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Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, doi:10.1093/tropej/fmp030
Pneumonia is a leading cause of hospitalization and death among children in Africa. We describe the clinical presentation of severe pneumonia among hospitalized children in a malaria endemic area with a high prevalence of HIV infection.
Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, doi:10.1093/tropej/fmp026
A cross-sectional study was carried out over a period of 12 months to investigate the occurrence of human bocavirus
(HBoV) infection in infants hospitalized for respiratory infections in a teaching hospital in Salvador, Brazil, and to describe the clinical manifestations of this infection.
To determine the impact of intrauterine inflammation of maternal
(chorioamnionitis) and fetal (umbilical vasculitis) origin and neonatal sepsis on the development of neonatal chronic lung disease in preterm infants.
Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Volume 20, Number 3, May 2009 , pp. 219-226(8)
Respiratory infections cause considerable morbidity during infancy. The impact of innate immunity mechanisms, such as mannose-binding lectin
(MBL), on respiratory symptoms remains unclear.
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, May 2009, p. 1987-1997, Vol. 53, No. 5
Overall, our data indicate that while MexXY is necessary for P. aeruginosa to adapt to the hostile environment of the CF lung, the MexAB-OprM pump is dispensable and tends to be lost or inactivated in subpopulations of P. aeruginosa
Medical Hypotheses Received 22 February 2009; accepted 4 March 2009. published online 27 April 2009
Although current cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) performance can increase the rates of restoration of spontaneous circulation
(ROSC) and survival to hospital admission, the discharge rates of patients remain disappointing.
The Journal of Infectious Diseases 2009;199:1427-1434
Human adenoviruses (Ads) typically cause mild illnesses in otherwise healthy hosts. We investigated a community-based outbreak that had substantial morbidity caused primarily by Ad14, an uncommon serotype.
The value of exercise testing as an objective measure of disease severity in patients with chronic chest diseases
(CCD) is becoming increasingly recognized. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in oxygen uptake during early recovery following maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing
(CPXT) in relation to functional capacity and markers of disease severity.
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, May 2009, p. 2034-2041, Vol. 53, No. 5
Vancoresmycin is a novel tetramic acid antibiotic, probably interfering with functions of the cytoplasmic membrane. To investigate its mode of action, mutants of Streptococcus pneumoniae exhibiting reduced susceptibility to vancoresmycin were isolated at a low frequency.
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, May 2009, p. 1766-1771, Vol. 53, No. 5
The characterization of AmpC-type {beta}-lactamases was performed in a collection of 32 clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates with intermediate susceptibility or resistance to imipenem and
ceftazidime.
COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Volume 6, Issue 2 April 2009 , pages 130 - 136
Bronchiectasis is a heterogeneous disorder with a large number of etiologic factors. The main symptom is a chronic productive cough. The aim of this study was to describe the phenotypes of patients with bronchiectasis who had developed a chronic productive cough in childhood (before 16 years of age) compared with those who had developed a productive cough as adults.
COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Volume 6, Issue 2 April 2009 , pages 121 - 129
We sought to develop procedures for computerized analysis of long-term, high-resolution activity monitoring data that allow accurate assessment of the time course of activity levels suitable for use in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) patients.
Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by vascular dysplasia complicated by visceral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs).
Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome is the most frequent glomerular disease during childhood. Although immunosuppressive agents are usually effective, some severe cases remain difficult to treat.
Preventing asthma exacerbation is an important goal of asthma management. The existing clinical tools are not good in predicting asthma exacerbations in young children.
The Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society 6:272-277 (2009)
Results from birth cohort and cross-sectional studies of young children with wheezing have uncovered strong associations between both lung function and immune responses in early life and the subsequent development of persistent wheezing and chronic airway obstruction up to mid-adulthood.
Journal of Asthma, Volume 46, Issue 3 April 2009 , pages 314 - 317
Respiratory tract amyloidosis is characterized by deposition of amyloid fibril protein at any site along the respiratory tract ranging from the larynx to the pulmonary parenchyma. Usually, it is not associated with primary systemic
amyloidosis.
Studies from single centers have suggested that mortality from acute lung injury (ALI) has declined over time. However, recent trends in ALI mortality from centers across the United States are unknown.
Controversy remains as to whether low-dose corticosteroids can reduce the mortality and morbidity of acute lung injury (ALI) or the acute respiratory distress syndrome
(ARDS) without increasing the risk of adverse reactions. We aimed to evaluate all studies investigating prolonged corticosteroids in low-to-moderate dose in ALI or
ARDS.
Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology Volume 53 Issue 1, Pages 22 - 31
Bronchopulmonary sequestration is an uncommon pulmonary disorder characterized by an area of non-functioning abnormal lung tissue, which receives its blood supply from a systemic artery and characteristically has no connection with the tracheobronchial tree.
Journal of Asthma, Volume 46, Issue 3 April 2009 , pages 280 - 283
The aim of the study was to assess links between family relationships and severity of dyspnea identified in asthmatic adults. Materials. A total of 131 consecutive, non-selected patients with asthma participated in the study: 88 women (67.18%) and 43 men (32.82%).
We previously showed in renal transplant-recipients on
maintenance-immunosuppression that a whole-blood assay was superior in detecting immunity towards purified-protein-derivative
(PPD) compared to skin-testing.
Combined sedation with a benzodiazepine and an opiate has been proposed as standard sedation for
bronchoscopy. Propofol is a sedative-hypnotic with a rapid onset of action and fast recovery time but carries the potential risk of respiratory failure.
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) associated with polymyositis/dermatomyositis
(ILD-PM/DM), including amyopathic dermatomyositis (ADM), is recognized as an important condition because it frequently causes death, despite intensive therapy with high-dose corticosteroid and immunosuppressive agents, such as cyclosporine A and
cyclophosphamide.
Applied Health Economics & Health Policy. 6(4):199-216, 2008
It is estimated that annually 300 000 cases of rotavirus-induced gastroenteritis
(RVGE) occur in children aged up to 5 years in France. A two-dose vaccine against rotavirus infection (RIX4414;
Rotarix(TM), GlaxoSmithKline), has been shown to be highly effective against severe
RVGE.
Conventional (static) models used in health economics implicitly assume that the probability of disease exposure is constant over time and unaffected by interventions.
Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disease which irreversibly damages the lungs. People with cystic fibrosis are prone to getting
pneumothorax. A pneumothorax is defined as the presence of air in the space between the two linings of the lungs.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) originate from the incomplete combustion of organic matter and ambient air pollution by these is increasing. There is also an increase in the global prevalence of asthma, for which environmental pollution has been recognized as one of the important factors.
Identify important patient-reported concepts of dyspnea and associated activities to develop a
dyspnea-specific conceptual model for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD).
Protective ventilation in neonates requires careful volume monitoring to prevent ventilator-induced lung injury caused by
baro/volutrauma and hence chronic lung disease. This study investigated the effect of endotracheal tube (ET) leakage on the displayed tidal volume using an in vitro model.
BMC Medical Imaging 2009, 9:7doi:10.1186/1471-2342-9-7
The Japanese Respiratory Society guidelines propose a differential diagnosis for atypical pneumonia and bacterial pneumonia using a scoring system for the selection of appropriate antibiotic.
Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Volume 20, Number 3, May 2009 , pp. 227-233(7)
As antenatal environment may influence the development of atopy-predisposing immune response, cord blood cytokine productions may be an important predictor for wheezing.
The Expert Panel Report 3 of the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program represents a major advance in the approach to asthma care by emphasizing the monitoring of clinically relevant aspects of care and the importance of planned primary care, and by providing patients practical tools for self-management.
Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 2009, doi:10.1165/rcmb.2009-0033TR
Sarcoidosis is a non-caseating granulomatous disease likely of autoimmune etiology, that causes inflammation and tissue damage in multiple organs, most commonly the lung, but also skin, and lymph nodes.
Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 2009, doi:10.1165/rcmb.2008-0419OC
Increased apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells and impaired apoptosis of myofibroblasts have been linked to the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis/usual interstitial pneumonia
(IPF/UIP).
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is caused by a deficiency or dysfunction of the lining chemicals of the lung known as pulmonary surfactant. A wide variety of surfactant products have been formulated and studied in clinical trials.
There has been some concern raised at the possibility of increased serious adverse events following administration of
formoterol, a long-acting beta-agonist, to people with asthma.
Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 2009, doi:10.1165/rcmb.2008-0357OC
Tight junctions (TJs) play a key role in maintaining bronchial epithelial integrity, including
apical-basolateral polarity and paracellular trafficking.
Thorax. Published Online First: 8 April 2009. doi:10.1136/thx.2008.110445
Wegener's Granulomatosis (WG) has previously been associated with increased nasal carriage of Staphylococcus
aureus, but no studies have investigated the occurrence of pathogen growth in the lower airways.
This study was designed to investigate the efficacy of moxifloxacin in the eradication of bacterial colonisation of the airways in patients with moderate-to-severe
COPD.
The Clinical Respiratory Journal Published Online: 29 Apr 2009
Bronchial provocation tests may be utilised to monitor the efficacy of the corticosteroid treatment. Unfortunately, these measurements necessitate good patient cooperation during the
spirometry.
It is increasingly recognised that the airway circulation plays an important role in airway diseases, either through a change in blood flow or through microvascular leakage.
The use of retinoids to induce human lung regeneration is under investigation in a number of studies in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD).
The epidemiology of respiratory viruses and their potential clinical impact when recovered in lower respiratory specimens has not been established in the hospital setting.
Studies of the relation between maternal diet in pregnancy and respiratory and atopic outcomes in the offspring have focused on the effects of individual nutrients and foods rather than dietary patterns.
Approximately half of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(AECOPD) are associated with bacterial infection, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is increasingly recognised as an important pathogen.
Long-acting inhaled anticholinergic agents are a mainstay of treatment in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) and have a beneficial effect on many clinical outcomes.
It is understood that chronic allograft failure occurs as a result of alloimmune and
non-alloimmune injury. Dendritic cells (DC) are thought to be crucial in regulating
(allo)immune airway damage and interactions with epithelial cells are likely.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by an abnormal inflammatory response mainly to cigarette smoke that flares up during exacerbations of the disease
(ECOPD).
This is the first report of familial idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis associated with hepatic nodular regenerative hyperplasia and bone marrow
hypoplasia.
The aim of this study was to estimate the contribution of polymorphisms in the positionally cloned asthma candidate genes ADAM33, PHF11, DPP10, GPRA and PTGDR to the risk of asthma, total and specific immunoglobulin E level, lung function and wheezing in a large, nationally representative, population.
Respiratory Research 2009, 10:30doi:10.1186/1465-9921-10-30
Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibition with sildenafil has been used to treat severe pulmonary hypertension and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a chronic lung disease in very preterm infants who were mechanically ventilated for respiratory distress syndrome.
Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging Published Online: 28 Apr 2009
Increased sympathetic activity during sleep has been suggested as a link between obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Heart rate variability
(HRV) is a measure of autonomic effect on the heart.
Future Neurology May 2009, Vol. 4, No. 3, Pages 267-277 , DOI 10.2217/fnl.09.9
Rotigotine is a nonergot D3, D2 and D1 dopamine agonist that is currently approved for use in Parkinson’s disease and is awaiting approval for restless legs syndrome
(RLS) in Europe.
Medical Hypotheses Received 21 February 2009; accepted 27 February 2009. published online 27 April 2009
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) exhibits sensorimotor symptoms. In familial cases, a gene at chromosomal location 9p-24-22 is linked to RLS and the expressed mutation is Dopamine Receptor Specific Individual Sensitivity
(DRSIS).
Although recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone (rhTSH) has been approved officially as an adjunct to the diagnostic approach of thyroid cancer and ablation of thyroid remnants, its application in treatment of persistent or metastatic disease is still under investigation.
We present an interesting case of a 64-year-old man with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and known coronary disease who underwent a successful unilateral lung transplant.
Evaluation of malignancies by positron emission tomography/computed tomography has revolutionized the noninvasive approach to cancer diagnosis and management.
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, May 2009, p. 2160-2162, Vol. 53, No. 5
Fifty-three Mycoplasma pneumoniae strains were isolated from pediatric patients in Shanghai, China, from October 2005 to February 2008. Of 53 clinical isolates, 44 (83%) were resistant to erythromycin
(MICs of >128 µg/ml for all 44 strains), azithromycin, and
clarithromycin.
The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Volume 13, Number 5, May 2009 , pp. 606-612(7)
To evaluate the quality of sputum smear microscopy in nine Taiwan Centers for Disease Control contract laboratories, an external quality assessment
(EQA) programme has been implemented since 2005.
The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Volume 13, Number 5, May 2009 , pp. 587-593(7)
Oxygen treatment is vital in pneumonia, the leading cause of death in children globally. There are shortages of oxygen in developing countries, but little information is available on the extent of the problem.
The consequences of poor quality and/or inadequate sleep in children and adolescents have become a major public health concern, and one in which pediatric health care professionals have become increasingly involved.
Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Volume 20, Number 3, May 2009 , pp. 207-212(6)
The increase of asthma has paralleled the rising obesity during the past decades. Obesity is characterized by the increase of leptin in the circulation.
Academic Emergency Medicine Published Online: 23 Apr 2009
The objective was to determine the incremental benefit of a shortness-of-breath (SOB) point-of-care biomarker panel on the diagnostic accuracy of emergency department (ED) patients presenting with
dyspnea.
Chest Published online before print April 2009, doi: 10.1378/chest.09-0049
Approximately 15% of nosocomial infections in the ICU result from spread of bacteria on caregivers’ hands. The routine chest radiograph provides an unexamined opportunity for bacteria spread - close contact with each patient and sequential examination of ICU patients.
Pulmonary artery sarcoma is an uncommon and highly malignant neoplasm that presents a diagnostic challenge to radiologists due to its tendency to mimic the more common condition of pulmonary
thromboembolism.
Journal of Bronchology: April 2009 - Volume 16 - Issue 2 - pp 99-101
Talc insufflation is usually performed by thoracic surgeons in the operating room through video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) or by pulmonologists in a specially equipped suite (medical
thoracoscopy).
Lack of specific and efficient therapy leads to the high mortality rate of acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome
(ARDS). Losartan is a potent pharmaceutical drug for ALI/ARDS.
Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases First Published on: 26 April 2009
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the primary pathogen causing community acquired pneumonia in children. Despite medical progress, the prevalence of complicated pneumococcal pneumonia became increased without apparent explanations.
This study compared the identification of B. pseudomallei with related organisms. Bench tests and latex agglutination were compared with molecular identification.
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, May 2009, p. 1983-1986, Vol. 53, No. 5
Many hospital antimicrobial stewardship programs restrict the availability of selected drugs by requiring prior approval. Carbapenems may be among the restricted drugs, but it is unclear if hospitals that restrict availability actually use fewer carbapenems than hospitals that do not restrict use.
Journal of Asthma, Volume 46, Issue 3 April 2009 , pages 252 - 258
Data on the use and efficacy of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in patients with asthma are limited, and there is a lack of studies documenting the use of CAM in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) in Turkey.
Journal of Asthma, Volume 46, Issue 3 April 2009 , pages 308 - 313
Lack of discussion regarding actual asthma medication use by physicians with caregivers of children with asthma may result in low caregiver and physician concordance about prescribed asthma medications.
Journal of Asthma, Volume 46, Issue 3 April 2009 , pages 217 - 224
Although oxidative stress is a cardinal feature of bronchial asthma, the role of interactions between environmental oxidant/antioxidant exposures and antioxidant genes in asthma aetiology has yet to be determined.
Journal of Asthma, Volume 46, Issue 3 April 2009 , pages 276 - 279
Endoscopic thoracic sympathectic denervation (ESD) is a procedure used in primary hyperhidrosis and upper extremity ischemia. Bronchial tone is affected by the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems and bronchial asthma is associated with an imbalance between them. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ESD on pulmonary function and bronchial hyperresponsiveness
(BHR).
Primary Sjogren's syndrome (PSS) is associated with various histological patterns of interstitial lung disease. Although chest images and lung function studies showed that lung involvement predominantly occurs in small airways, pathological findings were not consistent with the results of high-resolution CT
(HRCT) and lung function tests.
Journal of Bronchology: April 2009 - Volume 16 - Issue 2 - pp 87-90
Pleural-based intrathoracic lesions pose a diagnostic challenge. Image-guided percutaneous biopsy with fluoroscopy, computed tomography (CT) scan, and ultrasound (US) have been used to establish a diagnosis.
Chest Published online before print April 2009, doi: 10.1378/chest.09-0211
In IPF, to identify predictors of abnormal heart rate recovery HRR at one (HRR1) and two (HRR2) minutes after a six-minute walk test (6MWT) and to determine whether abnormal HRR predicts mortality.
Journal of Bronchology: April 2009 - Volume 16 - Issue 2 - pp 121-123
Endobronchial tuberculosis is a rare occurrence in the developed countries. The diagnosis is often delayed due to its nonspecific presentation and paucity of radiographic findings.
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis remains underused among hospitalized patients. We designed and carried out a large,
multicenter, randomized controlled trial to test the hypothesis that an alert from a hospital staff member to the attending physician will reduce the rate of symptomatic VTE among high-risk patients not receiving prophylaxis.
COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Volume 6, Issue 2 April 2009 , pages 137 - 144
The possibility that pulmonary hypertension (PH) may develop in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) is well established, but prevalence data vary.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by chronic and progressive
dyspnoea, cough and sputum production. T lymphocytes may play a key role in the pathogenesis of COPD and chronic bronchitis.
Airway inflammation is an important component of cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. We sought to determine whether alveolar macrophages (AM) were involved in early CF lung disease.
The GSTP1 Ile105Val variant and secondhand tobacco smoke exposure have been independently associated with acute respiratory illness; however, susceptibility to in utero and secondhand tobacco smoke has yet to be examined in relation to variation across the GSTP1 locus.
Clinical Microbiology and Infection Published Online: 23 Apr 2009
The seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) has been available in Portugal since June 2001, but is not included in the National Vaccination Plan. Its impact on colonization is unknown.
British Journal of Radiology 2009, doi:10.1259/bjr/28241773
In this study we evaluated patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and impaired right ventricular function. We used cardiac MRI for the detection of myocardial delayed enhancement
(MDE) and its possible association with other clinical variables.
The Journal of Infectious Diseases 2009;199:1497-1505
The correlation between carbohydrate availability, pneumococcal biofilm formation, nasopharyngeal colonization, and invasion of the host has been investigated.
Children undergoing congenital heart surgery are at risk for prolonged mechanical ventilation and length of hospital stay. We investigated the prognostic value of pulmonary dead space fraction as a non-invasive, physiologic marker in this population.
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, May 2009, p. 2133-2135, Vol. 53, No. 5
Using time-kill methodology, we investigated the interactions of an imipenem-colistin combination against 42 genetically distinct Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates carrying a blaVIM-1-type gene.
Obesity is becoming a major medical concern in several parts of the world, with huge economic impacts on health- care systems, resulting mainly from increased cardiovascular risks.
Nitric oxide (NO) is a molecular gas, which, in the respiratory system, regulates vascular and bronchial tone leading to dilatation, facilitates the beating of the cilia and acts as a neurotransmitter.
COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Volume 6, Issue 2 April 2009 , pages 104 - 111
The objective was to evaluate the effect of inhaled corticosteroids on disease progression in smokers with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD), as assessed by annual computed tomography (CT) using lung density (LD) measurements.
Journal of Asthma, Volume 46, Issue 3 April 2009 , pages 259 - 264
Adenosine monophosphate (AMP) challenge is a diagnostic tool for asthma. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of low dose inhaled budesonide
(IB) on PC20AMP levels.
Chronic alveolar hypoxia, whether due to residence at high altitude or lung disease, leads to a sustained increase in pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary hypertension.
Laboratories in low income countries report acid-fast microscopy is insensitive and nonspecific. We demonstrate that in a Ugandan population with a high prevalence of tuberculosis and HIV infection, acid-fast microscopy is highly sensitive (93.1%) and specific (100%) when performed by trained technologists in a carefully controlled manner using established techniques.
Primary Health Care Research & Development (2009), 10 : 109-116
To explore parents' perceptions of environmental household risks to their child's asthma and to identify the strategies they adopt in relation to these perceived risks.
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is due to mutations in the CFTR gene, and is characterized by hyper-secretion of the proinflammatory chemokine interleukin 8 (IL-8) into the airway lumen.
Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are synthetic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
{gamma}(PPAR{gamma}) ligands that are widely used in type II diabetes treatment. In addition to their ability to improve glucose homeostasis, TZDs possess anti-inflammatory properties and inhibit growth of many cells, particularly cancerous airway epithelial cells.
Increased airway smooth muscle (ASM) mass and infiltration by mast cells are key features of airway remodeling in asthma. We describe a model to investigate the relationship between
ASM, extra-cellular matrix, mast cells and airway remodeling.
Francisella tularensis, the causative agent of tularemia, is a highly virulent organism, especially when exposure occurs by inhalation. Recent data suggest that Francisella interacts directly with alveolar epithelial cells.
COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Volume 6, Issue 2 April 2009 , pages 112 - 120
The mechanisms behind airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) are still not well understood. Here we investigated lymphocyte subtypes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, likely to be involved in the pathogenesis of
COPD, as well as exploring the effect of smoking cessation.
The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Volume 13, Number 5, May 2009 , pp. 580-586(7)
To evaluate the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and to identify physiological and psychosocial variables predicting the HRQoL among Korean people with chronic respiratory disease
(CRD).
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is recognized as a source of systemic inflammation and is associated with the development of cardiovascular disease.
Chest Published online before print April 2009, doi: 10.1378/chest.09-0334
Although experts recommend presymptomatic coil embolotherapy for patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
(HHT) who have pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs), this approach has not been studied prospectively and is not applied universally.
The Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society 6:249-255 (2009)
A wealth of recent studies points to the importance of airway epithelial cells in the orchestration of inflammatory responses in the allergic inflamed lung.
Clinical Microbiology and Infection Published Online: 21 Apr 2009
Legionella spp. are pathogens that can cause Legionnaires' disease in humans through inhalation of contaminated aerosols. The principal reservoir for these microorganisms is water, but Legionella
spp. have been isolated from composted vegetable and plant material, and from many potting mixes as well.
Emergency Medicine Australasia, Volume 21, Number 2, April 2009 , pp. 153-159(7)
Empyema post chest trauma is a morbid condition requiring operative intervention
(thoracotomy and decortication). It is hypothesized that patients who have a complicated initial pleural drainage procedure are at increased risk of developing an
empyema.
Journal of Asthma, Volume 46, Issue 3 April 2009 , pages 291 - 299
To determine whether high BMI-percentile is associated with misdiagnosis of asthma among children referred to an asthma specialist. Methods. We queried the electronic records of children 8 to 18 years of age seen by a Nemours pediatric
pulmonologist. All visits during a 6-year period with the chief complaint of asthma, or an asthma-like symptom such as wheeze, cough, or
dyspnea, were included. We collected spirometry, blood counts, and immunoglobulin E
(IgE) if available.
The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Volume 13, Number 5, May 2009 , pp. 569-573(5)
Although many compounds have been described to inhibit the replication of drug-susceptible and drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, most of these studies only evaluate their in vitro activity.
Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine April 2009, Vol. 3, No. 2, Pages 177-186
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and the metabolic syndrome have a strong association with each other owing to their common feature of obesity, but an association independent of obesity has been demonstrated in several studies.
Journal of Asthma, Volume 46, Issue 3 April 2009 , pages 270 - 275
To evaluate the impact of peak flow or symptom-based self-management plans on asthma control and patients' quality of life and to determine the main psychosocial factors that affect compliance with these plans.
Journal of Asthma, Volume 46, Issue 3 April 2009 , pages 238 - 243
Clinical manifestations suggest that air pollution may induce deterioration of respiratory health. Some air pollutants, including sulfite, may play a role in the exacerbation of asthma. Sulfites are formed at bronchial mucosa from inhaled sulfur dioxide. It has been previously reported that sodium sulfite (Na2SO3) has pro-inflammatory properties and enhances neutrophil adhesion to A549 cells.
Infliximab appears to be efficacious for the treatment of recalcitrant forms of
sarcoidosis. However, there are minimal data concerning the course of sarcoidosis once infliximab is discontinued.
Postgraduate Medical Journal 2009;85:141-147; doi:10.1136/pgmj.2008.072439
Frequent exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are associated with impaired quality of life, and hospital admissions for exacerbations account for a large proportion of the expenditure of
COPD.
Cigarette smoking is the major risk factor for COPD, a syndrome characterized by pulmonary neutrophil infiltration, chronic inflammation and progressive tissue destruction.
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is characterized by a fibrotic thrombus persisting and obliterating the lumen of pulmonary arteries; its pathogenesis remains poorly defined.
Acute lung injury involving extremely immature lungs often heals without excessive fibrosis unlike later in gestation and in adults. Several factors may be involved but fibroblast contraction of collagen has been linked to the level of wound fibrosis.
Arterial O2 levels are thought to modulate vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and vascular remodeling, but the mechanisms involved are poorly understood.
Carcinoembryonic cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) is a glycosylated, GPI-anchored protein expressed in epithelial cells of various human tissues. It binds gram-negative bacteria and is over-expressed in cancers where it is anti-apoptotic and promotes metastases.
The study determined whether the first procedure; simple drainage (tube
thoracostomy, pigtail catheter) or operation (video-assisted thoracic surgery [VATS],
thoracotomy) was related to outcomes in the management of
empyema.
Simulation has long been appreciated and used in professional industry training. The effectiveness of high-fidelity, low-cost simulators in such settings has led to its integration into surgical education for skill development. Simulation may possibly have a role in surgical specialty training.
Journal of Clinical Microbiology, April 2009, p. 1012-1020, Vol. 47, No. 4
Temporal trends of serotypes from invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in Spain from 1979 to September 2007 under antibiotic and vaccine pressure were analyzed.
The Smart Bag MO(R) is an adult flow-limited bag-valve device designed to reduce the risk of stomach inflation in an unprotected airway. Its properties in severe airway obstruction are as yet unknown.
Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) might improve peripheral muscle function and exercise capacity in severely disabled patients. This study evaluated the physiological impact of NIV on isokinetic concentric strength and endurance of lower limb muscles in patients with severe
COPD.
A 54-year-old male presented with haemoptysis. Bronchial arteriography revealed a bent, meandering and dilated bronchial artery with vascular hyperplasia in multiple locations.
The cellular mechanisms by which loss-of-function mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator
(CFTR) chloride channel produce cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease remain uncertain.
The relationship between lower airway markers of inflammation and infection with physiologic findings is poorly understood in young children with cystic fibrosis (CF).
Chest Published online before print April 2009, doi: 10.1378/chest.09-0153
Intracardiac or intrapulmonary migration of inferior vena cava filters is an uncommon although potentially life threatening event that is poorly understood.
Chest Published online before print April 2009, doi: 10.1378/chest.08-2427
The study documented the emergence of new forms of resistant bacilli (totally drug resistant
(TDR) or Super XDR TB strains) among multi drug resistant tuberculosis
(MDR TB) patients.
Chest Published online before print April 2009, doi: 10.1378/chest.09-0383
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is postulated to have a role in ARDS. The functional VEGF + 936 polymorphic T allele is associated with an increased susceptibility to and severity of
ARDS.
Clinical Research in Cardiology 1861-0684 (Print) 10.1007/s00392-009-0017-1
Elevated cardiac troponin T (cTnT) has been described in the setting of acute pulmonary embolism (PE) earlier, though currently it has no implication on the therapy in this setting.
The purpose of this article is to review pulmonary venous embryology and to present the imaging findings of a variety of pulmonary venous developmental anomalies, including total anomalous pulmonary venous connection, partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection, pulmonary vein stenosis and
hypoplasia/atresia, and cor triatriatum.
The purpose of our study was to determine the prevalence and anatomic distribution of pulmonary embolism (PE) in a group of consecutive pediatric patients with clinically suspected PE using MDCT pulmonary angiography (pulmonary
CTA).
Allergy, Volume 64, Number 5, May 2009 , pp. 746-753(8)
Serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) level is recognized to be under strong genetic control, but the causal and susceptibility genes remain to be identified. We sought to investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms
(SNPs) in the Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway and total serum IgE level.
In patients with chronic respiratory disease, Pneumocystis jirovecii (P.
jirovecii) colonization is observed, and may influence disease progression and systemic inflammation.
Emerging Infectious Diseases Volume 15, Number 5-May 2009
Rhinoviruses and enteroviruses are leading causes of respiratory infections. To evaluate genotypic diversity and identify forces shaping picornavirus evolution, we screened persons with respiratory illnesses by using rhinovirus-specific or generic real-time PCR assays.
Emerging Infectious Diseases Volume 15, Number 5-May 2009
To validate the utility of a chief complaint–based emergency department surveillance system, we compared it with respiratory diagnostic data and calls to Telehealth Ontario about respiratory disease. This local syndromic surveillance system accurately monitored status of respiratory diseases in the community and contributed to early detection of respiratory disease outbreaks.
International Journal of Cardiology Volume 134, Issue 1, Pages e42-e43 (1 May 2009)
A 57-year-old woman with acute left leg ischemia due to popliteal artery occlusion and deep T-wave inversion at ECG revealed she had suffered, the day before, from typical chest pain after a confrontational argument; yet, she had not sought medical assistance.
The Blake drain (BD) has recently begun to be used as a chest tube after pulmonary resection; however, its fluid drainage and air evacuation characteristics remain unclear. We compared the performance of the 19F BD with that of the 32F conventional drain (CD).
The purpose of this study was to analyze our institutional results with pulmonary resection in neutropenic patients with hematologic malignancies and suspected invasive pulmonary fungal infections.
Although the number of patients requiring hospitalization due to asthma attacks has decreased over the years, there are many who still require hospitalization for tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation following a severe asthma attack.
Exercise is a common trigger in children with persistent asthma and inhaled corticosteroids have been shown to effectively treat clinical manifestations of persistent asthma, including protection from decrements in lung function caused by exercise.
Chest Published online before print April 2009, doi: 10.1378/chest.08-1378
Smoking and obesity are leading global causes of death. The aim of the present study was to develop a test to detect early lung abnormalities caused by smoking and/or obesity and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and major contributory factors.
Chest Published online before print April 2009, doi: 10.1378/chest.08-2389
Prolonged air leaks are a significant source of frustration for patients and physicians. When conventional therapy fails, an alternative to prolonged chest tube drainage or operation is needed.
The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Volume 13, Number 5, May 2009 , pp. 620-625(6)
Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a major global health problem. Extra-pulmonary TB
(EPTB) manifests with protean symptoms, and establishing a diagnosis is more difficult than pulmonary TB
(PTB).
COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Volume 6, Issue 2 April 2009 , pages 95 - 103
To determine if a delay in presentation to the emergency department (ED) after the onset of symptoms of an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(AECOPD) increases the risk of hospital admission.
Journal of the American Geriatrics Society Published Online: 21 Apr 2009
One thousand one hundred seventy-three immunocompetent seniors with CAP and 2,346 age- and sex-matched controls, sampled during influenza seasons and pre-influenza periods of 2000/01 and 2002/03.
The objective of this study was to assess exercise performance in subjects born in Sweden between 1980 and 1995 and undergoing surgery for pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum and to identify determinants of exercise performance.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is an important causative agent of respiratory infection in childhood. Although the infection caused by M. pneumoniae is classically described as benign, severe and life-threatening pulmonary and extrapulmonary complications can occur.
We present an unusual case of total anomalous systemic venous drainage in which the right superior vena cava, persistent left superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus were present and unusually connected to the left atrium.
We report a 1-year-old child born with agenesis of the right lung who sustained an episode of acute respiratory failure related to a
postpneumonectomy-like syndrome, with severe mediastinal shift and subsequent stretching and stenosis of the left main bronchus.
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is caused by platelet-activating antiplatelet factor 4/heparin antibodies. However, clinical HIT (thrombocytopenia or thrombosis, or both) develops in only a minority of patients who form antibodies.
The procedures and results for extrapleural pneumonectomy through a lower door open thoracotomy with reconstruction of the diaphragm and the pericardium using a reversed latissimus dorsi muscle flap and a fascia lata graft, respectively, for the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma are reported.
We present a young girl with a diffuse, macrocystic lymphatic malformation with associated venous dilation involving the left lower pulmonary lobe and
mediastinum.
Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions Published Online: 8 Jan 2009
Embolization of athero-thrombotic material during primary percutaneous coronary intervention is a common cause of periprocedural complication. Methods developed to reduce embolization include thrombus aspiration, and distal protection.
Journal of Bronchology & Interventional Pulmonology: January 2009 - Volume 16 - Issue 1 - pp 39-40
We report a case of a minimally fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose avid bronchial mucoepidermoid tumor in a young male heavy smoker who presented with hemoptysis and a normal chest x-ray.
Journal of Bronchology: April 2009 - Volume 16 - Issue 2 - pp 102-104
Coexistence of pulmonary actinomycosis with tuberculosis has rarely been reported. The presence of Actinomyces in sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage is inadequate for diagnosis, as it may represent mere colonization.
We have previously reported that in ovine fetal pulmonary venous smooth muscle cells
(FPVSMC), decreased expression of cGMP-dependent protein kinase
(PKG) by hypoxia could explain hypoxia-induced SMC phenotype modulation.
It has been well-established that acute lung injury (ALI), and the more severe presentation of acute respiratory distress syndrome
(ARDS), constitute complex traits characterized by a multigenic and multifactorial etiology.
Previously, we reported that expression of lipocalin-prostaglandin D synthase
(L-PGDS) is inducible in macrophages and protects from Pseudomonas pneumonia. Here, we investigated the mechanism, by which
L-PGDS gene expression is induced in macrophages.
Tiotropium is the only long-acting inhaled anticholinergic bronchodilator currently available in China, but information about its clinical effect in this population is limited. This meta-analysis assessed the efficacy and safety of tiotropium in Chinese patients with stable
COPD.
Journal of Bronchology: April 2009 - Volume 16 - Issue 2 - pp 78-80
In this study a novel therapeutic bronchoscopic technique, balloon bronchoplasty with resector balloon, was used in 128 procedures for 112 consecutive patients with airway obstruction from lung cancer or granulation tissue.
Journal of Asthma, Volume 46, Issue 3 April 2009 , pages 244 - 251
The development of asthma and allergy appears to be the result of gene-environment interaction. Potential environmental risk factors such as outdoor and indoor air pollution, infections, allergen exposure, diet, and lifestyle patterns may trigger respiratory symptoms and compromise lung function in children.
Journal of Asthma, Volume 46, Issue 3 April 2009 , pages 265 - 269
Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae), an atypical pathogen, is increasingly recognized as a common and important pathogen. Previous studies showed that M. pneumoniae infection may play a role in asthmatic mechanisms based on evidence collected from peripheral blood or sputum of patients or animal models.
Respiratory Research 2009, 10:29doi:10.1186/1465-9921-10-29
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a treatable and preventable disease state, characterised by progressive airflow limitation that is not fully reversible.
Sleep Medicine Volume 10, Issue 3, Pages 385-388 (March 2009)
Commercial passenger flights have been increasing around the world. The effect of these flights on health is unclear. Venous thromboembolism has been noted after recent long-distance airplane flight, even in the absence of other risk factors.
Sleep Medicine Volume 10, Issue 3, Pages 368-373 (March 2009)
OSA severity has been associated with self-reported lack of exercise. Most of the research has been done with men recruited from sleep clinics. There is limited data on the exercise performance of women with
OSA.
Sleep Medicine Volume 10, Issue 3, Pages 361-367 (March 2009)
To test the hypothesis that blood hyperviscosity could account for the controversial results observed during electrophysiological evaluation of the brain stem in sleep apnea syndrome.
Sleep Medicine Volume 10, Issue 3, Pages 344-352 (March 2009)
Sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) is an emerging disease with high prevalence. There is controversy as to whether cardiac abnormalities are due to the disease itself or to the arterial hypertension frequently associated with this disease.
Sleep Medicine Volume 10, Issue 3, Pages 337-343 (March 2009)
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
(OSAS) requires pressure titration usually performed during attended in-hospital
polysomnography. This manual titration procedure is not well standardized.
Sleep Medicine Volume 10, Issue 3, Pages 329-336 (March 2009)
Mandibular advancement appliances (MAA) are a recognized alternative treatment to continuous positive airway pressure
(CPAP) for mild-moderate obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
(OSAS). The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of and subject satisfaction with two MAA in the management of
OSAS.
Sleep Medicine Volume 10, Issue 3, Pages 312-316 (March 2009)
The purpose of this study was to detect the eventual presence of a minor voluntary motor involvement in restless legs syndrome
(RLS), not detectable clinically, which might be observed by means of a sophisticated instrumental analysis of movement, such as gait analysis.
Sleep Medicine Volume 10, Issue 3, Pages 295-305 (March 2009)
Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) has a substantial impact on normal daily activities. Because of the high prevalence it is necessary to evaluate the impact on the health-related quality of life
(HRQoL).
Resuscitation with hypertonic saline (HTS) attenuates acute lung injury (ALI) and modulates postinjury
hyperinflammation. TNF-[alpha]-stimulated pulmonary epithelium is a major contributor to hemorrhage-induced ALI.
Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders ahead of print. doi:10.1089/met.2008.0093
The combination of metabolic syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been termed "syndrome Z." The prevalence of both OSA and metabolic syndrome is increasing worldwide, in part linked to the epidemic of obesity.
Allergy, Volume 64, Number 5, May 2009 , pp. 762-769(8)
Nasal polyposis is a disease known to be associated with asthma. The management is anti-inflammatory, with topical and oral corticosteroids as the first-line treatment. The effect of surgical treatment on lower airway inflammation has not been sufficiently studied.
European Spine Journal 0940-6719 (Print) 10.1007/s00586-009-0975-z
Since sleep apnea is a risk factor for high mortality of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, this study examined the prevalence in RA patients with occipitocervical lesions, and the associated radiographic features. Twenty-nine RA patients requiring surgery for progressive myelopathy due to occipitocervical lesions (3 males, 26 females, average age 65 years) were preoperatively evaluated.
Allergy, Volume 64, Number 5, May 2009 , pp. 784-789(6)
Poor asthma control is associated to high morbidity. The objective of this study was to assess the association between adherence rates to beclomethasone dipropionate
(BDP) and the degree of asthma control.
Phytotherapy Research Published Online: 15 Apr 2009
According to our previous study, Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) suppresses IL-1{beta}-induced MUC5AC gene expression in NCI-H292 cells via the ERK and p38 MAPK pathways.
PEDIATRICS Vol. 123 No. 4 April 2009, pp. e679-e684
The objectives of this study were to determine the impact of different volume-targeted levels on the work of breathing and to investigate whether a level that reduced the work of breathing below that experienced during ventilatory support without volume targeting could be determined.
Ciliated Bronchial Epithelium (CBE) 1 is a novel gene, expressed in ciliated cells. As cilia are important during embryogenesis, we have characterized the murine homologue of CBE1 (Cbe1) and compared its temporal expression during murine and human lung development.
Nosocomial pneumonia (NP) is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Data have shown that inadequate initial antibiotic therapy is a major risk for infection-attributed mortality.
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an angiogenic factor implicated in asthma severity. The objective of this study was to determine whether VEGF single nucleotide polymorphisms
(SNPs) are associated with asthma, lung function, and airways responsiveness.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common co-morbid disease in lung cancer, estimated to affect between 40-70% depending on diagnostic criteria.
Farmers and smokers are repeatedly exposed to airborne organic material. We hypothesised that farmers and smokers show altered airway responses to inhaled organic, pro-inflammatory agents.
Upper airway obstruction can elicit neuromuscular responses that mitigate and/or compensate for the obstruction. We hypothesize that flow-limited breathing elicits specific timing responses that can preserve ventilation due to increases in inspiratory duty cycle rather than respiratory rate.
Endurance athletes show an increased prevalence of airway hyperresponsiveness. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term effects of training on airway responsiveness, inflammation and epithelial damage in swimmers and cold-air athletes.
Compelling evidence indicates that microvessel density (MVD) is a prognostic marker in early non-small cell lung cancer
(NSCLC). However, its role in lymph node metastases (LN) in stage III NSCLC receiving multimodality treatment is unknown.
Exogenous opioid drugs, such as morphine, relieve breathlessness. Our hypothesis is that endogenous
opioids, released during the stress of exercise, modify dyspnoea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
We investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of salmeterol/fluticasone (SFP),
tiotropium/fluticasone (Tio+FP) and tiotropium (Tio) alone on the inflammatory cells and mediators in sputum induced from COPD patients.
Individuals with {alpha}1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency and cystic fibrosis (CF) have a
protease-antiprotease imbalance in their lungs, which leads to early onset progressive lung disease. Inhalation of AAT may restore protective levels in the lungs.
All patients exhibited a PC20 methacholine <8 mg·ml-1 and a PC20 adenosine <60 mg·ml-1. Primary outcome was 24-h serum cortisol suppression after seven days. Secondary outcomes were changes in PC20 methacholine and adenosine after 9 days.
Montelukast and desloratadine synergistically inhibit the allergen-induced early asthmatic response. Montelukast suppresses the allergen-induced late asthmatic response but there are no reports on the effect of desloratadine or the combination on the allergen-induced late asthmatic response.
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treats obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) effectively in the majority of people. Despite its efficacy in ameliorating symptoms resulting from
OSA, CPAP usage has been reported as 65-80%.
A 54-year-old woman presented with a 4-year history of idiopathic subglottic
stenosis. She had experienced mild dyspnea which worsened with exercise and upper respiratory infections.
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is an overlooked cardiovascular morbidity in patients undergoing
haemodialysis. Inflammation has been demonstrated to play a significant role with certain types of PH in
non-uraemic patients, but studies analysing the mechanisms in dialyzed patients with PH are rare.
Journal of Asthma, Volume 46, Issue 3 April 2009 , pages 225 - 228
Monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) plays an important role in various immune and allergic disorders since it is a potent chemo-attractant for inflammatory cells, such as
eosinophils, memory T cells, and monocytes. Objective. To investigate serum MCP-1 during asymptomatic state and acute attacks of bronchial asthma.
Systemic arterialization of normal lung without sequestration is a rare congenital abnormality. The basal segments of the left lower lobe are most frequently involved.
Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 2009, doi:10.1165/rcmb.2008-0449OC
The molecular basis of airway remodeling and loss of epithelial integrity in asthma is still undefined. We aimed to establish if exposure of human bronchial epithelium (16HBE cells) to asthma-related stimuli can induce
epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a key process in tissue repair and remodeling associated with loss of intercellular contacts.
Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, doi:10.1093/tropej/fmn115
The central nervous system's involvement is the most common reported extra-pulmonary manifestations of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, and stroke was one of the most special situations.
The purpose of our study was to investigate whether D-dimer screening is being used effectively to determine the need for MDCT in diagnosing acute pulmonary embolism (PE) in emergency department patients.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the detection rates of pulmonary nodules on CT as a function of slab thickness using sliding thin-slab maximum intensity projection (MIP) and volume rendering
(VR).
Arch Dis Child. Published Online First: 8 April 2009. doi:10.1136/adc.2007.133082
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) has been linked to mutations in genes encoding two members of the transforming growth factor-{beta} family, BMPR2 and ALK1, the latter of which is also associated with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
(HHT).
Airways disease is currently classified using diagnostic labels such as asthma, chronic bronchitis and emphysema. The current definitions of these classifications may not reflect the phenotypes of airways disease in the community which may have differing disease processes, clinical features or responses to treatment.
The Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) initiative provides standardized estimates of the burden of COPD worldwide. We estimate the current and future economic burden of COPD in Reykjavik, Iceland and Bergen, Norway using data from the BOLD initiative.
The aim of this study was to investigate the current Australian/New Zealand airline policy on supplemental in-flight oxygen for passengers with lung disease.
Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed.. Published Online First: 8 April 2009. doi:10.1136/adc.2008.155945
To assess (i) Peak Inspiratory Pressure (PIP), Positive End Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) and maximum pressure relief
(Pmax) at different rates of gas flow, when the Neopuff had been set to function at 5L/min. (ii) To assess maximum PIP and PEEP at a flow rate of 10L/min with a simulated air leak of 50%.
To investigate hemodynamic and respiratory changes during lung recruitment and decremental positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) titration for open lung ventilation in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome
(ARDS) a prospective, clinical trial was performed involving twelve adult patients with ARDS treated in the surgical intensive care unit in a university hospital.
Ebastine is a well-known selective, second-generation histamine H1-receptor antagonist, which is used for seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis and chronic
urticaria.
A cluster of patients with respiratory cultures positive for Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a unique antibiogram was observed during June and July 2007 at a 1,000-bed urban teaching hospital in Atlanta, Georgia.
Journal of Asthma, Volume 46, Issue 3 April 2009 , pages 300 - 307
Airway remodeling can be assessed using high-resolution computerized tomography
(HRCT) scanning of both parenchymal-and airway abnormalities in patients with asthma. The aim of this study was to examine structural changes in large and small airways of asthmatic patients using HRCT to determine if remodeling changes had occurred after prolonged use of conventional anti-asthma therapy.
Journal of Asthma, Volume 46, Issue 3 April 2009 , pages 234 - 237
To examine risk factors associated with healthcare utilization in Arizona Medicaid patients with asthma. Methods: Data were obtained from Arizona Medicaid between 1/1/2002 and 12/31/2003. Inclusion criteria consisted of persons with an asthma diagnosis (ICD9-CM 493.XX), 5 to 62 years of age; and were new users of inhaled-corticosteroids (ICS), combination
ICS+long-acting beta-agonist, or leukotriene-modifiers.
Journal of Bronchology & Interventional Pulmonology: January 2009 - Volume 16 - Issue 1 - pp 25-27
Several studies have demonstrated the diagnostic yield of medical thoracoscopy
(pleuroscopy) in making the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion
(MPE).
The yield and safety of US-assisted transthoracic fine needle aspirations
(TTFNA) and cutting needle biopsies (CNB) in the setting of superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome are unknown.
Transplant Infectious Disease Published Online: 15 Apr 2009
Legionella feeleii is a rare cause of community-acquired pneumonia that occurs in immunocompromised hosts who are often receiving corticosteroid therapy.
Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed.. Published Online First: 25 March 2009.doi:10.1136/adc.2008.150938
In a previous randomized trial, volume controlled ventilation (VCV) was noted to be efficacious in ventilating very preterm and extremely low birth babies.
Clinical Microbiology and Infection Published Online: 15 Apr 2009
Time to positivity (TTP) of blood cultures in patients with bacteraemia is considered to be a predictor of outcome for some bacterial species. Two hundred and thirty-one patients with Klebsiella pneumoniae monomicrobial bacteraemia at a hospital from 1 January to 31 December 2007 were prospectively enrolled.
There is little literature about the mortality associated with bronchiectasis. The aim of this study was to investigate factors affecting mortality in patients with
bronchiectasis.
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2009, doi:10.1164/rccm.200901-0046OC
The proportion of low and very low birthweight births is increasing. Infants and children with a history of low and very low birthweight have an increased risk of respiratory illnesses but it is unknown if clinically significant disease persists into adulthood.
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Published ahead of print on April 2, 2009, doi:10.1164/rccm.200811-1704OC
The optimal strategy for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection is controversial. Adoption of a two-step strategy (tuberculin skin test
(TST) followed by IGRA over an interferon-{gamma}-release-assay
(IGRA) alone, may be limited by TST-mediated boosting of subsequent IGRA responses. Assessment of within-subject IGRA variability will aid in establishing thresholds for conversions and reversions, and interpretation of serial testing results.
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2009, doi:10.1164/rccm.200901-0069OC
The promise of newborn screening (NBS) for cystic fibrosis (CF) has not been fully
realised, with improvement in respiratory outcomes unclear. We hypothesised that significant lung disease was present at diagnosis.
The AVM Survivors Network is a social networking site dedicated to individuals who have Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM) and utilizes the social networking concept to provide support and resources for a community of AVM survivors on the web. It utilizes many of the same tools and features that you'll find on MySpace or
Facebook.
Journal of Bronchology: April 2009 - Volume 16 - Issue 2 - pp 141-144
Interest in assessment of collateral flow measurement has resurfaced with the advent of endoscopic lung volume reduction studies, namely valve technologies
(eg Emphasys EBV), that achieve volume reduction through lobar isolation.
Journal of Bronchology: April 2009 - Volume 16 - Issue 2 - pp 135-137
A 39-year-old African American man presented with massive hemoptysis. He was known to have a history of type III sarcoidosis and a chest x-ray consistent with
aspergilloma.
Journal of Bronchology: April 2009 - Volume 16 - Issue 2 - pp 127-129
Pulmonary to gastric fistulae are extremely rare. They can occur secondary to infection or malignancy invading through the lung into the pleural space, through the diaphragm and into the stomach.
Journal of Bronchology: April 2009 - Volume 16 - Issue 2 - pp 124-126
Two cases of subcutaneous emphysema owing to foreign body aspiration are described. In case 1, a 2½-year-old boy presented with complaints of respiratory distress, cough, and swelling over neck.
Talc insufflation is usually performed by thoracic surgeons in the operating room through video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) or by pulmonologists in a specially equipped suite (medical
thoracoscopy).
Journal of Bronchology: April 2009 - Volume 16 - Issue 2 - pp 87-90
Pleural-based intrathoracic lesions pose a diagnostic challenge. Image-guided percutaneous biopsy with fluoroscopy, computed tomography (CT) scan, and ultrasound (US) have been used to establish a diagnosis.
Journal of Bronchology: April 2009 - Volume 16 - Issue 2 - pp 81-86
To evaluate the spirometric alterations after bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and bronchoscopic lung biopsy in patients with diffuse lung disease
(DLD).
Journal of Bronchology: April 2009 - Volume 16 - Issue 2 - pp 78-80
In this study a novel therapeutic bronchoscopic technique, balloon bronchoplasty with resector balloon, was used in 128 procedures for 112 consecutive patients with airway obstruction from lung cancer or granulation tissue.
Journal of Bronchology & Interventional Pulmonology: January 2009 - Volume 16 - Issue 1 - pp 55-58
A 77-year-old male smoker presented with fever, cough, and night sweat of 4 weeks' duration. Imaging of the chest revealed a left lung consolidation and a right cavitary lesion.
Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 2009, doi:10.1165/rcmb.2008-0455OC
Exposure to diesel exhaust particle has been associated with adverse health outcomes, such as inflammation, adjuvancy and mutagenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms by which DEP inhalation exerts these effects are still largely unknown.
To analyze the effect of adding a thoracoscopic release and fusion performed in the prone position with double lung ventilation to a posterior spinal fusion and instrumentation
(PSFI) for severe idiopathic scoliosis.
Journal of Pediatric Psychology, doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsn144
Study examined content of personal goals, health-related hindrance (HRH; i.e., impact of health on goals), and relationship of HRH to health status and psychological well-being in young adults with cystic fibrosis (CF; n = 48), who survived childhood cancer (n = 57), and without history of chronic illness (n = 105).
Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from 3 patients admitted to The Ottawa Hospital, a 1040 bed teaching hospital, were found to contain the plasmid encoded carbapenemase gene blaKPC.There was evidence of person to person transmission for 2 patients. Screening of 186 clinical isolates revealed no additional blaKPC encoding isolates.
BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2009, 9:12doi:10.1186/1471-2466-9-12
Nonattendance for scheduled appointments disturbs the effective management of pediatric pulmonary clinics. We hypothesized that the reasons for non-attendance and the necessary solutions might be different in pediatric pulmonary medicine than in other pediatric fields.
Pediatric Pulmonology Published Online: 9 Apr 2009
Adenovirus (Ad) respiratory infections have a profound impact in Argentina. Severe chronic disease and a high mortality rate are observed in children after acute lower respiratory infections
(ALRI) by Ad.
Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials 2009, 8:11doi:10.1186/1476-0711-8-11
We report on a rare case of pulmonary Nocardiosis and brain abscess caused by Nocardia otitidiscaviarum in an elderly woman with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Bronchoscopic lung-volume reduction for hyperinflated air-trapping disease is currently being investigated. A 41-year-old woman with pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis presented with exertional
dyspnea.
Systemic inflammation may mediate the association between COPD and extra-pulmonary
comorbidities. We measured high-sensitivity C-reactive protein
(hs-CRP) in COPD and quantified the effect modification by body weight change and gender.
Pediatric Pulmonology Published Online: 9 Apr 2009
The prevalence of obesity and asthma has increased in recent decades. We investigated the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and lung function, and also tried to determine if asthma prevalence differs between obese and non-obese children.
Sleep and Breathing 1520-9512 (Print) 10.1007/s11325-009-0254-6
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is associated with obesity and insulin resistance. Visfatin is an insulin-mimicking
adipokine, which is considered a link between obesity and insulin resistance.
Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 2009, doi:10.1165/rcmb.2008-0482OC
The chemokine Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is critically important in inflammatory processes in human tissues, and IL-8 interactions with sulfated glycosaminoglycans have been implicated in modification of inflammatory responses in bronchial epithelium.
Journal of Medical Systems 0148-5598 (Print) 10.1007/s10916-008-9235-8
Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs) are very important in the medical evaluation of patients suffering from 'shortness of breath', and they are effectively used for the diagnosis of pulmonary diseases, such as COPD (i.e. chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases).
Current Opinion in Pediatrics: April 2009 - Volume 21 - Issue 2 - p 235-242
Current levels of air pollution are consistently associated with asthma development and morbidity among children, suggesting that current regulatory policies may be insufficient.
BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2009, 9:14doi:10.1186/1471-2466-9-14
Drawing from previous studies, the traditional routine diagnostic microbiology evaluation of samples from chronic respiratory conditions may provide an incomplete picture of the bacteria present in airways disease.
We examined potential associations of "ever" asthma, and symptoms of wheeze (past 12 months), hay fever, eczema and bronchitis (cough with phlegm) among school children exposed to second-hand-smoke
(SHS) in cars, using a modified Irish International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) protocol.
Pediatric Pulmonology Published Online: 9 Apr 2009
Spirometry is the most important tool in diagnosing pulmonary disease and is the most frequently performed pulmonary function test. Since respiratory disease is the single greatest cause for morbidity and mortality on the Navajo Nation, the purpose of this study was to create new age and race-specific pulmonary nomograms for Navajo children.
Pediatric Pulmonology Published Online: 9 Apr 2009
The purpose of this preliminary study was to determine normal oropharyngeal flora in healthy, non-CF infants in order to help care givers better interpret culture results obtained from infants with CF.
Decisions about the intensity of treatment for patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(AECOPD) are influenced by predictions about survival and quality of life.
Canadian Journal of Cardiology April 2009, Volume 25 Issue 4: 233-236
Staphylococcus aureus is a relatively common pathogen causing pneumonia in the community, hospital ward and intensive care unit. Although pneumonia is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality, especially in elderly and immunocompromised patients, it is usually uncomplicated and resolves without complications.
Canadian Journal of Cardiology April 2009, Volume 25 Issue 4: 223-225
Increased levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT pro- BNP) in infectious settings may not reflect myocardial depression. In addition to NT
pro-BNP measurement, clinical assessment remains a valuable tool for diagnosis and prognosis of heart failure.
Right ventricular (RV) systolic time intervals (STIs) have been shown to accurately reflect RV function in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome
(ARDS). The measurement of RVSTIs requires phonocardiography to define the time of RV end systole.
Chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) is a frequent co-morbidity in patients hospitalised with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). In recent retrospective studies, higher mortality in patients with CAP and COPD was found.
Air travel guidelines recommend using baseline arterial oxygen levels and the hypoxic challenge test
(HCT) to predict in-flight hypoxaemia and the requirement for in-flight oxygen in patients with lung disease.
Treatment outcome in multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant
(XDR) tuberculosis (TB) is often unsuccessful, but particular determinants of poor treatment outcome have remained obscure.
The Clinical Respiratory Journal Published Online: 14 Apr 2009
The Finnish National Agency of Medicines and the Institutional Ethics Committee approved this study. All subjects provided their informed written consent prior to their inclusion in the study.
We compared the efficacy of 1-yr sibutramine-induced weight loss vs. continuous positive airway pressure
(CPAP) treatment on sleep disordered breathing, cardiac autonomic function and systemic blood pressure in obese patients with obstructive sleep apneoa
(OSA).
The forced oscillation technique (FOT) is a promising method for providing a detailed analysis of respiratory mechanics during spontaneous breathing. There is limited data about the use of FOT in patients with
sarcoidosis.
'Consumer-directed personal assistance' has been a central tenet of the North American Independent Living Movement since its inception. There is, however, surprisingly little research that explores how consumer-directed assistance gets played out in practice.
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