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Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine. 13(1):8-12, January 2007
Although asthma is a global disease, there are important differences in epidemiology, clinical spectrum and management practices in India. Some of these issues have been reviewed in this article.
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 292: L33-L39, 2007
Airborne particulate pollutants, such as diesel exhaust particles, are thought to exacerbate lung and cardiovascular diseases through induction of oxidative stress. Sulforaphane, derived from cruciferous vegetables, is the most potent known inducer of phase II enzymes involved in the detoxification of xenobiotics.
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 292: L74-L84, 2007
Surfactant proteins maintain lung function through their actions to reduce alveolar surface tension and control of innate immune responses in the lung. The ubiquitin proteasome pathway is responsible for the degradation of majority of intracellular proteins in eukaryotic cells, and proteasome dysfunction has been linked to the development of neurodegenerative, cardiac, and other diseases.
Journal of Pediatric Surgery Volume 42, Issue 1 , January 2007, Pages 98-106
The purpose of this study was to determine whether ex utero intrapartum treatment with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (EXIT to ECMO) is a reasonable approach for managing patients antenatally diagnosed with severe congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH).
Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine. 13(1):72-80, January 2007
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is an immunologically mediated lung disease that is caused by hypersensitivity to antigens of the genus Aspergillus. This review summarizes the clinical presentation, radiologic profile, lung functions and immunologic studies on allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis from India.
Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine. 13(1):19-23, January 2007
Asthma is a heterogeneous disorder presenting with many phenotypes. Precise phenotypic definition has eluded the medical research community for years, despite recognition of different disease subtypes. Improved phenotypic characterization and knowledge of underlying pathobiology is necessary for linkage of specific genotypes with clinical disease manifestations.
Respirology, Volume 12, Number 1, January 2007, pp. 140-143(4)
Multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD) is a rare and often incurable lymphoproliferative disorder. It is typically a systemic illness, but occasionally manifests primarily as a pulmonary parenchymal disease with massive infiltration of CD138 (syndecan-1)-positive plasma cells.
Respirology, Volume 12, Number 1, January 2007, pp. 104-110(7)
Atypical pneumonia occupies an important position in community-acquired pneumonia. The aim of this study was to examine whether making a diagnosis of atypical pneumonia is possible based upon the Japanese Respiratory Society guidelines.
Influenza vaccination has been shown to reduce illness and all-cause mortality in vulnerable populations through the prevention of influenza infection. Attenuation of the severity of illness by vaccination has been reported for respiratory tract infections due to bacterial pathogens and would represent an important additional health benefit of influenza vaccination.
Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation. 26(6):395-404, November/December 2006
To develop and psychometrically test the Dyspnea Management Questionnaire (DMQ), a new multidimensional measure of dyspnea in adults with chronic obstructive lung disease.
Treatments in Respiratory Medicine, Volume 5, Number 6, 2006, pp. 407-417(11)
Virus-induced wheezing is a relatively benign entity that is usually transient in early childhood but is responsible for much health care utilization. The condition, seen traditionally as a subset of those children diagnosed as having frequent episodic asthma, is often treated with inhaled corticosteroids, despite their lack of efficacy.
Inhaled bronchodilators are first-line treatment for acute exacerbations of asthma. Continuous bronchodilator administration is a novel option for the treatment of bronchospasm, which may be more effective than intermittent therapy for patients with severe airflow obstruction.
During sleep, ventilation and functional residual capacity (FRC) decrease slightly. This study addresses regional lung aeration during wakefulness and sleep.
Understanding the environmental and genetic risk factors of accelerated lung function decline in the general population is a first step in a prevention strategy against the worldwide increasing respiratory pathology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Treatments in Respiratory Medicine, 2006, vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 503-508(6)
The aim of this In Vitro study was to determine the delivered dose of budesonide 200ug via a chlorofluorocarbon-free pressurized metered dose inhaler (pMDI) when administered through different spacers in tidal breathing patterns of young children.
Although spiral computed tomography (CT) is being used increasingly as the first-line imaging procedure in the diagnostic workup of patients with clinically suspected pulmonary embolism (PE), the diagnostic value of negative findings, at least when using the four-detector row scanners, is still controversial.
Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is a potentially life-threatening condition, with an overall 3-month mortality rate of 15% and with right ventricular failure as the most common cause of early death.
There have been no reports on acute pulmonary embolism (APE) after earthquakes. Our aim was to clarify the actual the occurrence of APE following the 2004 Mid Niigata Prefecture earthquake in Japan, and to assess the risk factors for APE after the event.
Respirology, Volume 12, Number 1, January 2007, pp. 49-53(5)
The genetic factors for the development of bronchiectasis are not well understood in most patients. The aim of this study was to elucidate the possible association between bronchiectasis and guanine-thymine (GT) repeat polymorphism in intron 2 of the human Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), which has a crucial role in adaptive as well as innate immunity.
A striking feature of pulmonary infection with the Gram-negative intracellular bacterium Francisella tularensis, a category A biological threat agent, is an intense accumulation of inflammatory cells, particularly neutrophils and macrophages, at sites of bacterial replication.
The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Volume 11, Number 1, January 2007, pp. 103-109(7)
It remains controversial whether the intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and fish is preventive against asthma. This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between fat and fish intake and the prevalence of asthma using baseline data from a prospective study.
An association of neurofibromatosis with diffuse lung disease (NF-DLD) has been described, but its true prevalence and characteristics remain unclear. The objective of the present study was to define diffuse lung disease in patients with neurofibromatosis.
Respirology, Volume 12, Number 1, January 2007, pp. 70-75(6)
Respiratory tract infection is a serious complication associated with bronchoscopic biopsy. This study attempted to examine its incidence and determine an efficacious therapy for preventing such infections.
Journal of Cardiac Surgery, Volume 21, Number 6, November/December 2006, pp. 587-589(3)
Pulmonary artery sarcomas are a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Most patients are initially thought to have pulmonary emboli, and during embolectomy, a sarcoma is found. Given the significant morbidity and mortality of cardiac sarcomas, an aggressive strategy for resection is indicated, as this leads to benefits in disease-free and overall survival.
Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, Volume 97, Number 6, December 2006, pp. 775-783(9)
To validate a 1-page survey as a point-in-time tool identifying uncontrolled vs controlled asthma and moderate-to-severe disease activity in an urban, lower-socioeconomic pediatric population.
Treatments in Respiratory Medicine, Volume 5, Number 6, 2006, pp. 385-391(7)
Despite aggressive fixed-dose (FD) combination therapy with inhaled glucocorticosteroids (ICS) and long acting B2-adrenoceptor agonists (LABA), many patients with asthma remain suboptimally controlled, based on the need for rescue therapy and rates of severe exacerbations.
Treatments in Respiratory Medicine, Volume 5, Number 6, 2006, pp. 399-406(8)
This article provides information on the pathogenesis of aspirin hypersensitivity, cross-sensitivity, and cross-tolerance of different NSAIDs in patients with respiratory types of reactions.
Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine. 13(1):37-43, January 2007
This brief review discusses how recent research may modify our understanding of the immunology of asthma. Consideration is given to the possible impact that these observations may have upon diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine. 13(1):13-18, January 2007
The relationship between allergic rhinitis and asthma has intrigued practicing physicians since the turn of the century. Investigations during the past two decades have led to an increased understanding of this relationship.
Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology & Venereology, Volume 21, Number 1, January 2007, pp. 35-39(5)
To evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of the ASST in a cohort of CIU patients compared to a cohort of respiratory-allergic patients and a group of normal individuals.
Human Pathology Volume 38, Issue 1 , January 2007, Pages 95-102
The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic started in November 2002 and spread worldwide. The pathological changes in several human organs of patients with SARS have been extensively described. However, to date, little has been reported about the effects of this infection on the thyroid gland. Femoral head necrosis and low serum triiodothyronine and thyroxine levels, commonly found in patients with SARS, raise the possibility of thyroid dysfunction.
We performed a cost-effectiveness analysis to compare health effects and costs of treatment with alteplase plus heparin sodium vs heparin alone in hemodynamically stable patients with pulmonary embolism and right ventricular dysfunction by developing a Markov model and using data from clinical trials and administrative sources.
Depressive symptoms are common among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD), but depression's impact on COPD outcomes has not been fully investigated. We evaluated the impact of comorbid depression on mortality, hospital readmission, smoking behavior, respiratory symptom burden, and physical and social functioning in patients with
COPD.
Obstructive lung diseases are associated with high rates of depression and anxiety, yet many patients are never screened or treated. This study evaluated the five-question Depression and Anxiety modules of the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD) Patient Questionnaire as a telephone screen in 1,632 patients with chronic breathing disorders at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Houston, TX.
Treatments in Respiratory Medicine, Volume 5, Number 6, 2006, pp. 393-398(6)
Allergy is acknowledged as a major risk factor for asthma. The pathogenetic aspects of allergic asthma are characterized by airway inflammation with infiltration of mast cells, basophils, eosinophils, monocytes and T helper type 2 lymphocytes, along with the isotype switching of B cells to generate immunoglobulins of the immunoglobulin E (IgE) class. Increased asthma severity is not only associated with recurrent hospitalization and increased mortality but also with higher social costs.
Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine. 13(1):24-30, January 2007
Recognition of the importance of leukotrienes in the pathogenesis of asthma has led to the development of leukotriene modifiers, the first new class of drugs for asthma treatment to become available since the introduction of inhaled corticosteroids. Nevertheless, despite their widespread use in clinical practice, the role of leukotriene modifiers in the management of asthma remains controversial. In the present article the clinical applications of this class of drugs have been critically reviewed based on recent evidence.
Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine. 13(1):1-7, January 2007
Acute severe asthma is challenging to the clinician both in terms of recognition and appropriate treatment. About 30% of these episodes need admission to the medical intensive care unit with a mortality of 8%. Relapse rates vary from 7 to 15% depending on how well the patient is managed. The purpose of this review is to discuss recent advances in identification of risk factors, pathophysiology and management of acute severe asthma.
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 292: L178-L184, 2007
Acute hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction can be inhibited by high doses of the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide. This study aimed to determine whether acetazolamide is effective at dosing relevant to human use at high altitude and to investigate whether its efficacy against hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction is dependent on carbonic anhydrase inhibition by testing other potent heterocyclic sulfonamide carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
PEDIATRICS Vol. 119 No. 1 January 2007, pp. e241-e246
Endostatin is a potent angiogenesis inhibitor. Angiogenesis is central for the development of the human lung. The role of endostatin in the development of the human lung and its connection to chronic lung disease remain unclear. We set out to study the role of endostatin in the developing human lung and in acute and chronic lung injury in the preterm infant.
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis is the most common lower respiratory tract infection in infancy. To date, there is no effective therapy for RSV bronchiolitis.
Bronchial asthma is a complicated and diverse disorder affected by genetic and environmental factors. It is widely accepted that it is a Th2-type inflammation originating in lung and caused by inhalation of ubiquitous allergens.
Asthma, wheeze and cough are words with profoundly differing histories, etymologies and meanings. Yet their medical usage today is clustered around the diagnosis and management of a single disease. Hitherto, asthma has been a clinical diagnosis but wheeze, cough and asthma now are key terms in cross-cultural questionnaire surveys which seek information on asthma prevalence.
Our objective was to determine the prevalence rate of parent-reported asthma in children with internalizing disorders seeking psychological treatment, and to study the level of internalizing and externalizing problems in these patients compared to patients without asthma. Participants were 367 children (ages 5-18 years) with internalizing disorders seeking psychological treatment.
PEDIATRICS Vol. 119 No. 1 January 2007, pp. e6-e11
Influenza rapid antigen detection (rapid tests) can provide timely identification of infection and aid in clinical decision-making. Although the interpretation of test results depends on test characteristics and influenza prevalence, this information is limited in routine clinical practice.
Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine. 13(1):67-71, January 2007
The present article is an update of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Although a rare condition, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis does affect a number of patients with asthma and cystic fibrosis. Prompt recognition and treatment of the disease is critical to improving patient outcomes.
Treatments in Respiratory Medicine, Volume 5, Number 6, 2006, pp. 371-383(13)
Current international guidelines for the management of community acquired pneumonia (CAP) recommend therapy with a B-lactam plus a macrolide or a `respiratory' fluoroquinolone alone in patients hospitalized in a medical ward, and combination therapy with a B-lactam plus a macrolide or a fluoroquinolone in patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit.
Treatments in Respiratory Medicine, Volume 5, Number 6, 2006, pp. 467-481(15)
Corticosteroids are the most effective treatment for asthma, but the therapeutic response varies considerably between individuals. Several clinical studies have found that smokers with asthma are insensitive to the beneficial effects of short- to medium-term inhaled corticosteroid treatment compared with non-smokers with asthma.
Treatments in Respiratory Medicine, Volume 5, Number 6, 2006, pp. 437-465(29)
The new respiratory fluoroquinolones (gatifloxacin, gemifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and on the horizon, garenoxacin) offer many improved qualities over older agents such as ciprofloxacin. These include retaining excellent activity against Gram-negative bacilli, with improved Gram-positive activity (including Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus).
Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine. 13(1):63-66, January 2007
There is evidence for an association between asthma and air pollutants, including ozone, NO2 and particulate matter. Since these pollutants are ubiquitous in the urban atmosphere and typically correlated with each other it has been difficult to ascertain the specific sources of air pollution responsible for the observed effects.
Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine. 13(1):31-36, January 2007
Purpose of review: The management of asthma is guided by clinical symptoms, physiological measurements, and response to therapy. Recent advances in computed tomography imaging promise to add a new dimension to our diagnostic armamentarium.
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) has been widely observed in patients suffering interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. In vitro studies have also demonstrated that AECs could convert into myofibroblasts following exposure to TGF-beta1.
American Journal of Rhinology, Volume 20, Number 6, November-December 2006, pp. 641-647(7)
Allergic rhinitis may be associated with asthma. Forced expiratory flow between 25 and 75% of vital capacity (FEF25-75) is a measure of small airways narrowing.
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Vol 175. pp. 144-149, (2007)
To assess the impact of combination therapy with salmeterol/fluticasone propionate compared with salmeterol alone on moderate and severe exacerbations in patients with severe COPD and a history of repeated exacerbations.
Leukotriene inhibitors are the first new class of medications for the treatment of persistent asthma that have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in more than two decades.
PEDIATRICS Vol. 119 No. 1 January 2007, pp. e171-e178
Little is known about the relation between cytokine profile at birth and acute lower respiratory illnesses in the first year of life. The purpose of this work was to examine the relation between cytokine secretions by cord blood mononuclear cells and acute lower respiratory illness in a birth cohort of 297 children.
Medical Hypotheses Volume 68, Issue 2 , 2007, Pages 291-298
There is increasing evidence that systemic inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of COPD. Inflammatory markers show relationships with exercise performance, health related quality of life and breathlessness.
The aim of the present study was to describe the cases of occupational asthma (OA) due to stainless steel welding fumes diagnosed at the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health during the period 1994-2003.
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and sarcoidosis are common diagnoses in patients attending chest clinics, but little is known about the epidemiology of these diseases. We used data from a general practice database to provide information on the current incidence of IPF and sarcoidosis in the UK.
Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 32(1):53-54, January 2007
Sarcoidosis is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease of unknown origin preferentially involving the lungs with associated hilar and mediastinal adenopathy. Characteristic radiologic and PET features of thoracic sarcoidosis are well recognized by clinicians and imagers.
International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology Volume 71, Issue 1 , January 2007, Pages 1-6
Although first line therapy of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in children is adeno-tonsillectomy, the indications for this operation have not yet been clearly established. We investigated whether pulse-oximetry is useful for determining the optional treatment modality for pediatric SDB.
PEDIATRICS Vol. 119 No. 1 January 2007, pp. e225-e231
Antibiotic exposure in early life may be associated with atopic disease development either by interfering with bacterial commensal flora or by modifying the course of bacterial infections. We evaluated early life exposure to antibiotics and the subsequent development of eczema, wheeze, and allergic sensitization in infancy.
Small pulmonary nodules with little or no perceptible 18F-FDG uptake are relatively common findings on combined PET/CT images of patients with nonthoracic malignancies. Interpreting such nodules is often a diagnostic challenge, and this study aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of the nodules.
Allergy and Asthma Proceedings, Volume 27, Number 6, November-December 2006, pp. 486-492(7)
Currently available metered dose inhalers (MDIs) do not track the remaining number of doses, indicating the need for a device that accurately monitors medication use.
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Vol 175. pp. 160-166, (2007)
We hypothesized that despite tidal volume and plateau pressure limitation, patients with a larger nonaerated compartment are exposed to tidal hyperinflation of the normally aerated compartment.
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Vol 175. pp. 167-173, (2007)
To describe 1-yr longitudinal outcomes for caregivers of patients who survived critical illness, and to compare depression risk between caregivers of patients with and without pre-intensive care unit (ICU) functional dependency.
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Vol 175. pp. 108-119, (2007)
Viral infections are important causes of asthma exacerbations in children, and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs), caused by viruses such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and rhinovirus (RV), are a leading cause of bronchiolitis in infants. Infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis are at significantly increased risk for both recurrent wheezing and childhood asthma.
The present study compares the risk factors, presentation and outcome of community-acquired Legionella pneumophila pneumonia in 138 sporadic-case patients (1994–2004) and 113 outbreak-case patients (2002) treated in two hospitals in Catalonia (Spain) since urinary antigen assays were adopted.
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Vol 175. pp. 144-149, (2007)
To assess the impact of combination therapy with salmeterol/fluticasone propionate compared with salmeterol alone on moderate and severe exacerbations in patients with severe COPD and a history of repeated exacerbations.
European Journal of Echocardiography Volume 7, Issue 6 , December 2006, Pages 439-446
Patients with autoimmune disease, and in particular limited systemic sclerosis (CREST syndrome), are at risk of developing pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) which is associated with a poor prognosis. With improvements in therapy offering improved survival and functional capacity, there has been an emphasis on screening to identify patients at risk. Assessment of patients during exercise may enable early identification of patients with this condition.
The rise in the prevalence of asthma in western societies may be related to changed dietary habits. Epidemiological studies in children have shown inverse associations of asthma related outcomes with intake of fruits, vegetables, dairy and whole grain products, and fish. In contrast to most previous studies, we used both questionnaire and clinical data to define asthma.
Chronic cough that persists despite medical treatment may respond to speech pathology intervention, but the efficacy of such treatment has not been investigated in prospective randomised trials. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of a speech pathology intervention programme for chronic cough.
Exploratory study aimed to examine differences in family interaction patterns during a routine mealtime between overweight, at-risk for overweight, and average weight children with asthma.
Theophylline is a useful drug for the treatment of asthma. The Asthma Prevention and Management Guidelines (JGL) recommend use of sustained-release theophylline products as controllers and of injectable aminophylline products as relievers.
The present study examined the association between guideline-derived asthma control and health-related quality of life, assessed using the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ), in patients with uncontrolled asthma whose treatment was directed towards achieving the highest possible level of control.
In contrast to the effects of cigarette smoke on T-lymphocyte subsets in the airways, it has not yet been determined whether smoking has immunomodulatory effects on surface antigens of peripheral blood T-lymphocytes and, if that is the case, whether these effects differ in smokers with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Excess deposition of proteoglycans (PGs) has been described in the subepithelial layer of the asthmatic airway wall. However, less is known about deposition in the airway smooth muscle (ASM) layer, and whether the pattern of deposition is altered depending upon disease severity.
Respirology, Volume 12, Number 1, January 2007, pp. 42-48(7)
Recent family-based studies have revealed a linkage between human chromosome 5q31 and asthma, elevated serum IgE levels and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Among the candidate genes in this region is the gene encoding IL-4. This gene could be a candidate gene for asthma. The aim of this prospective case-control study was to assess the frequency of polymorphisms in the IL-4 gene promoter among asthmatic patients from Taiwan.
A study was undertaken of deaths with an underlying or associated cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and trends in COPD mortality from 1979 to 2002 in France were analysed.
Genetic variants in the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) gene have been investigated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, there are many instances of nonreplication of these associations due to insufficient power or other factors.
Significant advances have been made in our understanding of the role of genetic variation in determining complex human phenotypes such as asthma. It is now well established that there is no single "gene for asthma", in the way that the cystic fibrosis transmembrane receptor is the "gene for cystic fibrosis".
To retrospectively correlate the extent of individual diseases seen at thin-section computed tomography (CT) with pulmonary function in an initial group of patients with asbestos-related parenchymal disease (asbestosis) and to test these findings in a subsequent group of patients whose CT scans were retrospectively identified.
The influence of physical housing quality on childhood asthma expression, especially the effect of exposure to moulds, allergens, and pollutants, is well documented. However, attempts to explain increasing rates and severity of childhood asthma solely through physical environmental factors have been unsuccessful, and additional exposures may be involved.
Smokers are more prone to develop chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) than non-smokers, but this finding comes from studies spanning 10 years or less. The aim of this study was to determine the 25 year absolute risk of developing COPD in men and women from the general population.
Current Opinion in Critical Care. 13(1):51-56, February 2007
The severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemic of 2002-2003, recent natural catastrophes, burgeoning concerns regarding intentional catastrophes, and the looming threat of an influenza pandemic have focused attention on large-scale, survivable respiratory failure.
8-Isoprostane is a potential in vivo marker for oxidant burden, but its usefulness in induced sputum of smokers and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has not been investigated.
Considerable evidence is available in support of an independent association between obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) and cardiovascular disease, which is particularly strong for systemic arterial hypertension and growing for ischaemic heart disease, stroke, heart failure, atrial fibrillation and cardiac sudden death.
Transbronchial needle aspiration is a bronchoscopic sampling method for a variety of bronchial and pulmonary lesions. The present study investigated whether and how serial needle passes contribute to the yield of transbronchial needle aspiration at specific target sites.
Cigarette smokers with asthma are insensitive to the therapeutic effects of corticosteroids. It is not known whether this insensitivity to corticosteroids in smokers affects tissue sites beyond the airways.
The purpose of this study was to compare the dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI enhancement characteristics of malignant and benign solitary pulmonary nodules.
Journal of Sleep Research, Volume 15, Number 4, December 2006, pp. 424-429(6)
Patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) have an elevated incidence of cardiovascular events that may be related to an increased ventricular load and hypoxemia caused by apneas and hypopneas.
Journal of Hospital Infection Volume 65, Issue 1 , January 2007, Pages 54-57
Twenty intensive care patients were diagnosed as infected or colonized by Pseudomonas aeruginosa within a one-month period; a rate three to four times higher than the typical background frequency of this infection in the intensive care unit (ICU).
Journal of Sleep Research, Volume 15, Number 4, December 2006, pp. 455-462(8)
In patients with arrhythmias, coincidence with sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBD) is high and of clinical relevance. Electrocardiogram-derived (ECG) parameters have been developed for SRBD screening, but it has proved necessary to exclude patients with frequent arrhythmias.
As little is known about the long term relationship between respiratory symptoms and mortality from non-malignant respiratory diseases, a study was undertaken to investigate the predictive value of respiratory symptoms and symptom load for mortality from obstructive lung disease (OLD) and pneumonia in the long term in a Norwegian population.
Although C-reactive protein (CRP) levels are increased in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), it is not certain whether they are associated with adverse clinical outcomes.
Hostility and anger are risk factors for, or co-occur with, many health problems of older adults such as cardiovascular diseases, all-cause mortality, and asthma.
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is associated with oxygen desaturation to a varying degree. A patent foramen ovale (PFO) may allow interatrial right-to-left shunting. The hypothesis of the current study was that oxygen desaturation will occur more often, in proportion to the frequency of respiratory disturbances, in OSA subjects with PFO than in those without.
Evidence-based recommendations on the clinical use of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in lung and heart disease are presented, with reference to the assessment of exercise intolerance, prognostic assessment and the evaluation of therapeutic interventions (e.g. drugs, supplemental oxygen, exercise training).
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