosing traumatic diaphragmatic rupture at the first admission are the most common causes of latent morbidity and mortality. Herniation of the abdominal viscera is the most common sequel with strangulation and perforation the most serious complication.


07/22/2008 01:45 PM

Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (CPAP or bilevel NPPV) for cardiogenic pulmonary edema

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 3, 2008

Non-invasive positivepressure ventilation (NPPV) has been widely used to alleviate signs and symptoms of respiratory distress due to cardiogenic pulmonary edema. NPPV prevents alveolar collapse and helps redistribute intra-alveolar fluid, improving pulmonary compliance and reducing the pressure of breathing.


07/22/2008 01:44 PM

Physiologic response to varying levels of pressure support and neurally adjusted ventilatory assist in patients with acute respiratory failure

Intensive Care Medicine 0342-4642 (Print) 10.1007/s00134-008-1208-3

Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) is a new mode wherein the assistance is provided in proportion to diaphragm electrical activity (EAdi). We assessed the physiologic response to varying levels of NAVA and pressure support ventilation (PSV).


07/22/2008 01:43 PM

Natriuretic peptides in acute pulmonary embolism: a systematic review

Intensive Care Medicine 0342-4642 (Print) 10.1007/s00134-008-1214-5

Patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) have a high risk of death, and it is important to recognize factors associated with higher mortality. Recently, several biomarkers have been studied for risk stratification in patients with PE.


07/22/2008 01:41 PM

Enhanced fluid management with continuous venovenous hemofiltration in pediatric respiratory failure patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support

Intensive Care Medicine 0342-4642 (Print) 10.1007/s00134-008-1200-y

Children receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for respiratory failure can have significant fluid overload and renal insufficiency.


07/22/2008 01:40 PM

Comparison of lung morphology in COPD secondary to cigarette and biomass smoke

The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Volume 12, Number 8, August 2008 , pp. 972-977(6)

To compare lung morphology in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) secondary to cigarette smoke (CS) and biomass smoke (BS).


07/22/2008 01:38 PM

Spoligotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in anthracotic bronchitis

The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Volume 12, Number 8, August 2008 , pp. 962-966(5)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection has been shown to be associated with anthracotic bronchitis. However, the typical manifestation of infection is not usually present in infected patients, which raises the question of whether a particular strain of M. tuberculosis is associated with this group of patients.


07/22/2008 01:32 PM

Clinical case review: A method to improve identification of true clinical and radiographic pneumonia in children meeting the World Health Organization definition for pneumonia

BMC Infectious Diseases 2008, 8:95

The World Health Organizationas (WHO) case definition for childhood pneumonia, composed of simple clinical signs of cough, difficult breathing and fast breathing, is widely used in resource poor settings to guide management of acute respiratory infections. The definition is also commonly used as an entry criteria or endpoint in different intervention and disease burden studies.


07/22/2008 01:30 PM

Day-Night Variation of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

J Am Coll Cardiol, 2008; 52:343-346

This study sought to evaluate the day-night variation of acute myocardial infarction (MI) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).


07/22/2008 01:27 PM

Hemolysis Caused by Titanium Dioxide Particles

Inhalation Toxicology, Volume 20, Issue 9 July 2008 , pages 891 - 893

Washed human erythrocytes were incubated with titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles at 37°C for 1 hr and hemolysis was determined by the percentage of hemoglobin released (optical density at 540 nm; OD540) from the cells. Effects of TiO2 on OD540 were corrected and dose-response curves were analyzed by the Hill plot. Judging from the estimated dose to cause 50% hemolysis, the anatase form of micron-scale (<5000 nm) particles was 73 and 11 times more potent than the amorphous (<50 nm) and rutile (<5000 nm) forms, respectively, whereas it was 1.3 times more potent than the nano-scale (<25 nm) anatase particles.


07/22/2008 01:19 PM

Furosemide Inhalation in Dyspnea of Mustard Gas-Exposed Patients: A Triple-Blind Randomized Study

Inhalation Toxicology, Volume 20, Issue 9 July 2008 , pages 873 - 877

Dyspnea is the hallmark symptom of some respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchiolitis and is a major reason for which these patients seek medical attention. We performed a randomized triple-blind controlled crossover clinical trial in which we compared the efficacy of inhaled furosemide (4 ml equal to 40 mg in 10 min) with placebo (4 ml of 0.9% saline solution) in 41 mustard gas-exposed patients.


07/22/2008 01:18 PM

Low Level of Exposure to Pesticides Leads to Lung Dysfunction in Occupationally Exposed Subjects

Inhalation Toxicology, Volume 20, Issue 9 July 2008 , pages 839 - 849

Pesticides may contribute to adverse respiratory health effects among farmers and have been considered one causal factor for the rise in asthma prevalence. This cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate potential respiratory function abnormalities following long-term pesticide exposure by means of a complete pulmonary function testing, including spirometry, lung volumes, and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide.


07/22/2008 01:14 PM

Massive Pulmonary Emboli and CT Pulmonary Angiography

Respiration (DOI: 10.1159/000147765)

Massive pulmonary embolism (PE) is a devastating form of PE which usually results in acute right ventricular failure and death within 1-2 h.


07/22/2008 12:27 PM

Neuromuscular disease and respiratory failure

Practical Neurology 2008;8:229-237

Neurologists should be able to anticipate and recognise the onset of respiratory failure in patients with neuromuscular disorders. Symptoms will differ depending on the speed of onset of the respiratory muscle weakness.


07/19/2008 10:13 AM

Pigeon fanciers lung: a case report

Cases Journal 2008, 1:37

Pigeon fanciers lung, a form of hypersensitivity pneumonitis, is an unusual but important occupational and recreational cause of severe and debilitating breathlessness.


07/19/2008 10:12 AM

Gastroesophageal reflux-associated chronic cough in an adolescent and the diagnostic implications: a case report

Cough 2008, 4:5

A 15-year-old girl was referred with a 2-year history of perennial non-productive cough, which had been preceded by Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia and subsequent asthma. Symptoms were only partially responsive to anti-asthma treatment including an inhaled corticosteroid and a leukotriene receptor antagonist.


07/19/2008 10:12 AM

Visualization of the Airflow around a Life-Sized, Heated, Breathing Mannequin at Ultralow Windspeeds

Annals of Occupational Hygiene 2008 52(5):351-360

During the past two decades, there has been considerable progress in developing particle size-selective criteria for aerosol sampling and exposure assessment that relate more realistically to actual human exposures than previously.


07/19/2008 10:11 AM

Trends in Occupational Exposure to Styrene in the European Glass Fibre-Reinforced Plastics Industry

Annals of Occupational Hygiene 2008 52(5):337-349

This study presents temporal trends of styrene exposure for workers in the European glass fibre-reinforced plastics (GRP) industry during the period 1966-2002.


07/19/2008 10:10 AM

Use of real time continuous glucose monitoring and intravenous insulin in type 1 diabetic mothers to prevent respiratory distress and hypoglycaemia in infants

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2008, 8:23

Pregnancy in Type 1 diabetic patients is a precarious condition, both for mother and fetus with increased the risk of prematurity and, immediately after delivery with risk of respiratory distress syndrome and hypoglycaemia in newborns.


07/19/2008 10:09 AM

Sustained Expression of {alpha}1-Antitrypsin after Transplantation of Manipulated Hematopoietic Stem Cells

American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology. Vol. 39, pp. 133-141, 2008

Inherited mutations in the human {alpha}1-antitrypsin (AAT) gene lead to deficient circulating levels of AAT protein and a predisposition to developing emphysema. Gene therapy for individuals deficient in AAT is an attractive goal, because transfer of a normal AAT gene into any cell type able to secrete AAT should reverse deficient AAT levels and attenuate progression of lung disease.


07/19/2008 10:08 AM

Cyclic AMP Master Regulator of Innate Immune Cell Function

American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology. Vol. 39, pp. 127-132, 2008

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) was the original "second messenger" to be discovered. Its formation is promoted by adenylyl cyclase activation after ligation of G protein-coupled receptors by ligands including hormones, autocoids, prostaglandins, and pharmacologic agents.


07/19/2008 10:07 AM

Choosing a Ventilator Care Program

What you need to know when you are considering a program for ventilator care and weaning and pulmonary rehabilitation. A handy, printable guide for what to look for in a respiratory program.


07/19/2008 10:07 AM

Amiodarone Alters Late Endosomes and Inhibits SARS Coronavirus Infection at a Post-Endosomal Level

American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology. Vol. 39, pp. 142-149, 2008

Amiodarone interferes with the endocytic pathway, inhibits proteolysis, and causes the formation of vacuoles, but uptake and intracellular distribution of the drug, origin of vacuoles, and functional consequences of amiodarone accumulation remain unclear.


07/19/2008 10:06 AM

How the presence of rhinoconjunctivitis and the severity of asthma modify the relationship between obesity and asthma in children 6-7 years old

Clinical & Experimental Allergy, Volume 38, Number 7, July 2008 , pp. 1174-1178(5)

The association between asthma and obesity in children, and the effect modification of allergy on this association have not been fully established.


07/19/2008 10:05 AM

Effect of secondhand cigarette smoke, RSV bronchiolitis and parental asthma on urinary cysteinyl LTE4

Pediatric Pulmonology Published Online: 9 Jul 2008

Cysteinyl leukotrienes promote airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction and mucus hypersecretion. Cigarette smoking and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis are known to increase urinary cysteinyl leukotriene E4 (uLTE4), the end product of the cysteinyl leukotriene biosynthetic pathway.


07/19/2008 10:04 AM

An uncommon cause of a vascular mass in the left lung in neonate: A case report with a brief review of literature

Pediatric Pulmonology Published Online: 10 Jul 2008

A 20-day-old female child presented with mild respiratory distress since first week of life. On examination there was an ejection systolic murmur at left sternal border. Chest x-ray revealed well-defined mass in the left lung. Echocardiogram showed features suggestive tetrology of fallot with absent pulmonary valve with massively dilated main and left pulmonary artery.


07/19/2008 10:02 AM

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors as Novel Targets in Lung Disease

Chest. 2008; 134:152-157

Inflammatory diseases of the lung such as asthma and COPD represent a major worldwide health problem. There are potent antiinflammatory drugs available to treat asthma, such as the glucocorticoids, but these produce unwanted side effects and exhibit limited efficacy in the treatment of COPD.


07/19/2008 09:59 AM

Rural treatment of acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema: applying the evidence to achieve success with failure

CJRM 2008;13(3):121-8

Rural management of acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema should be based on avoidance of adverse outcomes such as in-hospital mortality, the need for intensive care unit care, and the need for intubation and mechanical ventilation.


07/19/2008 09:58 AM

Acute respiratory distress syndrome by cytomegalovirus infection in an immunocompetent infant

Pediatric Pulmonology Published Online: 10 Jul 2008

A 2-month-old female infant was admitted with progressive respiratory distress, fever, and diagnosed with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The primary pulmonary pathogen was proven to be cytomegalovirus (CMV) from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, urine, and blood specimens. Other immunologic findings were normal. CMV-induced ARDS has not been reported previously in immunocompetent infants.


07/19/2008 09:56 AM

Improving Handoff Communications in Critical Care

Chest. 2008; 134:158-162

A patient admitted to the medical step-down unit experienced severe hypoglycemia due to an infusion of a higher-than-ordered insulin dose. The event could have been prevented if the insulin syringe pump was checked during the nursing shift handoff.


07/19/2008 09:56 AM

Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis

Chest. 2008; 134:146-151

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is the most common cause of scleroderma-related deaths. New medications for PAH patients make it necessary to identify patients with high risk factors for PAH. This study looks at the use of an exercise echocardiogram in identifying patients who may have PAH and may be candidates for early therapeutic intervention.


07/19/2008 09:55 AM

Acute Respiratory Infections in a Recently Arrived Traveler to Your Part of the World

Chest. 2008; 134:163-171

Many acute infectious pulmonary diseases have incubation periods that are long enough for travelers to have symptoms after returning home to a health-care system that is not familiar with "foreign" infections. Respiratory infections have a relatively limited repertoire of clinical manifestations, so that there is often nothing characteristic enough about a specific infection to make the diagnosis obvious.


07/19/2008 09:54 AM

Burden of Concomitant Asthma and COPD in a Medicaid Population

Chest. 2008; 134:14-19

Asthma and COPD can significantly affect patients and pose a substantial economic burden for both patients and managed-care plans. This study compares utilization outcomes in patients with asthma, COPD, or co-occurring asthma and COPD in a Medicaid population, and assesses the incremental burden of COPD in patients with asthma.


07/19/2008 09:54 AM

Effects of Lung Volume Reduction Surgery for Emphysema on Glycolipidic Hormones

Chest. 2008; 134:30-37

Pulmonary emphysema is associated with cachexia and disregulation of the hormones regulating the glycolipid metabolism, insulin resistance, and altered substrate utilization. This study aimed at identifying the effects of lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) on glycolipidic hormones compared to respiratory rehabilitation (RR).


07/19/2008 09:53 AM

High-Resolution CT Findings of Parenchymal Fibrosis Correlate With Prognosis in Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis

Chest. 2008; 134:133-138

Histopathologic evidence of fibrosis on surgical lung biopsy has been associated with reduced survival in patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). Changes of pulmonary fibrosis detected on CT may also correlate with prognosis in patients with HP.


07/19/2008 09:52 AM

Treprostinil-Based Therapy in the Treatment of Moderate-to-Severe Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Chest. 2008; 134:139-145

Treprostinil, a long-acting prostacyclin analog, diminished the symptoms of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in controlled 12-week clinical efficacy studies. This retrospective, single-center, open-label study was designed to assess the efficacy of long-term, subcutaneously administered, treprostinil-based therapy alone or in combination with bosentan for the treatment of moderate-to-severe PAH.


07/19/2008 09:51 AM

Biomass Fuels and Respiratory Diseases

The Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society 5:577-590 (2008)

Globally, about 50% of all households and 90% of rural households use solid fuels (coal and biomass) as the main domestic source of energy, thus exposing approximately 50% of the world population-close to 3 billion people-to the harmful effects of these combustion products. There is strong evidence that acute respiratory infections in children and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in women are associated with indoor biomass smoke.


07/19/2008 09:50 AM

The impact of GINA suggested drugs for the treatment of asthma on Health-Related Quality of Life: a GA2LEN review

Allergy, Volume 63, Number 8, August 2008 , pp. 1015-1030(16)

Asthma represents a serious global health problem. People of all ages in countries throughout the world are affected by this chronic airway disorder that, when uncontrolled, can place severe limits on daily life and can even be fatal.


07/19/2008 09:49 AM

Study of gene-gene interactions for endophenotypic quantitative traits in Chinese asthmatic children

Allergy, Volume 63, Number 8, August 2008 , pp. 1031-1039(9)

Asthma is a complex disease resulting from interactions between multiple genes and environmental factors. Study of gene-gene interactions could provide insight into the pathophysiology of asthma.


07/19/2008 09:48 AM

Severe asthma in childhood: assessed in 10-year olds in a birth cohort study

Allergy, Volume 63, Number 8, August 2008 , pp. 1054-1060(7)

Limited information is available regarding the prevalence of severe asthma in children. The present study aimed at investigating the prevalence of severe asthma in an urban child population; secondarily evaluating the applicability of the chosen definition by clinical characteristics.


07/19/2008 09:47 AM

Prevalence of asthma in a large group of Israeli adolescents: influence of country of birth and age at migration

Allergy, Volume 63, Number 8, August 2008 , pp. 1040-1045(6)

The occurrence of asthma has geographic variations and is lower in developing compared with industrialized countries. Both environmental and genetic factors may influence its prevalence. We aimed to evaluate the importance and effect of immigration (country of birth and age at immigration to Israel) on the prevalence of asthma in a large group of Israeli adolescents.


07/19/2008 09:46 AM

How Do Community Practitioners Decide Whether to Prescribe Antibiotics for Acute Respiratory Tract Infections?

Journal of General Internal Medicine 0884-8734 (Print) 10.1007/s11606-008-0707-9

Overuse of antibiotics in the treatment of acute respiratory tract infection (ARI) contributes to the growing problem of antibiotic-resistant infections.


07/19/2008 09:45 AM

Thoracoscopic patch repair of a right-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia in a neonate

Surgical Endoscopy 0930-2794 (Print) DOI 10.1007/s00464-008-0071-1

Minimally invasive techniques continue to expand in pediatric surgery; however, there has been some debate over the appropriate operative technique for the management of congenital diaphragmatic hernias in neonates [1-3]. We present a video of a thoracoscopic patch repair of a right-sided Bochdalek congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) in a 3-day-old male.


07/19/2008 09:44 AM

Corticosteroids Reduce IL-6 in ASM Cells via Up-Regulation of MKP-1

American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology. Vol. 39, pp. 208-217, 2008

The mechanisms by which corticosteroids reduce airway inflammation are not completely understood. Traditionally, corticosteroids were thought to inhibit cytokines exclusively at the transcriptional level.


07/19/2008 09:44 AM

A2B Adenosine Receptors Regulate the Mucus Clearance Component of the Lung's Innate Defense System

American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology. Vol. 39, pp. 190-197, 2008

Adenosine (ADO) signaling is altered in both asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and the A2B adenosine receptor (A2B-R) may drive pulmonary inflammation. Accordingly, it has been proposed that specific inhibition of the A2B-R could treat inflammatory lung diseases.


07/19/2008 09:42 AM

Spirometry in an unselected group of 6-year-old children: The DARC Birth Cohort Study

Pediatric Pulmonology Published Online: 10 Jul 2008

This study presents reference equations for spirometric parameters in 6-year-old children and evaluates the ability of spirometry to discriminate healthy children from children with asthma. Baseline spirometry and respiratory symptoms were assessed in 404 children participating in a longitudinal birth cohort study.


07/19/2008 09:42 AM

Socioeconomic factors and asthma control in children

Pediatric Pulmonology Published Online: 9 Jul 2008

The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between socioeconomic factors and asthma control in children, as defined by the Canadian Pediatric Asthma Consensus Guidelines.


07/18/2008 03:19 PM

Pediatric inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the trachea: A case report and review of the literature

Pediatric Pulmonology Published Online: 9 Jul 2008

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) are relatively rare entities of a distinct histologic appearance and benign clinical course. Although these lesions have been described in virtually every anatomic location, there are few documented reports with tracheal localization.


07/18/2008 03:18 PM

Hypertonic saline cough provocation test with salbutamol pre-treatment: evidence for sensorineural dysfunction in asthma

Clinical & Experimental Allergy, Volume 38, Number 7, July 2008 , pp. 1100-1107(8)

Cough is one of the most common symptoms of asthma. However, studies using capsaicin, citric acid, or tartaric acid to document cough threshold have repeatedly failed to show statistically significant differences between asthmatic and healthy subjects. The studies using hypertonic aerosols as the cough stimulant have suggested an enhanced sensitivity in asthmatic subjects but the induced bronchoconstriction has made the interpretation of the results difficult.


07/18/2008 03:17 PM

A polymorphism in the NPPA gene associates with asthma

Clinical & Experimental Allergy, Volume 38, Number 7, July 2008 , pp. 1117-1123(7)

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) plays an important role in the lung and in augmenting allergic inflammation in asthma. The gene encoding ANP, NPPA, is located on chromosome 1p36, a region that has been linked to asthma.


07/18/2008 03:16 PM

Usual Interstitial Pneumonia in an Adolescent With ABCA3 Mutations

Chest. 2008; 134:192-195

Many diverse and frequently idiopathic disorders cause interstitial lung disease (ILD) in children. Although the histologic patterns of ILD in children and adults share similar features, important differences exist in etiology, clinical manifestations, and outcome.


07/18/2008 03:16 PM

Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Quality of Life of Railway Drivers in Greece

Chest. 2008; 134:79-86

Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and especially obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are associated with daytime sleepiness and an increased risk for motor vehicle crashes. Previous studies have assessed the prevalence of OSA among professional drivers, but no study so far has focused on railway drivers.


07/18/2008 03:15 PM

Short-term Effects of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy on Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Patients With Systolic Heart Failure

Chest. 2008; 134:87-93

We evaluated the short-term effect of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) on sleep apnea in patients with systolic heart failure.


07/18/2008 03:14 PM

Osteoarticular Involvement in a Series of 100 Patients with Sarcoidosis Referred to Rheumatology Departments

J Rheumatol First Release July 15 2008)

To analyze the pattern of osteoarticular lesions in patients with sarcoidosis hospitalized in 4 rheumatology departments.


07/18/2008 03:13 PM

Impaired Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity and Hypoxia in Heart Failure Correlates With Central Sleep Apnea Severity

Chest. 2008; 134:67-72

Heart failure (HF) is often associated with interstitial pulmonary edema and structural changes, resulting in thickening of the alveolar-capillary membrane and reductions in diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO). Reduced DLCO reflects an impaired efficiency of gas exchange, which may increase plant gain, influence ventilatory control stability, and result in central sleep apnea (CSA). In this study, we test the hypothesis that reductions in DLCO would be associated with increased apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) in patients with CSA.


07/18/2008 03:12 PM

Beneficial Response to Macrolide Antibiotic in a Patient With Desquamative Interstitial Pneumonia Refractory to Corticosteroid Therapy

Chest. 2008; 134:185-187

Macrolide antibiotics have been shown to have a beneficial effect in a number of pulmonary conditions that are characterized by inflammation, including cystic fibrosis, asthma, and cryptogenic organizing pneumonia. We report the first case of desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP) showing a favorable response to treatment with clarithromycin. If confirmed, this observation would add DIP to the list of pulmonary disorders that are amenable to the beneficial antiinflammatory effects of macrolides.


07/18/2008 03:11 PM

Overexpression of cathepsin K in mice decreases collagen deposition and lung resistance in response to bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis

Respiratory Research 2008, 9:54

Lung fibrosis is a devastating pulmonary disorder characterized by alveolar epithelial injury, deposition of extracellular matrix and scar tissue formation. Due to its potent collagenolytic activity, cathepsin K, a lysosomal cysteine protease is an interesting target molecule with therapeutic potential to attenuate bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice.


07/18/2008 03:11 PM

Effects of Telithromycin in In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Airway Inflammation

Chest. 2008; 134:20-29

The ketolide antibiotic telithromycin (TEL) exerts immunomodulatory and antiinflammatory effects in vitro and in a mouse model of septic shock. We studied the antiinflammatory activity of TEL in in vitro and in vivo models of airway inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).


07/18/2008 03:10 PM

Effects of Dynamic Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure Support on Central Sleep Apnea in Men With Heart Failure

Chest. 2008; 134:61-66

Treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) improves cardiac function in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients with central sleep apnea (CSA)-Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR) by stabilizing ventilation, but frequently central apneas and hypopneas persist. Our objective was to test the hypothesis that flow-targeted dynamic bilevel positive airway pressure (BPAP) support (BiPAP autoSV; Respironics; Murrysville, PA) effectively suppresses CSR-CSA in CHF patients.



07/18/2008 03:09 PM

Does Central Venous Pressure Predict Fluid Responsiveness?

Chest. 2008; 134:172-178

Central venous pressure (CVP) is used almost universally to guide fluid therapy in hospitalized patients. Both historical and recent data suggest that this approach may be flawed.


07/18/2008 03:08 PM

Rapid pulmonary delivery of inhaled tobramycin for Pseudomonas infection in cystic fibrosis: A pilot project

Pediatric Pulmonology Published Online: 8 Jul 2008

Patients with cystic fibrosis spend as much 30 min a day inhaling tobramycin. Could a new rapid system deposit the equivalent amount of tobramycin faster?


07/18/2008 03:08 PM

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Current Clinical Practice, Coding, and Reimbursement

Chest. 2008; 134:179-184

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a technique for providing life support for patients experiencing both pulmonary and cardiac failure by maintaining oxygenation and perfusion until native organ function is restored. ECMO is used routinely at many specialized hospitals for infants and less commonly for children with respiratory or cardiac failure from a variety of causes.


07/18/2008 03:07 PM

Geographic Variation of Spirometry Use in Newly Diagnosed COPD

Chest. 2008; 134:38-45

Studies indicate that not all physicians in clinical practice use spirometry routinely in the diagnosis of COPD. Understanding the patterns of spirometry use across geographic regions in patients with newly diagnosed COPD may help to identify the factors associated with the use of spirometry and to improve the quality of COPD care. The objective of this study was to characterize the regional variation in spirometry use for patients with newly diagnosed COPD using the Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) 2006 spirometry performance measure.


07/18/2008 03:06 PM

Prognostic Role of Clinical and Laboratory Criteria To Identify Early Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Brain Injury

Chest. 2008; 134:101-108

We investigated the role of the clinical pulmonary infection score (CPIS), serum levels of procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), and serum amyloid A (SAA) in the detection of patients with early ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).


07/18/2008 03:06 PM

Effects of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Treatment and Withdrawal in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Arterial Stiffness and Central BP

Chest. 2008; 134:94-100

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with increased BP and other cardiometabolic risk factors. The aim of the present study was to determine whether arterial stiffness and central BP (two important cardiovascular risk factors) would change, independent of peripheral BP following either the initiation of or withdrawal from nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment in subjects with OSA.


07/18/2008 03:05 PM

Combined Clot Fragmentation and Aspiration in Patients With Acute Pulmonary Embolism

Chest. 2008; 134:54-60

Massive angiographic pulmonary embolism (PE) with right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) is associated with a high early mortality rate. The therapeutic alternatives for this condition include thrombolysis, surgical embolectomy, or percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy (PMT).


07/18/2008 03:04 PM

Role of Surgical Lung Biopsy in Separating Chronic Hypersensitivity Pneumonia From Usual Interstitial Pneumonia/Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Chest. 2008; 134:126-132

Lung biopsy has been proposed as a criterion for diagnosis of chronic hypersensitivity pneumonia (HP), especially in patients without proven antigen exposure. Histologic findings in some suspected HP patients overlap with usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) and nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP).


07/18/2008 03:04 PM

COPD Stage and Risk of Hospitalization for Infectious Disease

Chest. 2008; 134:46-53

Respiratory tract infections are a frequent complication of COPD, but little is known about the incidence, association, and risk of infectious diseases related to impaired lung function.


07/18/2008 03:03 PM

Relevance of Lung Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Acute Respiratory Failure

Chest. 2008; 134:117-125

This study assesses the potential of lung ultrasonography to diagnose acute respiratory failure.


07/18/2008 03:02 PM

Unusual variant of Cantrell's pentalogy?

Annals of Thoracic Medicine Year : 2008 Volume : 3 Issue : 3 Page : 106-107

A 12-hour-old male infant presented with prolapsed abdominal content through a defect on left side of chest wall with respiratory distress. A thorough clinical examination suggested absence of ectopia cordis, abdominal wall defect, and any bony anomaly. The child expired after 6 hours of admission because of respiratory distress and electrolyte imbalance.


07/18/2008 03:01 PM

Spontaneous pneumothorax: An unusual complication of pregnancy - A case report and review of literature

Annals of Thoracic Medicine Year : 2008 Volume : 3 Issue : 3 Page : 104-105

Spontaneous pneumothorax complicating pregnancy is rare. Only 55 cases have been reported till now. We describe a case of a 30-year-old Indian woman with spontaneous pneumothorax during her 28 th week of pregnancy.


07/18/2008 03:00 PM

Colopleural fistula: Case report and review of the literature

Annals of Thoracic Medicine Year : 2008 Volume : 3 Issue : 3 Page : 108-109

We report a 28-year-old woman, pregnant, at 24 weeks, with 3-day history of right-sided chest pain and shortness of breath. Few hours after admission, she delivered a dead baby. She had a history of right partial hepatic lobotomy and cholecystectomy at UK on May 2004 because of multiple pyogenic liver abscesses. Chest examination revealed signs of hydrothorax on the right side. Chest X-ray showed pleural effusion on the right side.


07/18/2008 02:59 PM

Chinese response to allergy and asthma in Olympic athletes

Allergy, Volume 63, Number 8, August 2008 , pp. 962-968(7)

China is going to host the Games of the XXIX Olympiad from 8-24 August 2008 in Beijing. The number of athletes and accompanying individuals expected to arrive at China for the Beijing Olympics is estimated at over 10-000 and among them at least 2-000 (20%) are suspected to suffer from respiratory allergies.


07/18/2008 02:58 PM

Prevalence of and factors associated with current asthma symptoms in school children aged 6-7 and 13-14-yr old in Bogota, Colombia

Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Volume 19, Number 4, June 2008 , pp. 307-314(8)

This cross-sectional study of children aged 6-7-years and adolescents aged 13-14-years in Bogota, Colombia, assessed the prevalence of asthma symptoms and their associations with dietary, health, and behavioral habits.


07/18/2008 02:57 PM

Toll-like Receptor 1 Polymorphisms Affect Innate Immune Responses and Outcomes in Sepsis

Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2008, doi:10.1164/rccm.200803-462OC

Polymorphisms affecting toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated responses could predispose to excessive inflammation during an infection and contribute to an increased risk for poor outcomes in patients with sepsis.


07/18/2008 02:56 PM

Telomere Shortening in Familial and Sporadic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2008, doi:10.1164/rccm.200804-550OC

Heterozygous mutations in the coding regions of the telomerase genes, TERT and TERC, have been found in familial and sporadic cases of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia.


07/18/2008 02:55 PM

Association of Obstructive Sleep Apnea With Urinary Albumin Excretion in Essential Hypertension: A Cross-sectional Study

American Journal of Kidney Diseases August 2008 Volume 52 Number 2

Microalbuminuria reflects a state of widespread vascular dysfunction, whereas obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) further promotes atherosclerotic damage in hypertension.


07/18/2008 02:54 PM

Oxygen therapy for dyspnoea in adults

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 3, 2008

Dyspnoea, or distressing breathing, is often a severe subjective symptom in terminal illness and may be difficult to control. Oxygen therapy is currently one of the interventions used to treat it. This review aimed to identify all randomised controlled studies (RCTs) in which oxygen therapy was used as a treatment to relieve dyspnoea in chronic terminal illness, and to synthesize the findings into a conclusion regarding the overall effectiveness of oxygen therapy for the palliation of dyspnoea in chronic terminal illness.


07/18/2008 02:54 PM

Asthma and Gastroesophageal Reflux: Clinical Evaluation of Esophago-Bronchial Reflex and Proximal Reflux

Digestion 2008;77:218-224

To evaluate the prevalence of proximal reflux and esophago-bronchial reflex (EBR) in patients with asthma, and to compare the symptom spectrum, esophageal acid sensitivity, pH monitoring, and the endoscopic and manometric parameters of EBR-positive and -negative patients with asthma


07/18/2008 02:44 PM

Trends in the clinical characteristics of the U.S. cystic fibrosis patient population from 1995 to 2005

Pediatric Pulmonology Published Online: 8 Jul 2008

Respiratory signs and symptoms (cough, sputum production, or crackles) are considered bellwethers of underlying cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. If respiratory signs and symptoms predict future lung function loss, then improvements in population lung function over the past decade should have been paralleled by a decrease in the prevalence of these variables in the same population.


07/18/2008 02:43 PM

Hering-Breuer reflex, lung volume and position in prematurely born infants

Pediatric Pulmonology Published Online: 10 Jul 2008

To investigate the effect of position on the strength of the Hering-Breuer reflex in prematurely born infants and determine whether any differences seen were related to differences in lung or tidal volume between positions.


07/18/2008 02:42 PM

Children with new tracheostomies: Planning for family education and common impediments to discharge

Pediatric Pulmonology Published Online: 8 Jul 2008

To describe an educational program and timeline for the discharge of children with a new tracheostomy and identify common impediments to the education and discharge process.


07/18/2008 02:41 PM

Can bronchodilator response predict bronchial response to methacholine in preschool coughers?

Pediatric Pulmonology Published Online: 9 Jul 2008

The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between bronchodilator response, assessed by interrupter resistance (Rint), and bronchial reactivity in preschool children with chronic cough. Thirty-eight children coughers (median age 5.0 years, range 2.8-6.4) were tested.


07/18/2008 02:40 PM

A novel sidestream ultrasonic flow sensor for multiple breath washout in children

Pediatric Pulmonology Published Online: 10 Jul 2008

Inert gas multiple breath washout (MBW) for measuring Lung Clearance Index using mass spectrometry and 4% sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) as the tracer gas has been shown to be sensitive for detecting early Cystic Fibrosis (CF) lung disease. However, mass spectrometry requires bulky equipment and is expensive to buy and maintain.


07/18/2008 02:40 PM

A combination therapy of whole lung lavage and GM-CSF inhalation in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis

Pediatric Pulmonology Published Online: 10 Jul 2008

Systemic and inhalation therapy of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is usually effective in controlling autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP), but some cases are refractory to GM-CSF therapy and subjected to whole lung lavage (WLL). A 9-year-old girl developed severe respiratory failure due to autoimmune PAP was treated with inhalational 250 µg of GM-CSF daily, however, it was ineffective.


07/18/2008 02:39 PM

Apoptosis, airway inflammation and anti-asthma therapy: From immunobiology to clinical application

Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Volume 19, Number 4, June 2008 , pp. 287-295(9)

T lymphocyte apoptosis is essential for maintaining immune system homeostasis. Experimental evidence suggests apoptosis control mechanisms may be impaired in inflammatory conditions, particularly airway Th2-type allergic diseases.


07/18/2008 02:38 PM

Comparison of functional residual capacity and static compliance of the respiratory system during a PEEP ramp procedure in an experimental model of acute respiratory distress syndrome

Critical Care 2008, 12:R91

Functional residual capacity (FRC) measurement is now available on new ventilators as an automated procedure.


07/18/2008 02:37 PM

Body Mass and Glucocorticoid Response in Asthma

Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2008, doi:10.1164/rccm.200801-076OC

Obesity may alter glucocorticoid (GC) response in asthma. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) and GC response in subjects with and without asthma.


07/18/2008 02:36 PM

The Pittsburgh Lung Screening Study (PLuSS): Outcomes within 3 years of a first CT Scan

Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2008, doi:10.1164/rccm.200802-336OC

To report findings from initial and one-year repeat screening low-radiation-dose computed tomography (CT) of the chest and three-year outcomes for 50 to 79 year-old current and ex-smokers in the Pittsburgh Lung Screening Study (PLuSS).


07/18/2008 02:35 PM

Asthma management pocket reference 2008

Allergy, Volume 63, Number 8, August 2008 , pp. 997-1004(8)

Asthma is one of the most common chronic airways diseases worldwide, and its prevalence is increasing. Family doctors (sometimes called `primary care physicians' or 'general practitioners') are frequently an asthma patient's first point of contact with healthcare systems.


07/18/2008 02:33 PM

Using arm span to derive height: Impact of three estimates of height on interpretation of spirometry

Annals of Thoracic Medicine Year : 2008 Volume : 3 Issue : 3 Page : 94-99

When standing height required to calculate forced vital capacity (FVC) cannot be measured, it can be derived from arm span using different methods.


07/18/2008 02:33 PM

Combination fluticasone and salmeterol versus fixed dose combination budesonide and formoterol for chronic asthma in adults and children

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 3, 2008

Combination therapies are frequently recommended as maintenance therapy for people with asthma, whose disease is not adequately controlled with inhaled steroids. Fluticasone/salmeterol (FP/SAL) and budesonide/formoterol (BUD/F) have been assessed against their respective monocomponents, but there is a need to compare these two therapies on a head-to-head basis.


07/18/2008 02:32 PM

Correlation between high-resolution computed tomography features and patients' characteristics in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Annals of Thoracic Medicine Year : 2008 Volume : 3 Issue : 3 Page : 87-93

During the last few decades, high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) has come up as a new diagnostic modality to diagnose emphysematous and chronic bronchitis components of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).


07/18/2008 02:31 PM

Role of nitric oxide in management of acute respiratory distress syndrome

Annals of Thoracic Medicine Year : 2008 Volume : 3 Issue : 3 Page : 100-103

The current mortality rate of patients suffering from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is between 45% and 92%, with most dying within the first two weeks of the illness. In an effort to combat such an alarmingly high mortality rate, various treatment therapies such as low tidal volume ventilation strategies, corticosteroid therapy, and use of nitric oxide (NO) have been attempted in the management of patients with ARDS.


07/18/2008 02:30 PM

HRCT score in bronchiectasis: Correlation with pulmonary function tests and pulmonary artery pressure

Annals of Thoracic Medicine Year : 2008 Volume : 3 Issue : 3 Page : 82-86

High resolution CT scan (HRCT) and its score have an important role in delineating pathological changes and pulmonary functional impairment in patients with bronchiectasis.


07/18/2008 02:29 PM

Alterations of the Arginine Metabolome in Asthma

Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2008, doi:10.1164/rccm.200710-1542OC

As the sole nitrogen donor in nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and key intermediate in the urea cycle, arginine and its metabolic pathways are integrally linked to cellular respiration, metabolism and inflammation.


07/18/2008 02:27 PM

Surfactant Protein D Protects Against Acute Hyperoxic Lung Injury

Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2008, doi:10.1164/rccm.200804-582OC

Surfactant Protein D (SP-D) is a member of the collectin family of soluble, innate host defense molecules with demonstrated immunomodulatory properties in vitro.


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