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This study compared the effect of inhaled fluticasone propionate (FP) with the combination of salmeterol/fluticasone propionate (SFC) on lung function parameters in patients with mild asthma.
Trauma and surgery may be complicated by pulmonary dysfunction, acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), but the mechanisms are incompletely understood.
Health care associated pneumonia (HCAP) has been proposed as a new category of respiratory infection. However, limited data exist to validate this entity. We aimed to ascertain the epidemiology, causative organisms, antibiotic susceptibilities, and outcomes of and empirical antibiotic therapy for HCAP requiring hospitalization.
Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is an established diagnostic tool in interstitial lung diseases. BAL frequently yields findings of diagnostic value and at times even confirmatory diagnostic results.
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Vol 176. pp. 181-187, (2007)
Increasing evidence supports a key role for the transcription factor nuclear factor (NF)-B in the host response to pneumococcal infection. Control of NF-B activity is achieved through interactions with the IB family of inhibitors, encoded by the genes NFKBIA, NFKBIB, and NFKBIE. Rare NFKBIA mutations cause immunodeficiency with severe bacterial infection, raising the possibility that common IB gene polymorphisms confer susceptibility to common bacterial disease.
Persistent impaired pulmonary function and functional capacity are common among survivors of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Whether the impairment was caused by SARS or pre-existing physical condition remains unclear. Objective: This study investigated the influence of SARS on exercise capacity and pulmonary function of previously healthy medical staff.
Obese subjects are at increased risk of developing obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). However, the individual role of local (i.e., upper airway-related) and general (clinical and whole-body anthropometric) characteristics in determining OSAS in obese patients is still controversial.
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Vol 176. pp. 208-213, (2007)
Vitamin D was used to treat tuberculosis (TB) in the preantibiotic era. Prospective studies to evaluate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on antimycobacterial immunity have not previously been performed.
Recently, the concept that stress hyperglycemia in critically ill patients is an adaptive, beneficial response has been challenged. Two large randomized studies demonstrated that maintenance of normoglycemia with intensive insulin therapy substantially prevents morbidity and reduces mortality in these patients.
Improvements in health status following pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) diminish with time. Acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPDs) negatively impact adherence after PR and likely accelerate this diminution of benefit. This study was designed to characterize the pre-AECOPD status of patients with moderate or severe COPD who had completed PR, and then to measure the impact of AECOPDs on health-related quality of life (HRQL) and functional exercise capacity.
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 293: L245-L253, 2007
Airway smooth muscle (ASM) hyperplasia is a characteristic feature of the asthmatic airway, but the underlying mechanisms that induce ASM hyperplasia remain unknown. Because transforming growth factor (TGF)-B is a potent regulator of ASM cell proliferation, we determined its expression and mitogenic signaling pathways in ASM cells.
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 293: L254-L258, 2007
Pulmonary ischemia resulting from chronic pulmonary embolism leads to proliferation of the systemic circulation within and surrounding the lung. However, it is not clear how well alveolar tissue is sustained during the time of complete pulmonary ischemia.
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 293: L212-L221, 2007
Patients with interstitial lung diseases, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), suffer from lung fibrosis secondary to myofibroblast-mediated excessive ECM deposition and destruction of lung architecture.
Journal of Asthma, Volume 44, Issue 5 June 2007 , pages 397 - 401
The study evaluated the associations of body fatness, TV-watching time, and physical activity with the occurrences of asthma and respiratory symptoms in schoolchildren in Taipei, Taiwan. A questionnaire survey was conducted to elicit episodes of respiratory symptoms and data on lifestyle and anthropometric factors in 2290 5th-grade schoolchildren.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Volume 80, Number 7, July 2007 , pp. 567-575(9)
To describe the relationship between cumulative respirable dust and quartz exposure and lung functioning among workers in a labour-intensive coal mine.
Asthma guidelines recommend severity assessment to assign treatment, often quantified as current control. It is unknown how strongly control assessment affects clinician treatment decisions, nor if control is sufficient.
The Internet Journal of Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine. 2007. Volume 10 Number 1
Accurate assessment of volume status of the critically care ill patients in the intensive care unit is a challenging task facing intensivits each day. Since direct measurement of blood volume at bedside has not been readily accessible and practical in the past, clinicians have used clinical surrogates instead.
Under-diagnosis of anxiety and depression in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients may have a negative impact on patient quality of life and result in disparity between prevalence and the recognition and treatment of these symptoms.
Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Volume 18, Number 4, June 2007 , pp. 313-319(7)
This population-based register study examined if factors during the fetal and neonatal period influence the risk for the child to develop bronchial asthma (asthma). From the Swedish Hospital Discharge Register we identified children, born between 1987 and 1999, who had been hospitalized for asthma up to 2001.
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Vol 176. pp. 121-128, (2007)
Deep inspirations provide physiologic protection against airway narrowing in healthy subjects, which is impaired in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Airway inflammation has been suggested to alter airway mechanics during deep inspiration.
The numbers of airway CD8 and B lymphocytes are increased in COPD patients, suggesting an autoimmune process. CD4-regulatory T cells control autoimmunity but have not been studied in patients with COPD.
COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Volume 4, Issue 2 April 2007 , pages 135 - 142
Inhaled corticosteroids are often used to manage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, although the evidence regarding their long-term efficacy in preventing or reducing adverse health outcomes is not definitive. This retrospective cohort study analyzed whether regular inhaled corticosteroid use is associated with reduced health care utilization and all-cause mortality related to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Rheumatology International, Volume 27, Number 8, June 2007 , pp. 775-780(6)
We report a case of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy accompanied with the presence of anti-Jo1 antibodies and complicated by diffuse parenchymal lung disease (antisynthetase syndrome). Efficacy of different therapeutic agents, including corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide and cyclosporin A, is described.
To determine whether central sleep apnea (CSA) occurring during continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) titration in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) reflects subclinical congestive heart failure (CHF), and whether these events will improve with CPAP therapy.
Lung, Volume 185, Number 3, May 2007 , pp. 173-178(6)
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and usually fatal lung disease of unknown etiology. The aim of this study was to describe clinical and polysomnographic features of sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBD) and to identify predictors of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in IPF patients. Eight hundred fifty-seven patients with IPF were admitted to the Cleveland Clinic from 2001 to 2005.
Epidemiologic studies have indicated that a diet rich in fruit, antioxidants, and n-3 fatty acids may contribute to optimal respiratory health. We investigated whether low dietary nutrient intakes were associated with lower pulmonary function and higher reporting of respiratory symptoms in adolescents.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic lung condition that causes the patient to slowly deteriorate over time, with increasing symptoms
such as breathlessness, cough, wheeze and production of sputum.
European Journal of Pediatrics, Volume 166, Number 7, July 2007 , pp. 715-721(7)
Asthmatic patients experience an increase in airway resistance that overburdens both respiratory and non-respiratory muscles. The objective of the present study was to determine whether children with persistent asthma present muscle shortening and postural changes.
The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Volume 11, Number 7, July 2007 , pp. 814-819(6)
To examine the prevalence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydophila pneumoniae infections in paediatric patients (aged 2-15 years) with CAP in three academic hospitals using standardised laboratory techniques. The characteristics of atypical pneumonia were also compared with other causes of CAP.
Many etiologies causing pulmonary hypertension (PH) have been reported, and one of the background disease seen with patients with PH is chronic renal failure (CRF); however, the pathogenesis of PH in this group of patients is not explained satisfactorily.
Iloprost is a stable prostacyclin analogue that is associated with a longer duration of vasodilatation and has been approved for inhalative use with 6 or 9 inhalations during the daytime and a night pause. It is not known if during the night pause rebound pulmonary hypertension occurs. The aim of this study was to assess the hemodynamics in iloprost-treated patients during the daytime and at night.
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Vol 176. pp. 188-193, (2007)
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children is associated with substantial neurobehavioral and cognitive dysfunction. However, not all children with OSA exhibit altered cognitive performance.
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Vol 176. pp. 194-200, (2007)
To assess the efficacy on obstructive sleep apnea of a minimally intrusive method for delivering warm and humidified air through an open nasal cannula.
Critical Care Medicine. 35(7):1660-1666, July 2007
We evaluated the effect of two quality improvement interventions (low tidal volume ventilation and restrictive transfusion) on the development of acute lung injury in mechanically ventilated patients.
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 293: L52-L59, 2007
To study air space fluid clearance (AFC) under conditions that resemble the clinical setting of pulmonary edema in patients, we developed a new perfused human lung preparation. We measured AFC in 20 human lungs rejected for transplantation and determined the contribution of AFC to lung fluid balance.
Although many therapeutic strategies have been developed clinically, the mortality associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome remains very high. Objectives: In this research, we used a cytomechanical method to elucidate the reason for this.
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 293: L1-L8, 2007
The potential roles of matrix metalloproteinases and serine proteases are also discussed. Importantly, endothelial-mesenchymal transition may be reversible. Thus insights into the mechanisms controlling endothelial-mesenchymal transition are relevant to vascular remodeling and are important as we consider new therapies aimed at reversing pulmonary vascular remodeling.
We report the case of a woman with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type I who presented with acute respiratory failure secondary to alveolar haemorrhage. The persistence of the respiratory failure, once the alveolar haemorrhage had ceased, was apparently due to diffuse alveolar damage in organization.
Although transthoracic ultrasound offers several important advantages as diagnostic imaging technique in pleural and pulmonary conditions, its significance for the diagnosis and monitoring of pneumonia has yet to be established. Objectives: To identify sonographic features associated with pneumonia at admission and during the course of the disease under treatment.
The authors hypothesized that emergency department (ED) patients with a delayed diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) will have a higher frequency of altered mental status, older age, comorbidity, and worsened outcomes compared with patients who have PE diagnosed by tests ordered in the ED.
Expiratory flow limitation (EFL) is one of the main mechanisms contributing to dyspnea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease but has not been explored in patients with pleural effusion.
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS)-induced hypoxic stress modulates circulating inflammatory mediators causing accelerated atherogenesis. Objectives: We hypothesized that OSAS-induced hypoxia might result in cardiovascular disease due to increased expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) on the endothelial surface.
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Vol 176. pp. 113-120, (2007)
Smoking-related lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer are growing epidemics in women in the United States and elsewhere. Although some of this disturbing trend in women can be attributed to changing smoking habits, there is emerging evidence that women may be biologically more susceptible to the harmful effects of cigarette smoke than are men.
Bone marrow-derived progenitors for both epithelial and endothelial cells have been observed in the lung. Besides mature endothelial cells (EC) that compose the adult vasculature, endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) are supposed to be released from the bone marrow into the peripheral blood after stimulation by distinct inflammatory injuries. Homing of ex vivo generated bone marrow-derived EPC into the injured lung has not been investigated so far. We therefore tested the hypothesis whether homing of EPC in damaged lung tissue occurs after intravenous administration.
The pleiotrophic cytokine interleukin (IL)-13 features prominently in allergic and inflammatory diseases. In allergic asthma, IL-13 is well established as an inducer of airway inflammation and tissue remodeling.
Primary Care Respiratory Journal Volume 16 Issue 3 June 2007 Pages 174-181
We studied the quality of care for COPD patients in a large sample of general practices in Denmark. We focussed on whether participation by general practitioners (GPs) in an educational programme could enhance the use of spirometry in the diagnosis and staging of the disease and improve adherence to COPD guidelines.
Tobacco smoke is the principal risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), though the mechanisms of its toxicity are still unclear. The ABC transporters multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp/MDR1) extrude a wide variety of toxic substances across cellular membranes and are highly expressed in bronchial epithelium. Their impaired function may contribute to COPD development by diminished detoxification of noxious compounds in cigarette smoke.
Little is known about pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis, a disease characterized by severe lung calcification. We report only the second case of an associated spontaneous pneumothorax. Bullous disease, which was encountered at the time of surgery, proved impossible to manage using a video-assisted approach. The difficulties related to its management are discussed in this case report.
Annals of Internal Medicine 3 July 2007 Volume 147 Issue 1 Pages 34-40
To determine the proportion of deaths in intensive care units that occur in patients who lack decision-making capacity and a surrogate and the process that physicians use to make these decisions.
Journal of Asthma, Volume 44, Issue 5 June 2007 , pages 391 - 395
Few studies have quantitatively addressed the relationship between asthma-specific quality of life and asthma control as assessed by validated tools. Questionnaires were completed at home by a random sample of 542 adult asthmatic patients.
This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of dosing trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole on 2 consecutive days per week for the prevention of Pneumocystis carinii (jiroveci) pneumonia in a pediatric leukemia and lymphoma population and to determine whether trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole contributes to neutropenia during maintenance therapy.
Journal of Asthma, Volume 44, Issue 5 June 2007 , pages 357 - 363
Many African-American children with asthma are inadequately treated with controller pharmacotherapy. We analyzed 2002 West Virginia Medicaid claims for 300 African-American children to determine demographic and health services use factors that predict inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) use. Approximately 38% of the children had a prescription claim for an ICS. Logistic regression showed a direct relationship between the number of claims for short-acting beta-agonists and oral corticosteroids and the likelihood of a child having a claim for an ICS. Children who used a controller agent other than an ICS also were more likely to have filled a prescription for an ICS.
rnal of Asthma, Volume 44, Issue 5 June 2007 , pages 403 - 405
Many elderly patients in nursing homes in the United States use metered-dose inhaler (MDI) medications for a variety of lung diseases. We wondered how much the nursing support staff knew about correct MDI inhaler technique. Thirty-eight nursing home support staff were asked to demonstrate correct use of a placebo MDI inhaler on themselves.
Digestive Diseases and Sciences, Volume 52, Number 6, June 2007 , pp. 1481-1484(4)
Anti-tumor necrosis factor-α therapy, infliximab, has become an established effective therapy for Crohn's disease and rheumatoid arthritis. However, infliximab has been associated with various opportunistic pathogens such as tuberculosis,
histoplasmosis, listeriosis, aspergillosis, and Pneumocystis jiroveci
(carinii) pneumonia. We reviewed the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System for cases of Pneumocystis associated with infliximab use from January 1998 through December 2003.
Tracheobronchial stenosis, a serious problem in adults and children, has multiple causes and has been treated in many ways. While developing an international multicentre study to evaluate efficacy of airway stents, it was realised that no adequate description of central airway stenosis regarding type, location and degree has been published. Thus, comparing results of different treatment modalities in different centres has been difficult due to a lack of uniformity of classification. Reports are typically descriptive and precise classification schemes have not adequately addressed either for the trachea or the main bronchi.
The basic pathological features of bronchial asthma can be explained on the basis of chronic airway inflammation, involving inflammatory cells such as T cells (particularly type 2 helper T, Th2, cells) and mast cells, and airway remodeling.
There is limited published research into what really matters to people living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Most previous research in this area focuses on the impact of the symptoms of COPD, rather than on the issues defined as important by patients themselves. This paper describes an exploratory study investigating what is most important to people living with COPD.
Devices such as the Acapella may facilitate independent airway clearance, however, few clinical trials have investigated the efficacy of
Acapella. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Acapella to `usual airway clearance' in adults during an acute exacerbation of bronchiectasis requiring oral antibiotic therapy. Twenty patients with bronchiectasis and an acute exacerbation requiring oral antibiotic therapy were recruited into a randomized crossover trial. Patients were allocated to one of two groups determined by concealed computer generated randomization.
Journal of Asthma, Volume 44, Issue 5 June 2007 , pages 347 - 355
The differential diagnoses of persistent nonproductive cough include numerous pulmonary and nonpulmonary organic disorders as well as functional illnesses. Many diseases can cause cough, and several studies have shown asthma among the most common etiologies associated with chronic cough in adult nonsmokers, as well as children. Psychogenic cough and its relationship to asthma and other asthma-like illnesses is complex since distinct maladies with similar features may coexist individually or in combination in any given patient.
Primary Care Respiratory Journal Volume 16 Issue 3 June 2007 Pages 182-187
In the United Kingdom (UK), the Department of Health (DoH), input from with the Royal College of General Practitioners and UK General Practice Airways Group (GPIAG), has drawn up guidelines for the appointment of General Practitioners or other Practitioners with a Special Interest (GPwSIs or PwSIs, respectively) in respiratory medicine.
Primary Care Respiratory Journal Volume 16 Issue 3 June 2007 Pages 132-139
This article describes the formation and development of the UK General Practice Airways Group (GPIAG), from its inception as a small respiratory special-interest group founded by six general practitioners in 1987 through to its transformation into the largest primary care specialist society in the UK.
Primary Care Respiratory Journal Volume 16 Issue 3 June 2007 Pages 174-181
We studied the quality of care for COPD patients in a large sample of general practices in Denmark. We focussed on whether participation by general practitioners (GPs) in an educational programme could enhance the use of spirometry in the diagnosis and staging of the disease and improve adherence to COPD guidelines.
Primary Care Respiratory Journal Volume 16 Issue 3 June 2007 Pages 149-154
Inhaled corticosteroids remain the most important therapy for chronic asthma in both adults and children. As all inhaled corticosteroids act by binding to a common glucocorticoid receptor there is little evidence of any real difference in clinical efficacy between the different inhaled corticosteroids. The main potential differences are in their propensity to cause side effects.
Primary Care Respiratory Journal Volume 16 Issue 3 June 2007 Pages 140-144
The impact of the UK General Practice Airways Group (GPIAG) over the past 20 years is discussed from an international perspective. The formation of the International Primary Care Respiratory Group (IPCRG) following the GPIAG conference in 2000, and the role of the Primary Care Respiratory Journal in publishing high quality primary care respiratory research, have been seminal elements in the development of the discipline of primary care respiratory medicine internationally.
Primary Care Respiratory Journal Volume 16 Issue 3 June 2007 Pages 155-161
To investigate the magnitude of change in morning peak expiratory flow (PEF), asthma symptoms, and rescue B2-agonist use, when the aim of treatment is to achieve guideline-defined control.
Primary Care Respiratory Journal Volume 16 Issue 3 June 2007 Pages 162-168
To use intermethod reliability to compare self-reported data about chronic respiratory disease and health service utilisation with data contained in general practice medical records.
Primary Care Respiratory Journal Volume 16 Issue 3 June 2007 Pages 188-190
With escalating financial pressures being placed upon health services, it becomes increasingly hard to justify spending on education and training. At the same time, however, primary care practitioners are being expected to take on new roles in the management of long term conditions which were once the domain of their secondary care colleagues. This Discussion paper highlights the importance of expanding the evidence base for healthcare professional training - particularly in terms of its positive effects on patient care - and emphasises how important it is that those responsible for commissioning training continue to see the importance of doing so.
Primary Care Respiratory Journal Volume 16 Issue 3 June 2007 Pages 145-148
Despite an increasing prevalence of asthma, enormous advances have been made in our understanding and management of asthma over the last 20 years. Work begun two or three decades ago demonstrated the inflammatory nature of asthma, emphasised the need for regular treatment, and introduced the goal of maintaining normal lung function.
Primary Care Respiratory Journal Volume 16 Issue 3 June 2007 Pages 191-193
We present a case of foreign body aspiration, the diagnosis of which was delayed until two months after the event. This case highlights the importance of a detailed clinical history in establishing the diagnosis of aspiration and how this was complicated by direct visualization via bronchoscopy which suggested a possible diagnosis of bronchial carcinoma.
The major contribution to oxidant related lung damage in COPD is from the oxidant/antioxidant imbalance and possibly impaired antioxidant defense. Glutathione (GSH) is one of the most important antioxidants in human lung and lung secretions, but the mechanisms participating in its homeostasis are partly unclear. Glutathione-S-transferase omega (GSTO) is a recently characterized cysteine containing enzyme with the capability to bind and release GSH in vitro. GSTO has not been investigated in human lung or lung diseases.
The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Volume 11, Number 7, July 2007 , pp. 710-721(12)
Recent experiences of emerging infections, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and avian influenza (H5N1), have highlighted the risks of serious pulmonary infections from occupational exposures. Occupationally acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection could also result in life-threatening, opportunistic lung infections as a result of host immunosuppression.
A survey was performed on behalf of the European Respiratory Society to assess end-of-life practices in patients admitted to European respiratory intermediate care units and high dependency units over a 6-month period.
The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of possible interactions between ß2-adrenoceptor gene polymorphisms and passive smoking on forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) in children aged 11 yrs.
Journal of Palliative Medicine Jun 2007, Vol. 10, No. 3 : 783 -797
By the year 2020, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) will be the third leading cause of death globally. While there have been consistent calls for increased palliative care involvement in the care of patients with advanced COPD, these calls should be based on empirical evidence that such an approach improves the symptom burden and poor quality of life associated with advanced COPD.
Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Volume 18, Number 4, June 2007 , pp. 326-334(9)
Data on the efficacy of corticosteroids on respiratory picornavirus-induced wheezing are limited. To determine whether prednisolone is effective in rhinovirus- or enterovirus-induced recurrent wheezing, we conducted a controlled trial comparing oral prednisolone.
Although the contribution of alveolar type II epithelial cell (AEC II) activities in various aspects of respiratory immune regulation has become increasingly appreciated, our understanding of the contribution of AEC II transcriptosome in immunopathologic lung injury remains poorly understood.
The Maugeri Respiratory Failure questionnaire (MRF-28) is the first instrument specifically developed for use with chronic respiratory failure (CRF) patients. The 28 items were selected using classical test theory. The purpose of the current analysis was to further refine the questionnaire using item response theory, specifically, the Rasch model analysis.
Despite significant advances in treatment modalities, morbidity due to childhood asthma has continued to increase, particularly for poor and minority children.
Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, Volume 51, Number 6, July 2007 , pp. 671-678(8)
To investigate patients' psychological distress in relation to memory and stressful experiences in the intensive care unit (ICU), and to identify early predictors for the development of high levels of acute post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-related symptoms.
Nature Clinical Practice Rheumatology (2007) 3, 372-373
Further to nonrandomized studies of cyclophosphamide as a novel therapeutic for pulmonary fibrosis in patients with scleroderma this is the first randomized, controlled trial that clearly shows that cyclophosphamide is moderately helpful in the stabilization of lung function.
Pediatrics International, Volume 49, Number 4, August 2007 , pp. 508-512(5)
Childhood asthma is reported to be underdiagnosed and undertreated worldwide. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the rate of underdiagnosis and undertreatment among children diagnosed with asthma in a tertiary reference center in Turkey.
Skeletal muscle dysfunction is a well-recognised hallmark of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) leading to exercise intolerance. The vastus lateralis of COPD patients is characterised by reduced mitochondrial enzyme activity; however, this is not the case in the tibialis anterior. It is, however, unclear whether the compromised oxidative capacity in the vastus is due to reduced mitochondrial volume density.
In the present study, phage display-derived antibodies were used to investigate the topology of glycosaminoglycan epitopes in the diaphragm of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and non-COPD patients. Furthermore, the potential physiological significance of changes in the occurrence of glycosaminoglycan epitopes in the diaphragm of COPD patients was studied by determining the overlap in epitope recognition of glycosaminoglycan antibodies and growth factors.
ta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, Volume 51, Number 6, July 2007 , pp. 766-769(4)
Lung protective ventilation can reduce mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, many patients with severe ARDS remain hypoxemic and more aggressive ventilation is necessary to maintain sufficient gas exchange. Pumpless arteriovenous extracorporeal lung assist (av-ECLA) has been shown to remove up to 95% of the systemic CO2 production, thereby allowing ventilator settings and modes prioritizing oxygenation and lung protection. High-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) is an alternative form of ventilation that may improve oxygenation while limiting the risk of further lung injury by using extremely small tidal volumes (VT).
The present study investigated whether single-dose oral leukotriene receptor antagonists as add-on therapy to short-acting B-agonists, immediately after allergen challenge, block the late-phase airway response.
Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is not invariably present in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS). The aim of the present study was to investigate polysomnographic determinants of EDS in patients with OSAS.
All hospitalisations for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in the Scottish population were examined to determine the epidemiological features of PAH. These data were compared with expert data from the Scottish Pulmonary Vascular Unit (SPVU).
In this open-label, randomized, crossover study, pharmacokinetic and glucodynamic responses were compared in healthy subjects versus subjects with moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), following administration of 12 units equivalent AIR inhaled insulin versus 12 units subcutaneous insulin lispro.
For a number of chronic diseases, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has become an important outcome measure. Little data are available on how incidence, remission, or persistence of respiratory symptoms affect HRQoL.
To investigate the clinical and microbiological effects of treatment according to the guidelines proposed by the American Thoracic Society and the Japanese Society for Tuberculosis and prospective follow-up studies after the completion of treatment of patients with pulmonary MAC disease.
The alveolar concentration of exhaled nitric oxide (CA,NO) is increased in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), but whether this increase is related to the severity of interstitial lung disease (ILD) in SSc has not yet been investigated.
Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgical lung biopsy is a frequently performed procedure as an integral part of the diagnostic armamentarium for parenchymal lung disease. However, there is no evidence in the literature concerning the need for an intercostal chest drain after the procedure.
Clinical trials of tiotropium have principally recruited patients from secondary care with more severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and typically had included limitation of concomitant medication. In primary care, which is the most common setting for COPD management, many patients may have milder disease, and also may take a broad range of concomitant medication.
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