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To evaluate the pattern of antibiotic prescriptions for paediatric upper respiratory tract infections
(URTI) and determine the associated predictors for such antibiotic use in the Kingdom of Bahrain.
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is associated with pulmonary hypoplasia and pulmonary hypertension. The objective of this study was to assess pulmonary function and exercise capacity and its early determinants in children and adolescents born with high-risk CDH
(CDH associated respiratory distress within the first 24 hours) and to explore the relation of these findings with CDH severity.
Empirically determined NIV settings may not achieve optimal ventilatory support. Some ventilators include monitoring modules to assess ventilatory quality. We conducted a bench-to-bedside study to assess that of the
VPAPIII-ResLinkTM.
Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, Volume 102, Number 4, April 2009 , pp. 308-313(6)
{beta}2-Adrenergic receptor polymorphisms occurring at amino acid positions 16
(arginine/glycine) and 27 (glutamine/glutamic acid) are known to be functionally relevant. Associations with several asthma-related phenotypes, such as total serum
IgE, have been investigated with different results.
American Journal of Epidemiology, doi:10.1093/aje/kwp054
Epidemiologic evidence linking birth weight and asthma is inconsistent. The authors examined the association between birth weight and asthma during childhood and adult life in twins.
The mechanisms involved in hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) are not yet fully defined. The aim of the study was to determine the role of protein kinase C {zeta}
(PKC{zeta}) and neutral sphingomyelinase (nSMase) in HPV.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Received 22 October 2008; received in revised form 31 December 2008; accepted 1 February 2009. published online 09 April 2009
Patients with severely reduced left ventricular function undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting have increased complication rates.
Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 2009, doi:10.1165/rcmb.2008-0157OC
Leukocyte elastase induces apoptosis of lung epithelial cells via alterations in mitochondrial permeability but the signaling pathways regulating this response remain uncertain.
International Journal of Cardiology Volume 133, Issue 3, Pages e99-e100 (17 April 2009)
We report an echocardiographic pitfall, where a hypoecogenic area mimicking a pleural effusion was detected by CMR as an area of normal pulmonary parenchyma between the posterior left atrial wall and the dilated right pulmonary vein.
International Journal of Cardiology Volume 133, Issue 3, Pages e85-e89 (17 April 2009)
P-wave dispersion (Pd) has been reported to be associated with inhomogeneous and discontinuous propagation of sinus impulses. The purpose of this study was to investigate Pd in patients with obstructive sleep apnea
(OSA) and to determine its relationship with severity of the disease.
Chest Published online before print February 2009, doi: 10.1378/chest.08-2233
The antisynthetase syndrome consists of interstitial lung disease (ILD), arthritis,
myositis, fever, mechanic’s hands and Raynaud phenomenon in the presence of an antisynthetase autoantibody, most commonly anti-Jo-1.
Chest Published online before print December 2008, doi: 10.1378/chest.08-1266
Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) are associated with severe neurologic complications in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
(HHT).
To identify risk factors for early (< 3 days) intensive care unit (ICU) admission of patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and not requiring immediate ICU admission and to stratify the risk of ICU admission on days 1-3.
Chest Published online before print November 2008, doi: 10.1378/chest.08-2052
In May 2005, the lung allocation score (LAS) was introduced as a means of allocating donor lungs in order to decrease waitlist mortality and prioritize candidates based on medical urgency and post-transplant survival.
Pediatric Pulmonology Published Online: 9 Apr 2009
Acute mycoplasma pneumonia may be accompanied by wheeze in some children considered not to have asthma. The aim of the present study was to evaluate cytokine secretion in children with acute mycoplasma pneumonia and wheeze.
The performance of the PneumoslideTM test, for rapid identification of Streptococcus
pneumoniae, was evaluated when used directly on positive blood culture specimens.
We performed a retrospective analysis in a tertiary care children's hospital to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adenotonsillectomy for the treatment of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea
(OSA) in Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS).
Our aim was to determine the combined and independent effects of tobacco and marijuana smoking on respiratory symptoms and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) in the general population.
Elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) have been reported in patients with sleep-disordered breathing
(SDB) and may represent an inflammatory marker of cardiovascular risk.
Not everyone exposed to endotoxin develops respiratory symptoms, even at very high exposure levels. The aim was to investigate whether ex vivo LPS-induced cytokine release may be predictive of individual sensitivity to occupational endotoxin exposure.
We studied the distribution profiles and repeatability of key exercise performance parameters in the first large multicentre trials to include these measurements in
COPD.
Pediatric Pulmonology Published Online: 9 Apr 2009
Repeated intravenous antibiotic therapy (IVAT) against chronic pulmonary infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa is often necessary in cystic fibrosis patients (CF). The aim of this study was to monitor kinetics of degradation of pulmonary and nutritional status after IVAT in CF patients.
Journal of Thoracic Oncology. 4(4):552-554, April 2009
A 38-year-old woman with recurrent metastatic cervical adenocarcinoma developed innumerable bilateral solid and cavitating pulmonary metastatic nodules.
Journal of Thoracic Oncology. 4(4):545-551, April 2009
Preinvasive lesions are considered the precursors of squamous cell carcinoma of the bronchus. Treatment at the preinvasive stage, before the potential for metastasis, may improve survival from squamous cell carcinoma.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Received 8 May 2008; received in revised form 8 August 2008; accepted 22 February 2009. published online 13 April 2009
The aim of this study was to evaluate right and left ventricular functions in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension after living-donor lobar lung transplantation compared with those without hypertension.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Received 9 October 2008; received in revised form 10 January 2009; accepted 9 February 2009. published online 13 April 2009
The rate of venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing multimodality therapy for lung malignancy and the impact of preoperative venous thromboembolism on postoperative outcome have not been analyzed systematically.
Clinical use of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) holds great promise for regenerative medicine in intractable lung diseases such as lung fibrosis or acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Urban air pollution has been associated with morbidity but little information exists on how it affects diurnal variation of lung function in children with asthma.
Allergy, Volume 64, Number 5, May 2009 , pp. 733-737(5)
Allergic rhinitis is a common disease, in which some patients will deteriorate or develop asthma. It is important to characterize these patients, thereby offering the possibility for prevention. This study evaluated eosinophil parameters as potential indicators of deteriorating allergic airway disease.
Allergy, Volume 64, Number 5, May 2009 , pp. 754-761(8)
False-negative responses to specific inhalation challenge (SIC) with occupational agents may occur. We explored whether assessing changes in sputum cell counts would help improve the identification of bronchial reactivity to occupational agents during
SICs.
Journal of the American Geriatrics Society Published Online: 8 Apr 2009
Despite comprehensive guidelines established by the European Global Initiative for Asthma and the U.S. National Asthma Education and Prevention Program on the diagnosis and management of asthma, its mortality in older adults continues to rise.
Lymphoid follicles in the lung parenchyma are a characteristic feature of COPD. There are reports of altered CD4 T regulatory cell numbers in COPD lungs, but the location of these cells within COPD lung tissue specifically follicles has not been investigated.
Data on transgender differences in emphysema is limited to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We aimed to verify whether such differences exist also in smokers without airflow obstruction, weighting their influence on the relationship between emphysema and clinical features.
In acute lung injury, repair of the damaged alveolar-capillary barrier is an essential part of recovery. Endostatin is a 20 to 28 kDa proteolytic fragment of the basement membrane collagen XVIII which has been shown to inhibit angiogenesis via actions upon endothelial cells.
According to current guidelines, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is diagnosed when mean pulmonary arterial pressure
(PAPm) exceeds 25mmHg at rest or 30mmHg during exercise.
Airway stenting is nowadays an established method for the palliative and/or curative treatment of central airways obstruction. However, complications related to the use of airway stents have been reported.
The Gly80Ser polymorphism in phospholipase A2-IID (PLA2G2D, NCBI SNP reference: rs584367) is associated with a loss in body weight in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD).
Chest Published online before print April 2009, doi: 10.1378/chest.08-2448
To analyze and compare radiologic lung expansion after talc pleurodesis performed either by videothoracoscopy or chest tube and correlate it with clinical outcome.
Chest Published online before print March 2009, doi: 10.1378/chest.08-2201
The impact of sleep apnea on work disability, in terms of sickness absence and disability pension, is unclear. We sought to estimate the total number of lost work days caused by sleep apnea either due to medically certified sickness absences or disability pensions during five years prior to the year of sleep apnea diagnosis.
Chest Published online before print November 2008, doi: 10.1378/chest.08-224
The defect in chloride and sodium transport in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients is a consequence of CFTR loss of function and of an abnormal interaction between CFTR and
ENaC. A few patients were described with CF-like symptoms, a single CFTR mutation and an ENaC mutation.
Journal of Pediatric Psychology, doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsn135
This study was conducted to explore the relationships between illness perceptions, emotional representations, treatment beliefs and reported adherence in adolescents with cystic fibrosis (CF).
Transplant Infectious Disease Published Online: 8 Apr 2009
We report a case of Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection syndrome in a renal transplant recipient complicated by septic shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and Klebsiella pneumoniae
superinfection.
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol (April 3, 2009). doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00089.2009
We investigated the endogenous production of apelin and the cardiac and pulmonary effects of its chronic administration in monocrotaline
(MCT)-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH).
Rapid identification of mycobacteria from culture is of primary importance for administration of empiric antibiotic therapy and for public health measures. Yet, there are few commercially available assays that can easily and accurately identify mycobacterial cultures in a timely manner.
Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) are essential extracellular matrix molecules which regulate tissue flexibility, a parameter that is reduced in airways of patients with asthma and
COPD.
Primary Care Respiratory Journal Volume 18 Issue 1 March 2009
Lung function in 1686 adult patients was measured before, and 15 minutes after, salbutamol inhalation. Bronchodilator responsiveness
(BDR) was defined as a 12% improvement over baseline in either FEV1 or
FVC, along with an absolute volume increment of 200ml.
Primary Care Respiratory Journal Volume 18 Issue 1 March 2009
To investigate the burden of allergic rhinitis (AR) amongst primary care practitioners (PCPs), the impact of AR on
PCPs' professional lives, and the effect on their management of AR patients of
PCPs' personal experience of AR.
Primary Care Respiratory Journal Volume 18 Issue 1 March 2009
To evaluate whether the Asthma Control TestTM (ACT) score is predictive of Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guideline-defined classification levels of asthma control.
Primary Care Respiratory Journal Volume 18 Issue 1 March 2009
Pakistan has a population exceeding 160 million. Communicable diseases remain the most important health problem in Pakistan, with non-communicable diseases and injuries comprising a quarter of all deaths.
Primary Care Respiratory Journal Volume 18 Issue 1 March 2009
This paper describes the prevalence of respiratory symptoms, features of asthma, and characteristics associated with respiratory disease in 6-11 year old children in an historical cohort study.
Primary Care Respiratory Journal Volume 18 Issue 1 March 2009
To document the rate of diagnostic certainty, co-morbidity and use of medication in patients with presumed obstructive airway disease
(OAD) in a primary care setting.
To examine the effects of age on differences in the clinical course and functional outcome of mechanically ventilated
Guillain-Barr syndrome (GBS) patients.
Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care. 66(4):1164-1166, April 2009
The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of deep venous thrombosis
(DVT) in a prospective protocol of early spanning external fixation with the concurrent use of low-molecular weight heparin
(LMWH) in patients with high-energy lower extremity trauma.
Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care. 66(4):1091-1095, April 2009
Pulmonary contusions (PCs) are a common injury sustained in motor vehicle collisions. The crash and occupant characteristics of PC in motor vehicle collisions are currently unknown. Additionally, the clinical significance and the impact on mortality have not been determined.
Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care. 66(4):1052-1059, April 2009
Controversy persists regarding the optimal treatment regimen for Pseudomonas ventilator-associated pneumonia
(VAP). Combination antibiotic therapy is used to broaden the spectrum of activity of empiric treatment and provide synergistic bacteriocidal activity.
Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care. 66(4):967-973, April 2009
The traditional approach to stable blunt thoracic aortic injuries (TAI) is immediate repair, with delayed repair reserved for patients with major associated injuries. In recent years, there has been a trend toward delayed repair, even in low-risk patients.
Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care. 66(4) Supplement:S172-S177, April 2009
Aeromedical transport of critically ill casualties requires continued safe operation of medical equipment at altitude. We evaluated performance of two ventilators in an altitude chamber.
Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care. 66(4) Supplement:S164-S171, April 2009
Critical Care Air Transport Teams (CCATTs) are an integral component of modern casualty care, allowing early transport of critically ill and injured patients. Aeromedical evacuation of patients with significant pulmonary impairment is sometimes beyond the scope of CCATT because of limitations of the transport ventilator and potential for further respiratory deterioration in flight.
Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care. 66(4) Supplement:S145-S149, April 2009
The extremities remain the most common sites of wounding in conflict, are associated with a significant incidence of vascular trauma, and have a high complication rate (infection, secondary amputation, and graft thrombosis).
Respiratory Research 2009, 10:27doi:10.1186/1465-9921-10-27
The properties of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as a potent vascular permogen and mitogen have led to investigation of its potential role in lung injury.
To estimate: 1) rotavirus disease burden in New Zealand children aged under 5 years, and 2) health benefits, budget impact, and cost-effectiveness of incorporating a pentavalent rotavirus vaccine
(PRV) into the national immunization schedule.
Current Allergy and Asthma Reports Volume 9, Number 3 / May, 2009 247-253
Airway challenges are of value in the assessment of asthma. Direct challenges (histamine and
methacholine) are highly sensitive for clinically current symptomatic asthma and particularly useful to exclude current asthma when they are negative.
Critical Care Medicine. 37(4):1483-1485, April 2009
Local percutaneous tumor ablation with ethanol injection (PEI) under general anesthesia is an established therapy for patients with nonresectable hepatocellular carcinoma
(HCC).
Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine: Vol. 133, No. 4, pp. 643-647
Follicular dendritic cell tumor (FDCT) is an uncommon neoplasm that typically presents as a slow-growing, painless mass without systemic symptoms.
Histologically, FDCT is characterized as a proliferation of spindle to ovoid cells having plump eosinophilic cytoplasm with indistinct borders and nuclei with vesicular or granular chromatin and small distinct nucleoli.
Critical Care Medicine. 37(4):1288-1292, April 2009
Although lung transplantation is a widely used treatment modality for patients with end-stage lung disease, its long-term outcomes are limited. Including palliative approaches in the care of lung transplant recipients may be beneficial; however, systematic information regarding the utilization of palliative care services for lung recipients is lacking.
Journal of Clinical Microbiology, April 2009, p. 981-987, Vol. 47, No. 4
Sequence-based typing (SBT) is a powerful method based on the sequencing of seven genes of Legionella pneumophila isolates. SBT performed directly on clinical samples has been used only in a limited number of cases. In our study, its efficiency was tested with 63 legionellosis respiratory samples.
The Journal of Rheumatology April 1, 2009 vol. 36 no. 4 773-780
To assess whether serum concentrations of surfactant protein D (SP-D) and Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6), glycoproteins expressed by type II
pneumocytes, correlate with the presence of 'alveolitis' and measures of lung function in patients enrolled in the Scleroderma Lung Study
(SLS).
Thorax. Published Online First: 23 March 2009. doi:10.1136/thx.2008.099143
The British Thoracic Society (BTS) recommendations for patients with respiratory disease planning air travel suggest that an oxygen saturation (SaO2) >95% precludes the need for any further assessment of the need for supplemental oxygen during flight.
Thorax. Published Online First: 24 March 2009. doi:10.1136/thx.2008.106286
Influenza and pneumococcal vaccination are recommended in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD). A recent study from Tayside found a reduced risk of all cause mortality with vaccination in COPD patients.
Thorax. Published Online First: 23 March 2009. doi:10.1136/thx.2008.104752
In patients with symptoms suggestive of cystic fibrosis and intermediate sweat chloride values (30-60mmol/L) extensive CFTR gene mutation analysis and nasal potential difference
(NPD) measurement are used as additional diagnostic tests and a positive result in either test provides evidence of CFTR dysfunction.
Thorax. Published Online First: 23 March 2009. doi:10.1136/thx.2008.111237
Although multiple combinations of weather factors may contribute to an increased incidence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M.
pneumoniae) pneumonia, few studies have investigated the association between weather factors and cases of M.
pneumoniae.
To assess the levels of growth factors and interleukin-6 (IL-6) across the pulmonary circulation in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension
(PAH) and correlate them with clinical and hemodynamic data, and outcome.
Journal of Clinical Microbiology, April 2009, p. 1206-1208, Vol. 47, No. 4
Rapid detection of mycobacterial disease is essential. Using multiple specimen types and concentrations of
mycobacteria, we compared two commercial auramine O stains.
Asthma is characterized by an increased area of the airway smooth muscle (ASMarea) within the airway wall. This study examined the relationship of factors including severity and duration of asthma to
ASMarea.
The diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion (TBPE) is frequently problematic. Several markers of TBPE in pleural fluid have been evaluated, with different results.
To make the chronic cough guidelines more practical and user friendly by developing an internet-based interactive diagnostic questionnaire for chronic cough.
International Journal of COPD Published: April 2009
COPD is a complex disease with multiple pathological components, which we unfortunately tend to ignore when spirometry is used as the only method to evaluate the disorder.
Migraine with aura (MA) is associated with cardiac right-to-left shunt. We prospectively studied the association between pulmonary arteriovenous malformations
(PAVMs) and MA in hereditary hemorrhagic teleangiectasia (HHT).
European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 0937-4477 (Print) 10.1007/s00405-009-0961-4
The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in acoustic features of speech and voice after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty
(UPPP) with the Harmonic Scalpel (HS), using the multidimensional voice program
(MDVP) in conjunction with other tests.
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2009, doi:10.1164/rccm.200901-0047O
Understanding normal lung development and ageing in health and disease, both in men and women, is essential to interpreting any therapeutic intervention.
PEDIATRICS Vol. 123 No. 4 April 2009, pp. 1132-1141
The goal was to develop multivariate logistic regression models for the outcome of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and/or death at postmenstrual age of 36 weeks by using clinical and cytokine data from the first 28 days.
Pediatric Asthma, Allergy & Immunology ahead of print. doi:10.1089/pai.2008.0515
Varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection, early in life, has been shown to have a protective role against the development of asthma and atopy in children.
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2009, doi:10.1164/rccm.200811-1704OC
The optimal strategy for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection is controversial. Adoption of a two-step strategy (tuberculin skin test
(TST) followed by IGRA over an interferon-{gamma}-release-assay
(IGRA) alone, may be limited by TST-mediated boosting of subsequent IGRA responses.
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2009, doi:10.1164/rccm.200809-1433OC
Endothelial thrombomodulin (TM) regulates thrombosis and inflammation. Diverse forms of pulmonary and vascular injury are accompanied by downregulation of TM, which aggravates tissue injury.
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2009, doi:10.1164/rccm.200802-232OC
Diaphragm thickness is increased in cystic fibrosis, but it shows a marked variability between patients. The variable response of the diaphragm to loading may reflect the combined and opposite effects of training by the respiratory disease and systemic inflammation.
Chest Published online before print March 2009, doi: 10.1378/chest.08-2123
Despite widespread guidelines recommending use of lung protective ventilation (LPV) in patients with acute lung injury (ALI) many patients do not receive this life saving therapy.
Chest Published online before print November 2008, doi: 10.1378/chest.08-1602
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is a noninvasive respiratory support technique that may prevent pulmonary complications following cardiac surgery. This study was conducted in order to determine the efficacy of prophylactic nasal CPAP
(nCPAP) compared to standard treatment.
Chest Published online before print April 2009, doi: 10.1378/chest.09-0336
Mutations in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) genes are associated with dysregulated
mTOR/Akt signaling and unusual neoplasms called perivascular epithelioid cell tumors
(PEComas), including angiomyolipomas (AMLs) and lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM).
Vascular Health and Risk Management Published: April 2009
In the pediatric population, pulmonary hypertension may present as an acute event in the setting of lung or cardiac pathology or as a chronic disease, mainly as idiopathic pulmonary hypertension or associated with congenital heart disease.
Fluid shift from the legs to the neck induced by LBPP (lower-body positive pressure) increases UA (upper airway) collapsibility in healthy men. Rostral fluid displacement during recumbency may therefore contribute to the pathogenesis of OSA (obstructive sleep
apnoea).
We have previously shown that TGF-{beta}1 protected against main pulmonary artery endothelial cell
(PAEC) apoptosis induced by serum deprivation and VEGF receptor blockade through a mechanism associated with ALK5-mediated Bcl-2
upregulation.
The family of zinc and calcium-dependent matrix metalloproteases (MMP's) play an important role in remodeling of the airways in disease. Transcriptional regulation by pro-inflammatory cytokines increases lymphocyte derived MMP9 levels in the airway lumen of asthmatics.
The anti-inflammatory actions of endogenous glucocorticoids (GCs) are regulated by the activities of the GC-activating and -inactivating enzymes, 11{beta}-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11{beta}-HSD)-1 and 11{beta}-HSD2, respectively, that catalyze the interconversion of the inert GC, cortisone, and its bioactive derivative,
cortisol. Proinflammatory cytokines regulate 11{beta}-HSD1 expression in various cell types and, thereby, modulate the bioavailability of cortisol to the glucocorticoid receptor
(GR).
Psychosom Med 2009, doi:10.1097/PSY.0b013e318199dbc3
To understand how psychological stress heightens risk for asthma flare-ups, we examined the relationship between acute stress, chronic family stress, and the production of asthma-related cytokines.
Fluoroquinolone (FLQ) antibiotics are not uncommonly prescribed for community-acquired pneumonia that is later proven to be pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Such FLQ monotherapy may result in
FLQ-resistant pulmonary TB.
Chest Published online before print March 2009, doi: 10.1378/chest.08-2739
Although pulmonary hypertension commonly complicates COPD, the functional consequences of increased pulmonary artery pressures in this population remain poorly defined.
Recent studies suggest that CRP levels are related to airflow obstruction. However, limited data exist on the relevance of CRP levels in individuals with or without emphysema. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the extent of emphysema, COPD severity and serum CRP levels.
Journal of Thoracic Oncology. 4(4):444-447, April 2009
Dysregulation of mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor receptor tyrosine kinase pathway leads to cell proliferation, protection from apoptosis, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis.
Respiratory Medicine Volume 103, Issue 5, Pages 692-699 (May 2009)
1) To determine whether severe exacerbation of COPD is a BODE index independent risk factor for death; 2) whether the combined application of exacerbations and BODE (e-BODE index), offers greater predictive capacity than BODE alone or can simplify the model, by replacing the exercise capacity
(BODEx index).
Respiratory Medicine Volume 103, Issue 5, Pages 661-669 (May 2009)
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-targeted therapies are increasingly being prescribed in the management of a variety of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
Respiratory Medicine Volume 103, Issue 5, Pages 766-772 (May 2009)
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare lung disease affecting women. Following case reports that pregnancy exacerbates LAM, patients are frequently advised to avoid pregnancy.
Respiratory Medicine Volume 103, Issue 5, Pages 707-713 (May 2009)
Reports of patients with polymyxin-only susceptible gram-negative nosocomial pneumonia treated with inhaled, but without concurrent intravenous, colistin are rare.
Respiratory Medicine Volume 103, Issue 5, Pages 650-660 (May 2009)
COPD is a diverse disease entity with multiple dimensions that uniquely define the patient's performance, morbidity and mortality. FEV1 is both the traditional metric used to define the progression of COPD as well as the strongest spirometric predictor of mortality in COPD patients.
Respiratory Medicine Volume 103, Issue 5, Pages 750-756 (May 2009)
Collection of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a safe, non-invasive method to collect droplets of the airway surface liquid and measure mediators of airway inflammation and oxidative stress, such as cysteinyl-leukotrienes
(cys-LTs) and 8-isoprostane.
Respiratory Medicine Volume 103, Issue 5, Pages 722-728 (May 2009)
To address the minimum duration of pulmonary rehabilitation necessary for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) to achieve a plateau in Health-Related Quality of Life
(HRQL) and exercise tolerance.
Respiratory Medicine Volume 103, Issue 5, Pages 773-779 (May 2009)
The aim of our study is to investigate correlations of TH1/TH2 cytokine gene polymorphisms and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid
(BALF) cytokine values in interstitial lung diseases (ILD).
Respiratory Medicine Volume 103, Issue 5, Pages 637-649 (May 2009)
An increasing number of studies confirm that pathogenesis and prevalence of bronchial asthma are age and sex dependent. Detailed physiological mechanisms of the changing sex ratios with age are not fully known, however, the gender (socio-cultural) factors are also imperative.
Respiratory Medicine Volume 103, Issue 5, Pages 714-721 (May 2009)
COPD is a prevalent disease that generates high use of resources. The objective of this study was to quantify the economic consequences of non-adherence to GOLD guidelines for the management of COPD patients.
Journal of Perinatology advance online publication 2 April 2009;
doi: 10.1038/jp.2009.33
Determine the contemporary incidence of pathogenic tracheal aspirate (TA) cultures when obtained within 12 h of birth, and to associate TA culture results with specific clinical conditions that increase the risk of infection.
International Journal of COPD Published: April 2009
Many of the systemic manifestations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) are mediated through increased systemic levels of inflammatory proteins.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae continues to be a significant cause of community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP). A more definitive methodology for reliable detection of M. pneumoniae is needed to identify outbreaks and to prevent potentially fatal extrapulmonary complications.
Mutations in gene encoding for bone morphogenetic protein type 2 receptor (BMPR-2) have been reported in pulmonary arterial hypertension
(PAH), but their functional relevance remains incompletely understood.
Intensive Care Medicine 0342-4642 (Print) 10.1007/s00134-009-1463-y
Soluble Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) has proven to be a good biomarker for sepsis. For the diagnosis ventilator-associated pneumonia
(VAP), however, there have only been a few, relatively small, studies on the role of this receptor.
Journal of Intensive Care Medicine 2009, doi:10.1177/0885066609332603
Over the past 2 decades, measurement of biomarkers in both the airspaces and plasma early in the course of acute lung injury has provided new insights into the mechanisms of lung injury.
Chest Published online before print December 2008, doi: 10.1378/chest.08-2102
The abundant expression of leukotrienes (LT) and their receptors (LTR) in adenotonsillar tissues of children with OSA suggest that LT antagonists could be useful in treating
OSA.
Chest Published online before print March 2009, doi: 10.1378/chest.08-2482
To investigate the expression of Survivin, Bcl-2, p53, Ki-67 and Src in thymic
neoplasms, and analyze their interrelationship with clinicopathologic variables.
Chest Published online before print February 2009, doi: 10.1378/chest.08-2768
Ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration of mediastinal lymph nodes
(EBUS-TBNA) has been found to be more accurate than standard transbronchial needle aspiration
(TBNA) in the setting of malignancy.
Chest Published online before print November 2008, doi: 10.1378/chest.08-1164
Elderly patients with idiopathic pulmonary embolism (PE) are at high risk for recurrent venous thromboembolic disease and might benefit from long-term anticoagulant therapy.
Chest Published online before print January 2009, doi: 10.1378/chest.08-1909
The long (L) allele of a functional promoter polymorphism in the serotonin transporter
(SERT) has been associated with an increased risk of some forms of pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Chest Published online before print November 2008, doi: 10.1378/chest.08-2041
{beta}2-adrenergic receptor ({beta}2-AR) agonists are the mainstay of treatment for severe asthma exacerbations, one of the most common causes of critical illness in children.
Journal of Pediatric Psychology, doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsn084
This study examined associations of asthma management-related beliefs and behaviors with immune markers and clinical outcomes in a sample of 66 children with asthma (ages 9-18 years).
Journal of Clinical Microbiology, April 2009, p. 1231-1233, Vol. 47, No. 4
We prospectively determined the prevalence of community-associated Staphylococcus aureus in a large cystic fibrosis (CF) center between October 2005 and October 2007.
Journal of Clinical Microbiology, April 2009, p. 1046-1049, Vol. 47, No. 4
The diagnosis of severe Streptococcus pneumoniae infection relies heavily on insensitive culture techniques. To improve the usefulness of PCR assays, we developed a
dual-PCR protocol (targeted at pneumolysin and autolysin) for EDTA blood samples.
BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2009, 9:11doi:10.1186/1471-2466-9-11
Recent studies have provided evidence for a link between leptin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha
(TNF-alpha). Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) mediates the metabolic effects of growth hormone
(GH).
Chest Published online before print February 2009, doi: 10.1378/chest.08-2465
Acute lung injury (ALI) and the ARDS are common clinical syndromes that are
underdiagnosed. Clara Cell protein (CC16) is an anti-inflammatory protein secreted by the Clara cells of the distal respiratory epithelium that has been proposed as a biomarker of lung epithelial injury.
Chest Published online before print March 2009, doi: 10.1378/chest.08-1814
Chronic cough may frequently remain unexplained. Although various cardiac arrhythmias have already been reported as a cause of chronic cough, this phenomenon has not been evaluated prospectively.
European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 0937-4477 (Print) 10.1007/s00405-009-0971-2
Respiratory tract infections are one of the most common reasons for public sickness rate. Even though they are usually virus-caused, antibiotic prescription is mostly used in primary care.
Journal of Clinical Microbiology, April 2009, p. 914-923, Vol. 47, No. 4
In this study we report on the development of a multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat
(VNTR) analysis (MLVA) method for the molecular typing of Mycoplasma
pneumoniae.
Inflammation Research 1023-3830 (Print) 10.1007/s00011-009-0033-7
A large population world over is affected with allergic diseases and asthma. Pharmacotherapy for allergic diseases and asthma is effective in controlling symptoms but on discontinuation of medication, symptoms reoccur.
How does quantitative high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) measures of emphysema and airway wall thickness vary with gender, age and smoking history.
Chest Published online before print April 2009, doi: 10.1378/chest.08-2399
The role of certified respiratory educators (CRE) is to educate, assess, and help manage asthma and COPD patients in Canada. This study was undertaken to see whether CREs could assist pulmonologists (MD) to manage patients with chronic cough.
Middle East Journal of Family Medicine April 2009 - Volume 7, Issue 3
The aim of the study was to estimate whether determination of C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration could be used as an inflammation marker in children with asthma and allergic rhinitis.
Future Microbiology, Volume 4, Number 3, April 2009 , pp. 279-297(19)
Since the isolation of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in 1956, its significance as an important human pathogen in infants, the elderly and the immunocompromised has been established.
Surgery Today Volume 39, Number 4 / April, 2009 320-325
The overall incidence of postoperative alveolar air leakage (AAL) remains high; however, the mechanism regarding how to adequately heal such postoperative AAL remains to be elucidated.
Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, doi:10.1093/tropej/fmp019
To determine incidence, related factors, outcome, bacterial organisms and their sensitivity patterns with regard to ventilator-associated pneumonia
(VAP) in children.
Pregnancy is associated with a fivefold increase in the prevalence of venous
thromboembolism, and pulmonary embolism is a leading cause of maternal death. However, the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism during pregnancy is challenging because classic clinical symptoms are often absent and physiologic changes during pregnancy can mimic pulmonary embolism.
International Orthopaedics 0341-2695 (Print) 10.1007/s00264-009-0764-7
Between 2005 and 2007, 14 patients who had severe scoliosis in Duchenne muscular dystrophy
(DMD) and a poor forced vital capacity (FVC) of <30% at admission underwent scoliosis surgery.
Clinical Microbiology and Infection Published Online: 2 Apr 2009
Streptococcus pneumoniae infections are often difficult to diagnose accurately, as it is not uncommon for clinical samples to be culture-negative, particularly after antibiotic administration.
Pulmonary fibrosis represents a fatal stage of interstitial lung diseases of known and idiopathic
aetiology. No effective therapy is currently available. Based on an indication-discovery approach we present novel in vitro evidence that the histone deacetylases inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid
(SAHA), an FDA-approved anti-cancer drug, has antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory potential.
Cross-shift measurements of peak expiratory flow (PEF) are commonly employed in the diagnosis of occupational asthma, although evidence for this approach is lacking. This paper presents an evaluation of the technique.
To compare mandibular advancement device (MAd) and positive airway pressure
(CPAP) for obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnoea syndrome (OSAHS) after one-night polysomnographic
(PSG) titration of both treatments.
The aim of this study was to confirm the utility of aerosolised iloprost for identifying long-term responders to calcium channel blockers
(CCBs) in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension
(IPAH).
Chest Published online before print March 2009, doi: 10.1378/chest.08-2304
Asthma and COPD are characterized by substantial racial disparities in morbidity and mortality, with African-American (AA) patients experiencing greater mortality and morbidity.
Respiratory Research 2009, 10:26doi:10.1186/1465-9921-10-26
This study investigated the expression of CFTR gene in bone marrow-derived DC. We compared the differentiation and maturation profile of DC from CF and wild type (WT) mice.
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2009, doi:10.1164/rccm.200812-1936OC
The implication of T cells in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
(IPF) is controversial. CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ T regulatory cells
(Tregs) are pivotal in maintaining immune homeostasis, but their role in IPF pathophysiology is not yet studied.
The objective of this study was to investigate potential role of taurine and niacin supplementation, and their combination, in an in vitro model of silica-induced, macrophage-mediated pulmonary fibroblast proliferation.
The Clinical Respiratory Journal Published Online: 1 Apr 2009
Budesonide/formoterol maintenance and reliever therapy
(Symbicort SMART®) is an effective asthma-management regime where patients use
budesonide/formoterol both as maintenance treatment and as additional doses as needed to improve overall asthma control by reducing symptoms and exacerbations.
Transplant Infectious Disease Published Online: 1 Apr 2009
We report the first case of parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV3) pneumonia in a kidney transplant recipient. A 39-year-old man developed pneumonia during hospitalization 6 years after kidney transplantation.
Acta Radiologica First Published on: 23 March 2009
Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) of the pleura usually presents as a peripheral mass, in contact with the surface of the pleura. However, on occasion, it can occur separately from the pleura, in the lung parenchyma.
We report a 20-year-old male with rare asymptomatic aneurysm of the left ventricle that was concluded to be a pseudoaneurysm given its calcified walls and the history of severe blunt chest trauma 8 years ago.
This study was designed to investigate the prevalence, clinical and laboratory findings, and short-term prognostic significance of mobile right cardiac thrombus
(MRCT) among patients with pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE).
Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 2009, doi:10.1165/rcmb.2008-0333OC
Hypoxia stimulates the migration of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells
(PASMCs), which contributes to the pathogenesis of pulmonary vessel structural remodeling in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension
(HPH).
Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 2009, doi:10.1165/rcmb.2008-0124OC
Among proteases, metalloproteases are implicated in tissue remodelling as shown in numerous diseases including allergy. ADAMs (A Disintegrin And
Metalloprotease) metalloproteases are implicated in physiological processes such as cytokine and growth factor shedding, cell migration, adhesion or repulsion.
Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 2009, doi:10.1165/rcmb.2008-0412OC
Endothelin-1 causes long-lasting vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling by interacting with specific G-protein-coupled receptors in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells
(PASMCs) and thus plays an important role in the pathophysiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension.
European Radiology 0938-7994 (Print)
DOI 10.1007/s00330-009-1385-7
The objective of this retrospective study was to assess image quality with pulmonary CT angiography
(CTA) using 80 kVp and to find anthropomorphic parameters other than body weight (BW) to serve as selection criteria for low-dose
CTA.
This systematic review and meta-analysis explores the clinical efficacy of biocompatible surfaces for cardiopulmonary bypass in adults. Thirty-six randomized controlled trials were retrieved for a total of 4360 patients.
Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) is a cardio-pulmonary bypass technique for providing life support in acute reversible cardio-respiratory failure when conventional management is not successful.
Extramedullary plasmacytomas, especially located in the thorax, are very rare. We present a 31-year-old patient who was diagnosed with a solitary plasmacytoma located in the lung mimicking a primary lung tumor. After several weeks, this developed into multiple
myeloma.
Chest Published online before print December 2008, doi: 10.1378/chest.08-1794
To review safety of embolization in patients affected with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
(HHT) presenting with diffuse pulmonary arteriovenous malformations
(PAVMs).
Chest Published online before print February 2009, doi: 10.1378/chest.08-2006
Despite the development of targeted therapies for pulmonary arterial hypertension
(PAH), some patients fail to respond to medical therapy. There are a number of types of
PAH, one of which is pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD).
PEDIATRICS Vol. 123 No. 4 April 2009, pp. 1124-1131
Pulmonary disease among infants of <28 weeks' gestation (extremely low gestational age newborns) often has the following pattern: the infant starts out with little need for supplemental oxygen and ventilatory support in the first postnatal week but then has pulmonary deterioration in the second postnatal week, with an increased need for supplemental oxygen and respiratory support.
European Radiology 0938-7994 (Print) 10.1007/s00330-009-1367-9
The purpose of the study was to determine the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of multidetector CT
(MDCT) in detection of diaphragmatic injury following penetrating trauma.
Malignant melanoma originating outside the skin is very rare, whereas primary malignant melanoma of the lung is extremely rare. 5-S-Cysteinyldopa (5-S-CD), a melanin metabolite, has been reported to be a prognostic marker for cutaneous malignant melanoma.
Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, Volume 102, Number 4, April 2009 , pp. 323-327(5)
Current asthma guidelines emphasize domains of impairment and risk for assessing severity and control, noting the need to consider separately the effects of asthma on asthma quality of life and functional capacity. Proper treatment to control asthma should result in improvements in patient well-being and functional status.
Chest Published online before print November 2008, doi: 10.1378/chest.08-2062
Epidemiologic studies indicate that chronic cough and sputum production are associated with increased mortality and disease progression in COPD subjects.
Our aim was to investigate in a prospective study a potential role of C-reactive protein (CRP) in predicting the outcome in pulmonary arterial hypertension
(PAH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
(CTEPH).
Asthma is associated with an eosinophil infiltration into the bronchial mucosa. 5-Oxo-6,8,11,14(E,Z,Z,Z)-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-oxo-ETE), a potent eosinophil chemotactic factor, activates cell motility, adherence, and proteolysis, notably, by promoting CD11b expression, matrix metalloproteinase
(MMP)-9 secretion, and plasmin generation.
Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Volume 20, Number 2, March 2009 , pp. 164-171(8)
Recently, the exhaled breath temperature has been proposed as a potential marker for the evaluation of airway inflammation in asthma. The purpose of this study was to verify the ability to distinguish asthmatics from normal controls by a dedicated detailed mathematical evaluation of the exhaled air curve.
Chest Published online before print March 2009, doi: 10.1378/chest.08-1549
Considerable evidence indicates a key role for primary cilia of mammalian cells in mechanochemical sensing. Dysfunctions of primary cilia have been linked to the pathogenesis of several human diseases.
Chest Published online before print February 2009, doi: 10.1378/chest.08-1753
Systemic inflammation has been associated with reduced lung function. Adhesion molecules, such as ICAM-1 and
P-selectin, figure importantly in initiating the inflammatory response.
Chest Published online before print January 2009, doi: 10.1378/chest.08-2295
Adenotonsillar tissue of children with obstructive sleep-disordered breathing
(SDB) has increased content of cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) and expression of CysLTs receptors.
Chest Published online before print December 2008, doi: 10.1378/chest.08-1928
Hospital performance measures rely on aggregate outcomes. For mechanically ventilated (MV) patients outcomes are dependent on severity of illness, hospital MV volume and case-mix.
Chest Published online before print February 2009, doi: 10.1378/chest.08-2008
Pulmonary venous hypertension (PVH) is well a described cause of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in patients with left heart disease associated with elevated left heart filling pressure.
Hypoxemia is common in pulmonary hypertension (PH) and may be partly related to ventilation/perfusion mismatch, low diffusion capacity, low cardiac output, and/or right-to-left
(RL) shunting.
The purpose of this study was to quantify the prevalence of once-daily dosage of tobramycin
(ODDT) among Cystic Fibrosis Foundation-accredited care centers and affiliated programs
(CFFACCs) and characterize the ODDT approaches used by these institutions.
Clinical Microbiology and Infection Published Online: 19 Mar 2009
An incorrect or late diagnosis can lead to an increase in the morbidity and mortality caused by pneumonia, and the availability of a rapid and accurate microbiological test to verify the aetiology is imperative.
PEDIATRICS Vol. 123 No. 4 April 2009, pp. 1108-1115
We conducted a prospective, observational study in a tertiary care pediatric center to determine risk factors for the development of and outcomes from ventilator-associated pneumonia.
Chest Published online before print January 2009, doi: 10.1378/chest.08-2179
The comparative accuracy and discriminatory power of three validated rules for predicting clinically relevant outcomes other than mortality in patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia are unknown.
Chest Published online before print February 2009, doi: 10.1378/chest.08-2105
Peroxynitrite (PN) formed by the reaction of nitric oxide and superoxide is a powerful
oxidant/nitrosant. Nitrative stress is implicated in COPD pathogenesis, but PN has not been detected due to a short half life (< 1s) at physiologic condition. Instead, 3-nitro-tyrosine has been measured as a footprint of PN release.
Introduction or background: Heavy exercise induces marked immunodepression, which is multifactorial in origin. Evidence showing clinical significance of this immunodepression is scarce.
American Journal of Medicine Volume 122, Issue 4, Pages 348-355 (April 2009)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States but is often
undertreated. COPD often overlaps with other conditions such as hypertension and osteoporosis, which are less morbid but may be treated more aggressively.
Positron emission tomography has proven to be an invaluable tool for diagnosing and staging non-small cell lung cancer. The authors analyzed relationships between the preoperative maximum standardized uptake values
(SUVmax) of masses and early recurrence rates in patients with stage I pulmonary
adenocarcinoma.
In-stent thrombosis is a severe and potentially fatal event. The incidence of this pathological process does not differ significantly after implantation of either bare metal or drug-eluting stents
(DESs) in the first month after intervention, but stent thrombosis (ST) continues to occur over a long period of time after implantation of
DESs, a phenomenon known as late and very late ST.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate integrated 18F-FDG PET/CT in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
(IPF) and diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD).
Clinical Microbiology and Infection Published Online: 23 Mar 2009
The use of recombinant fragments of the major surface glycoprotein (Msg) of Pneumocystis jirovecii has proven useful for studying serological immune responses of blood donors and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive (HIV+) patients.
Transplant Infectious Disease Published Online: 2 Mar 2009
Transplant recipients are at risk for hospital-acquired infections (HAIs), including those caused by Pseudomonas
aeruginosa. Of all HAIs, bloodstream infection (BSI) remains one of the most life-threatening.
Transplant Infectious Disease Published Online: 5 Feb 2009
Interference with T-cell function increases the risk of infections, especially during the early post-transplant period.
Belatacept, a costimulation blocker, is currently being tested in phase III clinical trials. Here we report a renal transplant recipient who received belatacept and developed severe Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) with fatal superinfections 4 years post transplant.
To assess the effect of enhanced infection control measures with screening for gastrointestinal colonization on limiting the spread of
carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in a New York City hospital endemic for this pathogen.
Objective.To investigate the marked increase noted over an 8-month period in the number of Legionella pneumophila isolates recovered from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid specimens obtained during bronchoscopy in our healthcare system.
Pulmonary lymphangiectasis (PL) is a very rare developmental defect of the lungs, which has previously been reported to have a very poor prognosis. However, recent reports have suggested improved outcomes, possibly as a result of advances in neonatal and pediatric intensive care medicine.
Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Volume 20, Number 2, March 2009 , pp. 172-179(8)
Many surveys worldwide have consistently demonstrated a low level of asthma control and under-utilization of preventive asthma drugs. However, these studies have been frequently criticized for using population-based samples, which include many patients with no or irregular follow-ups.
Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Volume 20, Number 2, March 2009 , pp. 151-156(6)
Recently, functional genetic variants of the PTGDR gene have been associated with asthma. The objective of this work was to study polymorphisms of the promoter region of PTGDR and their haplotype and diplotype combinations in a Spanish population of children with asthma.
Chest Published online before print December 2008, doi: 10.1378/chest.08-1595
Interleukin-17E (IL-17E) is a member of the IL-17 family, which induces IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and eotaxin in experimental animals via IL-17 receptor B (IL-17RB).
Chest Published online before print December 2008, doi: 10.1378/chest.08-1658
Maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) is regarded as valuable to quantify functional capacity in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH). Information regarding children is limited, possibly related to safety concerns.
Chest Published online before print November 2008, doi: 10.1378/chest.08-2059
The objective of this investigation was to assess the association of peakVO2 with postoperative outcome in a prospective cohort of patients submitted to major lung resection for lung cancer.
Chest Published online before print December 2008, doi: 10.1378/chest.08-1695
Distinguishing central sleep apneas from obstructive sleep apneas can be clinically important because different types of apnea may require different treatment.
Chest Published online before print January 2009, doi: 10.1378/chest.08-2040
Detection of small indeterminate pulmonary nodules (4-10mm in diameter) in clinical practice is increasing, largely because of increased utilization and improved imaging technology.
Chest Published online before print March 2009, doi: 10.1378/chest.08-1634
Stress ulcer prophylaxis (SUP) using ranitidine, a histamine H2 receptor antagonist, has been associated with an increased risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia. The proton-pump inhibitor pantoprazole is also commonly used for SUP.
Chest Published online before print February 2009, doi: 10.1378/chest.08-2222
Altitude exposure is associated with mild pulmonary hypertension and decreased exercise capacity. We tested the hypothesis that pulmonary vascular resistance
(PVR) contributes to decreased exercise capacity in hypoxic healthy subjects.
Chest Published online before print December 2008, doi: 10.1378/chest.08-2257
Oxidative stress is a key element in the pathogenesis of emphysema, but oxidation of nucleic acids has been largely overlooked. The aim of this study was to investigate oxidative damage to nucleic acids in severe emphysematous lungs.
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